CN113776986A - Device and method for measuring apparent density of piled materials - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring apparent density of piled materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN113776986A CN113776986A CN202110998118.8A CN202110998118A CN113776986A CN 113776986 A CN113776986 A CN 113776986A CN 202110998118 A CN202110998118 A CN 202110998118A CN 113776986 A CN113776986 A CN 113776986A
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- test cover
- test
- apparent density
- differential pressure
- flowmeter
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000109 continuous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001739 density measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011005 laboratory method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
- G01N9/36—Analysing materials by measuring the density or specific gravity, e.g. determining quantity of moisture
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
- G01N9/02—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by measuring weight of a known volume
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
- G01N9/26—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by measuring pressure differences
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
- G01N9/02—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by measuring weight of a known volume
- G01N2009/022—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by measuring weight of a known volume of solids
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring apparent density of stockpile, which comprises the following steps of 1) buckling a test cover on a flat and open cement terrace, and marking the position; 2) opening the regulating valve, and starting the fan to keep inflating the test cover; 3) increasing the opening of the regulating valve, repeating the step 2 for more than 6 times, and readingP i And instantaneous flow of flowmeterQ i (ii) a 4) Closing the regulating valve, and gradually reducing the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the test cover, 5) removing the test cover, and pouring the weighed material pile to be tested with the mass M into the outline of the original position of the test cover in the step 1; 6) buckling the test cover in situ according to the test cover mark points in the step 1; 7) repeating the step 3 and the step 4 under the state that the test cover is internally provided with the stacking material to be tested; 8) calculating the apparent density of the measured piled materialp. The structure of the inventionAnd reasonably, the apparent density of the stacking material can be accurately measured by measuring the difference value of the internal volume of the test cover in the two states of the built-in stacking material and the un-built-in stacking material to be measured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material density measurement, belongs to a determination method for determining apparent density of a stacking material, and particularly relates to a device and a method for determining the apparent density of the stacking material.
Background
Apparent density is the fundamental data of a material, referring to the ratio of the mass of the material to the apparent volume (real volume plus closed pore volume). The method can accurately measure the apparent density of the powder and granular bodies, and has important practical significance in the aspects of void ratio calculation, yield estimation, supply and demand measurement, process proportioning and the like.
Currently, a series of methods for measuring apparent density are established according to national standards for different types of continuous materials or powder particles, and typical methods include determination of foam and rubber apparent density (GB/T6343-2009/ISO 845: 2006), "determination of iron ore apparent density, true density and porosity (GB/T245886-2009)," determination of surfactant apparent density (GB/T6373-2007), "Industrial sodium tripolyphosphate test method" (GB/T9984-2008), "determination of wooden activated carbon test method/apparent density (GB/T12496.1-1999), and the like. These methods are all laboratory methods and are achieved by measuring the standard volume of a small sample of material and then weighing to obtain the apparent density. In order to make the measured result as close as possible to the true value of the apparent density, the method not only has requirements on the particle size specification of the material, but also makes the measured result of the volume of the material close to the apparent volume by using drainage (for large-particle materials such as iron ore), compaction (for powder materials such as various industrial powders) and other means during measurement. However, drainage or compaction may alter or break the material properties, leading to large errors in the measurement results. Furthermore, the existing measurement methods do not truly reflect the apparent density of the material, particularly the bulk material, subject to the sampling volume of the material. Further, in the case of an uneven powder pile, the structure of the voids between the particles is complicated, and the limitation of measuring the apparent density by the above method is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for measuring the apparent density of a piled material, which has a reasonable structure, is convenient and quick to operate and can accurately measure the apparent density of the piled material of the powder particles on site.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for determining apparent density of a pile, which can determine the difference between the internal volume of a test enclosure in a built-in state and a non-built-in state of the pile to be measured, thereby realizing accurate determination of the apparent density of the pile.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: the utility model provides a survey device of windrow apparent density, the open rigidity test cover of end opening, its end opening cooperatees with smooth cement terrace, is installing differential pressure gauge and thermometer respectively on two through-holes that the test cover set up, and the exhaust pipe of fan is through the filter, governing valve and the flowmeter that connect gradually on it, and the flowmeter is connected with the fresh air inlet of test cover.
The test hood is made of metal or plastic or organic glass.
The wind pressure of the fan is 800-1300 Pa.
The air volume can be but is not limited to 1700-3500m3/h。
The test cover does not need to be effectively sealed with the cement terrace, and the consistency of two measurement states can be kept only by keeping the same placing positions before and after the test cover is placed into the to-be-measured stacking material.
The difference value between the internal pressure and the external pressure of the test cover is not higher than 1000 Pa.
