CN113779698A - Simplified design method of ship mooring system under water flow action - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simplified design method of a ship mooring system under the action of water flow, which comprises the following steps: establishing a mooring ship system model; simplifying a mooring ship system model, canceling the arrangement of mooring cables of a mooring ship, and performing different constraint settings on six degrees of freedom of the mooring ship to obtain a corresponding simplified ship system; according to the difference of the water flow direction angles, the ship mooring system parameter calculation is carried out according to simplified ship systems arranged in different constraints, and according to the difference of the water flow direction angles along the ship draft, parameter calculation is carried out on approximate values of the water flow direction angles. According to the invention, through the optimized design of the ship mooring system, the complicated modeling and verification processes in the mooring research process of the mooring ship are simplified, the calculation method of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the mooring ship under the action of complex water flow is supplemented, and the mooring research efficiency of the mooring ship is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ship mooring, in particular to a simplified design method of a ship mooring system under the action of water flow.
Background
When the loads of wind, wave, flow and the like on the mooring ship are large, the mooring ship can move violently, so that the mooring safety of the mooring ship is seriously threatened, even safety accidents such as cable breakage and the like can occur, and immeasurable property loss and casualties can be caused in serious conditions. Therefore, the mooring safety of the mooring ship is the basic guarantee of normal operation of the port, and the design, optimization and other research works of ship mooring schemes under different environmental loads become very important for ensuring the mooring safety of the mooring ship.
During the design and optimization of the vessel mooring scheme, a large number of numerical simulations and experimental verifications are required. During numerical modeling, a specific mooring scheme depends on the stress condition of a mooring ship, when the external environmental condition changes, the hydrodynamic characteristics of the mooring ship change, the mooring scheme also needs to be designed and adjusted again, optimization work of mooring ropes at different positions is very complicated, and the overall efficiency of ship mooring research work needs to be improved. In addition, as port engineering construction in China gradually moves to deep sea and far sea, open wharfs are gradually increased, and water flow conditions in certain wharf mooring areas are very complicated, which is particularly shown in that when the water flow direction changes along the water depth, the mooring safety of the moored ship is adversely affected. Under the complex water flow condition, the hydrodynamic characteristics of the mooring ship are not clear, and the numerical modeling also needs a great deal of work, thereby bringing great difficulty to the design research of the ship mooring scheme.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a simplified design method of a ship mooring system under the action of water flow, which improves and optimizes the complicated modeling and verification process in mooring research of a mooring ship and solves the problem of low efficiency of the conventional mooring research method of the mooring ship.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention discloses the following technical scheme:
a simplified design method of a ship mooring system under the action of water flow comprises the following steps:
establishing a mooring ship system model;
simplifying a mooring ship system model, canceling the arrangement of mooring cables of a mooring ship, and performing different constraint settings on six degrees of freedom of the mooring ship to obtain a corresponding simplified ship system;
according to the difference of the water flow direction angles, the ship mooring system parameter calculation is carried out according to simplified ship systems arranged in different constraints, and according to the difference of the water flow direction angles along the ship draft, parameter calculation is carried out on approximate values of the water flow direction angles.
Based on the above scheme, preferably, the performing different constraint settings on six degrees of freedom of the moored ship to obtain a corresponding simplified ship system includes:
constraining the degrees of freedom of the moored ship in the directions of swaying, surging and yawing to obtain a constrained ship system;
and (4) restraining all six degrees of freedom of the mooring ship in the restraining ship system to obtain the fixed ship system.
Further, the calculating of the parameters of the mooring system by the simplified ship system according to different constraints and according to the difference of the flow direction angles of the water flow comprises:
for water flow with a flow direction angle smaller than or equal to beta and under the conventional shore-following mooring condition, calculating the value of the ship hydrodynamic coefficient according to the hydrodynamic coefficient of a fixed ship system;
and for the water flow with the flow direction angle larger than or equal to beta and under the conventional shore-following mooring condition, the ship hydrodynamic coefficient is calculated and taken according to the hydrodynamic coefficient of the constraint ship system.
According to the difference of the flow direction angle of the water flow, the method carries out the parameter calculation of the mooring system according to simplified ship systems set by different constraints, and also comprises the following steps:
for water flows with different flow direction angles and under the conventional offshore mooring condition, calculating values of the pitch and heave of the ship according to the pitch and heave of the constraint ship system;
and for water flow with the flow direction angle less than or equal to beta and under the conventional offshore mooring condition, the rolling of the ship is calculated according to the pitching and heaving of the constraint ship system.
