CN113780359A - Method and device for identifying insulator in infrared image and readable storage medium - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of image recognition processing, in particular to a method and a device for recognizing insulators in infrared images and a readable storage medium, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a sample image data set of an insulator, wherein the sample image data set of the insulator comprises a plurality of sample images; the sample image comprises a positive sample image and a negative sample image, and the sample image is obtained according to infrared image preprocessing of the insulator; constructing a weak classifier, and training the constructed weak classifier according to the sample image data set to obtain an improved cascade classifier model; receiving an infrared image of an insulator to be detected, and predicting an insulator region in the infrared image of the insulator to be detected through an improved cascade classifier model; the invention also correspondingly provides a device for identifying the insulator in the infrared image and a readable storage medium, and the device and the method can improve the accuracy and the efficiency of identifying the insulator in the infrared image.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of image recognition processing, in particular to a method and a device for recognizing insulators in infrared images and a readable storage medium.
Background
Insulators are important component equipment with huge application quantity in overhead transmission lines, the traditional manual detection is difficult to accurately recognize multiple targets of infrared images of a large number of insulators, and the recognition speed and accuracy of the existing intelligent recognition algorithm are difficult to meet the field application requirements.
Therefore, how to improve the existing intelligent recognition algorithm and improve the accuracy and recognition efficiency of insulator recognition in the infrared image becomes a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a method and an apparatus for identifying insulators in an infrared image, and a readable storage medium, to solve one or more technical problems in the prior art, and to provide at least one useful choice or creation condition.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for identifying an insulator in an infrared image comprises the following steps:
s100, obtaining a sample image data set of the insulator, wherein the sample image data set of the insulator comprises a plurality of sample images; the sample image comprises a positive sample image and a negative sample image, and the sample image is obtained according to infrared image preprocessing of the insulator;
s200, constructing a weak classifier, and training the constructed weak classifier according to the sample image data set to obtain an improved cascade classifier model;
step S300, receiving an infrared image of the insulator to be detected, and predicting an insulator region in the infrared image of the insulator to be detected through an improved cascade classifier model.
Further, the step S100 includes:
step S110, acquiring an infrared image of the transformer substation, wherein the infrared image comprises an insulator;
step S120, unifying the pixels of the infrared image, and carrying out gray processing on the infrared image with unified pixels to convert the infrared image into a gray histogram;
step S130, carrying out equalization processing on the gray level histogram to obtain a final sample image;
step S140, determining the characteristic values of the sample images by using an integral graph method, and constructing a sample image data set according to the characteristic values of the sample images.
Further, the step S200 includes:
step S210, determining a weak classifier; the weak classifier adopts a cascade Gentle Adaboost classifier;
step S220, determining the minimum classification error rate of each level of classifier in the weak classifier, and searching the minimum threshold factor of the weak classifier according to the classification error rate of each level of classifier;
step S230, finding the minimum classification error rate from the minimum classification error rates of all weak classifiers, updating the weight of the sample image input into the weak classifier for training according to the minimum classification error, and outputting a strong classifier;
step S240, setting the minimum hit rate and the maximum false alarm rate of each stage of the strong classifier, training the cascaded strong classifiers, and obtaining an improved cascaded classifier model when the hit rate of each stage of the strong classifier reaches the minimum hit rate and the false alarm rate is lower than the maximum false alarm rate.
Further, the weak classifier is defined by:
in the formula: f (x)i) For the region x to be detected in the sample imageiA feature calculation function of (a); theta is a minimization threshold factor set by the weak classifier; class value alpha1And alpha2Is in the absolute value of [0,1 ]]Between, the classification value alpha1And alpha2Is proportional to the confidence of the weak classifier.
Further, the step S220 includes:
step S221, let j equal to 1,2,3.., p, where p is the total number of features;
step S222, calculating the weight sum T of all insulator samples in the sample image data set+And the sum of the weights T of all non-insulator samples-;
Step S223, calculating the sum of the weights of all positive sample images before the sample iAnd sum of weights of all negative sample imagesWherein i is a sample serial number corresponding to the positive sample image; j is a characteristic serial number corresponding to the negative sample image;
step S224, calculating to obtain a minimum classification error rate according to the following formula, and simultaneously recording a minimum threshold factor theta corresponding to the weak classifier;
further, the step S230 includes:
step S231, marking N sample images as (x)1,y1),…,(xn,yn) Wherein y isi∈{-1,1},yi1, denoted as insulator sample; y isiA non-insulator sample is denoted by-1.
