CN113779405A

CN113779405A - Data processing method and device

Info

Publication number: CN113779405A
Application number: CN202111088848.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘方; 黄晓烽; 林建素
Original assignee: Beijing Sogou Technology Development Co Ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Sogou Technology Development Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-09-16
Filing date: 2021-09-16
Publication date: 2021-12-10

Abstract

The application discloses a data processing method, which can obtain a target search statement and then obtain an answer corresponding to the target search statement. In addition, in the embodiment of the present application, a target service for implementing the target task may also be acquired, and the answer and the target service are displayed in the first search result item of the search result page of the target search statement. Therefore, in the scheme, the answers and the target service can be fused together and displayed to the user in the first search result item, in other words, the first search result item not only can provide the answers corresponding to the target search statements for the user, but also can provide the target service capable of achieving the target task for the user, so that the user can conveniently achieve the target task by using the target service, and therefore the scheme can further assist the user in achieving the target task, and user experience is improved.

Description

Data processing method and device

Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of data processing, and in particular, to a data processing method and apparatus.

Background

Currently, when a user desires to complete a certain event but does not know how to perform, the corresponding answer may be searched for by a search engine. However, the current search engine can only provide the user with answers matching the search sentence, for example, the steps required to be executed to complete the matter are given, and the user is not effectively assisted to complete the matter, thereby resulting in poor user experience.

Therefore, a solution is needed to solve the above problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the application is that the user experience of the current search engine is poor, and a data processing method and device are provided.

In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data processing method, where the method includes:

acquiring a target search statement input by a user, wherein the target search statement has a question asking requirement and corresponds to a target task;

obtaining answers corresponding to the target search sentences and target services for realizing the target tasks;

displaying the answer and the target service in a first search result item of the target search statement.

Optionally, obtaining the target service for implementing the target task includes:

acquiring a corresponding relation between a pre-stored search statement and a service;

and matching the target search statement with the search statement in the corresponding relation, and determining the service corresponding to the first search statement as the target service if the target search statement hits the first search statement in the corresponding relation.

acquiring a corresponding relation between a pre-stored task and a service;

and matching the target task with the tasks in the corresponding relation, and determining the service corresponding to the first task as the target service if the target task hits the first task in the corresponding relation.

and determining the target service according to the answer.

Optionally, the method further includes:

responding to a preset operation triggered aiming at the target service;

and running the target service or jumping to a website or a webpage where the target service is located.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data processing apparatus, where the apparatus includes:

the system comprises a first acquisition unit, a second acquisition unit and a third acquisition unit, wherein the first acquisition unit is used for acquiring a target search statement input by a user, the target search statement has a question asking requirement, and the target search statement corresponds to a target task;

the second acquisition unit is used for acquiring answers corresponding to the target search sentences and target services for realizing the target tasks;

a display unit for displaying the answer and the target service in a first search result item of the target search sentence.

acquiring a corresponding relation between a pre-stored task and a service;

and determining the target service according to the answer.

Optionally, the apparatus further comprises:

and the running unit is used for responding to preset operation triggered by the target service, running the target service or jumping to a website or a webpage where the target service is located.

In a third aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a data processing apparatus, comprising a memory, and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory, and configured to be executed by the one or more processors includes instructions for:

acquiring a corresponding relation between a pre-stored task and a service;

and determining the target service according to the answer.

Optionally, the operations further include:

responding to a preset operation triggered aiming at the target service;

In a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a computer-readable medium having stored thereon instructions, which, when executed by one or more processors, cause an apparatus to perform the data processing method of any one of the above first aspects.

Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the application has the following advantages:

the embodiment of the application provides a data processing method which can be executed by equipment running a search engine. In one example, after a user inputs a target search statement having a question asking requirement and corresponding to a target task, the device may acquire the target search statement. And then, obtaining an answer corresponding to the target search statement. In addition, in this embodiment of the application, the device may further obtain a target service for implementing the target task, and display the answer and the target service in a first search result item of a search result page of the target search statement. Therefore, in the scheme, the answers and the target service can be fused together and displayed to the user in the first search result item, in other words, the first search result item not only can provide the answers corresponding to the target search statements for the user, but also can provide the target service capable of achieving the target task for the user, so that the user can conveniently achieve the target task by using the target service.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a data processing method according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a first search result item provided by an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a data processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a client according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a server according to an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical solutions of the present application better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

The inventor of the present application has studied to find that when a user searches in a search engine how to complete a certain matter, the search engine can provide the corresponding answer thereto. For some items, the completion of which needs to be done by some other service, the user needs to further find the corresponding service after getting the answer provided by the search engine, so as to complete the item. Therefore, although the current search engine can provide the corresponding answer to the user, it cannot effectively assist the user to complete the item, and the user experience is poor.

