CN113773061B - Low-pollution preparation process of high-bauxite clinker - Google Patents
Low-pollution preparation process of high-bauxite clinker Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-pollution preparation process of bauxite chamotte, which belongs to the field of bauxite, wherein the bauxite raw material is uniformly laid on a kiln car, the kiln car is pushed into a kiln from the kiln head and enters a preheating zone, the bauxite raw material is preheated in the preheating zone, the preheated kiln car is sent into a calcining zone, combustion equipment arranged at two sides of the kiln is used for heating and calcining the bauxite raw material, and the kiln car is continuously sent into a cooling zone, so that the problem that the bauxite chamotte is easy to crack when being used as a refractory material is solved; dispersed Si0 2 Can absorb the impact energy of the microcrack and prevent the crack from expanding, and the nano Si0 is used at high temperature 2 And B 2 0 3 The reaction generates a glass phase, the system begins to change from an organic structure to an inorganic structure, and volume expansion occurs, so that volume shrinkage generated during thermal cracking of the resin can be effectively inhibited, microcracks generated in the ceramic can be healed, the integrity of a ceramic interface is ensured, and the purpose of inhibiting the generation of the cracks is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of bauxite, in particular to a low-pollution preparation process of bauxite clinker.
Background
Aluminum is the second largest metal material second to steel, is one of important metal materials required by national economy infrastructure, is widely applied to various fields of national economy and the like, has insufficient backup resources in the aluminum industry in China, reduces the guarantee capability, and has to go to resource-saving aluminum industry development roads;
the bauxite chamotte produced by calcining the bauxite is widely applied to aluminum smelting, cement, artificial corundum, chemical industry, metallurgy and other industrial places, the process adopted by the existing bauxite calcining method has the defects of high energy consumption, large discharge, low efficiency, unstable product quality, serious environmental pollution, high labor intensity of workers, severe operating environment and unfavorable tissue production in the production process, and when the produced bauxite chamotte is used as a refractory material, cracks are easily generated, so that the product performance is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a low-pollution preparation process of bauxite chamotte, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Uniformly paving a bauxite raw material on a kiln car, pushing the kiln car into a kiln from a kiln head, entering a preheating zone, preheating the bauxite raw material in the preheating zone, sending the preheated kiln car into a calcining zone, heating and calcining the bauxite raw material by using combustion equipment arranged at two sides of the kiln, continuously sending the kiln car into a cooling zone, cooling the calcined bauxite raw material by using cold air blown from a kiln tail, finally pushing the kiln car out of the kiln, adding a crack inhibiting auxiliary agent and a compact auxiliary agent into the kiln, uniformly stirring, and naturally cooling to normal temperature to obtain the bauxite chamotte, so that the problems of high energy consumption, large discharge, low efficiency, serious environmental pollution, severe operating environment and unfavorable tissue production in the production process of the process adopted by the conventional bauxite calcining method are solved;
(2) Adding p-phenylenediamine into a three-neck flask, stirring under the protection of nitrogen, adding dried pyromellitic dianhydride to obtain a product D, adding B into the mixture 4 C and SiO 2 Uniformly mixing, adding a solvent ethanol and a silane coupling agent to obtain a product C, adding the product D into the product C, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the crack-inhibiting additive, so that the problem that the high-alumina bauxite clinker is easy to crack when used as a refractory material is solved;
(3) The method comprises the steps of adding hydroxyethyl cellulose and diallyl ammonium chloride into a three-neck flask provided with a stirrer, a reflux condenser pipe, a dropping funnel and a nitrogen inlet pipe, adding deionized water as a solvent, introducing nitrogen, adding potassium persulfate and heptenoic acid, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 4-5 hours to obtain a product A, cooling the product A to 40-50 ℃, adding a sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH value to obtain the compact auxiliary agent, and solving the problem of poor compactness of the bauxite clinker during use.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a low-pollution preparation process of bauxite chamotte comprises the following steps:
s1: the bauxite raw material is uniformly laid on a kiln car, the kiln car is pushed into a kiln from a kiln head and enters a preheating zone, the heat source of the preheating zone is hot flue gas generated by burning fuel flowing in from a calcining zone, the heat carried by the hot flue gas is fully utilized, the fuel utilization rate is improved, the energy consumption is reduced, the bauxite raw material is preheated for 12-24 hours in the preheating zone, the temperature is increased to 1300-1600 ℃, and after the bauxite raw material is preheated, the temperature of the hot flue gas is reduced to below 300 ℃;
s2: feeding the preheated kiln car into a calcining zone, and heating and calcining the bauxite raw material by using combustion equipment arranged at two sides of the kiln, wherein the temperature of the calcining zone is controlled to be 1400-1800 ℃, the calcining time is 2-3h, and the shrinkage of the bauxite raw material in the calcining process is 30-40%;
s3: and (3) continuously feeding the kiln car into a cooling zone, cooling the calcined bauxite raw material by cold air blown from the tail of the kiln for 12-24 hours, cooling the bauxite raw material to a temperature lower than 300 ℃, finally pushing the kiln car out of the kiln, adding a crack-inhibiting aid and a compact aid into the bauxite raw material, uniformly stirring, and naturally cooling to the normal temperature to obtain the bauxite clinker.