Step S232, initializing sample weight by using the following formula;
wi=1/N,i=1,...,N;
step S233, let J equal 1,2,3., J, where J represents the total number of iterations;
calling a weak classifier training algorithm to find out a weak classifier h with the minimum classification error from all weak classifiersj(xi) The corresponding minimization threshold factor θ, which is expressed as the weak classifier h by the following formulaj(xi) The classification error of (2);
in the formula ofjIs the minimum classification error for the jth iteration; k is a constant number, 0<k<1;
Calculating the average weight of the sample images in the round by using the following formula;
calculating the standard deviation of the weight by using the following formula;
the weights of the sample images are updated using the following formula:
in the formula: alpha is alphajIs an intermediate variable; h isj(xi) The classifier corresponding to the jth iteration is represented; ziIs hj(xi) A normalization factor of the classifier; m is the training average weight;
normalization factor ZiCan be expressed as:
an output strong classifier G (x), wherein:
a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for identifying insulators in infrared images according to any one of the above.
A system for identifying insulators in infrared images, the system comprising:
at least one processor;
at least one memory for storing at least one program;
when the at least one program is executed by the at least one processor, the at least one processor is enabled to implement any one of the above methods for identifying insulators in infrared images.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention discloses a method, a device and a readable storage medium for identifying insulators in infrared images. According to the invention, through improving the classifier training algorithm, the classifier identification accuracy is improved, and the classifier training and identification efficiency is effectively improved by adopting a new weight value updating rule.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for identifying insulators in an infrared image according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of equalizing a gray histogram;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a sample image in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating integral definition in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a correspondence between the number of cascade layers and the hit rate in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a correspondence relationship between the number of cascade layers and the hit rate false alarm rate in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The conception, specific structure and technical effects of the present application will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings, so that the purpose, scheme and effects of the present application can be fully understood. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
Referring to fig. 1, as shown in fig. 1, a method for identifying an insulator in an infrared image according to an embodiment of the present application includes the following steps:
s100, obtaining a sample image data set of the insulator, wherein the sample image data set of the insulator comprises a plurality of sample images; the sample image comprises a positive sample image and a negative sample image, and the sample image is obtained according to infrared image preprocessing of the insulator;
s200, constructing a weak classifier, and training the constructed weak classifier according to the sample image data set to obtain an improved cascade classifier model;
step S300, receiving an infrared image of the insulator to be detected, and predicting an insulator region in the infrared image of the insulator to be detected through an improved cascade classifier model.
In the embodiment provided by the invention, firstly, a large number of infrared images acquired on site are used for constructing an insulator infrared data set, and a plurality of weak classifiers are constructed; the classifier is improved through training, so that the recognition accuracy of the classifier is improved, and the training and recognition efficiency of the classifier is effectively improved.
As a further improvement of the above embodiment, the step S100 includes:
step S110, acquiring an infrared image of the transformer substation, wherein the infrared image comprises an insulator;
step S120, unifying the pixels of the infrared image, and carrying out gray processing on the infrared image with unified pixels to convert the infrared image into a gray histogram;
step S130, carrying out equalization processing on the gray level histogram to obtain a final sample image;
in some embodiments, an infrared image data set of the insulator is constructed by using a large number of infrared images of the transformer substation, pixels of the infrared images are unified into 30 × 100 in order to improve training and recognition speed of a subsequent classifier, and the infrared images are subjected to graying processing and converted into grayscale histograms. Considering that the gray value distribution of each gray level in the gray histogram is not uniform, then the gray histogram is equalized (as shown in fig. 2) to make the image uniform in brightness and detail features clear, so as to obtain the final sample image. The processing results are shown in fig. 3.
Step S140, determining the characteristic values of the sample images by using an integral graph method, and constructing a sample image data set according to the characteristic values of the sample images.
As shown in fig. 4, an integral definition map is used, and haar-like feature values of a sample image can be rapidly calculated by using an integral map method. In fig. 4, the D region is indicated as a dark portion in the feature rectangle, and the remaining 3-portion region indicates a white portion in the feature rectangle. The sum of the pixel values of the regions is:
characteristic value lambda of D regionDCan be expressed as:
λD=IA(x,y)+IB(x,y)+IC(x,y)-ID(x,y)(5);
in the formula: i (x, y) is the sum of pixel values of each region; i (x ', y') is the gray value of the point (x ', y').
The integral image of the sample image can be obtained by only scanning the whole sample image once.
