CN113777781B - Design method of aperture light-transmitting structure and aperture - Google Patents
Design method of aperture light-transmitting structure and aperture Download PDFInfo
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- CN113777781B CN113777781B CN202111021065.0A CN202111021065A CN113777781B CN 113777781 B CN113777781 B CN 113777781B CN 202111021065 A CN202111021065 A CN 202111021065A CN 113777781 B CN113777781 B CN 113777781B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
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- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
- G02B23/24—Instruments or systems for viewing the inside of hollow bodies, e.g. fibrescopes
- G02B23/2407—Optical details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
- G02B23/24—Instruments or systems for viewing the inside of hollow bodies, e.g. fibrescopes
- G02B23/2407—Optical details
- G02B23/2461—Illumination
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Abstract
The invention provides a design method of a diaphragm light-transmitting structure and a diaphragm, wherein the design method of the diaphragm light-transmitting structure comprises the following steps: calculating light source distribution; acquiring theoretical light transmission intensity under different angles of the aperture according to the light source distribution and the preset functional relation between the light transmission intensity and the aperture angle; according to the theoretical light transmission intensity of the aperture under different angles, acquiring the widths of the theoretical light transmission grooves of the aperture under different angles, and forming the theoretical light transmission grooves; and at the position where the width of the theoretical light-transmitting groove is smaller than the preset width, a through hole is arranged to replace the theoretical light-transmitting groove. According to the design method, the matched theoretical light-transmitting groove is designed according to the functional relation between the preset light-transmitting intensity and the aperture angle, and then the through hole is arranged at the position where the width of the theoretical light-transmitting groove is smaller than the preset width to replace the theoretical light-transmitting groove at the position, so that under the limited condition, when the light source is weaker, the light-transmitting intensity of the aperture and the aperture angle have a better functional relation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of diaphragms, in particular to a design method of a diaphragm light-transmitting structure and a diaphragm.
Background
The endoscopic image acquisition requires illumination from a light source and adjustment of illumination intensity according to image brightness, so that a dimming aperture is placed between the light source and the target. In order to adjust the light accurately, the adjusting position of the aperture needs to have a better functional relation with the light transmission intensity, and the current aperture is difficult to maintain a better functional relation when the light transmission intensity is smaller because of the limitation of manufacturing processing precision or control precision.
In the prior art, when a light source is weaker, the aperture position and the light transmission intensity cannot keep a better functional relation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a design method of a light-transmitting structure of an aperture and the aperture, which are used for solving the problem that the position of the aperture and the light-transmitting intensity cannot keep a good functional relation when a dimming aperture light source is weaker in the prior art.
The invention provides a design method of an aperture light transmission structure, which comprises the following steps:
calculating light source distribution;
acquiring theoretical light transmission intensity under different angles of the aperture according to the light source distribution and the preset functional relation between the light transmission intensity and the aperture angle;
according to the theoretical light transmission intensity of the aperture under different angles, acquiring the widths of the theoretical light transmission grooves of the aperture under different angles, and forming the theoretical light transmission grooves;
and at the position where the width of the theoretical light-transmitting groove is smaller than the preset width, a through hole is arranged to replace the theoretical light-transmitting groove.
According to the design method of the aperture light transmission structure provided by the invention, the obtaining of the theoretical light transmission intensity under different angles of the aperture according to the light source distribution and the preset functional relation between the light transmission intensity and the aperture angle comprises the following steps:
obtaining the maximum light transmission intensity according to the light source distribution;
the preset light transmission intensity and the aperture angle are in an exponential function change relation;
and obtaining theoretical light transmission intensity under different angles of the aperture according to the maximum light transmission intensity and the exponential function change relation between the preset light transmission intensity and the aperture angle.
According to the design method of the aperture light transmission structure provided by the invention, the obtaining of the width of the theoretical light transmission groove under different angles of the aperture according to the theoretical light transmission intensity under different angles of the aperture comprises the following steps:
acquiring the value range of the width of the light transmission groove according to the light source light spot radius and the set number of the light transmission grooves;
acquiring the width of the initial light transmission groove according to the value range of the width of the light transmission groove at any angle of the aperture;
overlapping the light transmission groove and the light source light spots under the width of the initial light transmission groove to obtain the actual light transmission intensity of the aperture at the angle;
and carrying out iterative correction on the initial light transmission groove width according to the deviation of the actual light transmission intensity and the theoretical light transmission intensity to obtain the theoretical light transmission groove width, so that the deviation of the actual light transmission intensity and the theoretical light transmission intensity is smaller than a preset value under the theoretical light transmission groove width.