For example, a user searches in a search engine for: "how the PDF adds a signature," the search engine may provide the user with various steps to add a signature in the PDF. For the matter of adding signature to PDF, the matter needs to be signed by means of the signature service provided by the browser, so the user needs to find the browser, and further execute the subsequent steps, and the user operation is tedious and experiences poor.

In order to solve the above problem, an embodiment of the present application provides a data processing method.

Various non-limiting embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Exemplary method

Referring to fig. 1, the figure is a schematic flow chart of a data processing method according to an embodiment of the present application.

The method provided by the embodiment of the present application may be executed, for example, by a device running a search engine, where the device mentioned herein includes, but is not limited to, a terminal device and a server. The terminal device mentioned here may be a mobile terminal such as a smart phone or a tablet computer, or may be a terminal device such as a desktop computer.

The method shown in fig. 1 can be implemented, for example, by the following S101 to S103.

S101: the method comprises the steps of obtaining a target search statement input by a user, wherein the target search statement has a question asking requirement, and the target search statement corresponds to a target task.

In the embodiment of the application, when a user wants to complete a target task but is confused about how to complete the target task, a target search statement which has a question asking requirement and corresponds to the target task can be input in a search input area of a search engine. The target search statement mentioned here has a question asking requirement. It may be an interrogative sentence or a declarative sentence. The embodiments of the present application are not particularly limited. For example, a user wishes to add a signature to a PDF, but does not know how to add a signature to the PDF. At this time: the user may enter an interrogative sentence in the search input area of the search engine: "how to add signatures to PDF? "the user may also enter a statement sentence in the search input area of the search engine: "PDF adds a signature". S101, in specific implementation, the target search statement input by the user in the search input area of the search engine can be obtained.

S102: and obtaining answers corresponding to the target search sentences and target services for realizing the target tasks.

In the embodiment of the present application, after obtaining a target search statement corresponding to a target task, on one hand, an answer corresponding to the target search statement may be obtained. On the other hand, in order to effectively assist the user in completing the target task, a target service for realizing the target task can be acquired. The target service mentioned in the embodiment of the present application may be a tool or an applet, and the embodiment of the present application is not particularly limited. In addition, the target service in the embodiment of the present application may be an online service or a non-online service, and the embodiment of the present application is not particularly limited.

The embodiment of the present application is not particularly limited with respect to the specific implementation of obtaining the answer corresponding to the target search statement. In one example, the keyword in the target search statement may be used as a retrieval condition, and the answer corresponding to the target search statement may be retrieved from the network resource. The answers to the target search statement mentioned here may be, for example, individual steps to achieve the target task.

In the embodiment of the present application, when the target service for implementing the target task is obtained, there may be a plurality of implementation manners. Several possible implementations are described below.

In one example: services that can achieve the target task can be found in the network resources, thereby obtaining the target services. For example, the target service is retrieved from the network resource by using the keyword of the target task as a retrieval condition.

In yet another example: the target service may be determined using a correspondence between a search sentence and a service stored in advance. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

in the embodiment of the application, a plurality of pairs of corresponding relations between search sentences and services may be stored in advance, and when a target service corresponding to a target task needs to be determined, a target search sentence corresponding to the target task may be matched with a search sentence in the corresponding relation, so as to obtain the target service. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: and if the target search statement hits the first search statement in the corresponding relation, determining the service corresponding to the first search statement as the target service. When the target search statement hits the first search statement, the question requirement corresponding to the target search statement is the same as the question requirement corresponding to the first search statement.

Examples are 1:

the corresponding relationship comprises: how the PDF adds the signature is corresponding to the service A, and the target search statement is as follows: how to add a signature to the PDF, the semantics of the target search statement "how to add a signature to the PDF" is the same as that of the first search statement "how to add a signature to the PDF" in the correspondence, and therefore, the target search statement "how to add a signature to the PDF" hits on how to add a signature to the first search statement "PDF", and therefore, the "service a" corresponding to the first search statement "how to add a signature to the PDF" may be determined as the target service.

For example, 2:

the corresponding relationship comprises: how the PDF adds the signature is corresponding to the service A, and the target search statement is as follows: the "PDF adds a signature", the question requirement corresponding to the target search statement "PDF adds a signature" and how the first search statement "PDF adds a signature" in the corresponding relationship, so the target search statement "PDF adds a signature" hits the first search statement "how the PDF adds a signature", and therefore, the "service a" corresponding to the first search statement "how the PDF adds a signature" can be determined as the target service.