As a further refinement of the above embodiment, the weak classifier is defined by:
in the formula: f (x)i) For the region x to be detected in the sample imageiA feature calculation function of (a); theta is a minimization threshold factor set by the weak classifier; class value alpha1And alpha2Is in the absolute value of [0,1 ]]Between, the classification value alpha1And alpha2Is proportional to the confidence of the weak classifier.
As a further improvement of the above embodiment, the step S200 includes:
step S210, determining a weak classifier; the weak classifier adopts a cascade Gentle Adaboost classifier;
in the weak classifier training process, there are mainly 2 error sources: firstly, identifying an insulator sub-target as a non-insulator target; and identifying the non-insulator target as an insulator target. The sum of the weights of the 2 error samples can be calculated by equations (7) and (8), respectively:
in the formula: w is ai()The sample weight of the ith area under the condition of (1); n is the total number of samples; w is ai()The sample weight of the ith area under the condition of the second condition is taken as the sample weight of the ith area under the condition of the second condition; epsilonpn、εnpRespectively, the sum of the weights in the corresponding case.
In the training process of the current classifier, the 2 error conditions are treated in the same way. However, in the insulator target recognition image, the proportion of the insulator sub-targets in the image is small. Thus, the erroneous recognition of the insulator sub-target as a non-insulator region has a greater impact than the erroneous recognition of the non-insulator target as the insulator sub-target. In the cascade process of the classifiers, if a certain classifier identifies the insulator sub-target as a non-insulator target, the region is permanently excluded; and the non-insulator target is judged as an insulator target area which is most possibly eliminated in a down classifier, so that the influence on the training process is small.
In order to balance the influence of the 2 error conditions on the classifier and improve the accuracy of classifier identification, as a further improvement of the above embodiment, the step S200 further includes:
step S220, determining the minimum classification error rate of each level of classifier in the weak classifier, and searching the minimum threshold factor of the weak classifier according to the classification error rate of each level of classifier;
step S230, finding the minimum classification error rate from the minimum classification error rates of all weak classifiers, updating the weight of the sample image input into the weak classifier for training according to the minimum classification error, and outputting a strong classifier;
step S240, setting the minimum hit rate and the maximum false alarm rate of each stage of the strong classifier, training the cascaded strong classifiers, and obtaining an improved cascaded classifier model when the hit rate of each stage of the strong classifier reaches the minimum hit rate and the false alarm rate is lower than the maximum false alarm rate.
As a further improvement of the above embodiment, the step S220 includes:
step S221, let j equal to 1,2,3.., p, where p is the total number of features;
step S222, calculating all of the sample image data setsSum of weights T of insulator samples+And the sum of the weights T of all non-insulator samples-;
Step S223, calculating the sum of the weights of all positive sample images before the sample iAnd sum of weights of all negative sample imagesWherein i is a sample serial number corresponding to the positive sample image; j is a characteristic serial number corresponding to the negative sample image;
step S224, calculating according to the formula (9) to obtain a minimum classification error rate, and recording a minimum threshold factor theta corresponding to the weak classifier;
in the current cascade classifier training algorithm, great attention is paid to the positive sample target. If some insulators have noise or shielding phenomena in the training process, the algorithm focuses on samples with difficult classification, so that the weight of the samples is increased exponentially. As the number of iterations increases, a phenomenon of degradation of the strong classifier may result.
In the embodiment, in the weight updating algorithm, an improved weak classifier training algorithm is called first, and a minimum threshold factor theta is found through continuous iteration of the algorithm according to a redefined minimum classification error rate; and then, limiting the rising condition of the weight index of the difficult sample through a new weight updating rule. By adopting a new weight updating rule, the training and identifying efficiency of the classifier is effectively improved.
In one embodiment, with the weight update rule of the improved cascade Gentle Adaboost classifier, by calculating the average weight m and the weight standard deviation, the weight of the sample will not increase when the sample weight is greater than 3.
As a further improvement of the above embodiment, the step S230 includes:
step S231, marking N sample images as (x)1,y1),…,(xn,yn) Wherein y isi∈{-1,1},yi1, denoted as insulator sample; y isiA non-insulator sample is denoted by-1.
