CN113779849A - Steel fiber concrete model construction method based on CT scanning - Google Patents
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- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T17/00—Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
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Abstract
The invention discloses a steel fiber concrete model construction method based on CT scanning, which specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, scanning a steel fiber concrete sample layer by adopting medical CT or industrial CT to obtain N steel fiber concrete slice CT scanning structural images; then, carrying out quaternization processing on the image, obtaining an integral two-dimensional segmentation structure image by an annular partition method and a region growing method, and superposing each integral two-dimensional segmentation structure image layer by layer to obtain an integral three-dimensional CT scanning structure image; and finally, carrying out three-dimensional reconstruction by adopting a three-dimensional visualization technology to obtain a steel fiber concrete CT scanning digital sample, importing the steel fiber concrete CT scanning digital sample into finite element software, and carrying out meshing and optimization on the steel fiber concrete CT scanning digital sample to obtain a steel fiber concrete CT scanning numerical analysis model. The invention realizes the three-dimensional visualization of the nondestructive testing of the steel fiber concrete by visually observing the internal structure of the steel fiber concrete material through three-dimensional reconstruction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of concrete CT image processing, in particular to a steel fiber concrete model construction method based on CT scanning.
Background
Concrete is one of the most applied materials in building construction, has obvious nonuniformity, and the essential characteristics of the concrete are difficult to accurately reveal by exploring the static and dynamic failure mechanism of the concrete under macroscopic conditions. Only through the comprehensive research from macro to micro, the damage rule can be correctly known. In fact, many factors influence the mechanical property of concrete, besides the test conditions, the strength characteristics of concrete are directly influenced by the concrete (such as the size, the dimension, the distribution, the properties, the content and the like of aggregate particles), and the different factors determine the complexity and the diversity of the mechanical property of concrete to some extent, so that the research on the damage rule of concrete is difficult.
At present, an X-ray CT test becomes a hot research subject of a microscopic fracture process of concrete and rock materials, and the biggest advantage of the X-ray CT test for observing the concrete damage evolution process is nondestructive detection performance and high resolution. Generally, the conventional CT image data analysis of the concrete damage rule is based on a direct image analysis method, that is, structural changes of the concrete after being stressed are analyzed through images, however, the method cannot directly and accurately judge whether the structural changes exist in the images, in addition, due to the scanning principle of a CT machine, the obtained CT image of the concrete is only a cross-section image, the image analysis cannot be directly performed after the concrete column is stressed, the recovery work from a two-dimensional image to a three-dimensional image must be completed if a real object is known through a two-dimensional tomographic image, and the CT image of the concrete needs to be subjected to three-dimensional reconstruction. However, the related research for obtaining the real microscopic structure model of the concrete through the three-dimensional reconstruction result is few.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a steel fiber concrete model construction method based on CT scanning, which comprises the following steps:
s1, scanning the steel fiber concrete sample layer by adopting medical CT or industrial CT to obtain N steel fiber concrete slice CT scanning structural images;
s2, carrying out quaternization processing on each steel fiber concrete slice CT scanning structure image;
s3, obtaining an integral two-dimensional segmentation structure image by the CT scanning structure image of the quadrified steel fiber concrete slice through an annular partition method and a region growing method;
s4, overlapping a plurality of integral two-dimensional segmentation structure images layer by layer to obtain an integral three-dimensional CT scanning structure image;
s5, performing three-dimensional reconstruction on the three-dimensional CT scanning structural image by adopting a three-dimensional visualization technology to obtain a steel fiber concrete CT scanning digital sample;
and S6, importing the steel fiber concrete CT scanning digital sample into finite element software, and carrying out grid division and optimization on the finite element software to obtain a steel fiber concrete CT scanning numerical analysis model.
Preferably, the S1 includes:
s1.1, preparing a steel fiber concrete sample;
s1.2, parameter setting is carried out on medical CT or industrial CT, and the method comprises the following steps: image size, resolution and scan thickness;
s1.3, scanning the steel fiber concrete sample layer by adopting the CT after parameter setting is finished, and obtaining N steel fiber concrete slice CT scanning structural images with the same image size, resolution and scanning thickness.
Preferably, the industrial CT uses AX-3000CT of Oslo ALWAYS IMAGING.
Preferably, the S2 includes:
s2.1, adjusting the step position of each pixel of the CT scanning structure image of the steel fiber concrete slice according to the resolution set in the S1.1 so as to meet the requirement of reproducing the heterogeneity of the steel fiber concrete material;
s2.2, dividing the adjusted step of each pixel into four types according to the pore, mortar, aggregate and steel fiber to obtain a four-valued steel fiber concrete slice CT scanning structure image;
s2.3, reducing the brightness of the edge aggregate of the four-valued steel fiber concrete slice CT scanning structure image, carrying out grid division on an edge area, and setting a threshold value in the grid area;
s2.4, if the difference between the edge aggregate and the steel fiber is larger than the threshold value, taking the material in the grid area as the aggregate; otherwise, the material in the grid area is edge aggregate.
