CN113776432A - Full-automatic photoelectric plumb line coordinatograph - Google Patents

Full-automatic photoelectric plumb line coordinatograph Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113776432A
CN113776432A CN202111177242.4A CN202111177242A CN113776432A CN 113776432 A CN113776432 A CN 113776432A CN 202111177242 A CN202111177242 A CN 202111177242A CN 113776432 A CN113776432 A CN 113776432A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
light source
circuit
angle control
light
control window
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Pending
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CN202111177242.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张兴斌
冯长中
张忠
陈禹旭
王瑾
蒋健龙
田亮
岳红波
程敦旵
李梦祺
马晓鑫
李佳
姚辉
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Central Research Institute of Building and Construction Co Ltd MCC Group
MCC Inspection and Certification Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Central Research Institute of Building and Construction Co Ltd MCC Group
MCC Inspection and Certification Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Central Research Institute of Building and Construction Co Ltd MCC Group, MCC Inspection and Certification Co Ltd filed Critical Central Research Institute of Building and Construction Co Ltd MCC Group
Priority to CN202111177242.4A priority Critical patent/CN113776432A/en
Publication of CN113776432A publication Critical patent/CN113776432A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/002Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring two or more coordinates
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/16Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/26Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes

Abstract

The invention discloses a full-automatic photoelectric plumb line coordinatograph in all day, which comprises: the device comprises a light source module, a vertical line, a field angle control window, a core circuit and a peripheral circuit; the core circuit is respectively connected with the peripheral circuit and the light source module and is used for controlling the light source brightness of the light source module; the peripheral circuit is used for providing voltage; the vertical line is fixed on a to-be-measured construction; the light source module and the viewing angle control window are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the vertical line, and the light source module generates parallel light to the direction of the vertical line and the viewing angle control window; the vertical line generates a shadow under the irradiation of parallel light, is projected on the core circuit through the view angle control window, and is detected and calculated by the core circuit. The coordinatograph adopts the field angle control window, can effectively inhibit the ambient background light in the parallel light, and improves the detection precision and the adaptability of the all-day environment.

Description

Full-automatic photoelectric plumb line coordinatograph
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of civil engineering structure monitoring, in particular to an all-time full-automatic photoelectric vertical line coordinatograph which is suitable for monitoring different elevation horizontal displacements and inclined deformations of large civil engineering structures such as dams, nuclear power station reactor containment vessels, buildings, bridges, tunnels and other large building structures.
Background
Due to the influence of factors such as engineering geology, external conditions and the like, a large civil engineering structure can generate certain deformation in the construction and operation processes. The construction method is characterized in that the whole or part of the engineering structure is inclined, sunk, twisted, cracked and the like, and if the construction structure exceeds a certain limit, the normal use of the construction structure is influenced, and the life and property safety of people is seriously or even threatened. Therefore, a certain technical means is required to observe the deformation and displacement of the civil engineering structure periodically for a long time. The structure deformation monitoring is to monitor the deformation size and space position of the deformation body along with the change of time under the action of various loads and natural forces by a technical means, is a basic means for mastering the working state of the civil engineering structure, and has important significance for ensuring the smooth implementation and safe operation of engineering projects.
The observation technology for monitoring the structural deformation meets the requirements of periodic repeated observation, high precision requirement, non-contact measurement and the like, while the traditional contact measurement mode cannot meet the requirement of monitoring the structural deformation. The photoelectric sensing technology has the advantages of non-contact measurement, and has the advantages of high resolution and wide bandwidth compared with the traditional measurement means, so that the photoelectric sensing technology is widely applied to high-precision and ultra-precise positioning measurement. Among them, a linear array CCD (charge coupled device) is an important photoelectric sensing device widely used in the fields of industrial monitoring, spectral measurement, etc., and has the advantages of wide spectral range, small size, light weight, low power consumption, long service life, high reliability, etc., and has become one of the most widely used photoelectric sensor devices at present.
The present widely used plumb line coordinatograph is a measuring device for measuring the displacement and deformation of large building based on the linear array CCD photoelectric sensing technology. The principle is that the linear array CCD is used for measuring the position of parallel light (marked as signal light) passing through a vertical line to generate shadow on the CCD, and the displacement of the vertical line is calculated.
