CN113779695B - Propeller propulsion performance acquisition method and application thereof - Google Patents
Propeller propulsion performance acquisition method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
- G06F30/15—Vehicle, aircraft or watercraft design
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/28—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using fluid dynamics, e.g. using Navier-Stokes equations or computational fluid dynamics [CFD]
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Abstract
The application belongs to the technical field of propeller performance calculation, and discloses a propeller propulsion performance acquisition method and application thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: establishing a propeller three-dimensional open water model, and dividing the model into a plurality of concentric rings along the radial direction of the propeller; the method comprises the steps of obtaining a lift coefficient and a resistance coefficient at each ring by adopting a viscous flow method, obtaining a relationship model of the lift coefficient and the resistance coefficient of the propeller along the radial direction and performance parameters of the propeller, and obtaining a volume force source item of the propeller; gridding the propeller three-dimensional blades, and mapping each grid onto a two-dimensional airfoil of the propeller blades, wherein the grids are regarded as discrete bodies if the grids are on the two-dimensional airfoil; and distributing the volume force source item to the discrete body with the unsteady characteristic to obtain the total thrust and the total torque caused by the rotation of the propeller. According to the application, the thrust performance of the propeller can be rapidly and accurately predicted by constructing the relation model considering the propeller mechanical performance and the propeller performance parameter of the complex three-dimensional flow field of the propeller.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of propeller performance calculation, and particularly relates to a propeller propulsion performance acquisition method and application thereof.
Background
It is important to know the sailing performance of various types of ships in advance in the ship design stage, and the propeller as the core of ship sailing power is closely related to the performances of rapidity, economy, safety and the like of the ship. The propeller is the most widely used propeller at present, and forms a complete system with the ship body, and the interaction of the propeller and the ship body has various influences on the sailing performance of the ship. The paddle interference can generate a complex unsteady viscous flow field, and the complex unsteady viscous flow field is mainly researched by adopting a model test and a CFD method. In CFD calculation, modeling of the propeller, grid and strict requirements on spatial continuity make calculation cost high and calculation time consuming. The adoption of the volumetric force method can greatly reduce the calculation cost and shorten the calculation time, but the accuracy of the forecast result is insufficient, and the existing volumetric force method is an average concept and cannot consider the unsteady flow field characteristics of the propeller.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement demands of the prior art, the invention provides a propeller propulsion performance acquisition method and application thereof, and the propeller propulsion performance can be rapidly and accurately predicted by constructing a relation model considering the propeller mechanical performance and the propeller performance parameters of a complex three-dimensional flow field of the propeller.
To achieve the above object, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a propeller propulsion performance acquisition method including: s1, establishing a three-dimensional open water model of a propeller, and dividing the model into a plurality of concentric rings along the radial direction of the propeller; s2, obtaining a lift coefficient and a resistance coefficient at each ring by adopting a viscous flow method, obtaining a relationship model of the lift coefficient and the resistance coefficient of the propeller along the radial direction and the performance parameter of the propeller according to a multiple regression fitting equation, and substituting the relationship model into a blade element power equation to obtain a volume force source item of the propeller; s3, gridding the three-dimensional propeller blade, mapping each grid onto a two-dimensional airfoil of the propeller blade, and if the grids are on the two-dimensional airfoil, treating the grids as discrete bodies; s4, repeatedly executing the steps S2 and S3, regarding the discrete body with the shape changing along with time as the discrete body with the unsteady characteristic, and distributing the volume force source item to the discrete body with the unsteady characteristic to obtain the total thrust and the total torque caused by the rotation of the propeller.
Preferably, in step S2, the relationship model between the lift coefficient and the drag coefficient of the propeller in the radial direction and the performance parameter of the propeller is:
The relation model between the lift coefficient C L of the propeller along the radius direction and the attack angle alpha of the propeller is as follows:
CL＝kαsinα+Cα
the relationship model between the drag coefficient C D and the lift coefficient C L of the propeller along the radius direction is as follows:
Wherein:
Wherein k α is the angle of attack coefficient; c α is the zero angle of attack lift coefficient; k 1 is the lift-drag characteristic coefficient; k 2 is the minimum drag coefficient; k ij is a multiple regression fit coefficient, i=1, 2,3,4, j=1, 2,3,4; c r = c/r; c is the chord length and r is the relative radius of the section.