Preferably, the S2 further includes:
and carrying out image enhancement technology on the steel fiber concrete slice CT scanning structure image after the quaternization, wherein the image enhancement technology comprises gray level correction, contrast improvement and noise filtering.
Preferably, the S3 includes:
s3.1, dividing the four-valued steel fiber concrete slice CT scanning structure image into a plurality of circular rings by adopting an annular partition method;
s3.2, extracting the CT number of the steel fiber, the aggregate, the mortar or the pore of each ring by adopting a region growing method;
and S3.3, splicing each ring by adopting a splicing technology to obtain an integral two-dimensional segmentation structure image.
Preferably, the rings are overlapped, continuous and non-overlapped.
Preferably, the S6 includes:
s6.1, carrying out three-dimensional reconstruction on the extracted CT numerical values of the steel fibers, the aggregates, the mortar or the pores through a three-dimensional visualization technology to obtain a CT scanning digital sample of the steel fiber concrete, introducing the CT scanning digital sample into finite element software, and carrying out meshing on the CT scanning digital sample to obtain a primary CT scanning numerical analysis model of the steel fiber concrete after meshing;
s6.2, carrying out hollow hole filling and smoothing treatment on the steel fiber concrete CT scanning numerical analysis preliminary model;
s6.3, automatically optimizing the quality of the generated grids, reducing the number of the grids while maintaining the quality of the automatic grid optimization, and deleting cavities or filling the deleted cavities;
and S6.4, repeating the steps of S6.1-S6.3, adjusting the grid characters, reducing the number of grids until the grid division requirements of the finite elements are met, and obtaining the steel fiber concrete CT scanning numerical analysis model.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
according to the invention, the steel fiber concrete sample is scanned and analyzed layer by layer through the CT machine, and the internal material structure is extracted by adopting an annular regional division method and a regional growth method, so that the interference of test conditions and various factors of the steel fiber concrete is overcome, and various materials in the steel fiber concrete are extracted more accurately; and performing three-dimensional reconstruction by adopting a three-dimensional visualization technology to obtain a steel fiber concrete CT scanning digital sample, introducing the steel fiber concrete CT scanning digital sample into finite element software, and performing grid division and optimization on the finite element software to obtain a steel fiber concrete CT scanning numerical analysis model, so that an operator can visually observe the internal structure of a steel fiber concrete material, and the three-dimensional visualization of the steel fiber concrete nondestructive testing is realized.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a steel fiber concrete model construction method based on CT scanning, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, scanning the steel fiber concrete sample layer by adopting medical CT or industrial CT to obtain N steel fiber concrete slice CT scanning structural images;
firstly, preparing a cylindrical steel fiber concrete sample with the diameter of 100mm and the height of 200 mm; then, parameter setting (image size, resolution and scanning thickness) is carried out on the industrial CT or the medical CT; and finally, after the parameters are set, scanning the prepared steel fiber concrete sample layer by layer according to the set parameters to obtain N steel fiber concrete slice CT scanning structural images with the same image size, resolution and scanning thickness.
The AX-3000CT type CT system adopting the Olympic ALWAYS IMAGING is a universal micro-focus CT system, has small floor area and very high scanning precision, can select the combination of various ray sources and detectors, can clearly, accurately and intuitively display the internal structure, the composition, the material and the defect condition of a detected object in the form of a two-dimensional sectional image or a three-dimensional stereo image under the condition of no damage to the detected object, and compared with the traditional CT machine, the AX-3000CT type CT machine has longer scanning time, higher scanning power, stronger penetrating power, higher scanning precision and more convenient transmission and storage of image data, and is more suitable for the internal structure research of concrete.
S2, carrying out quaternization treatment on each steel fiber concrete slice CT scanning structure image, and carrying out image enhancement on the steel fiber concrete slice CT scanning structure image subjected to quaternization treatment;
the steel fiber concrete slice CT scanning structure images are stored according to DICOM (digital Imaging and Communication in medicine) standards, the size of the images is 768 × 776, the resolution is 512 × 512, the scanning thickness is 0.13mm, and the following description is given by taking a single steel fiber concrete slice CT scanning structure image as follows:
the CT number of a substance essentially reflects the density of the substance, namely, the higher the CT number of the substance is, the higher the density is, the higher the brightness is on an image, and the image approaches to white; the lower the CT number of the substance, the lower the density, and the lower the brightness on the image, and the closer to black. The invention adjusts the step position of each pixel according to the set resolution ratio so as to meet the requirement of reproducing the heterogeneity of the steel fiber concrete material. And classifying the adjusted steps into four types according to the pores, the mortar, the aggregate and the steel fibers to obtain a four-valued CT scanning structure image of the steel fiber concrete slice. Since the DICOM standard storage format is 512 × 512 × 4000, that is, the horizontal axis of the screen is divided into 512 dots, and the vertical axis is divided into 512 dots, the total number of 262144 pixels is on the whole screen, and since the CT number is stored in 12-bit number, each pixel can display about 4000 steps. Determining the part with the CT number range of 0-1100 as a pore, determining the part with the CT number range of 1100-3000 as mortar, determining the part with the CT number range of 3000-3800 as aggregate, and determining the part with the CT number range of 3800-4000 as steel fiber.