According to the method for designing the aperture light-transmitting structure provided by the invention, the iterative correction is performed on the initial light-transmitting groove width according to the deviation of the actual light-transmitting intensity and the theoretical light-transmitting intensity, so as to obtain the theoretical light-transmitting groove width, and the deviation of the actual light-transmitting intensity and the theoretical light-transmitting intensity is smaller than a preset value under the theoretical light-transmitting groove width, and the method further comprises:
when the actual light transmission intensity is smaller than the theoretical light transmission intensity, increasing the width of the initial light transmission groove;
and when the actual light transmission intensity is larger than the theoretical light transmission intensity, reducing the width of the initial light transmission groove.
According to the design method of the aperture light transmission structure provided by the invention, when the actual light transmission intensity is smaller than the theoretical light transmission intensity, increasing the width of the initial light transmission groove comprises the following steps: increasing the width of the initial light-transmitting groove to be 3/2 of the width of the initial light-transmitting groove;
when the actual light transmission intensity is greater than the theoretical light transmission intensity, reducing the initial light transmission groove width includes: the width of the initial light-transmitting groove is reduced to be 1/2 of the width of the initial light-transmitting groove.
According to the method for designing the aperture light-transmitting structure provided by the invention, the step of arranging the through hole to replace the light-transmitting groove at the position where the width of the theoretical light-transmitting groove is smaller than the preset width further comprises the steps of:
calculating the area of a part of the theoretical light-transmitting groove with the width smaller than the preset width from one end;
when the area of one section of the theoretical light-transmitting groove is larger than or equal to a preset area, a through hole is arranged to replace the section of the theoretical light-transmitting groove; and the areas of the through holes are gradually decreased along the direction that the width of the theoretical light-transmitting groove is gradually decreased.
According to the design method of the aperture light transmission structure provided by the invention, according to the theoretical light transmission intensity of the aperture under different angles, the method for obtaining the width of the theoretical light transmission groove of the aperture under different angles, and the method for forming the theoretical light transmission groove further comprises the following steps:
determining the central line of each light transmission groove according to the light source light spot radius, the light source light spot positions and the set number of the light transmission grooves;
wherein, set up the radial interval between two adjacent light-transmitting grooves equal, then the central line in the ith light-transmitting groove of light-transmitting groove from the light ring center to edge obtains through following formula:
r i the radius of the center line of the ith light-transmitting groove from the center of the aperture to the edge is the radius of the center line of the aperture; d is the distance from the center of the aperture to the center of the light source light spot, r is the radius of the light source light spot, and n is the set number of the light transmission grooves.
The design method of the aperture light-transmitting structure provided by the invention further comprises the following steps:
setting a full aperture part and a full aperture part;
and acquiring the initial position and the final position of the theoretical light transmission groove according to the aperture full-penetration part and the aperture full-shielding part.
The invention also provides a diaphragm, and a design method of the diaphragm light-transmitting structure by using any one of the above steps, the diaphragm comprises a diaphragm body, the diaphragm body is provided with a full through hole and a light-transmitting structure, the light-transmitting structure comprises a light-transmitting groove and through holes, a plurality of the light-transmitting grooves are distributed along the radial equidistant direction of the diaphragm, the central line of the light-transmitting groove is arc-shaped, the head end of the light-transmitting groove is connected with the full through hole, the tail end of the light-transmitting groove is connected with a plurality of the through holes, and the areas of the through holes are gradually reduced along the direction that the width of the light-transmitting groove is gradually reduced.
According to the aperture provided by the invention, the inside of the full through hole and the inside of at least one light-transmitting groove are respectively provided with the reinforcing ribs.
According to the design method of the aperture light transmission structure and the aperture, the matched theoretical light transmission groove is designed according to the functional relation between the preset light transmission intensity and the aperture angle, and then the through hole is arranged at the position where the width of the theoretical light transmission groove is smaller than the preset width to replace the theoretical light transmission groove at the position, so that the light transmission structure is the through hole in the aperture angle range where the light transmission intensity is smaller, the design of the light transmission structure at the position where the light transmission intensity of the aperture is smaller is realized, and therefore, under the limited condition, when the light source is weaker, the light transmission intensity of the aperture and the angle of the aperture have better functional relation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for designing a diaphragm light-transmitting structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second flowchart of a method for designing a diaphragm transparent structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of light distribution of a light source provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the exponential relationship between light transmission intensity and aperture angle provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the exponential relationship between light transmission intensity and aperture angle in a logarithmic scale;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a theoretical light-transmitting trough provided by the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a superimposed light source spot and light-transmitting trough provided by the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a theoretical light-transmitting trough between fully transparent and fully opaque provided by the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a diaphragm structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a second diagram of the aperture structure according to the present invention;
reference numerals:
1: an aperture; 2: a light transmission groove; 3: a full through hole;
4: a through hole; 5: reinforcing ribs; 6: a full shielding part;
7: a full penetration part.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The following describes a design method of a diaphragm light-transmitting structure and a diaphragm provided by the invention with reference to fig. 1 to 10.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for designing a diaphragm light-transmitting structure according to the present invention, where the method includes: s1, calculating light source distribution; s2, acquiring theoretical light transmission intensity of the aperture at different angles according to light source distribution and a preset functional relation between the light transmission intensity and the aperture angle; s3, according to the theoretical light transmission intensity of the aperture at different angles, acquiring the widths of the theoretical light transmission grooves of the aperture at different angles, and forming the theoretical light transmission grooves; s4, at the position where the width of the theoretical light-transmitting groove is smaller than the preset width, a through hole is arranged to replace the theoretical light-transmitting groove.
