CN113770382B - Method for preparing GH5188 engine heat shield by laser selective melting technology - Google Patents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a GH5188 engine heat shield by a laser selective melting technology, belonging to the technical field of metal material additive manufacturing; the technical scheme of the patent comprises model processing; taking raw material GH5188 alloy powder and drying; drying, loading into a powder cabin of selective laser melting forming equipment, selecting a substrate, fixing the substrate on a workbench, scraping GH5188 alloy powder by using a scraper, repeatedly paving on the substrate, completely paving the powder on the whole substrate, locking the forming cabin, vacuumizing the forming cabin, filling inert gas for protection, and simultaneously preheating the substrate; printing heat shield parts; performing stress relief annealing, support removal, hot isostatic pressing and heat treatment on the formed heat shield part; and (5) detecting the performance of the sample. The method provided by the invention realizes the integrated molding of the heat shield parts, reduces the number of welding seams and avoids welding cracks caused by welding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal material additive manufacturing, in particular to a method for preparing a GH5188 engine heat shield by a laser selective melting technology.
Background
The selective laser melting forming (SLM) technology has the advantages of fast response, complex structure integration, no die forming and the like. In the aspect of aerospace, the requirements of developing urgent, difficult, dangerous and new parts in the field of aerospace can be obviously met; in the field of aeroengines, the application of a Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology can release the traditional horizontal, flat and vertical structural constraint of heat shield parts, realize the manufacture of high-performance and high-freedom structure, and promote the development of aeroengines to high thrust-weight ratio from the aspect of parts.
GH5188 is Co-Ni-Cr-based solid solution strengthening type deformation high-temperature alloy, and the use temperature of the alloy can be 950-1100 ℃; tungsten element is added for solid solution strengthening, so that the alloy has good creep resistance, thermal fatigue resistance and high-temperature strength; meanwhile, high-content chromium and trace lanthanum are added, so that the alloy has good high-temperature oxidation resistance; the method is widely applied to manufacturing of aeroengine parts, such as heat shields, side walls, flame guides and other high-temperature parts; however, in the production process, the GH5188 alloy cast ingot has obvious microsegregation, and the subsequent heat treatment processing cannot eliminate the structure segregation, so that the processing plasticity is poor, and the welding cracks; GH5188 material uses laser selective melting technology, and has few domestic and foreign researches, and no relevant documents show the formability and performance of the GH5188 material.
The engine heat shield part belongs to a key part for working in a high-temperature environment of an engine, and is assembled on the inner wall of a high-temperature area of the engine to play a role in heat insulation; the quality of the heat shield part determines the whole service life of the engine, and along with the continuous development and maturity of the engine technology, the requirements of the engine with high performance and high thrust-weight ratio are more and more obvious, so that the structure of the heat shield part tends to be complicated and light; the heat shield tends to be thin-walled and special-shaped in space, the traditional manufacturing process is difficult, the number of welding seams is large, and the processing procedure is long; meanwhile, the GH5188 alloy belongs to a difficult-to-process material, cracks are easy to generate in the welding process, and the rejection rate is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, a method for preparing a GH5188 engine heat shield by using a laser selective melting technology is provided, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
the method for preparing the GH5188 engine heat shield by the laser selective melting technology comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, model processing: using UG software and Magics software to perform allowance addition, placement mode selection and support addition on the heat shield part three-dimensional model, slicing according to the thickness of 0.03-0.05 mm, respectively setting a heat shield part entity, the outer contour of the heat shield part, the supported laser power, the scanning speed, the spot diameter, the scanning mode, the scanning interval, the powder layer thickness and the spot compensation in slicing, and finally outputting Stl format files and process parameter files to wait for inputting laser selection melting forming equipment;
step 2, material preparation: taking raw material GH5188 alloy powder;
step 3, drying the GH5188 alloy powder obtained in the step 2 in a powder drying oven;
step 4, loading the GH5188 alloy powder dried in the step 3 into a powder cabin of selective laser melting forming equipment, selecting a substrate which is the same as a formed metal material or is made of GH4169 material, fixing the substrate on a workbench in the forming cabin in the selective laser melting forming equipment, scraping the GH5188 alloy powder by using a scraper in a manual adjusting mode, repeatedly paving the GH5188 alloy powder on the substrate in a trial mode until the GH5188 alloy powder is completely paved on the whole substrate by the scraper, locking the forming cabin, vacuumizing the forming cabin, filling inert gas for protection, and simultaneously preheating the substrate;
step 5, printing heat shield parts: inputting the Stl format file and the process parameter file obtained in the step (1) into selective laser melting forming equipment, and processing the heat shield parts by using the set parameters;
step 6, performing stress relief annealing, support removal, hot isostatic pressing and heat treatment on the heat shield part formed in the step 5; wherein the annealing temperature is 850 +/-10 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 1 h; hot isostatic pressing: the temperature is 1150-1200 ℃, the pressure is 130-150 MPa, and the heat preservation time is 3 h; the heat treatment temperature is as follows: keeping the temperature for 1h at 1100-1200 ℃;
and 7, detecting the performance of the sample, namely performing metallographic detection and tensile property detection on a furnace-associated sample which is placed beside the heat shield part in the same chamber as the heat shield part and is formed along with the heat shield part. According to the method for preparing the GH5188 engine heat shield by the laser selective melting technology, preferably, in the step 1, the heat shield parts are placed in a mode of forming an included angle of 45 degrees with the substrate; adding 1 mm-2 mm of grinding and machining allowance on the bottom surface of the heat shield, wherein the heat shield part and the substrate are clamped; the mesh support is automatically generated using Magics software.