As a further scheme of the invention: the preparation steps of the crack inhibiting additive in the step S3 are as follows:
s31: adding p-phenylenediamine into a three-neck flask, controlling the temperature at 8-9 ℃, adding solvent N, N-dimethylacetamide, stirring under the protection of nitrogen, adding dry pyromellitic dianhydride, and stirring for 9-10 hours to obtain a product D;
s32: b is to be 4 C and SiO 2 Uniformly mixing, adding a solvent ethanol and a silane coupling agent, stirring for 3-4h, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 5-6h, and transferring to a drying oven at 70-95 ℃ for drying for 4-5h to obtain a product C;
s33: and adding the product D into the product C, stirring for 2-3h, heating to 190-200 ℃ at the speed of 5-6 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2-3h, heating to 240-260 ℃ at the speed of 2-3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3-4h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the crack-inhibiting additive.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the step S31, the molar ratio of the p-phenylenediamine to the pyromellitic dianhydride is 1.2-1.3:1.
as a further scheme of the invention: siO in step S32 2 、B 4 The dosage ratio of C to the silane coupling agent is 10g:10g:1g.
As a further scheme of the invention: the dosage ratio of the product C to the product D in the step S33 is 1g:1g of the total weight of the composition.
As a further scheme of the invention: the preparation steps of the densification aid in the step S3 are as follows:
s61: adding hydroxyethyl cellulose and diallyl ammonium chloride into a three-neck flask provided with a stirrer, a reflux condenser tube, a dropping funnel and a nitrogen inlet tube, adding deionized water as a solvent, introducing nitrogen, heating to 75-85 ℃, adding potassium persulfate and heptenoic acid, and reacting for 4-5 hours under the condition of heat preservation to obtain a product A;
s62: cooling the product A to 40-50 ℃, adding a sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH to 7-8, and obtaining the compact auxiliary agent.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the step S61, the mass of the potassium persulfate is 2% of the total mass of the hydroxyethyl cellulose, the heptenoic acid and the diallyl ammonium chloride, and the dosage ratio of the hydroxyethyl cellulose, the heptenoic acid to the diallyl ammonium chloride is 25g:17g:0.4g.
As a further scheme of the invention: the mass fraction of the sodium hydroxide solution in step S62 is 30%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention is through laying the bauxite raw materials on the kiln car evenly, push the kiln car into kiln from the kiln hood, enter the preheating zone, preheat bauxite raw materials in the preheating zone, send the kiln car after preheating into the calcining zone, utilize the combustion equipment set up in both sides of kiln to heat the bauxite raw materials and calcine, the kiln car continues to send into the cooling zone, the blast cold air from the kiln tail cools the bauxite raw materials after calcining, push the kiln car out of kiln finally, and add and inhibit cracking aid and compact aid into it, stir homogeneous natural cooling to the room temperature, get the bauxite chamotte, compared with traditional kiln calcination method, the process is built with little investment, the running cost is low, the production efficiency is high, the production capacity is large, make the production cost of the bauxite chamotte greatly reduced, has improved economic benefits and market competitiveness of the product, can better control the kiln internal temperature, thus has satisfied the technological requirement of the bauxite chamotte production better, have further improved the quality of the product;
(2) Synthesizing resin matrix by p-phenylenediamine and pyromellitic dianhydride, and synthesizing small-size nano Si0 2 Uniformly dispersed therein, and dispersed Si0 for dispersion strengthening 2 Can absorb the impact energy of the microcrack and prevent the crack from expanding, thereby enhancing the mechanical property of the system, and the nano Si0 2 Dispersed in a resin matrix and used as the active sites of physical adsorption and chemical reaction of a system, firm connection is established between polymer molecular chains and nano active sites, and through generating chemical bonds and physical adsorption modes, stress is transferred in the compression shearing process to block slippage between high molecular chain segments, so that the bonding strength is improved, and the nano Si0 is used as a material for preparing a high-temperature adhesive 2 And B 2 0 3 The reaction generates a glass phase, the system begins to be converted from an organic structure to an inorganic structure, and volume expansion occurs, so that volume shrinkage generated during thermal cracking of resin can be effectively inhibited, microcracks generated in ceramic can be healed, the integrity of a ceramic interface is ensured, and the purpose of inhibiting the generation of cracks is achieved;