S1, calculating light source distribution; specifically, according to the light source used in the aperture application scene, the light distribution function l=f (x, y), (x) of the light source is obtained by actual measurement 2 +y 2 ＜r 2 ) Where L is the light transmission intensity at the point of coordinates (x, y), and r is the radius of the light source spot, as shown in fig. 3. S2, presetting a functional relation between aperture angles and light transmission intensity, and obtaining theoretical light transmission intensity of the aperture under different angles according to an actually calculated light source distribution function and the preset functional relation between aperture angles and light transmission intensity, namely, calculating the theoretical light transmission intensity of the aperture under a certain angle according to requirements, wherein the theoretical light transmission intensity of each angle of the aperture is different. S3, obtaining the respective theoretical light transmission groove widths of the aperture at different angles according to the theoretical light transmission intensities of the aperture at different anglesThe degree, and thus the theoretical light transmission groove can be formed according to the width of the light transmission groove under each angle of the aperture.
Further, S4, changing the transparent grooves at the positions with the width smaller than the preset width into through holes at the positions of the theoretical transparent grooves; the theoretical light-transmitting groove is reserved at the position where the width of the theoretical light-transmitting groove is larger than or equal to the preset width; the theoretical light-transmitting grooves and the through holes are light-transmitting structures on the light ring. As shown in fig. 9 and 10, the preset width refers to the minimum light-transmitting groove width set according to the requirement.
According to the design method of the aperture light-transmitting structure, the matched theoretical light-transmitting groove is designed according to the functional relation between the preset light-transmitting intensity and the aperture angle, and then the through hole is arranged at the position where the width of the theoretical light-transmitting groove is smaller than the preset width to replace the theoretical light-transmitting groove at the position, so that the light-transmitting structure is the through hole in the aperture angle range where the light-transmitting intensity is smaller, the design of the light-transmitting structure at the position where the light-transmitting intensity of the aperture is smaller is realized, and therefore, under the limited condition, when the light source is weaker, the light-transmitting intensity of the aperture and the angle of the aperture have a better functional relation.
On the basis of the above embodiment, referring to fig. 2, according to the light source distribution and the preset functional relationship between the light transmission intensity and the aperture angle, obtaining the theoretical light transmission intensity at different angles of the aperture includes: and obtaining the maximum light transmission intensity according to the light source distribution.
Specifically, according to the light distribution function l=f (x, y), (x 2 +y 2 ＜r 2 ) And integrating it to obtain maximum light transmission intensity, i.e. L integral ＝∫f(x，y)dxdy。
The preset light transmission intensity and the aperture angle are in an exponential function change relation, and specifically, the exponential function change relation between the preset light transmission intensity and the aperture angle is as follows:
wherein alpha is the angle of the aperture, k is the proportionality coefficient, L integral At maximum light transmission intensityM is the light transmission intensity when the aperture is rotated by an angle α, as shown in fig. 4. The luminance response of the human eye is logarithmic based on weber-fishena law, which is converted to logarithm as shown in fig. 5.