Because the linear array CCD is sensitive to optical signals, the intensity of the signal light needs to be matched with the photoelectric characteristics of the CCD itself. Meanwhile, the linear array CCD is sensitive to signal light related to measurement, and is also easily interfered by stray light (such as ambient background light) which is irrelevant to measurement and even interferes with measurement.
For solving the above problems, some methods using optical filters in practical engineering application reduce the interference of ambient background light, and can improve the applicability of the measuring device to a certain extent, but when the ambient background is strong, the measuring device can have the problem of large measuring error, and still cannot meet the measurement requirements all day long.
Therefore, how to provide a perpendicular coordinatograph capable of satisfying the measurement requirement all day is a problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a full-time and full-automatic photoelectric plumb line coordinator, which can solve the problem of the influence of the ambient background light on the measuring device.
The embodiment of the invention provides a full-automatic photoelectric plumb line coordinatograph in all-time, which comprises: the device comprises a light source module, a vertical line, a field angle control window, a core circuit and a peripheral circuit;
the core circuit is respectively connected with the peripheral circuit and the light source module; the core circuit is used for controlling the light source brightness of the light source module, and the peripheral circuit is used for providing voltage for the core circuit and the light source module;
the vertical line is fixed on a to-be-measured construction;
the light source module and the viewing angle control window are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the vertical line, and the light source module generates parallel light to the direction of the vertical line and the viewing angle control window; the vertical line generates a shadow under the irradiation of parallel light, is projected on the core circuit through the view angle control window, and is detected and calculated by the core circuit.
In one embodiment, the core circuit comprises a main control circuit, a driving circuit and a linear array CCD which are connected in sequence;
the main control circuit is respectively connected with the light source module and the peripheral circuit;
the vertical line generates a shadow under the irradiation of parallel light, and the shadow is projected on the linear array CCD through the field angle control window;
and the main control circuit reads the electric signals of each pixel unit on the linear array CCD through the driving circuit and calculates the position of the shadow on the linear array CCD.
In one embodiment, the width of the viewing angle control window is greater than the width of the parallel light; the height of the viewing angle control window is equal to the height of the parallel light.
In one embodiment, the viewing angle control window includes: the optical window and the optical glass are arranged along the direction of an incident light path;
the size of the optical window is related to the size and the field angle of the linear array CCD;
the optical glass and the linear array CCD are separated by a preset distance; the preset distance ensures that the ambient background light cannot directly irradiate the linear array CCD.
In one embodiment, the light source module is composed of a point light source, a reflector and a lens group; the reflector is positioned near the focal point of the lens group; light emitted by the point light source is reflected by the reflector, enters the lens group and is output as parallel light.
In one embodiment, the point light sources are LED point light sources.
In one embodiment, the peripheral circuitry comprises: the power supply module and the data display module; the power supply module is connected with the data display module;
the power supply module and the data display module are respectively connected with the main control circuit;
the power supply module is used for providing voltage; and the data display module is used for displaying the calculated position of the shadow on the linear array CCD.
In one embodiment, the peripheral circuit further comprises: a communication module; the communication module is respectively connected with the power supply module and the main control circuit;
the communication module is a 4-20mA analog quantity output port.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that at least:
the embodiment of the invention provides a full-automatic photoelectric plumb line coordinatograph in all-time, which comprises: the device comprises a light source module, a vertical line, a field angle control window, a core circuit and a peripheral circuit; the core circuit is respectively connected with the peripheral circuit and the light source module; the core circuit is used for controlling the light source brightness of the light source module, and the peripheral circuit is used for providing voltage for the core circuit and the light source module. The vertical line is fixed on a to-be-measured construction; the light source module and the viewing angle control window are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the vertical line, and the light source module generates parallel light to the direction of the vertical line and the viewing angle control window; the vertical line generates a shadow under the irradiation of parallel light, is projected on the core circuit through the view angle control window, and is detected and calculated by the core circuit. The coordinatograph adopts the field angle control window, can effectively inhibit the ambient background light in the parallel light, and improves the detection precision and the adaptability of the all-day environment.