Theoretically, the brightness of the material is different for different CT numbers. Among them, the highest of steel fiber, coarse aggregate is second, cement mortar is second, the lowest of pore, can distinguish multiple materials through setting up the threshold value of different luminance, and this kind just through the differentiation result of CT number still has the deviation with true mesoscopic structure, this mainly has two reasons to cause: on one hand, the absorption coefficient of the substance to the X-ray is related to the energy of the X-ray passing through the substance besides the density of the substance, and the lower the energy of the X-ray is, the higher the absorption coefficient of the substance is, so that the CT number is influenced by the energy of the X-ray generated by the CT machine to a certain extent; on the other hand, the mortar contains many small particles with density close to that of the coarse aggregate, and thus causes a lot of image noise.
Therefore, the brightness of the edge aggregate is reduced, so that the edge aggregate and the steel fiber are better distinguished in brightness, the edge area is subjected to grid division, a threshold value in the grid area is set, and if the difference of the CT numbers of the edge aggregate and the steel fiber is greater than the threshold value, the material in the area is the aggregate; if the difference in CT numbers of the edge aggregate and the steel fiber is less than the threshold, then the material in the region is edge aggregate. And (3) carrying out image enhancement technology including but not limited to gray level correction, contrast improvement and noise filtering, so that the image is integrally brightened, the decomposition between the steel fiber concrete materials is clearer, and the characteristic of uneven gray level of the image is more prominent.
S3, annularly partitioning the enhanced image, respectively extracting steel fibers, aggregates, mortar or CT (computed tomography) numbers of pores in a plurality of partitioned circular ring regions by adopting a region growing method, and splicing the plurality of circular rings by adopting a splicing technology to obtain an integral two-dimensional segmentation structure image;
the basic principle of the region growing method is to merge pixels with similar properties together. And (3) designating a seed point as a starting point for growth for each region, comparing pixel points in the field around the seed point with the seed points, merging the points with similar properties to continue to grow outwards until pixels which do not meet the conditions are included, and extracting pixel points, namely CT numbers, of all materials in the steel fiber concrete.
Because the gray distribution in the image presents uneven characteristics (dark in the middle and bright at the periphery), the image can not be directly extracted by the area growth method, the invention adopts an annular zoning method to divide the characteristic into a plurality of rings, and respectively adopts the area growth method to extract the CT number of steel fiber, aggregate, mortar or holes for each ring, thereby solving the problems that the gray distribution of the dark in the middle and bright at the periphery is uneven and the gray map has no obvious double peaks, and leading the extraction effect to be better. Wherein, the plurality of ring areas after being partitioned are overlapped, continuous and non-overlapped.
S4, overlapping the two-dimensional segmentation structure images layer by layer to obtain an integral three-dimensional CT scanning structure image;
s5, based on volume rendering, performing three-dimensional reconstruction on the three-dimensional CT scanning structural image by adopting a three-dimensional visualization technology to obtain a steel fiber concrete CT scanning digital sample;
and S6, importing the steel fiber concrete CT scanning digital sample into finite element software, and carrying out grid division and optimization on the finite element software to obtain a steel fiber concrete CT scanning numerical analysis model.