(3) Adding hydroxyethyl cellulose and diallyl ammonium chloride into a three-neck flask provided with a stirrer, a reflux condenser pipe, a dropping funnel and a nitrogen inlet pipe, adding deionized water as a solvent, introducing nitrogen, adding potassium persulfate and heptenoic acid, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 4-5 hours to obtain a product A, cooling the product A to 40-50 ℃, adding a sodium hydroxide solution to regulate the pH value to obtain the compact auxiliary agent, wherein the molecular chain has more adsorption points, so that the molecular chain wraps the surface of the bauxite chamotte to form a protective layer to prevent the aggregation of particles, form a steric hindrance effect, and remove flocculation among particles, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the compactness of the bauxite chamotte.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the embodiment is a bauxite chamotte low-pollution preparation process, which comprises the following steps:
s1: uniformly paving the bauxite raw material on a kiln car, pushing the kiln car into a kiln from a kiln head, and enabling the bauxite raw material to enter a preheating zone, wherein a heat source of the preheating zone is hot flue gas generated by burning fuel flowing from a calcining zone, the bauxite raw material is preheated for 12 hours in the preheating zone, the temperature is increased to 1300 ℃, and after the bauxite raw material is preheated, the temperature of the hot flue gas is reduced to below 300 ℃;
s2: feeding the preheated kiln car into a calcining zone, and heating and calcining the high-alumina bauxite raw material by using combustion equipment arranged at two sides of the kiln, wherein the temperature of the calcining zone is controlled at 1400 ℃, the calcining time is 3 hours, and the shrinkage of the high-alumina bauxite raw material generated in the calcining process is 30%;
s3: and (3) continuously feeding the kiln car into a cooling zone, cooling the calcined bauxite raw material by cold air blown from the tail of the kiln for 12 hours, cooling the bauxite raw material to a temperature lower than 300 ℃, finally pushing the kiln car out of the kiln, adding a crack-inhibiting aid and a compact aid into the bauxite raw material, uniformly stirring, and naturally cooling to the normal temperature to obtain the bauxite clinker.
The preparation method of the crack inhibiting additive comprises the following steps:
s31: adding p-phenylenediamine into a three-neck flask, controlling the temperature at 8 ℃, adding a solvent N, N-dimethylacetamide, stirring under the protection of nitrogen, adding dried pyromellitic dianhydride, and stirring for 9 hours to obtain a product D;
s32: b is to be 4 C and SiO 2 Mixing, adding solvent BStirring alcohol and a silane coupling agent for 3 hours, ultrasonically dispersing for 5 hours, and moving to a drying oven at 70 ℃ for drying for 4 hours to obtain a product C;
s33: and adding the product D into the product C, stirring for 2h, heating to 190 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2h, heating to 240 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the crack-inhibiting additive.
The preparation steps of the densification aid in the step S3 are as follows:
s61: adding hydroxyethyl cellulose and diallyl ammonium chloride into a three-neck flask provided with a stirrer, a reflux condenser tube, a dropping funnel and a nitrogen inlet tube, adding deionized water as a solvent, introducing nitrogen, heating to 75 ℃, adding potassium persulfate and heptenoic acid, and reacting for 4 hours under the condition of heat preservation to obtain a product A;
s62: and cooling the product A to 40 ℃, and adding a sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH to 7 to obtain the compact auxiliary agent.
Example 2:
the embodiment is a bauxite chamotte low-pollution preparation process, which comprises the following steps:
s1: uniformly paving the bauxite raw material on a kiln car, pushing the kiln car into a kiln from a kiln head, and enabling the bauxite raw material to enter a preheating zone, wherein a heat source of the preheating zone is hot flue gas generated by burning fuel flowing from a calcining zone, the bauxite raw material is preheated for 12 hours in the preheating zone, the temperature is increased to 1300 ℃, and after the bauxite raw material is preheated, the temperature of the hot flue gas is reduced to below 300 ℃;
s2: feeding the preheated kiln car into a calcining zone, and heating and calcining the bauxite raw material by using combustion equipment arranged on two sides of the kiln, wherein the temperature of the calcining zone is controlled at 1400 ℃, the calcining time is 2 hours, and the shrinkage of the bauxite raw material in the calcining process is 30%;
s3: and (3) continuously feeding the kiln car into a cooling zone, cooling the calcined bauxite raw material by cold air blown from the kiln tail for 1h, cooling the bauxite raw material to be lower than 300 ℃, finally pushing the kiln car out of the kiln, adding a crack inhibiting assistant and a compact assistant into the bauxite raw material, uniformly stirring, and naturally cooling to normal temperature to obtain the bauxite clinker.