In addition, the brightness control function of the core circuit to the light source module realizes the matching of the signal light in the parallel light to the linear array CCD in the core circuit, increases the signal-to-noise ratio of the measuring signal, further improves the measuring precision and robustness of the coordinatograph, and further has full-automatic working capability in the all-day environment.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a full-time, full-automatic electro-optical vertical coordinatograph provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2a is a top view of a full-time, fully-automatic electro-optical vertical coordinatograph according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2b is a left side view of FIG. 2 a;
FIG. 2c is a front view of FIG. 2 a;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an angle-of-view control window according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a light source module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure, 1-light source module; 2-vertical line; 3-field angle control window; 4-core circuitry; 5-peripheral circuitry; 11-a first light source module; 12-a second light source module; 31-a first field angle control window; 32-a second field angle control window; 6-a bottom plate; 101-point light source; 102-a mirror; 103-lens group.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1, 2a, 2b, and 2c, an all-time full-automatic photoelectric vertical line coordinatograph according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: the device comprises a shell, and a light source module 1, a view angle control window 3, a core circuit 4 and a peripheral circuit 5 which are positioned in the shell; a vertical channel for the vertical line 2 to pass through is arranged on the shell.
The core circuit 4 is respectively connected with the peripheral circuit 5 and the light source module 1, the core circuit 4 is used for controlling the light source brightness of the light source module, and the peripheral circuit is used for providing voltage for the core circuit and the light source module;
the vertical line 2 is fixedly suspended on a measured building, and the displacement of the vertical line can be changed along with the deformation and displacement of the building; the light source module 1 and the viewing angle control window 3 are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the vertical line 2. In specific implementation, the light source module 1, the viewing angle control window 3, the core circuit 4 and the peripheral circuit 5 are in two vertical directions of a horizontal plane. The light source module 1 can generate parallel light to the direction of the vertical line 2 and the viewing angle control window 3; the perpendicular line 2 is modulated by parallel light, generates a shadow under the irradiation of the parallel light, is projected on the core circuit 4 through the viewing angle control window 3, and is detected and calculated by the core circuit 4.
The parallel light generated by the light source module 1 passes through the vertical line 2 and includes signal light and ambient background light, wherein the signal light is a light signal related to measurement; the ambient background light is non-signal light, and is stray light without light for measurement, and the stray light affects the accuracy of the measurement result and needs to be suppressed or eliminated. The field angle control window 3 in this embodiment can suppress all the direct ambient background light, does not affect the optical efficiency of the signal light, has very strong anti-interference capability, and improves the detection accuracy of the coordinatograph and the adaptability to the all-day environment.
FIG. 2a is a top view without the internal structure of the housing; two groups of light source modules, namely a first light source module 11 and a second light source module 12, a first angle of view control window 31 and a first angle of view control window 32 are arranged on one bottom plate 6; the perpendicular 2 is located vertical channel, can be used to detect the displacement of the perpendicular in two directions.
Fig. 2b is a left side view of fig. 2a, and fig. 2c is a front view of fig. 2 a.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the core circuit 4 includes: the main control circuit, the driving circuit and the linear array CCD are connected in sequence; the main control circuit is respectively connected with the light source module 1 and the peripheral circuit; the vertical line generates a shadow under the irradiation of parallel light and is projected on the linear array CCD through the field angle control window; the main control circuit reads the electric signals of each pixel unit on the linear array CCD through the driving circuit and calculates the position of the shadow on the linear array CCD. After the optical signal received by the linear array CCD passes through the field angle control window 3, the ambient background light has been suppressed.
The main control circuit can adopt a singlechip or an FPGA circuit, and a control pin of the main control circuit has the capability of outputting high and low levels; the driving circuit completes the voltage conversion function of the master control circuit and the linear array CCD, and enhances the driving capability of the output signal of the master control circuit on the linear array CCD; the driving circuit controls a driving pulse control pin of the linear array CCD through the driving circuit, and the logical relation of the driving pulse signal time sequence strictly meets the parameter requirements of a driving pulse oscillogram in a linear array CCD product specification. The linear array CCD is a photoelectric sensor device, and can convert the light signal of the signal light into a voltage signal, and the size of the voltage signal is related to the light intensity.