Preferably, the mapping each grid onto the two-dimensional airfoil of the spiral-to-blade is specifically:
And reversely solving a two-dimensional coordinate through the coordinate of the three-dimensional blade grid of the propeller, judging whether the two-dimensional coordinate is on a two-dimensional airfoil of the propeller blade, and if the two-dimensional coordinate is on the two-dimensional airfoil of the propeller blade, treating the grid as an discrete body.
Preferably, the corresponding relation between the coordinates of the three-dimensional blade grid of the propeller and the two-dimensional coordinates is:
wherein, (x p,yp,zp) is the coordinates of the three-dimensional blade grid of the propeller, (x c,yu,l) is the two-dimensional coordinates, c is the chord length, r is the section relative radius, θ nt is the pitch angle, i G is the pitch value, and θ s is the side bevel angle.
Preferably, in step S4, a blade momentum method is used to obtain the total thrust and total torque caused by the rotation of the spiral.
Preferably, the relation between the total thrust force T and the total torque Q is:
Wherein R H is the propeller hub radius, R is the propeller geometric radius, fb x and fb θ are the axial force and circumferential force generated on the unit blade section, F i and f v are the lift and drag of She Jiemian,/>N is the number of propeller blades, deltax is the axial grid spacing on the volumetric force points, r is the section relative radius, θ is the integral angle, ρ is the density of water, C is the chord length of She Jiemian, U r is the closing speed in CFD calculation, C L is the lift coefficient, C D is the drag coefficient, and β i is the hydrodynamic pitch angle.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided an application of the propeller propulsion performance acquisition method described above, the method being applied to a ship propulsion performance calculation process.
Preferably, a viscous flow method is adopted to calculate a flow field around the ship body, and the flow field is coupled with the total thrust and the total torque of the propeller to obtain the propulsion performance of the ship.
In general, compared with the prior art, the technical scheme adopted by the invention has the following beneficial effects that the propeller propulsion performance acquisition method and the application thereof provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
1. The volumetric force of the propeller is obtained by radial segmentation and then regression fitting, and different volumetric forces at different radial positions are considered.
2. The iteration process of the steps S2 and S3 can be used for simulating the rotation of the propeller in practice, and a variable discrete body with unsteady characteristics can be obtained.
3. The discrete bodies can be obtained rapidly by reversely solving the two-dimensional coordinates through the coordinates of the three-dimensional blade grid of the propeller, the calculation speed is faster, and the calculation time is shortened remarkably.
4. The method for constructing the mathematical model of the propeller mechanical characteristics and rapidly extracting the geometric characteristics of the propeller overcomes the defects of the existing numerical propulsion model, considers the complex three-dimensional flow field of the propeller, improves the accuracy of a rapid forecasting method, helps the rapid research of the interaction between the propellers, plays an important role in the aspects of optimizing design of the ship, developing the new ship, improving the sailing performance of the ship and the like, and has certain theoretical significance and engineering practical value.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a step chart of a propeller propulsion performance acquisition method of the present embodiment;
fig. 2A is a schematic diagram of the embodiment of the propeller divided into several parts in the radial direction;
fig. 2B is a schematic view of a flow field of the propeller of the present embodiment divided into several parts in the radial direction;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a discrete body solution according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the volumetric force of the present embodiment;
FIG. 5A is a graph showing the operation of the steady-state discrete bodies obtained by the propeller propulsion performance obtaining method of the present embodiment;
fig. 5B is a working state diagram of the unsteady state discrete bodies obtained by the propeller propulsion performance obtaining method of the present embodiment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for obtaining propulsion performance of a propeller, which includes the following steps S1 to S4.
S1, establishing a three-dimensional open water model of the propeller, and dividing the model into a plurality of concentric rings along the radial direction of the propeller.
The three-dimensional open water model of the propeller was divided into several parts in the radial direction, and in this example, as shown in fig. 2A and 2B, it was divided into 10 equal parts.
S2, obtaining lift coefficient and resistance coefficient at each ring by adopting a viscous flow method, obtaining a relation model of lift coefficient and resistance coefficient of the propeller along the radial direction and performance parameters of the propeller according to a multiple regression fitting equation, and substituting the relation model into a blade element power equation to obtain a volume force source item of the propeller.