Preferably, in the step 1, the laser power of a heat shield part entity is 200W-250W, the thickness of a powder layer is 30 mu m-60 mu m, the scanning speed is 600 mm/s-1000 mm/s, the diameter of a light spot is 50 mu m-100 mu m, and the scanning interval is 0.05 mm-0.10 mm, and an island-shaped scanning mode is adopted.
Preferably, in the step 1, the laser power of the outer contour of the heat shield part is 100W-200W, the thickness of the powder layer is 30 mu m-60 mu m, the scanning speed is 300 mm/s-700 mm/s, the diameter of a light spot is 50 mu m-80 mu m, the compensation of the light spot is 0.05-0.09mm, and a sequential scanning mode is adopted.
Preferably, in the step 1, the supporting laser power is 150W-200W, the powder spreading thickness is 30 mu m-60 mu m, the scanning speed is 1200 mm/s-1600 mm/s, the spot diameter is 50 mu m-80 mu m, the laser scanning path is in a sequential scanning mode, and interlayer scanning is carried out.
The invention has the advantages of
The method of the invention effectively solves the problem of the internal defects of the heat shield parts by using selective laser melting, selecting the optimal forming process parameters and post-treatment system and combining the reasonable placement mode of the heat shield parts, so that the performance of the heat shield parts can meet the use requirements. Meanwhile, the heat shield parts are integrally formed, the number of welding seams is reduced, and the defects of welding cracking, carbide precipitation and the like caused by welding are avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a detail view of a heat shield of the present invention being formed;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic structure diagram of a furnace-printed GH5188 sample prepared by the method of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic structure diagram of a furnace-printed GH5188 sample prepared by the method of example 2;
FIG. 4 is a metallographic structure diagram of a furnace-printed GH5188 sample prepared by the method of example 3;
FIG. 5 shows the placement and angles of the heat shield components on the substrate.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-5, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The method for preparing the GH5188 engine heat shield by the laser selective melting technology is implemented by the following steps:
step 1, model processing: using UG software and Magics software to perform allowance addition, placement mode selection and support addition on the heat shield part three-dimensional model, slicing according to the thickness of 0.03mm, and outputting Stl format files and process parameter files after setting heat shield part entities, heat shield part outer profiles, supported laser power, scanning speed, scanning mode, scanning interval, powder layer thickness and light spot compensation in slicing, and waiting for inputting laser selection area melting forming equipment;
in the step 1, a heat shield part placing mode is selected to place in a mode of forming an included angle of 45 degrees with a substrate, the final forming precision of the heat shield part is guaranteed, supporting and removing are convenient, and polishing and machining allowance of 1mm are added on the bottom surface of the heat shield clamped by the heat shield part and the substrate; using Magics software to automatically generate grid support to realize the addition of heat shield part support; then, cutting the heat shield part by using Magics software;
in the step 1, the laser power of the heat shield part entity is 200W, the powder layer thickness is 30 microns, the scanning speed is 600mm/s, the spot diameter is 50 microns, the scanning interval is 0.05mm, and an island-shaped scanning mode is adopted, so that the internal stress is reduced, and the forming quality of the heat shield part is improved;
in the step 1, the laser power of the outer contour of the heat shield part is 100W, the powder layer thickness is 30 microns, the scanning speed is 300mm/s, the spot diameter is 50 microns, the spot compensation is 0.05mm, and the surface precision and quality of the heat shield part are improved by adopting a sequential scanning mode;
in the step 1, the supporting laser power is 150W, the powder laying thickness is 30 microns, the scanning speed is 1200mm/s, the spot diameter is 50 microns, sequential scanning is adopted, and interlayer scanning is adopted, so that the processing efficiency can be improved, and the supporting removal is convenient;