Step S232, initializing sample weight by using an equation (10);
wi=1/N,i=1,...,N (10);
step S233, let J equal 1,2,3., J, where J represents the total number of iterations;
calling a weak classifier training algorithm to find out a weak classifier h with the minimum classification error from all weak classifiersj(xi) Corresponding to the minimization threshold factor θ, the weak classifier h is represented by equation (11)j(xi) The classification error of (2);
in the formula ofjIs the minimum classification error for the jth iteration; k is a constant number, 0<k<1;
Calculating the average weight of the round sample image by using the formula (13);
calculating a weight standard deviation by using the formula (14);
the weights of the sample image are updated using equation (15):
in the formula: alpha is alphajIs an intermediate variable; h isj(xi) The classifier corresponding to the jth iteration is represented; ziIs hj(xi) A normalization factor of the classifier; m is the training average weight;
normalization factor ZiCan be expressed as:
and (g) an output strong classifier g (x), as shown in formula (17):
the following are experiments performed according to the above-described embodiments of the present invention:
1100 positive sample images and 3100 negative sample images are selected as a current test data set, and 1000 positive sample images and 3000 negative sample images in the data set are used as a training set. In the experiment, the minimum hit rate of the strong classifier of each stage is set to be 99.5%, and the maximum false alarm rate is set to be 50%.
The relationship between the cascade layer number and the hit rate, and the relationship between the cascade layer number and the hit rate false alarm rate are shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6. In the training process, the hit rate of each stage of cascade classifier is not lower than 99%; and the false alarm rate is rapidly converged after the training layer number reaches 10, and when the training layer number is 20, the hit rate of the whole cascade classifier is 99.8%, and the false alarm rate is 7%.
In the embodiment, an improved cascade classifier model is trained, and 400 insulator images under different backgrounds are selected as a test set, wherein each image comprises a plurality of insulator targets. The test samples are all taken from the post insulators with different voltage grades on the spot, the statistics of the results are shown in table 1, in 400 test sets, the number of correct identification post insulators is 1118, and the correct identification rate reaches 91.2%.
Table 1 statistical table of test results
The method provided by this example is compared with several popular algorithms currently available, as shown in table 2. On the recognition accuracy under different backgrounds, the algorithm obtains better recognition results; while at recognition time, the recognition time of the algorithm herein is slightly slower than Y OLOv3 and slightly faster than FasterR-CNN.
TABLE 2 comparison of different algorithms
Corresponding to the method in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, where a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer program implements the steps of any one of the above methods for identifying an insulator in an infrared image.
Corresponding to the method in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a system for identifying an insulator in an infrared image, where the system includes:
at least one processor;
at least one memory for storing at least one program;
when the at least one program is executed by the at least one processor, the at least one processor is enabled to implement the method for identifying insulators in infrared images according to any one of the above embodiments.
The contents in the above method embodiments are all applicable to the present system embodiment, the functions specifically implemented by the present system embodiment are the same as those in the above method embodiment, and the beneficial effects achieved by the present system embodiment are also the same as those achieved by the above method embodiment.
The Processor may be a Central-Processing Unit (CPU), other general-purpose Processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application-Specific-Integrated-Circuit (ASIC), a Field-Programmable Gate array (FPGA) or other Programmable logic device, a discrete Gate or transistor logic device, a discrete hardware component, or the like. The general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like, said processor being the control centre for the insulator identification system in said infrared image, the various parts of the device being operable by the insulator identification system in the entire infrared image being connected by means of various interfaces and lines.
The memory may be configured to store the computer program and/or the module, and the processor may implement various functions of the identification system of the insulator in the infrared image by operating or executing the computer program and/or the module stored in the memory and calling data stored in the memory. The memory may mainly include a storage program area and a storage data area, wherein the storage program area may store an operating system, an application program required by at least one function (such as a sound playing function, an image playing function, etc.), and the like; the storage data area may store data (such as audio data, a phonebook, etc.) created according to the use of the cellular phone, and the like. In addition, the memory may include high speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as a hard disk, a memory, a plug-in hard disk, a Smart-Media-Card (SMC), a Secure-Digital (SD) Card, a Flash-memory Card (Flash-Card), at least one magnetic disk storage device, a Flash memory device, or other volatile solid state storage device.
While the description of the present application has been made in considerable detail and with particular reference to a few illustrated embodiments, it is not intended to be limited to any such details or embodiments or any particular embodiments, but it is to be construed that the present application effectively covers the intended scope of the application by reference to the appended claims, which are interpreted in view of the broad potential of the prior art. Further, the foregoing describes the present application in terms of embodiments foreseen by the inventor for which an enabling description was available, notwithstanding that insubstantial changes from the present application, not presently foreseen, may nonetheless represent equivalents thereto.