The lift coefficient and the drag coefficient at each ring can be easily obtained through a viscous flow method, the lift coefficient and the drag coefficient at each part are obtained to be used as the lift coefficient and the drag coefficient at the radius, a multiple regression fitting equation can be adopted to fit the relation between the lift coefficient and the drag coefficient at each part and the radius and the attack angle, and further a relation model of the lift coefficient and the drag coefficient of the propeller along the radius direction and the performance parameter of the propeller is obtained:
The relation model between the lift coefficient C L of the propeller along the radius direction and the attack angle alpha of the propeller is as follows:
CL＝kα sinα+Cα
the relationship model between the drag coefficient C D and the lift coefficient C L of the propeller along the radius direction is as follows:
Wherein:
Wherein k α is the angle of attack coefficient; c α is the zero angle of attack lift coefficient; k 1 is the lift-drag characteristic coefficient; k 2 is the minimum drag coefficient; k ij is a multiple regression fit coefficient, i=1, 2,3,4, j=1, 2,3,4; c r = c/r; c is the chord length and r is the relative radius of the section.
S3, gridding the three-dimensional propeller blade, and mapping each grid onto a two-dimensional airfoil of the propeller blade, wherein if the grids are on the two-dimensional airfoil, the grids are regarded as discrete bodies.
The two-dimensional airfoil of a propeller blade is typically built when constructing a three-dimensional model of the propeller. And reversely solving a two-dimensional coordinate through the coordinate of the grid of the three-dimensional blade of the propeller, judging whether the two-dimensional coordinate is on a two-dimensional airfoil of the propeller blade, and if the two-dimensional coordinate is on the two-dimensional airfoil of the propeller blade, the grid is regarded as an discrete body, so that the discrete body of the high-precision volumetric force propulsion model is determined.
The corresponding relation between the coordinates of the three-dimensional blade grid of the propeller and the two-dimensional coordinates is as follows:
wherein, (x p,yp,zp) is the coordinates of the three-dimensional blade grid of the propeller, (x c,yu,l) is the two-dimensional coordinates, c is the chord length, r is the section relative radius, θ nt is the pitch angle, i G is the pitch value, and θ s is the side bevel angle.
S4, repeatedly executing the steps S2 and S3, regarding the discrete body with the shape changing along with time as the discrete body with the unsteady characteristic, and distributing the volume force source item to the discrete body with the unsteady characteristic to obtain the total thrust and the total torque caused by the rotation of the propeller.
The present embodiment preferably uses a blade momentum method to obtain the total thrust and total torque caused by the rotation of the spiral.
The relation between the total thrust T and the total torque Q is as follows:
Wherein R H is the propeller hub radius, R is the propeller geometric radius, fb x and fb θ are the axial force and circumferential force generated on the unit blade section, F i and f v are the lift and drag of She Jiemian,/>N is the number of propeller blades, deltax is the axial grid spacing on the volumetric force points, r is the section relative radius, θ is the integral angle, ρ is the density of water, C is the chord length of She Jiemian, U r is the closing speed in CFD calculation, C L is the lift coefficient, C D is the drag coefficient, and β i is the hydrodynamic pitch angle.
The application further provides an application of the propeller propulsion performance acquisition method, and the method is applied to a ship propulsion performance calculation process.
Further preferably, a viscous flow method is adopted to calculate a flow field around the ship body, and the flow field is coupled with the total thrust and the total torque of the propeller to obtain the propulsion performance of the ship.
The hull motion can be regarded as a rigid motion and the acceleration process of the additional high-precision volume force behind the ship is used to calculate various hydrodynamic factors. When the high-precision volumetric force calculates the total thrust and the total torque in each step, the instant speed at the moment is continuously read from the partial grid of the virtual propeller, the updated instant speed is substituted into the above, the total thrust and the total torque at the moment are finally solved, and a cylindrical area with the resultant force of T and the torque of Q is formed behind the ship, as shown in fig. 4. The flow field around the hull is calculated using the viscous flow theory, and the virtual propeller of the volumetric force portion is calculated using the lift line theory among the potential flow theory described above. The novel unsteady discrete body method can better simulate unsteady characteristics of the propeller, and consider complex three-dimensional flow fields of the propeller, as shown in fig. 5A and 5B.