In the embodiment of the present application, the correspondence between the search statement and the service may be predetermined, and then, the correspondence is stored. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: for a search statement, a task corresponding to the search statement may be determined first, and a service for implementing the task may be determined, and further, a corresponding relationship between the search statement and the service for implementing the task may be saved. For example, the following steps are carried out:

for a search statement: how the PDF adds a signature may first determine that a task corresponding to the search statement is "add a signature to the PDF", and then determine that a service capable of implementing "add a signature to the PDF" is "service a", so that a correspondence relationship between how the PDF adds a signature "and" service a "may be stored.

In another example: the target service may be determined using a pre-stored correspondence of tasks and services. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

in the embodiment of the application, the corresponding relation between a plurality of pairs of tasks and services can be stored in advance, and when the target service corresponding to the target task needs to be determined, the target task can be matched with the tasks in the corresponding relation, so that the target service is obtained. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: and if the target task hits the first task in the corresponding relation, determining the service corresponding to the first task as the target service.

For example, the following steps are carried out:

the corresponding relationship comprises: the corresponding relation between 'signature is added to PDF' and 'service A', and the target task is as follows: if "add signature to PDF", the target task hits the first task, "add signature to PDF", and therefore, the "service a" corresponding to the first task, "add signature to PDF" may be determined as the target service.

It can be understood that, for this case, after the target search statement is obtained, the target search statement needs to be further analyzed, so as to obtain the target task corresponding to the target search statement. For example: get the target search statement "how to add signatures by PDF? And analyzing the target search statement to obtain a target task of adding a signature to the PDF. The embodiment of the present application is not particularly limited with respect to the implementation manner of analyzing the target search statement to obtain the target task.

In the embodiment of the application, the corresponding relationship between the task and the service can be predetermined, and then the corresponding relationship is stored. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: for a task, a service capable of implementing the task may be determined, and further a correspondence between the task and the service for implementing the task may be saved. For example, the following steps are carried out:

for the task "add signature to PDF", the service capable of adding signature to PDF may be determined as "service a" first, so that the correspondence between "add signature to PDF" and "service a" may be stored.

In yet another example, the target service may be determined from the answer. Specifically, content related to the service can be mined from the answers, and a corresponding target service can be determined based on the content.

In some embodiments, the answer corresponding to the target search sentence may include information of a service capable of achieving the target task, and for this case, the target service may be determined from the answer. For example, the service in the answer may be determined as the target service. For example, the following steps are carried out: the target search statement is "how to sign a PDF", and the answer is the step of signing a PDF, wherein one of the steps comprises: open small program. Then the target service may be determined to be a ". x. applet" in the answer.

S103: displaying the answer and the target service in a first search result item of the target search statement.

After obtaining the answer and the target service corresponding to the target search statement, the answer and the target service may be displayed in a first search result item of the target search statement. The first search result item mentioned here refers to one of the search result items displayed in the search result page corresponding to the target search sentence.

In an implementation manner of the embodiment of the present application, when a target service is displayed in the first search result item, for example, an identifier of the target service may be displayed. For example, an icon of the target service and a function of the target service are displayed.

As described above, the target service may be an online service or a non-online service.

In this embodiment of the application, if the target service is an online service, a link entry of the target service may be displayed, so that the user may directly trigger a preset operation for the target service in the first search result item, for example, click an identifier of the target service in the first search result item. After the user triggers the preset operation for the target service, the device may respond to the preset operation triggered by the user for the target service to operate the target service, and the user may directly complete the target task by using the target service. Or, in response to a preset operation triggered by the user for the target service, jumping to a webpage or a website where the target service is located, so that the user can complete a target task on the jumped webpage or website.

In this embodiment of the application, if the target service is an offline service, a download entry of the target service may be displayed, and the user may trigger a download operation for the target service in the first search result item, so as to jump to a webpage or a website where the target service is downloaded, or directly trigger a process of downloading the target service. It will be appreciated that after downloading the target service, the user may complete the target task using the target service.

As can be seen from the above description, in the embodiment of the present application, the first search result item may not only provide the user with an answer corresponding to the target search statement, but also provide the user with a target service capable of achieving the target task. That is, the user can obtain the answer corresponding to the target search statement and the target service for realizing the target task through the first search result item. In one example, a user may directly trigger a preset operation for a target service in a first search result item, so as to run the target service, without the need for the user to expend extra effort to search for a service capable of achieving the target task, and therefore, the scheme may effectively assist the user in achieving the target task, and improve user experience.