Preferably, the flow direction angle β is 30 °
Further, according to the difference of the current flow direction angle along the ship draft, parameter calculation is performed on the approximate value of the current flow direction angle, and the parameter calculation method comprises the following steps:
calculating the values of the hydrodynamic coefficient, the motion response and the mooring force of the ship according to the water flow with the flow angle beta 1 under the conditions that the flow direction angle is changed from a positive incoming flow direction to a transverse incoming flow direction along the draught of the ship and the conventional shore-alongside mooring condition;
and calculating the values of the hydrodynamic coefficient, the motion response and the mooring force of the ship according to the water flow with the flow angle beta 2 under the conditions that the flow direction angle is changed from the transverse inflow direction to the longitudinal inflow direction along the draught of the ship and the conventional shore-alongside mooring condition.
Preferably, the flow direction angle β 1 is 60 ° and β 2 is 15 °.
Further, before establishing the mooring ship system model, the method further comprises the following steps:
firstly, establishing a geometric model of a mooring ship;
then establishing a physical model of a mooring ship flow field;
and then establishing a grid model of a flow field calculation domain of the moored ship.
The effect provided in the summary of the invention is only the effect of the embodiment, not all the effects of the invention, and one of the above technical solutions has the following advantages or beneficial effects:
the simplified design method of the ship mooring system under the action of the water flow comprises a simplified calculation method of the mooring ship hydrodynamic coefficient and the motion response under the action of different flow direction water flow conditions and simplified calculation methods of the mooring ship hydrodynamic coefficient, the motion response and the mooring line force under the complex water flow conditions with rotation and two flow directions changing along the water depth. The hydrodynamic characteristics of the mooring ship under the action of water flows in different flow directions can be approximately valued according to a simplified model of the system, and the hydrodynamic characteristics of the mooring ship under the action of the rotating complex water flows can be approximately valued according to the water flow condition in a single flow direction. Through the optimized design, the method simplifies the complicated modeling and verification process in the mooring research process of the mooring ship, supplements the calculation method of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the mooring ship under the action of complex water flow, and improves the mooring research efficiency of the mooring ship.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a coordinate system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a simplified design of a mooring system for a vessel under the action of water flow according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a conventional feathered mooring scheme employed in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the water flow of the present invention with the direction of flow varying along the draft of the vessel;
FIG. 5 is a comparison of hydrodynamic coefficients of a fixed vessel system, a constrained vessel system and a moored vessel system at different flow angles of the present invention, wherein FIG. 5a is a longitudinal force coefficient CxThe variation curve with the flow rate Fr of the water flow, and the transverse force coefficient C is shown in FIG. 5byThe variation curve along with the flow velocity Fr of the water flow, and the figure 5C is the heading moment coefficient CNA change curve along with the flow rate Fr of the water flow;
FIG. 6 is a comparison graph of the motion response of a constrained vessel system and a moored vessel system at different flow angles of the present invention, wherein FIG. 6a is a plot of heave with flow rate Fr, FIG. 6b is a plot of pitch with flow rate Fr, and FIG. 6c is a plot of roll with flow rate Fr;
FIG. 7 is a graph comparing the hydrodynamic coefficient of a moored vessel system with a 60 DEG current flow condition for a current condition wherein the flow angle changes from the forward draft to the lateral inflow direction, and a 15 DEG current flow condition wherein the flow angle changes from the lateral draft to the forward inflow direction, according to the present invention, wherein FIG. 7a is a graph comparing the hydrodynamic coefficient of a moored vessel system with a current flow condition wherein the flow angle changes from the lateral draft to the forward inflow direction, and wherein FIG. 7a is a lateral coefficient of force CxThe change curve along with the flow rate Fr of the water flow, and FIG. 7b shows the longitudinal force coefficient CyThe change curve along with the flow velocity Fr of the water flow, and the figure 7C shows the coefficient of the heading moment CNA change curve along with the flow rate Fr of the water flow;
fig. 8 is a graph comparing a motion response of a mooring system with a 60 ° current flow mooring system under a current condition in which a flow direction angle changes from a forward direction to a lateral inflow direction along a draught of a vessel, and a graph comparing a motion response of a mooring system with a 15 ° current flow mooring system under a current condition in which a flow direction angle changes from a lateral direction to a forward inflow direction along a draught of a vessel, wherein fig. 8a is a variation curve of a heave flow velocity Fr, fig. 8b is a variation curve of a pitch flow velocity Fr, and fig. 8c is a variation curve of a roll flow velocity Fr.