Further, the maximum light transmission intensity L calculated from the light source distribution integral And obtaining theoretical light transmission intensity m under different angles of the aperture according to an exponential function change relation between preset light transmission intensity and aperture angle Theory of ，
Wherein, according to the theory light transmission intensity under the different angles of light ring, obtain the theory light transmission groove width under the different angles of light ring, form the theory light transmission groove and include: acquiring the value range of the width of the light transmission groove according to the light source light spot radius and the set number of the light transmission grooves; specifically, the light source spot radius r is measured, the number n of the light transmission grooves is set according to the requirement, the value range of the width of the light transmission grooves is 0-2 r/n, namely the maximum width of the light transmission grooves is 2r/n, and the minimum width of the light transmission grooves is 0. And under any angle of the aperture, acquiring the width of the initial light transmission groove according to the value range of the width of the light transmission groove, wherein the width of the initial light transmission groove under any angle of the aperture is the median value of the value range, namely r/n. Under the width of the initial light transmission groove, overlapping the light transmission groove and the light source light spots, as shown in fig. 7, obtaining the actual light transmission intensity of the aperture at the angle, namely obtaining the actual light transmission intensity m of the aperture at any position when the width of the initial light transmission groove is r/n Actual practice is that of 。
Further, according to the actual light transmission intensity m Actual practice is that of And theoretical light transmission intensity m Theory of The initial light transmission groove width is subjected to iterative correction to obtain the theoretical light transmission groove width, so that the actual light transmission intensity m is lower than the theoretical light transmission groove width Actual practice is that of And theoretical light transmission intensity m Theory of The deviation of (2) is less than a preset value. The preset value is set according to the application scene and the requirement of the aperture. Specifically, when the aperture is at any position, the actual light transmission intensity m Actual practice is that of And theoretical light transmission intensity m Theory of When the deviation of the light transmission line is larger than or equal to a preset value, resetting the width of the initial light transmission groove, and calculating the actual light transmission intensity m again Actual practice is that of And theoretical light transmission intensity m Theory of If the deviation between the two is smaller than the preset value, the width of the light transmission groove at the moment is the theoretical light transmission groove width; if not, continuing to set the width of the initial light transmission groove until the actual light transmission intensity m Actual practice is that of And theoretical light transmission intensity m Theory of The deviation of (2) is less than a preset value.
Further, the actual light transmission intensity m Actual practice is that of Less than the theoretical light transmission intensity m Theory of Increasing the width of the initial light transmission groove; actual light transmission intensity m Actual practice is that of Is greater than the theoretical light transmission intensity m Theory of When the initial light transmission groove width is reduced. Specifically, when the aperture is at any angle, the width of the initial light transmission groove is r/n, if the actual light transmission intensity m Actual practice is that of Less than the theoretical light transmission intensity m Theory of When the width of the initial light transmission groove is increased, namely the width of the initial light transmission groove is increased to be any value between r/n and 2 r/n; if the actual light transmission intensity m Actual practice is that of Is greater than the theoretical light transmission intensity m Theory of And when the width of the initial light transmission groove is reduced, namely the width of the initial light transmission groove is reduced to any value between 0 and r/n.
In a preferred embodiment, the actual light transmission intensity m Actual practice is that of Less than the theoretical light transmission intensity m Theory of When increasing the initial light transmission groove width includes: increasing the width of the initial light transmission groove to be 3/2 of the width of the initial light transmission groove; actual light transmission intensity m Actual practice is that of Greater than the theoretical light transmission intensity m Theory of When the initial light transmission groove width is reduced, the method comprises the following steps: the width of the initial light-transmitting groove is reduced to 1/2 of the width of the initial light-transmitting groove. Specifically, under a certain angle, the diaphragm obtains the actual light transmission intensity m of the width r/n of the initial light transmission groove Actual practice is that of Theoretical light transmission intensity m of the width of the initial light transmission groove under the same angle Theory of Comparing, and when the deviation of the two is smaller than a preset value, the initial light transmission groove width is the theoretical light transmission groove width under the angle; if the angle is the angle, the actual light transmission intensity m of the initial light transmission groove width Actual practice is that of Theoretical light transmission intensity with the width of the initial light transmission groove under the same anglem Theory of The deviation between the two is larger than or equal to a preset value, the width value range of the light transmission groove is changed from original 0-2 r/n to 0-r/n or r/n-2 r/n, namely, the actual light transmission intensity m Actual practice is that of Less than the theoretical light transmission intensity m Theory of Setting the width of the initial light transmission groove to be 3r/2n; at the actual light transmission intensity m Actual practice is that of Greater than the theoretical light transmission intensity m Theory of Setting the width of the initial light transmission groove to be r/2n; again comparing the actual light transmission intensity m at the width of the initial light transmission groove set to r/2n or 3r/2n Actual practice is that of Theoretical light transmission intensity m of the width of the initial light transmission groove under the same angle Theory of If the deviation is smaller than the preset value, the width of the initial light transmission groove is the width of the theoretical light transmission groove, if the deviation is larger than or equal to the preset value, the iterative correction is continued until the actual strength m under the width of the initial light transmission groove Actual practice is that of And theoretical light transmission intensity m Theory of The deviation between them is smaller than a preset value.