The main control circuit is used as the circuit working time sequence of the whole coordinatograph system, the main control circuit can directly control the brightness of the light source module, so that the brightness of the light source is matched with the photoelectric characteristic of the linear array CCD, the main control circuit has stronger self-adaptive capacity, the optimal exposure effect is achieved, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the coordinatograph in normal working is in the optimal state; the accuracy and robustness of the detection result can be further improved, and the coordinatograph further has the capability of working all day long.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the viewing angle control window 3 is simple in structure and easy to implement, and includes: the optical window and the optical glass are arranged along the direction of an incident light path; the optical window is used for receiving signal light and inhibiting ambient background light, and the signal-to-noise ratio of a detection signal of the core circuit module is improved; the size of the optical window is related to the size and the field angle of the linear array CCD; the optical glass selects the lens with high transmittance, and when the optical glass is implemented, the lens, the core circuit and the peripheral circuit can be fixed in the same box, so that the waterproof and sealing effects are achieved.
In this embodiment, the width of the field angle control window 3 is slightly larger than the width of the parallel light, so as to ensure that the parallel light is totally projected into the field angle control window 3; the height of the field angle control window 3 is equal to that of the parallel light, and the field angle control window cannot be too large or too small, so that the suppression effect of the field angle control window 3 on the ambient background light is reduced if the field angle control window is too large, and the parallel light is difficult to project on the linear array CCD in the core circuit 4 in the debugging process if the field angle control window is too small; the field angle control window 3 is kept a certain distance from the linear array CCD in the core circuit 4, the numerical value of the distance is related to the height of the field angle control window 3 and the height of the equipment shell, so that the situation that the ambient background light cannot directly reach the CCD in the core circuit 4 is ensured, and the field angle control window can be determined by various methods such as visual observation, oscilloscope observation of the waveform of the CCD output pin and the like.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the light source module 1 is composed of a point light source 101, a reflector 102, and a lens group 103; the reflector 102 is located near the focal point of the lens group 103; light emitted by the point light source 101 is reflected by the reflecting mirror 102, enters the lens group 103 and is output as parallel light; the light intensity of the parallel light is uniform. The LED point light source can be preferably selected as the point light source, the light emitting area of the point light source is small, the light intensity emitted in all directions is uniform, the current is uniform in normal work, the working current is not larger than the rated working current, and the LED point light source has the advantage of long service life. The reflector is a surface metal film type reflector; the lens group changes light generated by the point light source and passing through the reflector into parallel light with uniform light intensity.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the peripheral circuit 5 includes: the device comprises a power supply module, a data display unit and a communication unit; the power supply module mainly converts the power supply voltage into the voltage required by the normal operation of other circuit parts, reduces the voltage ripple of the input voltage, and reduces the measurement error introduced by the voltage ripple to the core circuit 4. In addition, the power supply module can have a short-circuit protection function and an input protection function, namely, when the input voltage exceeds a certain safety range, the power supply module is automatically disconnected.
The data display unit displays the displacement value of the vertical line measured by the core circuit in real time, namely: the position of the shadow on the linear array CCD calculated by the core circuit 4 comprises two vertical directions of a horizontal plane. The communication unit is a 4-20mA analog output port, can be compatible with any measuring system with a standard signal measuring function, and has strong anti-interference capability. After the data display unit refreshes and displays the current value, the constant current value corresponding to the data communication is output, the minimum value of the range corresponds to 4mA, the full-range value corresponds to 20mA, and other measurement values correspond to the linear change relationship of 4mA to 20 mA.
According to the coordinate machine provided by the embodiment of the invention, the core circuit and the peripheral circuit can be respectively designed in a modularized manner. As shown in fig. 1, the parallel light output by the light source module 1 is to be perpendicular to the viewing angle control window 3 and the linear array CCD in the core circuit 4, so as to ensure that the signal light output by the light source module 1 completely covers the photosensitive unit on the linear array CCD in the core circuit 4 after passing through the viewing angle control window 3; after parallel light output by the light source module 1 passes through the vertical line 2, the shadow of the vertical line is projected on the linear array CCD; the light intensity of the parallel light output by the light source module 1 is controlled by the core circuit 4 and is matched with the CCD in the core circuit 4. In the data processing process, the voltage value output by the linear array CCD is read by adopting an AD conversion method, and the voltage threshold value of shadow judgment is dynamically adjusted in real time so as to adapt to the system difference and the self-adaptive capacity under different environmental conditions.