Fig. 9 is a graph comparing mooring line forces at each position of the mooring system to the mooring system under current conditions where the flow angle is shifted from forward to transverse incoming flow along the draft of the vessel, and mooring line forces at each position of the mooring system to the mooring system under current conditions where the flow angle is shifted from transverse to forward incoming flow along the draft of the vessel, and 15 deg. current conditions.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiment of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The ship of this embodiment selects the ship model parameters of the kcs (kriso Container ship), as shown in table 1. Coordinate system referring to fig. 1, the implementation is implemented using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software STAR-CCM +.
TABLE 1 Ship type parameters
| Real ship | Ship model | |
| Length between vertical lines Lpp(m) | 230.0 | 7.278 |
| Type width B (m) | 32.20 | 1.079 |
| Deep type D (m) | 19.00 | 0.6013 |
| Draft T (m) | 10.80 | 0.3418 |
| Wet surface area A (m)2) | 9424 | 9.4379 |
| Square coefficient of | 0.6505 | 0.6505 |
| Scale | / | 31.6 |
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a simplified design method of a vessel mooring system under the action of water flow according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 2, the method of the present embodiment includes the following steps:
s1, establishing a geometric model of the mooring ship;
in the step, firstly, a ship model is led into CFD software STAR-CCM +, an external flow field space is established, then the external flow field and the ship model are integrated to form a complete calculation domain, then, each surface of the calculation domain is divided, and boundary types are set.
S2, establishing a physical model of the flow field of the moored ship;
specifically, the physical model is selected according to factors which are mainly considered in the simulation, the main physical models in the embodiment include an euler multiphase flow model, a vof (volume of fluid) model, a readable k-epsilon turbulence model, a gravity model and the like, and then the physical model of the flow field of the mooring ship is established based on the models.
S3, establishing a grid model of a flow field calculation domain of the moored ship;
the method comprises the steps of applying a cutting body grid technology and an overlapping grid technology, generating a basic grid by using an automatic grid module in CFD software STAR-CCM +, and carrying out grid encryption on the periphery of a ship body and the free liquid level by using a self-defined grid module in the CFD software STAR-CCM +.
S4, establishing a mooring ship system model;
in the step, firstly, a KCS ship is set to be a six-degree-of-freedom Body by using a DFBI (dynamic Fluid Body interaction) module in CFD software STAR-CCM +, the KCS ship can move in the six-degree-of-freedom direction, then the KCS ship is arranged in a mooring manner, and the mooring scheme adopts a conventional shore-following manner, as shown in FIG. 3, the KCS ship is set to comprise two bow cables 10, two bow cables 11, three bow cross cables 12, two bow backstays 13, two stern cables 20, two stern cables 21, three stern cross cables 22 and two stern backstays 23, so that a numerical model of the mooring ship system is obtained.
S5, establishing a simplified model of the mooring system;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the water flow of the present embodiment, the flow direction of which varies along the draught of the ship. When the current conditions are conventional, the motion response of the vessel under the constraint of the optimal mooring line mode is almost negligible, so that the mooring system in the condition can be simplified as follows: and (4) restraining the six degrees of freedom of the mooring ship, and neglecting the influence of the mooring rope to obtain the fixed ship system. When the water flow condition is extreme, the motion response of the moored ship is large, and the influence of the transverse oscillation, longitudinal oscillation and yawing of the ship on the stability safety of the moored ship is small relative to the transverse oscillation, longitudinal oscillation and heaving, so that the mooring system under the condition can be simplified as follows: and (3) constraining the degrees of freedom of the moored ship in the directions of swaying, surging and yawing, and neglecting the influence of the mooring rope to obtain a ship system constrained by partial degrees of freedom, namely a constrained ship system for short.
S6, defining initial conditions and boundary conditions of a flow field of the moored ship;
in the step, initial conditions and boundary conditions of the numerical model are set according to actual engineering requirements, and water flow conditions of different flow direction angles and water flow conditions of the flow direction angles changing along the draught of the ship are simulated.
S7, calculating and analyzing data;
a Solution module in CFD software STAR-CCM + carries out implicit unsteady state calculation on the model, and a Report module carries out data monitoring and extraction, wherein specific data comprise parameters such as ship hydrodynamic force (such as transverse force, longitudinal force and yawing moment), ship motion response (such as rolling, pitching and heaving) and mooring force.