In this embodiment, when the actual light transmission intensity is smaller than the theoretical light transmission intensity, the width of the initial light transmission groove is increased, and when the actual light transmission intensity is larger than the theoretical light transmission intensity, the initial light transmission intensity is reduced, which is not limited thereto, and the newton iteration method may be adopted to perform iterative calculation, so that the deviation between the actual light transmission intensity and the theoretical light transmission intensity is smaller than a preset value.
Further, the part that the width of theory light-transmitting groove is less than the width of predetermineeing, set up the through-hole and replace the light-transmitting groove further includes: calculating the area of a part of the theoretical light-transmitting groove with the width smaller than the preset width from one end; when the area of a section of theoretical light-transmitting groove is larger than or equal to a preset area, a through hole is arranged to replace the section of theoretical light-transmitting groove; and the areas of the through holes are gradually decreased along the direction that the width of the theoretical light-transmitting groove is gradually decreased.
Because of the limitation of the processing precision, the light-transmitting groove cannot be processed when the width of the light-transmitting groove is smaller or the processed light-transmitting groove does not meet the requirement. Based on this, the preset width provided in the embodiment is the minimum width meeting the machining precision, and the preset area is the minimum through hole area under the machining precision; specifically, where the width of the theoretical light-transmitting groove is smaller than the minimum width achieved by processing, performing sectional integral calculation on the area of the theoretical light-transmitting groove, namely s= wdl, wherein s is the area of the theoretical light-transmitting groove with the length of l sections, and w is the width of the theoretical light-transmitting groove; and (3) replacing the section of the light-transmitting groove with a through hole at the position of the light-transmitting groove every time s is equal to the minimum through hole area which can be achieved by processing, until the width of the theoretical light-transmitting groove is not smaller than the minimum width which can be achieved by processing. The areas of the through holes are gradually decreased along the direction that the width of the theoretical light-transmitting groove is gradually decreased. In a preferred embodiment, the integration may be performed progressively along the portion where the width of the theoretical light-transmitting groove is smallest, but the calculation from which portion is not particularly limited in the present invention.
In this embodiment, the preset width and the preset area are not particularly limited, and the design requirements can be met through processing.
On the basis of the above embodiment, according to the theoretical light transmission intensity under the different angles of the aperture, obtaining the theoretical light transmission groove width under the different angles of the aperture, forming the theoretical light transmission groove further includes: determining the central line of each light transmission groove according to the light source light spot radius, the light source light spot positions and the set number of the light transmission grooves; wherein, set up the radial interval between two adjacent light-transmitting grooves equal, then the central line in the ith light-transmitting groove of light-transmitting groove from the light ring center to edge obtains through following formula:
r i the radius of the center line of the ith light-transmitting groove from the center of the aperture to the edge is the radius of the center line of the aperture; d is the distance from the center of the light-transmitting groove to the center of the light source light spot, r is the radius of the light source light spot, and n is the set number of the light-transmitting grooves.
Specifically, according to the requirements of application scenes of the aperture, defining the aperture radius as R, the radius of the light source light spot as R, and obtaining the distance d=R-R from the center of the aperture to the center of the light source light spot, wherein the set number of the light transmission grooves is n, the light transmission grooves are arranged in the light transmission grooves at equal intervals, and the centers of the light transmission grooves are the sameThe line is an arc with the center of the aperture as the center of the circle. In one embodiment, i=1, the radius of the center line of the first light-transmitting groove from the center to the edge of the aperture with respect to the center of the aperture is r i The center position of the diaphragm and the radius of the center line of the first light-transmitting groove from the center to the edge of the diaphragm with respect to the center of the diaphragm are known, i.e., the radius of the center line of the first light-transmitting groove, whereby the center line of the light-transmitting groove can be obtained. Further, the coordinates of each point on two sides of the theoretical light-transmitting groove can be obtained by calculating the center line of each theoretical light-transmitting groove and the width of the theoretical light-transmitting groove under each angle of the aperture, and two adjacent points on each side are connected in a straight line, so that the whole theoretical light-transmitting groove can be formed, as shown in fig. 6.
Further, based on the above embodiment, the method for designing the aperture light-transmitting structure provided by the present invention further includes: the aperture full-transmission portion and the aperture full-shielding portion are provided, and referring to fig. 8, the aperture full-transmission portion and the aperture full-shielding portion are provided in the aperture, where the aperture full-shielding portion is assumed full-shielding portion, and the actual opaque positions in the aperture are full-shielding portions. Acquiring the initial position and the final position of the theoretical light-transmitting groove according to the full transmission position and the full shielding position of the aperture, wherein the darkest position of the aperture is required to completely shield light spots of a light source, so that the tail end of the theoretical light-transmitting groove is positioned on a shielding circumference; the brightest part of the aperture needs to transmit all light spots of the light source, so that the head end of the light transmission groove is positioned on a full transmission circumference; based on this requirement, the starting position and the ending position of the two sides of each light-transmitting groove under each angle of the aperture can be determined, specifically, the position of the edge curve is corrected according to the angle difference between the starting position and the ending position of each side of each light-transmitting groove, so that the theoretical light-transmitting groove is adapted to the full circle and the full circle, that is, the starting position and the ending position of the theoretical light-transmitting groove shown in fig. 6 are arranged on the full circle and the full circle by stretching or compressing the theoretical light-transmitting groove, as shown in fig. 8.