step 2, material preparation: taking raw material GH5188 alloy powder, wherein the granularity of the powder meets the specification of 15-53 mu m;
step 3, drying the GH5188 alloy powder prepared in the step 2 in a powder drying oven;
in step 3, the drying process comprises the following steps: preserving the heat for 5 hours at 100 ℃ in a vacuum protection environment;
step 4, filling the GH5188 alloy powder dried in the step 3 into a powder cabin of selective laser melting forming equipment, selecting a substrate which is the same as a formed metal material or is made of GH4169 material, fixing the substrate in the forming cabin of the selective laser melting forming equipment, then adjusting the upper position and the lower position of the substrate in a manual adjusting mode, adjusting a scraper, scraping the GH5188 alloy powder by the scraper, repeatedly paving the substrate in a trial mode until the scraper completely paves the whole substrate according to the thickness of 0.03mm each time, locking the forming cabin, vacuumizing the forming cabin and filling inert gas pure argon for protection to enable the argon concentration to reach 99.99%, and simultaneously preheating the substrate, wherein the preheating temperature is 100 ℃;
step 5, printing heat shield parts: inputting the Stl format file and the process parameter file obtained in the step (1) into selective laser melting forming equipment, and processing the heat shield parts by using the set parameters;
and 6, cleaning the heat shield part formed in the step 5, taking the heat shield part with the substrate after the powder cleaning out from a forming cabin workbench, performing stress relief annealing at 840 ℃, heating the heat shield part with the substrate along with a furnace, preserving heat for 1 hour, protecting argon, cooling along with the furnace, and eliminating the internal stress generated in the forming process of the heat shield part by the annealing process to prevent the heat shield part from deforming. Annealing the base plate, continuously using the support, pulling the heat shield part while eliminating the stress of the heat shield part, and releasing the stress on the support;
in step 6, separating the heat shield part subjected to stress relief annealing from the substrate and removing the support; separating the heat shield part from the substrate by adopting linear cutting, manually removing the support, adding a support surface to the heat shield part, polishing, and performing sand blasting treatment on the heat shield part after polishing;
in the step 6, hot isostatic pressing treatment is carried out on the heat shield part and the sample after sand blasting, the temperature is 1150 ℃, the pressure is 130MPa, and the heat preservation time is 3 h; hot isostatic pressing helps to eliminate carbides and microscopic pores existing in selective laser melting forming, reduces element segregation, and greatly maintains the ductility of the material while remarkably improving the strength of the material;
step 6, performing heat treatment on the heat shield part and the sample subjected to the hot isostatic pressing treatment, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 1100 ℃, the heat is preserved for 1 hour, the heat is protected by argon, the heat treatment is cooled along with the furnace, and the reasonable heat treatment temperature is beneficial to remelting precipitated carbide into a set, so that the comprehensive performance of the material is improved;
step 7, detecting the performance of the sample, namely performing metallographic detection and tensile property detection on a furnace sample which is placed beside the heat shield part in the same chamber and is formed along with the heat shield part; the tensile property detection result is shown in table 1, and the use requirement is met;
TABLE 1
| Sample number | Test temperature T/. degree.C | Tensile strengthσ b/MPa | Yield strengthσ 0.2/MPa | Elongation percentageδ 5/% |
| 1 | 25℃ | 954 | 525 | 44 |
| 2 | 25℃ | 894 | 520 | 50 |
| 3 | 25℃ | 965 | 529 | 39 |
The metallographic structure diagram is shown in FIG. 2, the structure is uniform, no obvious carbide precipitation exists, and no defects such as pore cracks, unfused fusion and the like exist.