Differential pressure values obtained in the absence of pile material in the test housingP i And the pressure difference value obtained under the state that the test cover is internally provided with the stacking material to be testedp i Are all set in the range of 500Pa to 1000 Pa.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: a method for measuring apparent density of piled materials comprises the following steps,
1) buckling the test cover on a flat and open cement terrace, and marking the position;
2) opening the regulating valve, starting the fan to keep inflating the test cover, and regulating the opening of the regulating valve to make the differential pressure gauge in a stable value so as toP 1Recording and simultaneously recording the first instantaneous flow of the flowmeterQ 1；
3) Increasing the opening of the regulating valve, repeating the step 2 for more than 6 times to obtain a plurality of groups of differential pressure gauge readingsP i And the first instantaneous flow of the flowmeterQ i ；
4) Closing the regulating valve, gradually reducing the pressure difference inside and outside the test cover, and recording the time-dependent change rate d of the pressure difference valueP i /dt;
5) Removing the test cover, and pouring the weighed stockpile to be tested with the mass M into the outline of the original position of the test cover in the step 1;
6) buckling the test cover in situ according to the test cover mark points in the step 1;
7) repeating the step 3 and the step 4 under the state that the test cover is internally provided with the stacking material to be tested, and obtaining a plurality of groups of differential pressure gauge readingsp i Second instantaneous flow of the flowmeterq i And the rate of change d of the internal and external differential pressure values with time after closing the regulating valveP i /dt, wherein maintenancep i AndP i the consistency is achieved as much as possible;
8) fitting P separately i AndQ i 、p i andq i the functional relationship between the internal and external differential pressure values of the test cover and the instantaneous flow of the flowmeter under two groups of test states is obtained and recorded as
Q i =f(P i ) Andq i =g(p i ) According to the formula
Calculating the apparent density of the measured piled materialp。
The invention comprises a test cover, a fan, a filter, an adjusting valve, a flowmeter, a differential pressure gauge and a thermometer. The test cover is installed on the test terrace, and the differential pressure gauge and the thermometer are connected on the test cover. The fan exit linkage filter, the governing valve is connected to the filter, and the flowmeter is connected to the governing valve, and the flowmeter passes through the tube coupling test cover.
The test cover is a rigid structure with an open bottom, and the material of the test cover can be a light cover body made of metal, plastic, organic glass and other materials. The fan is a common fan with low pressure head and large air volume. The filter is used for filtering dust, water vapor, oil mist and the like. The regulating valve is a butterfly valve capable of manually or automatically regulating the opening.
Has the advantages that:
(1) when the gas is filled, the gas only fills the gaps between the materials and the pores communicated with the outside, so the measured result accurately reflects the apparent density of the materials. (2) The difference value between the internal pressure and the external pressure of the test cover is not higher than 1000Pa, and the requirements on the pressure head of the fan and the strength of the test cover are not high. (3) The test hood need not be effectively sealed with the floor. The consistency of the two measurement states can be kept as long as the placing positions of the tested piled materials before and after the piled materials are placed are kept the same, so that the scheme has the advantages of rapidness, convenience and simplicity.
The invention has reasonable structure, has low requirement on the strength of the pressure head and the test cover of the fan, accurately reflects the apparent density of materials and improves the working efficiency.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, and fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of the invention.
Detailed Description
A device for measuring apparent density of stockpile is shown in figure 1, a rigid test cover 1 with an open lower opening is provided, the lower opening of the rigid test cover 1 is matched with a flat cement terrace 8, a differential pressure gauge 6 and a thermometer 7 are respectively arranged on two through holes arranged on the test cover 1, an exhaust pipe of a fan is sequentially connected with a filter 3, a regulating valve 4 and a flowmeter 5 through the exhaust pipe, and the flowmeter 5 is connected with an air inlet hole of the test cover 1.