The preparation steps of the crack inhibiting additive are as follows:
s31: adding p-phenylenediamine into a three-neck flask, controlling the temperature at 9 ℃, adding a solvent N, N-dimethylacetamide, stirring under the protection of nitrogen, adding dry pyromellitic dianhydride, and stirring for 10 hours to obtain a product D;
s32: b is to be 4 C and SiO 2 Uniformly mixing, adding a solvent ethanol and a silane coupling agent, stirring for 4 hours, ultrasonically dispersing for 6 hours, and transferring to a drying oven at 95 ℃ for drying for 5 hours to obtain a product C;
s33: and adding the product D into the product C, stirring for 3h, heating to 200 ℃ at the speed of 6 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3h, heating to 260 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 4h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the crack-inhibiting additive.
The preparation steps of the densification aid in the step S3 are as follows:
s61: adding hydroxyethyl cellulose and diallyl ammonium chloride into a three-neck flask provided with a stirrer, a reflux condenser tube, a dropping funnel and a nitrogen inlet tube, adding deionized water as a solvent, introducing nitrogen, heating to 85 ℃, adding potassium persulfate and heptenoic acid, and reacting for 5 hours under the condition of heat preservation to obtain a product A;
s62: and cooling the product A to 50 ℃, and adding a sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH to 8 to obtain the compact auxiliary agent.
Example 3:
the embodiment is a low-pollution preparation process of bauxite chamotte, which comprises the following steps:
s1: uniformly paving the bauxite raw material on a kiln car, pushing the kiln car into a kiln from a kiln head, and allowing the bauxite raw material to enter a preheating zone, wherein the heat source of the preheating zone is hot flue gas generated by burning fuel flowing from a calcining zone, the bauxite raw material is preheated for 24 hours in the preheating zone, the temperature is increased to 1600 ℃, and after the bauxite raw material is preheated, the temperature of the hot flue gas is reduced to below 300 ℃;
s2: feeding the preheated kiln car into a calcining zone, and heating and calcining the bauxite raw material by using combustion equipment arranged at two sides of the kiln, wherein the temperature of the calcining zone is controlled at 1800 ℃, the calcining time is 3 hours, and the shrinkage of the bauxite raw material in the calcining process is 40%;
s3: and (3) continuously feeding the kiln car into a cooling zone, cooling the calcined bauxite raw material by cold air blown from the kiln tail for 24 hours, cooling the bauxite raw material to be lower than 300 ℃, finally pushing the kiln car out of the kiln, adding a crack inhibiting assistant and a compact assistant into the bauxite raw material, uniformly stirring, and naturally cooling to normal temperature to obtain the bauxite clinker.
The preparation method of the crack inhibiting additive comprises the following steps:
s31: adding p-phenylenediamine into a three-neck flask, controlling the temperature at 9 ℃, adding a solvent N, N-dimethylacetamide, stirring under the protection of nitrogen, adding dry pyromellitic dianhydride, and stirring for 10 hours to obtain a product D;
s32: b is to be 4 C and SiO 2 Uniformly mixing, adding solvents ethanol and a silane coupling agent, stirring for 4 hours, ultrasonically dispersing for 6 hours, and transferring to a drying oven at 95 ℃ for drying for 5 hours to obtain a product C;
s33: and adding the product D into the product C, stirring for 3h, heating to 200 ℃ at the speed of 6 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3h, heating to 260 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 4h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the crack-inhibiting additive.
The preparation steps of the densification aid in the step S3 are as follows:
s61: adding hydroxyethyl cellulose and diallyl ammonium chloride into a three-neck flask provided with a stirrer, a reflux condenser tube, a dropping funnel and a nitrogen inlet tube, adding deionized water as a solvent, introducing nitrogen, heating to 85 ℃, adding potassium persulfate and heptenoic acid, and reacting for 5 hours under the condition of heat preservation to obtain a product A;
s62: and cooling the product A to 50 ℃, and adding a sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH to 8 to obtain the compact auxiliary agent.