Next, a data processing method provided in an embodiment of the present application is described with reference to fig. 2.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first search result item according to an embodiment of the present application. After a user inputs a target search statement "how to add a signature" in a search input area of a search engine and triggers a search operation, a search result page corresponding to the target search statement is displayed, and the search result page may include a plurality of search result items, in one example, a first search result item as shown in fig. 2, a first search result item including an answer 201 corresponding to the target search statement, and a target service 202 for completing a target task "add a signature to PDF". The answer 201 includes a video explanation part 2011 and a text explanation part 2012.

The target service 202 shown in fig. 2 is an online service, so in one example, the user can directly trigger the target service 202 part in fig. 2 to directly use the online service to add signatures to PDFs, and add signatures to PDFs that need to be added with signatures.

Exemplary device

Based on the method provided by the above embodiment, the embodiment of the present application further provides an apparatus, which is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 3, this figure is a schematic structural diagram of a data processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application. The apparatus 200 may specifically include, for example: a first acquisition unit 210, a second acquisition unit 220, and a display unit 230.

A first obtaining unit 210, configured to obtain a target search statement input by a user, where the target search statement has a question asking requirement, and the target search statement corresponds to a target task;

a second obtaining unit 220, configured to obtain an answer corresponding to the target search statement and a target service for implementing the target task;

a display unit 230 for displaying the answer and the target service in a first search result item of the target search sentence.

acquiring a corresponding relation between a pre-stored task and a service;

and determining the target service according to the answer.

Optionally, the apparatus further comprises:

Since the apparatus 300 is an apparatus corresponding to the method provided in the above method embodiment, and the specific implementation of each unit of the apparatus 300 is the same as that of the above method embodiment, for the specific implementation of each unit of the apparatus 300, reference may be made to the description part of the above method embodiment, and details are not repeated here.

The method provided by the embodiment of the present application may be executed by a client or a server, and the client and the server that execute the method are described below separately.

Fig. 4 shows a block diagram of a client 300. For example, the client 300 may be a mobile phone, a computer, a digital broadcast terminal, a messaging device, a game console, a tablet device, a medical device, a fitness device, a personal digital assistant, and the like.

Referring to fig. 4, client 300 may include one or more of the following components: processing component 302, memory 304, power component 306, multimedia component 308, audio component 310, input/output (I/O) interface 33, sensor component 314, and communication component 316.

The processing component 302 generally controls overall operation of the client 300, such as operations associated with display, telephone calls, data communications, camera operations, and recording operations. The processing elements 302 may include one or more processors 320 to execute instructions to perform all or a portion of the steps of the methods described above. Further, the processing component 302 can include one or more modules that facilitate interaction between the processing component 302 and other components. For example, the processing component 302 can include a multimedia module to facilitate interaction between the multimedia component 308 and the processing component 302.

The memory 304 is configured to store various types of data to support operations at the client 300. Examples of such data include instructions for any application or method operating on the client 300, contact data, phonebook data, messages, pictures, videos, and so forth. The memory 304 may be implemented by any type or combination of volatile or non-volatile memory devices, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic memory, flash memory, magnetic or optical disks.

The power component 306 provides power to the various components of the client 300. The power components 306 may include a power management system, one or more power supplies, and other components associated with generating, managing, and distributing power for the client 300.

The multimedia component 308 comprises a screen providing an output interface between the client 300 and the user. In some embodiments, the screen may include a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and a Touch Panel (TP). If the screen includes a touch panel, the screen may be implemented as a touch screen to receive an input signal from a user. The touch panel includes one or more touch sensors to sense touch, slide, and gestures on the touch panel. The touch sensor may not only sense the boundary of a touch or slide action, but also detect the duration and pressure associated with the touch or slide operation. In some embodiments, the multimedia component 308 includes a front facing camera and/or a rear facing camera. The front camera and/or the rear camera may receive external multimedia data when the client 300 is in an operation mode, such as a photographing mode or a video mode. Each front camera and rear camera may be a fixed optical lens system or have a focal length and optical zoom capability.

The audio component 310 is configured to output and/or input audio signals. For example, the audio component 310 includes a Microphone (MIC) configured to receive external audio signals when the client 300 is in an operating mode, such as a call mode, a recording mode, and a voice recognition mode. The received audio signals may further be stored in the memory 304 or transmitted via the communication component 316. In some embodiments, audio component 310 also includes a speaker for outputting audio signals.