Claims (8)
1. A method for identifying an insulator in an infrared image is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s100, obtaining a sample image data set of the insulator, wherein the sample image data set of the insulator comprises a plurality of sample images; the sample image comprises a positive sample image and a negative sample image, and the sample image is obtained according to infrared image preprocessing of the insulator;
s200, constructing a weak classifier, and training the constructed weak classifier according to the sample image data set to obtain an improved cascade classifier model;
step S300, receiving an infrared image of the insulator to be detected, and predicting an insulator region in the infrared image of the insulator to be detected through an improved cascade classifier model.
2. The method for identifying the insulator in the infrared image according to claim 1, wherein the step S100 comprises:
step S110, acquiring an infrared image of the transformer substation, wherein the infrared image comprises an insulator;
step S120, unifying the pixels of the infrared image, and carrying out gray processing on the infrared image with unified pixels to convert the infrared image into a gray histogram;
step S130, carrying out equalization processing on the gray level histogram to obtain a final sample image;
step S140, determining the characteristic values of the sample images by using an integral graph method, and constructing a sample image data set according to the characteristic values of the sample images.
3. The method for identifying the insulator in the infrared image according to claim 2, wherein the step S200 comprises:
step S210, determining a weak classifier; the weak classifier adopts a cascade Gentle Adaboost classifier;
step S220, determining the minimum classification error rate of each level of classifier in the weak classifier, and searching the minimum threshold factor of the weak classifier according to the classification error rate of each level of classifier;
step S230, finding the minimum classification error rate from the minimum classification error rates of all weak classifiers, updating the weight of the sample image input into the weak classifier for training according to the minimum classification error, and outputting a strong classifier;
step S240, setting the minimum hit rate and the maximum false alarm rate of each stage of the strong classifier, training the cascaded strong classifiers, and obtaining an improved cascaded classifier model when the hit rate of each stage of the strong classifier reaches the minimum hit rate and the false alarm rate is lower than the maximum false alarm rate.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the weak classifier is defined by the following formula:
in the formula: f (x)i) For the region x to be detected in the sample imageiA feature calculation function of (a); theta is a minimization threshold factor set by the weak classifier; class value alpha1And alpha2Is in the absolute value of [0,1 ]]Between, the classification value alpha1And alpha2Is proportional to the confidence of the weak classifier.
5. The method for identifying insulators in infrared images as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step S220 includes:
step S221, let j equal to 1,2,3.., p, where p is the total number of features;
step S222, calculating the number of sample imagesSum of weights T of all insulator samples in data set+And the sum of the weights T of all non-insulator samples-;
Step S223, calculating the sum of the weights of all positive sample images before the sample iAnd sum of weights of all negative sample imagesWherein i is a sample serial number corresponding to the positive sample image; j is a characteristic serial number corresponding to the negative sample image;
step S224, calculating to obtain a minimum classification error rate according to the following formula, and simultaneously recording a minimum threshold factor theta corresponding to the weak classifier;
6. the method for identifying insulators in infrared images as claimed in claim 5, wherein the step S230 includes:
step S231, marking N sample images as (x)1,y1),…,(xn,yn) Wherein y isi∈{-1,1},yi1, denoted as insulator sample; y isiA non-insulator sample is denoted by-1.
Step S232, initializing sample weight by using the following formula;
wi=1/N,i=1,...,N;
step S233, let J equal 1,2,3., J, where J represents the total number of iterations;
calling a weak classifier training algorithm to find out a weak classifier h with the minimum classification error from all weak classifiersj(xi) The corresponding minimization threshold factor θ, which is expressed as the weak classifier h by the following formulaj(xi) The classification error of (2);
in the formula ofjIs the minimum classification error for the jth iteration; k is a constant number, 0<k<1;
Calculating the average weight of the sample images in the round by using the following formula;
calculating the standard deviation of the weight by using the following formula;
the weights of the sample images are updated using the following formula:
in the formula: alpha is alphajIs an intermediate variable; h isj(xi) The classifier corresponding to the jth iteration is represented; ziIs hj(xi) A normalization factor of the classifier; m is the training average weight;
normalization factor ZiCan be expressed as:
an output strong classifier G (x), wherein:
7. the utility model provides an identification device of insulator in infrared image which characterized in that includes:
at least one processor;
at least one memory for storing at least one program;
when the at least one program is executed by the at least one processor, the at least one program causes the at least one processor to implement the method for identifying insulators in infrared images according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium has stored thereon a computer program which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method for identifying insulators in infrared images as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6.
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