Comparative example 1:
comparative example 1 differs from example 1 in that no crack suppression aid was added.
Comparative example 2:
comparative example 2 a commercial bauxite chamotte was used.
The bauxite chamottes of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were prepared as refractory bricks and examined;
the results are shown in the following table:
as can be seen from the above table, the bulk density of the examples reached 1.0 to 1.2g/cm 3 While comparative example 1, in which no crack-inhibiting aid was added, had a bulk density of 0.8g/cm 3 Comparative example 2 using a commercially available bauxite chamotte had a bulk density of 0.9g/cm 3 The compressive strength of the examples reaches 25.87 to 27.12MPa, the compressive strength of the comparative example 1 without adding the crack-inhibiting additive is 20.52MPa, the compressive strength of the comparative example 2 using the commercial bauxite clinker is 21.37MPa, the flexural strength of the examples reaches 5.9 to 6.5MPa, the flexural strength of the comparative example 1 without adding the crack-inhibiting additive is 4.2MPa, the flexural strength of the comparative example 2 using the commercial bauxite clinker is 4.9MPa, and the data of the experimental examples are obviously higher than those of the comparative examples, which shows that the overall performance of the refractory brick prepared by using the bauxite clinker is improved, so that the aim of improving the overall performance of the bauxite clinker is fulfilled.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing is illustrative and explanatory only and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments described, and various modifications, additions, and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention or exceeding the scope of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A low-pollution preparation process of bauxite chamotte is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: uniformly paving the bauxite raw material on a kiln car, pushing the kiln car into a kiln from a kiln head, entering a preheating zone, and preheating the bauxite raw material in the preheating zone;
s2: feeding the preheated kiln car into a calcining zone, and heating and calcining the high-alumina bauxite raw material by using combustion equipment arranged at two sides of the kiln for 2-3h;
s3: continuously feeding the kiln car into a cooling zone, cooling the calcined bauxite raw material by cold air blown from the tail of the kiln, finally pushing the kiln car out of the kiln, adding a crack-inhibiting aid and a compact aid into the kiln car, uniformly stirring, and naturally cooling to normal temperature to obtain the bauxite clinker;
the preparation method of the crack suppression aid in the step S3 comprises the following steps:
s31: adding p-phenylenediamine into a three-neck flask, controlling the temperature at 8-9 ℃, adding solvent N, N-dimethylacetamide, stirring under the protection of nitrogen, adding dry pyromellitic dianhydride, and stirring for 9-10 hours to obtain a product D;
s32: b is to be 4 C and SiO 2 Uniformly mixing, adding a solvent ethanol and a silane coupling agent, stirring for 3-4h, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 5-6h, and transferring to a drying oven at 70-95 ℃ for drying for 4-5h to obtain a product C;
s33: adding the product D into the product C, stirring for 2-3h, heating to 190-200 ℃ at the speed of 5-6 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2-3h, heating to 240-260 ℃ at the speed of 2-3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3-4h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the crack-inhibiting additive;
in the step S31, the molar ratio of the p-phenylenediamine to the pyromellitic dianhydride is 1.2-1.3:1;
SiO in step S32 2 、B 4 The dosage ratio of C to the silane coupling agent is 10g:10g:1g of the total weight of the composition.
2. The process for preparing bauxite clinker with low pollution according to claim 1, wherein the dosage ratio of the product C to the product D in the step S33 is 1g:1g of the total weight of the composition.
3. The process for preparing bauxite chamotte with low pollution as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of preparing the densification aid in step S3 is as follows:
s61: adding hydroxyethyl cellulose and diallyl ammonium chloride into a three-neck flask provided with a stirrer, a reflux condenser tube, a dropping funnel and a nitrogen inlet tube, adding deionized water as a solvent, introducing nitrogen, heating to 75-85 ℃, adding potassium persulfate and heptenoic acid, and reacting for 4-5 hours under the condition of heat preservation to obtain a product A;
s62: cooling the product A to 40-50 ℃, adding a sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH to 7-8, and obtaining the compact auxiliary agent.
4. The bauxite clinker low-pollution preparation process of claim 3, wherein the mass of the potassium persulfate in the step S61 is 2% of the total mass of the hydroxyethyl cellulose, the heptenoic acid and the diallyl ammonium chloride, and the dosage ratio of the hydroxyethyl cellulose, the heptenoic acid and the diallyl ammonium chloride is 25g:17g:0.4g.
5. The process for preparing bauxite chamotte with low pollution according to claim 4, wherein the mass fraction of the sodium hydroxide solution in the step S62 is 30%.
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