A measuring method of a device for measuring apparent density of a pile is disclosed, as shown in figure 1, and comprises the following steps:
1. selecting a flat and open cement terrace, buckling the test cover 1 on the terrace and marking the position;
2. opening the regulating valve 4, starting the fan 2, keeping the test cover 1 inflated, and adjusting the opening of the regulating valve 4 until the differential pressure gauge 6 is at a stable value, so as toP 1Recording, simultaneously recording the first instantaneous flow of the flowmeter 5Q 1Recording;
3. increasing the opening of the regulating valve 4, repeating the step 2 for more than 6 times, and obtaining a plurality of groups of readings of the differential pressure gauge 6P iAnd the first instantaneous flow of the flowmeter 5Q iIn the practical use process,P imay be, but is not limited to, 500Pa to 1000 Pa;
4. the regulating valve 4 is closed, the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the test cover 1 is gradually reduced, and the change rate of the pressure difference value along with the time is recordeddP i / dt；
5. Remove the test hood 1 and weigh a mass ofMThe stockpile to be tested is poured into the outline of the original position of the test cover 1 in the step 1;
6. buckling the test cover 1 in situ according to the mark points of the test cover 1 in the step 1;
7. repeating the steps 3 and 4 under the condition that the test cover 1 is internally provided with the stockpile to be tested, and obtaining the readings of a plurality of groups of differential pressure gauges 6p iSecond instantaneous flow of the flowmeterq iAnd the rate of change of the internal and external differential pressure values over time after closing the regulating valvedp i /dtIn which holdp iAndP ithe consistency is as much as possible, and in practical use,p imay be, but is not limited to, 500Pa to 1000 Pa;
8. fitting separatelyP iAndQ i、p iandq ithe functional relationship between the internal and external differential pressure values of the test cover and the instantaneous flow of the flowmeter under two test states is obtained and recorded asQ i=f(P i) Andq i=g(p i) In practical use, the fitting function may be in the form of, but not limited to, a polynomial, a power function, etc.,
calculating the apparent density of the measured pile according to the following formulaρ
Claims (7)
1. An apparatus for determining apparent density of a pile, comprising: open rigidity test cover (1) of end opening, its end opening cooperatees with smooth cement terrace (8), is installing differential pressure gauge (6) and thermometer (7) respectively on two through-holes that test cover (1) set up, and filter (3), governing valve (4) and flowmeter (5) that the exhaust pipe of fan connected gradually through it are connected gradually, and flowmeter (5) are connected with the fresh air inlet of test cover (1).
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the apparatus for determining apparent density of the bulk material comprises: there are the following steps of,
1) buckling the test cover (1) on a flat and open cement floor (8), and marking the position;
2) opening the regulating valve (4), starting the fan (2) to keep inflating the test cover (1), adjusting the opening of the regulating valve (4) to enable the differential pressure gauge (6) to be at a stable value, and further enabling the differential pressure gauge to be at a stable valueP 1Recording, simultaneously recording, the first instantaneous flow of the flowmeter (5)Q 1；
3) The opening degree of the regulating valve (4) is increased, the step 2 is repeated for more than 6 times, and a plurality of groups of differential pressure gauge (6) readings are obtainedP i And the first instantaneous flow of the flowmeter (5)Q i ；
4) The regulating valve (4) is closed, the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the test cover (1) is gradually reduced, and the change rate d of the pressure difference value along with the time is recordedP i /dt;
5) Removing the test cover (1), and pouring the weighed stack (9) to be tested with the mass M into the profile of the original position of the test cover (1) in the step (1);
6) buckling the test cover (1) in situ according to the mark points of the test cover (1) in the step 1;
7) repeating the steps 3 and 4 under the condition that the test cover (1) is internally provided with the stockpile (9) to be tested, and obtaining the reading of a plurality of groups of differential pressure gauges (6)p i A second instantaneous flow rate of the flowmeter (5)q i And the rate of change d of the internal and external differential pressure values with time after closing the regulating valve (4)P i /dt, wherein maintenancep i AndP i the consistency is achieved as much as possible;
8) fitting P separately i AndQ i 、p i andq i the functional relationship between the internal and external differential pressure values of the test cover (1) and the instantaneous flow of the flowmeter (5) under two groups of test states is obtained and recorded as
Q i =f(P i ) Andq i =g(p i ) According to the formula
Calculating the apparent density of the measured piled materialp。
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the test hood (1) is made of metal or plastic or organic glass.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the wind pressure of the fan (2) is 800-1300 Pa.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the apparatus for measuring bulk apparent density comprises: the test cover (1) is not required to be effectively sealed with the cement terrace (8), and the consistency of two measurement states can be kept only by keeping the same placing positions before and after the test cover is placed into the to-be-measured stacking material (9).
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the apparatus for measuring bulk apparent density comprises: the difference value between the internal pressure and the external pressure of the test cover (1) is not higher than 1000 Pa.
7. The method of claim 2, wherein the apparatus for measuring bulk apparent density comprises: differential pressure values obtained in the absence of pile material in the test housing (1)P i And obtaining the material to be tested in the built-in test cover (1)Pressure difference value ofp i Are all set in the range of 500Pa to 1000 Pa.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110998118.8A CN113776986B (en) | 2021-08-27 | 2021-08-27 | Device and method for measuring apparent density of stacking |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110998118.8A CN113776986B (en) | 2021-08-27 | 2021-08-27 | Device and method for measuring apparent density of stacking |
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| CN113776986A true CN113776986A (en) | 2021-12-10 |
| CN113776986B CN113776986B (en) | 2023-10-27 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114324059A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-04-12 | 西南石油大学 | Device and method for accurately testing apparent density of light material in well cementation cement slurry system |
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2021
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114324059A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-04-12 | 西南石油大学 | Device and method for accurately testing apparent density of light material in well cementation cement slurry system |
| CN114324059B (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2023-11-03 | 西南石油大学 | Device and method for accurately testing apparent density of light material in well cementation cement slurry system |
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| CN113776986B (en) | 2023-10-27 |
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