According to the design method, when the aperture is at any position, the light transmission intensity and the angle of the aperture have a good exponential function relationship, so that fluctuation of the light transmission intensity along with the angle change of the aperture is avoided when the light source distribution consistency is poor.
In one embodiment, according to the application environment, an aperture with 4 theoretical light transmission grooves is required to be designed, the distribution of light sources is normal, as shown in fig. 3, the distribution variance sigma=10.0, the radius r of a light spot light source=10mm, the distance between the center of the aperture and the center of the light spot of the light source is 30mm, namely, the distance d=30mm from the center of the light transmission groove to the center of the light spot of the light source, when the aperture rotates 300 DEG, the light transmission is 1/800 of full transmission, namely, the main adjustment interval of the aperture is 0-300 DEG, the relation between the maximum light transmission intensity and the minimum light transmission intensity is 1/800, the relation between the light transmission intensity and the aperture angle of the aperture can be referred to fig. 4 and 5, the angular resolution is 1 DEG, and the processing precision maximum can process a through hole with the radius of 0.01 mm.
The relation between the brightness of any point and the point coordinates is l=f (x, y), (x 2 +y 2 ＜r 2 ) Integrating to obtain the maximum light transmission intensity L integral ＝∫f(x，y)dxdy。
According to a preset functional relation between the light transmission intensity and the aperture angle:
the theoretical light transmission intensity of all angles of the aperture within the main adjustment interval of 0-300 degrees is calculated. As known, when the aperture rotates by 1 DEG, the light transmission intensity is changed by z times, and when the aperture rotates by 300 DEG, the relationship of the change times of the light transmission intensity is z 300 Converted into logarithm to obtain theoretical light transmission intensity of m (1) =L when aperture angle is rotated by 1 degree integral ×e -lg(800)/300 At this time, -lg (800)/300 is a proportionality coefficient k, wherein k is closely related to design requirements, and comprises the steering range of the aperture and the multiple relation of the light transmission in the maximum angle and the minimum angle in the steering range, namely, the steering angle range is the same, and k is different when the multiple relation of the light transmission between the minimum angle and the maximum angle is different. The value range of the width W of the light transmission groove is 0-2 r/n, namely W max ＝2r/n＝5mm，W min =0, calculated first with the median value of the range (w min +w max ) 2, i.e. the initial light transmission groove width w=2.5, a schematic diagram of superimposing the light source spot and the light transmission groove, i.e. a mask diagram, as shown in fig. 7, the mask diagram equation is:
the actual light transmission intensity at this theoretical light transmission groove width is calculated,
m＝∫f(x，y)g(x，y)dxdy；
if m is Actual practice is that of Less than m (1), modifying the lower value of the width range of the initial light transmission groove to be w min ＝(w min +w max ) 2, namely W is 2.5-5 mm in value range, and the median value in the range is calculated again; if m is Actual practice is that of The value of the value range of the width of the initial light transmission groove is modified to be w more than m (1) max ＝(w min +w max ) 2, namely, the value range of W is 0-2.5 mm, and calculating the median again; iterating continuously until m Actual practice is that of The difference between the aperture stop and the aperture stop (m) is smaller than 0.1, and the width of the light-transmitting groove is the width of the theoretical light-transmitting groove when the aperture stop is at 1 degree.
In the same way, the groove width of the theoretical light-transmitting groove with the angular rotation of the diaphragm of 2 °, 3 °, … … ° is calculated.
According to the formulaCalculating the central line of each theoretical light transmission groove; according to the center line of the theoretical light-transmitting groove and the width of the theoretical light-transmitting groove under each angle of the aperture, the coordinates of each point on two sides of the theoretical light-transmitting groove can be obtained, and two adjacent points on each side are connected in a straight line, so that the whole theoretical light-transmitting groove can be formed, as shown in fig. 6.
Further, the full transparent circle and the full shielding circle are placed, and the starting position and the ending position of the theoretical transparent groove are matched with the full transparent circle and the full shielding circle through stretching or compression, namely, the edge line of the theoretical transparent groove is stretched to the full transparent circle and the full shielding circle according to the angle proportion, as shown in fig. 8.