Aiming at the action of water flow in different flow directions, the simplified numerical model for calculating the hydrodynamic coefficient of the mooring ship is as follows: for the water flow condition with the flow direction angle less than or equal to 30 degrees and the conventional shore-following mooring scheme, calculating the value of the ship hydrodynamic coefficient according to the hydrodynamic coefficient of the fixed ship system; and for the water flow condition with the flow direction angle of more than or equal to 30 degrees and the conventional shore-following mooring scheme, the value of the ship hydrodynamic coefficient is calculated according to the hydrodynamic coefficient of the constraint ship system.
Aiming at the action of water flow in different flow directions, the simplified calculation numerical model of the motion response of the mooring ship is as follows: for water flow conditions with different flow direction angles and under a conventional offshore mooring scheme, calculating values of pitching and heaving of the ship according to pitching and heaving of a constraint ship system; and for the water flow condition with the flow direction angle of less than or equal to 30 degrees and the conventional offshore mooring scheme, the rolling of the ship is calculated according to the pitching and heaving of the constraint ship system.
And calculating the values of the hydrodynamic coefficient, the motion response and the mooring force of the ship according to the water flow with the water flow direction angle of 60 degrees under the water flow condition that the flow direction angle is changed from the positive incoming flow direction to the transverse incoming flow direction along the draught depth of the ship and the conventional shore-following mooring scheme.
And calculating the values of the hydrodynamic coefficient, the motion response and the mooring force of the ship according to the water flow with the water flow direction angle of 15 degrees under the water flow condition that the flow direction angle is changed from the transverse incoming flow direction to the longitudinal incoming flow direction along the draught depth of the ship and the conventional shore-following mooring scheme.
Based on the method, for the water flow conditions with different flow direction angles β, the hydrodynamic coefficient comparison graphs of the fixed ship system, the constrained ship system and the mooring ship system in the simplified model of the mooring ship system are obtained as shown in fig. 5a, 5b and 5 c. Wherein FIG. 5a shows the longitudinal force coefficient CxA change curve along with the flow rate Fr of the water flow; FIG. 5b shows the transverse force coefficient CyA change curve along with the flow rate Fr of the water flow; FIG. 5C shows the coefficient of yawing moment CNThe variation curve with the water flow rate Fr.
The motion response comparison graphs of the constrained ship system and the mooring ship system in the simplified model of the mooring ship system under the water flow conditions with different flow direction angles beta are shown in fig. 6a, 6b and 6 c. Wherein, FIG. 6a is a variation curve of the heave with the water flow rate Fr; FIG. 6b is a graph showing the change in pitch with water flow rate Fr; fig. 6c is a graph showing the change of the roll with the flow rate Fr of the water flow.
A comparison of hydrodynamic coefficients of the mooring system with parameters of the mooring system under water conditions with an angle of flow of 60 ° for water conditions with an angle of flow beta transitioning from a forward inflow to a lateral inflow along the draught of the vessel, and with parameters of the mooring system under water conditions with an angle of flow of 15 ° for water conditions with an angle of flow transitioning from a lateral inflow to a forward inflow along the draught of the vessel, as shown in fig. 7a, 7b, and 7C, where fig. 7a is a lateral coefficient of force CxA change curve along with the flow rate Fr of the water flow; FIG. 7b shows the longitudinal force coefficient CyA change curve along with the flow rate Fr of the water flow; FIG. 7C shows the coefficient of yawing moment CNThe variation curve with the water flow rate Fr.
A comparison graph of the motion response of the mooring ship system with the parameters of the mooring ship system under the condition that the flow direction angle beta is changed from a forward incoming flow to a transverse incoming flow along the draught of the ship and the parameters of the mooring ship system under the condition that the flow direction angle beta is changed from a transverse incoming flow to a forward incoming flow along the draught of the ship, and a comparison graph of the motion response of the mooring ship system with the parameters of the mooring ship system under the condition that the flow direction angle is changed from a transverse incoming flow to a forward incoming flow along the draught of the ship and the parameters of the mooring ship system under the condition that the flow direction angle is changed from a transverse incoming flow to a forward incoming flow along the draught of the ship are shown in FIGS. 8a, 8b and 8c, wherein FIG. 8a is a change curve of heave along with the flow velocity Fr of the water flow; FIG. 8b is a graph showing the change in pitch with water flow rate Fr; fig. 8c is a graph showing the change of the roll with the flow rate Fr of the water flow.