Example 2
The method for preparing the GH5188 engine heat shield by the laser selective melting technology is implemented by the following steps:
step 1, model processing: using UG software and Magics software to perform allowance addition, placement mode selection and support addition on the heat shield part three-dimensional model, slicing according to the thickness of 0.04mm, and outputting Stl format files and process parameter files after setting heat shield part entities, heat shield part outer profiles, supported laser power, scanning speed, scanning mode, scanning interval, powder layer thickness and light spot compensation in slicing, and waiting for inputting laser selection area melting forming equipment;
in the step 1, a heat shield part placing mode is selected to place in a mode of forming an included angle of 45 degrees with a substrate, the final forming precision of the heat shield part is guaranteed, supporting and removing are convenient, and polishing and machining allowance of 1.5mm are added on the bottom surface of the heat shield clamped by the heat shield part and the substrate; using Magics software to automatically generate grid support to realize the addition of heat shield part support; then, cutting the heat shield part by using Magics software;
in the step 1, the laser power of the heat shield part entity is 220W, the powder layer thickness is 45 μm, the scanning speed is 800mm/s, the spot diameter is 80 μm, and the scanning interval is 0.07mm, and an island-shaped scanning mode is adopted, so that the internal stress is reduced, and the forming quality of the heat shield part is improved;
in the step 1, the laser power of the outer contour of the heat shield part is 150W, the powder layer thickness is 45 microns, the scanning speed is 500mm/s, the spot diameter is 70 microns, the spot compensation is 0.07mm, and the surface precision and quality of the heat shield part are improved by adopting a sequential scanning mode;
in the step 1, the supporting laser power is 180W, the powder spreading thickness is 45 μm, the scanning speed is 1400mm/s, the spot diameter is 70 μm, and the sequential scanning and interlayer scanning are adopted, so that the processing efficiency can be improved, and the supporting and removing are convenient;
step 2, material preparation: taking raw material GH5188 alloy powder, wherein the granularity of the powder meets the specification of 15-53 mu m;
step 3, drying the GH5188 alloy powder prepared in the step 2 in a powder drying oven;
in step 3, the drying process comprises the following steps: preserving the heat for 5 hours at 120 ℃ in a vacuum protection environment;
step 4, loading the GH5188 alloy powder dried in the step 3 into a powder cabin of selective laser melting forming equipment, selecting a substrate which is the same as a formed metal material or is made of GH4169 material, fixing the substrate in the forming cabin of the selective laser melting forming equipment, then adjusting the upper position and the lower position of the substrate in a manual adjusting mode, adjusting a scraper, scraping the GH5188 alloy powder by the scraper, repeatedly paving the substrate in a trial mode until the scraper completely paves the whole substrate according to the thickness of 0.03mm each time, locking the forming cabin, vacuumizing the forming cabin and filling inert gas pure argon for protection to enable the argon concentration to reach 99.99%, and simultaneously preheating the substrate, wherein the preheating temperature is 120 ℃;
step 5, printing heat shield parts: inputting the Stl format file and the process parameter file obtained in the step (1) into selective laser melting forming equipment, and processing the heat shield parts by using the set parameters;
and 6, cleaning the heat shield part formed in the step 5, taking the heat shield part with the substrate after the powder cleaning out from a forming cabin workbench, performing stress relief annealing at 850 ℃, heating the heat shield part with the substrate along with a furnace, preserving heat for 1 hour, protecting argon, cooling along with the furnace, and eliminating the internal stress generated in the forming process of the heat shield part by the annealing process to prevent the heat shield part from deforming. Annealing the base plate, continuously using the support, pulling the heat shield part while eliminating the stress of the heat shield part, and releasing the stress on the support;
in step 6, separating the heat shield part subjected to stress relief annealing from the substrate and removing the support; separating the heat shield part from the substrate by adopting linear cutting, manually removing the support, adding a support surface to the heat shield part, polishing, and performing sand blasting treatment on the heat shield part after polishing;
in the step 6, hot isostatic pressing treatment is carried out on the heat shield part and the sample after sand blasting, the temperature is 1180 ℃, the pressure is 140MPa, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours; hot isostatic pressing helps to eliminate carbides and microscopic pores existing in selective laser melting forming, reduces element segregation, and greatly maintains the ductility of the material while remarkably improving the strength of the material;
step 6, performing heat treatment on the heat shield part and the sample subjected to the hot isostatic pressing treatment, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 1150 ℃, the heat is preserved for 1 hour, the heat is protected by argon, the heat treatment is cooled along with the furnace, and the reasonable heat treatment temperature is beneficial to remelting precipitated carbide into a set, so that the comprehensive performance of the material is improved;
step 7, detecting the performance of the sample, namely performing metallographic detection and tensile property detection on a furnace sample which is placed beside the heat shield part in the same chamber and is formed along with the heat shield part; the tensile property detection results are shown in table 2, and the use requirements are met;
TABLE 2
| Sample number | Test temperature T/. degree.C | Tensile strengthσ b/MPa | Yield strengthσ 0.2/MPa | Elongation percentageδ 5/% |
| 1 | 25℃ | 935 | 521 | 44 |
| 2 | 25℃ | 894 | 507 | 49.5 |
| 3 | 25℃ | 910 | 512 | 50 |
The metallographic structure diagram is shown in FIG. 3, the structure is uniform, no obvious carbide precipitation exists, and no defects such as pore cracks, unfused fusion and the like exist.