Minimum machining due to limitation of machining precisionA through hole with a radius of 0.01 mm. And when the width of the theoretical light-transmitting groove is smaller than the preset width of 0.01mm, arranging a through hole to replace the theoretical light-transmitting groove. The preset width in the present invention is set according to the requirement, and is not limited thereto, and may be any width. Starting from the narrowest point of the theoretical light transmission groove width, the area of the light transmission groove is integrated progressively, namely s= jc wdl, and the integrated area s is larger than pi (0.01) 2 When the circular hole with the radius of 0.01mm is arranged at the position; when the width of the light transmission groove is larger than 0.02, the integral area s is larger than pi (0.02) 2 Placing a round hole with the radius of 0.02 mm; and so on, the radius of the hole is increased until the width of the theoretical light-transmitting groove is greater than or equal to 0.01mm, at which time the width of the theoretical light-transmitting groove is already within the processing capability range, and referring to fig. 9 and 10, thereby the aperture meeting the actual requirements can be obtained.
According to the design method of the aperture light transmission structure, the through holes are adopted to replace the parts which do not meet the width of the light transmission groove with processing precision, so that when the light intensity of the aperture is smaller, a plurality of through holes are still arranged on the aperture to transmit light, and the light transmission intensity and the angle of the aperture have a better exponential function relation; when the light distribution consistency of the light source is poor, obvious fluctuation of the light intensity curve can not occur, and the observation is prevented from being influenced.
The invention also provides a diaphragm 1, and the design method of the diaphragm light-transmitting structure in any embodiment comprises a diaphragm body, wherein the diaphragm body is provided with a full through hole 3 and a light-transmitting structure, the light-transmitting structure comprises light-transmitting grooves 2 and through holes 4, the plurality of light-transmitting grooves 2 are distributed along the radial direction of the diaphragm 1 at equal intervals, and particularly, the light-transmitting structure is arranged between a full through part 7 and a full shielding part 6, wherein the full through part 7 is the part shown by the full through hole 3, the widths of the plurality of light-transmitting grooves 2 are equal, the light-transmitting grooves are distributed along the radial direction of the diaphragm 1, and the distances between any two adjacent light-transmitting grooves are equal. The central line of the light-transmitting groove 2 is arc-shaped, the head end of the light-transmitting groove 2 is connected with the full through hole 3, a plurality of through holes 4 are connected with the tail end of the light-transmitting groove 2, and the areas of the through holes are gradually reduced along the direction that the width of the light-transmitting groove is gradually reduced. Specifically, the center line of the light-transmitting groove 2 is centered on the center of the aperture 1, an arc is drawn on the radius of the center line of the light-transmitting groove 2, the head end of the light-transmitting groove 2 is connected with the full through hole 3, a plurality of through holes are connected to the tail end of each light-transmitting groove 2, the areas of the through holes 4 are gradually reduced along the direction that the width of the light-transmitting groove is gradually reduced, and the light-transmitting intensity is gradually reduced.
Further, reinforcing ribs are respectively arranged in the full through hole 3 and the at least one light-transmitting groove 2. As shown in fig. 9, in particular, the inside of the full through hole 3 is provided with a reinforcing rib 5, so that the connection between the full through hole and the aperture body and the connection between the full through hole 3 and the light transmission groove 2 can be reinforced; the inside in at least one printing opacity groove 2 is equipped with strengthening rib 5, can strengthen the support between printing opacity groove 2 and the light ring body, improves stability. The number and positions of the reinforcing ribs in the through holes 3 and in the at least one light-transmitting groove 2 are not particularly limited in the present invention, and stability may be satisfied. The size of the reinforcing rib is not particularly limited, and may be set as required without affecting the light transmission strength. Such an aperture may be applied to an endoscope, among other things.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for designing a diaphragm light-transmitting structure, comprising:
calculating light source distribution;
acquiring theoretical light transmission intensity under different angles of the aperture according to the light source distribution and the preset functional relation between the light transmission intensity and the aperture angle;
according to the theoretical light transmission intensity of the aperture under different angles, acquiring the widths of the theoretical light transmission grooves of the aperture under different angles, and forming the theoretical light transmission grooves;
a through hole is arranged at a position where the width of the theoretical light-transmitting groove is smaller than the preset width to replace the theoretical light-transmitting groove;
according to the light source distribution and the preset functional relation between the light transmission intensity and the aperture angle, the obtaining of the theoretical light transmission intensity under different angles of the aperture comprises the following steps:
obtaining the maximum light transmission intensity according to the light source distribution;
the preset light transmission intensity and the aperture angle are in an exponential function change relation;
obtaining theoretical light transmission intensity under different angles of the aperture according to the maximum light transmission intensity and the exponential function change relation between the preset light transmission intensity and the aperture angle;
according to the theoretical light transmission intensity under the different angles of the aperture, obtain the theoretical light transmission groove width under the different angles of the aperture, form the theoretical light transmission groove and include:
acquiring the value range of the width of the light transmission groove according to the light source light spot radius and the set number of the light transmission grooves;
acquiring the width of the initial light transmission groove according to the value range of the width of the light transmission groove at any angle of the aperture;
overlapping the light transmission groove and the light source light spots under the width of the initial light transmission groove to obtain the actual light transmission intensity of the aperture at the angle;
and carrying out iterative correction on the initial light transmission groove width according to the deviation of the actual light transmission intensity and the theoretical light transmission intensity to obtain the theoretical light transmission groove width, so that the deviation of the actual light transmission intensity and the theoretical light transmission intensity is smaller than a preset value under the theoretical light transmission groove width.