In addition, the main control circuit in the core circuit module 4 reads the voltage signal of each pixel unit in the linear array CCD, and analyzes and calculates the position of the shadow on the linear array CCD through an embedded data processing algorithm. The width of each shadow is analyzed in the data processing process, and whether the shadow is a vertical shadow or a shadow generated by external environment interference, such as a shadow generated by dust on optical glass or an optical lens, is comprehensively judged, so that the aim of effectively removing interference signals is fulfilled, and the system has strong anti-interference capability.
On one hand, the method of controlling the window by the field angle is adopted to inhibit the environmental background light, so that the direct environmental background light can be completely eliminated, and the problem that the direct environmental background light influences the measurement result is thoroughly solved. The field angle control window is easy to process and realize, and the signal-to-noise ratio and the measurement precision of the measurement signal are improved.
On the other hand, the linear array CCD obtains the best exposure effect by adopting the method of automatically controlling the brightness of the light source module to match the signal light with the linear array CCD, the signal-to-noise ratio of the output measurement signal value is further increased, the measurement accuracy and the robustness of the coordinatograph are enhanced, and the coordinatograph has full-automatic working capability under the condition of all-day time.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides an all-time, full-automatic photoelectric type plumb line coordinator which characterized in that includes: the device comprises a light source module, a vertical line, a field angle control window, a core circuit and a peripheral circuit;
the core circuit is respectively connected with the peripheral circuit and the light source module; the core circuit is used for controlling the light source brightness of the light source module, and the peripheral circuit is used for providing voltage for the core circuit and the light source module;
the vertical line is fixed on a to-be-measured construction;
the light source module and the viewing angle control window are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the vertical line, and the light source module generates parallel light to the direction of the vertical line and the viewing angle control window; the vertical line generates a shadow under the irradiation of parallel light, is projected on the core circuit through the view angle control window, and is detected and calculated by the core circuit.
2. The full-time and full-automatic photoelectric vertical line coordinatograph as claimed in claim 1, wherein the core circuit comprises a main control circuit, a driving circuit and a linear array CCD which are connected in sequence;
the main control circuit is respectively connected with the light source module and the peripheral circuit;
the vertical line generates a shadow under the irradiation of parallel light, and the shadow is projected on the linear array CCD through the field angle control window;
and the main control circuit reads the electric signals of each pixel unit on the linear array CCD through the driving circuit and calculates the position of the shadow on the linear array CCD.
3. The full-time, full-automatic photoelectric plumb line coordinator according to claim 2, wherein the width of the viewing angle control window is greater than the width of the collimated light; the height of the viewing angle control window is equal to the height of the parallel light.
4. The all-time, fully-automatic electro-optical vertical coordinatograph of claim 3, wherein the viewing angle control window comprises: the optical window and the optical glass are arranged along the direction of an incident light path;
the size of the optical window is related to the size and the field angle of the linear array CCD;
the optical glass and the linear array CCD are separated by a preset distance; the preset distance ensures that the ambient background light cannot directly irradiate the linear array CCD.
5. The full-time full-automatic photoelectric plumb line coordinator according to claim 1, wherein the light source module comprises a point light source, a reflector and a lens set; the reflector is positioned near the focal point of the lens group; light emitted by the point light source is reflected by the reflector, enters the lens group and is output as parallel light.
6. The full-time, full-automatic electro-optical vertical coordinatograph of claim 5 wherein the point light source is an LED point light source.
7. An all-time, fully automatic electro-optical vertical coordinatograph as claimed in claim 3, characterised in that the peripheral circuitry comprises: the power supply module and the data display module; the power supply module is connected with the data display module;
the power supply module and the data display module are respectively connected with the main control circuit;
the power supply module is used for providing voltage; and the data display module is used for displaying the calculated position of the shadow on the linear array CCD.
8. The all-time, fully-automatic electro-optical vertical coordinatograph of claim 7, wherein the peripheral circuitry further comprises: a communication module; the communication module is respectively connected with the power supply module and the main control circuit;
the communication module is a 4-20mA analog quantity output port.
CN202111177242.4A 2021-10-09 2021-10-09 Full-automatic photoelectric plumb line coordinatograph Pending CN113776432A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115077507A (en) * 2022-06-16 2022-09-20 应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院 Perpendicular line coordinatograph based on linear array CCD

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115077507A (en) * 2022-06-16 2022-09-20 应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院 Perpendicular line coordinatograph based on linear array CCD

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