In summary, the application makes up the defects of the existing numerical propulsion model through the construction of the propeller mechanical characteristic mathematical model and the rapid extraction method of the propeller geometric characteristic, considers the complex three-dimensional flow field of the propeller, improves the precision of the rapid forecasting method, helps the rapid research of the interaction between the propellers, plays an important role in the aspects of optimizing design of the ship shape, developing the new ship shape, improving the ship sailing performance and the like, and has certain theoretical significance and engineering practical value. The method fully utilizes the computer simulation analysis technology developed at high speed to establish a ship design and sailing performance high-precision rapid forecasting and evaluating method based on simulation analysis, and provides solid theoretical basis and technical support for further improving the sailing performance of new generation of water surface ships.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A propeller propulsion performance acquisition method, the method comprising:
s1, establishing a three-dimensional open water model of a propeller, and dividing the model into a plurality of concentric rings along the radial direction of the propeller;
S2, obtaining a lift coefficient and a resistance coefficient at each ring by adopting a viscous flow method, obtaining a relationship model of the lift coefficient and the resistance coefficient of the propeller along the radial direction and the performance parameter of the propeller according to a multiple regression fitting equation, and substituting the relationship model into a blade element power equation to obtain a volume force source item of the propeller;
S3, gridding the three-dimensional propeller blade, mapping each grid onto a two-dimensional airfoil of the propeller blade, and if the grids are on the two-dimensional airfoil, treating the grids as discrete bodies;
the mapping of each grid to a spiral maps the two-dimensional airfoil of the blade to:
reversely solving a two-dimensional coordinate through the coordinate of a three-dimensional blade grid of the propeller, judging whether the two-dimensional coordinate is on a two-dimensional airfoil of the propeller blade, and if the two-dimensional coordinate is on the two-dimensional airfoil of the propeller blade, the grid is regarded as an discrete body;
the corresponding relation between the coordinates of the three-dimensional blade grid of the propeller and the two-dimensional coordinates is as follows:
Wherein, (x p,yp,zp) is the coordinates of the three-dimensional blade grid of the propeller, (x c,yu,l) is a two-dimensional coordinate, c is a chord length, r is a section relative radius, θ nt is a pitch angle, i G is a pitch value, and θ s is a side bevel;
s4, repeatedly executing the steps S2 and S3, regarding the discrete body with the shape changing along with time as the discrete body with the unsteady characteristic, and distributing the volume force source item to the discrete body with the unsteady characteristic to obtain the total thrust and the total torque caused by the rotation of the propeller.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the relationship model between the lift coefficient and drag coefficient of the propeller in the radial direction and the performance parameter of the propeller in step S2 is:
The relation model between the lift coefficient C L of the propeller along the radius direction and the attack angle alpha of the propeller is as follows:
CL＝kαsinα+Cα
the relationship model between the drag coefficient C D and the lift coefficient C L of the propeller along the radius direction is as follows:
Wherein:
Wherein k α is the angle of attack coefficient; c α is the zero angle of attack lift coefficient; k 1 is the lift-drag characteristic coefficient; k 2 is the minimum drag coefficient; k ij is a multiple regression fit coefficient, i=1, 2,3,4, j=1, 2,3,4; c r = c/r; c is the chord length and r is the relative radius of the section.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the total thrust and total torque caused by the rotation of the screw are obtained in step S4 using a blade momentum method.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the total thrust T and total torque Q are related by:
Wherein R H is the propeller hub radius, R is the propeller geometric radius, fb x and fb θ are the axial force and circumferential force generated on the unit blade section, F i and f v are the lift and drag of She Jiemian,/>N is the number of propeller blades, dx is the axial grid spacing on the volumetric force points, r is the section relative radius, θ is the integral angle, ρ is the density of water, C is the chord length of She Jiemian, U r is the closing speed in CFD calculation, C L is the lift coefficient, C D is the drag coefficient, and β i is the hydrodynamic pitch angle.
5. Use of a method for obtaining propulsion performance of a propeller according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the method is applied in the calculation of the propulsion performance of a ship.
6. The use according to claim 5, wherein a viscous flow method is used to calculate the flow field around the hull, and the flow field is coupled with the total thrust and total torque of the propeller to obtain the propulsion performance of the vessel.
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