2. The method for designing a light-transmitting aperture structure according to claim 1, wherein iteratively correcting the initial light-transmitting slot width according to the deviation of the actual light-transmitting intensity and the theoretical light-transmitting intensity to obtain a theoretical light-transmitting slot width, so that the deviation of the actual light-transmitting intensity and the theoretical light-transmitting intensity is smaller than a preset value under the theoretical light-transmitting slot width further comprises:
when the actual light transmission intensity is smaller than the theoretical light transmission intensity, increasing the width of the initial light transmission groove;
and when the actual light transmission intensity is larger than the theoretical light transmission intensity, reducing the width of the initial light transmission groove.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein increasing the initial light transmission groove width when the actual light transmission intensity is less than the theoretical light transmission intensity comprises: increasing the width of the initial light-transmitting groove to be 3/2 of the width of the initial light-transmitting groove;
when the actual light transmission intensity is greater than the theoretical light transmission intensity, reducing the initial light transmission groove width includes: the width of the initial light-transmitting groove is reduced to be 1/2 of the width of the initial light-transmitting groove.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of providing a through hole instead of the light-transmitting groove at a portion where the width of the theoretical light-transmitting groove is smaller than a predetermined width further comprises:
calculating the area of a part of the theoretical light-transmitting groove with the width smaller than the preset width from one end;
when the area of one section of the theoretical light-transmitting groove is larger than or equal to a preset area, a through hole is arranged to replace the section of the theoretical light-transmitting groove; and the areas of the through holes are gradually decreased along the direction that the width of the theoretical light-transmitting groove is gradually decreased.
5. The method for designing a light-transmitting structure of an aperture according to claim 1, wherein obtaining the width of the theoretical light-transmitting groove at different angles of the aperture according to the theoretical light-transmitting intensity at different angles of the aperture, and forming the theoretical light-transmitting groove further comprises:
determining the central line of each light transmission groove according to the light source light spot radius, the light source light spot positions and the set number of the light transmission grooves;
wherein, set up the radial interval between two adjacent light-transmitting grooves equal, then the central line in the ith light-transmitting groove of light-transmitting groove from the light ring center to edge obtains through following formula:
（i=1、2…n）
r i the radius of the center line of the ith light-transmitting groove from the center of the aperture to the edge is the radius of the center line of the aperture; d is the distance from the center of the aperture to the center of the light source light spot, r is the radius of the light source light spot, and n is the set number of the light transmission grooves.
6. The method of designing an aperture transparent structure according to claim 1, further comprising:
setting a full aperture part and a full aperture part;
and acquiring the initial position and the final position of the theoretical light transmission groove according to the aperture full-penetration part and the aperture full-shielding part.
7. An aperture, a design method for a light-transmitting structure of an aperture according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising an aperture body, wherein the aperture body is provided with a full through hole and a light-transmitting structure, the light-transmitting structure comprises a light-transmitting groove and a through hole, a plurality of light-transmitting grooves are distributed along the radial equidistant direction of the aperture, the center line of the light-transmitting groove is arc-shaped, the head end of the light-transmitting groove is connected with the full through hole, the tail end of the light-transmitting groove is connected with a plurality of through holes, and the area of the through holes is gradually reduced along the direction of gradually reducing the width of the light-transmitting groove.
8. The diaphragm of claim 7 wherein the inside of the full aperture and the inside of at least one of the light-transmissive grooves are each provided with a stiffener.
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| EP0794410A2 (en) * | 1996-03-04 | 1997-09-10 | Alps Electric Co., Ltd. | Code plate of optical rotary encoder |
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