And (3) carrying out three-dimensional reconstruction on the extracted steel fiber, aggregate, mortar or pore CT numerical values through a three-dimensional visualization technology to obtain a steel fiber concrete CT scanning digital sample, introducing the steel fiber concrete CT scanning digital sample into finite element software, and carrying out meshing on the finite element software to obtain a steel fiber concrete CT scanning numerical analysis preliminary model after meshing. The surface of the steel fiber concrete CT scanning numerical analysis preliminary model has hollow burrs, the thickness of the grid on the surface is uneven, the number of units is overlarge, and the subsequent computer operation requirements are not facilitated, so that hollow holes need to be filled and smooth processing needs to be carried out on the steel fiber concrete CT scanning numerical analysis preliminary model, and the detail influence is reduced. And automatically optimizing the quality of the generated grid, reducing the quantity of the grid while maintaining the quality of the automatic grid optimization, deleting the holes or filling the deleted holes, repeating the steps for a plurality of times, adjusting the properties of the grid, and reducing the quantity of the grid until the grid meets the grid division requirement of the finite element, thereby obtaining the CT scanning numerical analysis model of the steel fiber concrete.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A steel fiber concrete model construction method based on CT scanning is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, scanning the steel fiber concrete sample layer by adopting medical CT or industrial CT to obtain N steel fiber concrete slice CT scanning structural images;
s2, carrying out quaternization processing on each steel fiber concrete slice CT scanning structure image;
s3, obtaining an integral two-dimensional segmentation structure image by the CT scanning structure image of the quadrified steel fiber concrete slice through an annular partition method and a region growing method;
s4, overlapping a plurality of integral two-dimensional segmentation structure images layer by layer to obtain an integral three-dimensional CT scanning structure image;
s5, performing three-dimensional reconstruction on the three-dimensional CT scanning structural image by adopting a three-dimensional visualization technology to obtain a steel fiber concrete CT scanning digital sample;
and S6, importing the steel fiber concrete CT scanning digital sample into finite element software, and carrying out grid division and optimization on the finite element software to obtain a steel fiber concrete CT scanning numerical analysis model.
2. The steel fiber concrete model construction method based on CT scanning of claim 1, wherein the S1 includes:
s1.1, preparing a steel fiber concrete sample;
s1.2, parameter setting is carried out on medical CT or industrial CT, and the method comprises the following steps: image size, resolution and scan thickness;
s1.3, scanning the steel fiber concrete sample layer by adopting the CT after parameter setting is finished, and obtaining N steel fiber concrete slice CT scanning structural images with the same image size, resolution and scanning thickness.
3. The method for constructing a steel fiber concrete model based on CT scanning according to claim 1, wherein the industrial CT uses AX-3000CT of Olympic ALWAYSIMAGING.
4. The steel fiber concrete model construction method based on CT scanning of claim 2, wherein the S2 includes:
s2.1, adjusting the step position of each pixel of the CT scanning structure image of the steel fiber concrete slice according to the resolution set in the S1.1 so as to meet the requirement of reproducing the heterogeneity of the steel fiber concrete material;
s2.2, dividing the adjusted step of each pixel into four types according to the pore, mortar, aggregate and steel fiber to obtain a four-valued steel fiber concrete slice CT scanning structure image;
s2.3, reducing the brightness of the edge aggregate of the four-valued steel fiber concrete slice CT scanning structure image, carrying out grid division on an edge area, and setting a threshold value in the grid area;
s2.4, if the difference between the edge aggregate and the steel fiber is larger than the threshold value, taking the material in the grid area as the aggregate; otherwise, the material in the grid area is edge aggregate.
5. The steel fiber concrete model construction method based on CT scanning of claim 4, wherein the S2 further comprises:
and carrying out image enhancement technology on the steel fiber concrete slice CT scanning structure image after the quaternization, wherein the image enhancement technology comprises gray level correction, contrast improvement and noise filtering.
6. The steel fiber concrete model construction method based on CT scanning of claim 1, wherein the S3 includes:
s3.1, dividing the four-valued steel fiber concrete slice CT scanning structure image into a plurality of circular rings by adopting an annular partition method;
s3.2, extracting the CT number of the steel fiber, the aggregate, the mortar or the pore of each ring by adopting a region growing method;
and S3.3, splicing each ring by adopting a splicing technology to obtain an integral two-dimensional segmentation structure image.
7. The method for constructing the steel fiber concrete model based on the CT scan according to claim 6, wherein the rings are overlapped, continuous and non-overlapped.
8. The steel fiber concrete model construction method based on CT scanning of claim 6, wherein the S6 includes:
s6.1, carrying out three-dimensional reconstruction on the extracted CT numerical values of the steel fibers, the aggregates, the mortar or the pores through a three-dimensional visualization technology to obtain a CT scanning digital sample of the steel fiber concrete, introducing the CT scanning digital sample into finite element software, and carrying out meshing on the CT scanning digital sample to obtain a primary CT scanning numerical analysis model of the steel fiber concrete after meshing;
s6.2, carrying out hollow hole filling and smoothing treatment on the steel fiber concrete CT scanning numerical analysis preliminary model;
s6.3, automatically optimizing the quality of the generated grids, reducing the number of the grids while maintaining the quality of the automatic grid optimization, and deleting cavities or filling the deleted cavities;
and S6.4, repeating the steps of S6.1-S6.3, adjusting the grid characters, reducing the number of grids until the grid division requirements of the finite elements are met, and obtaining the steel fiber concrete CT scanning numerical analysis model.
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