The I/O interface provides an interface between the processing component 302 and peripheral interface modules, which may be keyboards, click wheels, buttons, etc. These buttons may include, but are not limited to: a home button, a volume button, a start button, and a lock button.

Sensor component 314 includes one or more sensors for providing status assessment of various aspects to client 300. For example, sensor component 314 may detect an open/closed state of device 300, the relative positioning of components, such as a display and keypad of client 300, sensor component 314 may also detect a change in the position of client 300 or a component of client 300, the presence or absence of user contact with client 300, client 300 orientation or acceleration/deceleration, and a change in the temperature of client 300. Sensor assembly 314 may include a proximity sensor configured to detect the presence of a nearby object without any physical contact. The sensor assembly 314 may also include a light sensor, such as a CMOS or CCD image sensor, for use in imaging applications. In some embodiments, the sensor assembly 314 may also include an acceleration sensor, a gyroscope sensor, a magnetic sensor, a pressure sensor, or a temperature sensor.

The communication component 316 is configured to facilitate communications between the client 300 and other devices in a wired or wireless manner. The client 300 may access a wireless network based on a communication standard, such as WiFi, 2G or 3G, or a combination thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, the communication section 316 receives a broadcast signal or broadcast-related information from an external broadcast management system via a broadcast channel. In an exemplary embodiment, the communication component 316 further includes a Near Field Communication (NFC) module to facilitate short-range communications. For example, the NFC module may be implemented based on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology, infrared data association (IrDA) technology, Ultra Wideband (UWB) technology, Bluetooth (BT) technology, and other technologies.

In an exemplary embodiment, the client 300 may be implemented by one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors or other electronic components for performing the following methods:

acquiring a corresponding relation between a pre-stored task and a service;

and determining the target service according to the answer.

Optionally, the method further includes:

responding to a preset operation triggered aiming at the target service;

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a server in an embodiment of the present application. The server 400 may vary significantly due to configuration or performance, and may include one or more Central Processing Units (CPUs) 422 (e.g., one or more processors) and memory 432, one or more storage media 430 (e.g., one or more mass storage devices) storing applications 442 or data 444. Wherein the memory 432 and storage medium 430 may be transient or persistent storage. The program stored on the storage medium 430 may include one or more modules (not shown), each of which may include a series of instruction operations for the server. Still further, the central processor 422 may be arranged to communicate with the storage medium 430, and execute a series of instruction operations in the storage medium 430 on the server 400.

Still further, the central processor 422 may perform the following method:

acquiring a corresponding relation between a pre-stored task and a service;

and determining the target service according to the answer.

Optionally, the method further includes:

responding to a preset operation triggered aiming at the target service;

The server 400 may also include one or more power supplies 426, one or more wired or wireless network interfaces 450, one or more input-output interfaces 456, one or more keyboards 456, and/or one or more operating systems 441, such as Windows Server, Mac OS XTM, UnixTM, LinuxTM, FreeBSDTM, and so forth.

Embodiments of the present application also provide a computer-readable medium having stored thereon instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause an apparatus to perform a method of:

acquiring a corresponding relation between a pre-stored task and a service;

and determining the target service according to the answer.

Optionally, the method further includes:

responding to a preset operation triggered aiming at the target service;

Other embodiments of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the application and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice in the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the application being indicated by the following claims.

It will be understood that the present application is not limited to the precise arrangements described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the application is limited only by the attached claims

The above description is only exemplary of the present application and should not be taken as limiting the present application, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method of data processing, the method comprising:

2. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the target service for achieving the target task comprises:

3. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the target service for achieving the target task comprises:

acquiring a corresponding relation between a pre-stored task and a service;

4. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the target service for achieving the target task comprises:

and determining the target service according to the answer.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

responding to a preset operation triggered aiming at the target service;

6. A data processing apparatus, characterized in that the apparatus comprises:

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein obtaining the target service for achieving the target task comprises:

8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein obtaining the target service for achieving the target task comprises:

acquiring a corresponding relation between a pre-stored task and a service;

9. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein obtaining the target service for achieving the target task comprises:

and determining the target service according to the answer.

10. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising:

11. A data processing apparatus comprising a memory, and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory, and wherein the one or more programs being configured to be executed by the one or more processors comprises being configured to perform the data processing method of any one of claims 1 to 5.

12. A computer-readable medium having stored thereon instructions, which when executed by one or more processors, cause an apparatus to perform the data processing method of any of claims 1 to 5.