A comparison graph of mooring force at each position of the mooring system with mooring system parameters under a current condition in which the flow direction angle β changes from a forward incoming flow to a transverse incoming flow along the draught of the vessel, and a comparison graph of mooring force at each position of the mooring system with mooring system parameters under a current condition in which the flow direction angle changes from a transverse incoming flow to a forward incoming flow along the draught of the vessel, with mooring system parameters under a current condition in which the flow direction angle changes from a transverse incoming flow to a forward incoming flow, is shown in fig. 9, where fig. 9 is a change curve of mooring force at each position with current flow rate Fr.
In conclusion, the ship mooring system under the action of water flow simplifies the design method, reasonably improves and optimizes the ship mooring scheme, verifies the accuracy through numerical simulation and test, and improves the efficiency of ship mooring research work.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that any modification, improvement and equivalent substitution made without departing from the principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A simplified design method of a ship mooring system under the action of water flow is characterized by comprising the following steps:
establishing a mooring ship system model;
simplifying a mooring ship system model, canceling the arrangement of mooring cables of a mooring ship, and performing different constraint settings on six degrees of freedom of the mooring ship to obtain a corresponding simplified ship system;
according to the difference of the water flow direction angles, the ship mooring system parameter calculation is carried out according to simplified ship systems arranged in different constraints, and according to the difference of the water flow direction angles along the ship draft, parameter calculation is carried out on approximate values of the water flow direction angles.
2. The simplified design method of a ship mooring system under the action of water flow as claimed in claim 1, wherein different constraint settings are performed on six degrees of freedom of a mooring ship to obtain a corresponding simplified ship system, comprising:
constraining the degrees of freedom of the moored ship in the directions of swaying, surging and yawing to obtain a constrained ship system;
and (4) restraining all six degrees of freedom of the mooring ship in the restraining ship system to obtain the fixed ship system.
3. The simplified design method of a ship mooring system under the action of water flow as claimed in claim 2, wherein the calculation of parameters of the mooring system by the simplified ship system according to different constraints is performed according to different flow direction angles of water flow, and comprises the following steps:
for water flow with a flow direction angle smaller than or equal to beta and under the conventional shore-following mooring condition, calculating the value of the ship hydrodynamic coefficient according to the hydrodynamic coefficient of a fixed ship system;
and for the water flow with the flow direction angle larger than or equal to beta and under the conventional shore-following mooring condition, the ship hydrodynamic coefficient is calculated and taken according to the hydrodynamic coefficient of the constraint ship system.
4. A simplified design method for a vessel mooring system under water flow as claimed in claim 3, further comprising:
for water flows with different flow direction angles and under the conventional offshore mooring condition, calculating values of the pitch and heave of the ship according to the pitch and heave of the constraint ship system;
and for water flow with the flow direction angle less than or equal to beta and under the conventional offshore mooring condition, the rolling of the ship is calculated according to the pitching and heaving of the constraint ship system.
5. A simplified design method of a vessel mooring system under water flow as claimed in any one of claims 3 or 4, wherein the flow direction angle β is 30 °.
6. The simplified design method of a ship mooring system under the action of water flow according to claim 1, characterized in that parameter calculation is performed on the approximate value of the water flow angle according to the difference of the water flow angle along the draught of the ship, and comprises the following steps:
calculating values of hydrodynamic coefficients, motion response and mooring line force of the ship according to the flow angle beta 1 under the conditions that the flow angle is changed from a positive inflow direction to a transverse water flow along the ship draft depth and the conventional shore-alongside mooring condition;
and calculating values of hydrodynamic coefficients, motion response and mooring force of the ship according to the flow angle beta 2 under the conditions that the flow angle is changed from a transverse inflow direction to a longitudinal water flow along the draught of the ship and the conventional shore-alongside mooring condition.
7. The simplified design method of a ship mooring system under the action of water flow as claimed in claim 6, wherein the flow direction angle β 1 is 60 ° and β 2 is 15 °.
8. The simplified design method of a ship mooring system under water flow as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the following steps before establishing the mooring ship system model:
firstly, establishing a geometric model of a mooring ship;
then establishing a physical model of a mooring ship flow field;
and then establishing a grid model of a flow field calculation domain of the moored ship.
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