Example 3
The method for preparing the GH5188 engine heat shield by the laser selective melting technology is implemented by the following steps:
step 1, model processing: using UG software and Magics software to perform allowance addition, placement mode selection and support addition on the heat shield part three-dimensional model, slicing according to the thickness of 0.05mm, and outputting Stl format files and process parameter files after setting heat shield part entities, heat shield part outer profiles, supported laser power, scanning speed, scanning mode, scanning interval, powder layer thickness and light spot compensation in slicing, and waiting for inputting laser selection area melting forming equipment;
in the step 1, a heat shield part placing mode is selected to place in a mode of forming an included angle of 45 degrees with a substrate, the final forming precision of the heat shield part is guaranteed, supporting and removing are convenient, and 2mm polishing and machining allowance are added on the bottom surface of the heat shield clamped by the heat shield part and the substrate; using Magics software to automatically generate grid support to realize the addition of heat shield part support; then, cutting the heat shield part by using Magics software;
in the step 1, the laser power of the heat shield part entity is 250W, the powder layer thickness is 60 microns, the scanning speed is 1000mm/s, the spot diameter is 100 microns, the scanning interval is 0.10mm, an island-shaped scanning mode is adopted, the internal stress is reduced, and the forming quality of the heat shield part is improved;
in the step 1, the laser power of the outer contour of the heat shield part is 200W, the powder layer thickness is 60 microns, the scanning speed is 700mm/s, the spot diameter is 80 microns, the spot compensation is 0.09mm, and the surface precision and quality of the heat shield part are improved by adopting a sequential scanning mode;
in the step 1, the supporting laser power is 200W, the powder laying thickness is 60 microns, the scanning speed is 1600mm/s, the spot diameter is 80 microns, sequential scanning is adopted, and interlayer scanning is adopted, so that the processing efficiency can be improved, and the supporting removal is convenient;
step 2, material preparation: taking raw material GH5188 alloy powder, wherein the granularity of the powder meets the specification of 15-53 mu m;
step 3, drying the GH5188 alloy powder prepared in the step 2 in a powder drying oven;
in step 3, the drying process comprises the following steps: preserving the heat for 5 hours at 120 ℃ in a vacuum protection environment;
step 4, loading the GH5188 alloy powder dried in the step 3 into a powder cabin of selective laser melting forming equipment, selecting a substrate which is the same as a formed metal material or is made of GH4169 material, fixing the substrate in the forming cabin of the selective laser melting forming equipment, then adjusting the upper position and the lower position of the substrate in a manual adjusting mode, adjusting a scraper, scraping the GH5188 alloy powder by the scraper, repeatedly paving the substrate in a trial mode until the scraper completely paves the whole substrate according to the thickness of 0.03mm each time, locking the forming cabin, vacuumizing the forming cabin and filling inert gas pure argon for protection to enable the argon concentration to reach 99.99%, and simultaneously preheating the substrate, wherein the preheating temperature is 120 ℃;
step 5, printing heat shield parts: inputting the Stl format file and the process parameter file obtained in the step (1) into selective laser melting forming equipment, and processing the heat shield parts by using the set parameters;
and 6, cleaning the heat shield part formed in the step 5, taking the heat shield part with the substrate after the powder cleaning out from a forming cabin workbench, performing stress relief annealing, wherein the annealing temperature is 860 ℃, the heat shield part with the substrate is heated along with a furnace, preserving heat for 1 hour, protecting argon, cooling along with the furnace, and the annealing process can eliminate the internal stress generated in the forming process of the heat shield part and prevent the heat shield part from deforming. Annealing the base plate, continuously using the support, pulling the heat shield part while eliminating the stress of the heat shield part, and releasing the stress on the support;
in step 6, separating the heat shield part subjected to stress relief annealing from the substrate and removing the support; separating the heat shield part from the substrate by adopting linear cutting, manually removing the support, adding a support surface to the heat shield part, polishing, and performing sand blasting treatment on the heat shield part after polishing;
step 6, carrying out hot isostatic pressing treatment on the heat shield part and the sample subjected to sand blasting, wherein the temperature is 1200 ℃, the pressure is 150MPa, and the heat preservation time is 3 h; hot isostatic pressing helps to eliminate carbides and microscopic pores existing in selective laser melting forming, reduces element segregation, and greatly maintains the ductility of the material while remarkably improving the strength of the material;
step 6, performing heat treatment on the heat shield part and the sample subjected to the hot isostatic pressing treatment, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 1200 ℃, keeping the temperature for 1 hour, protecting the sample by argon, cooling the sample along with a furnace, and ensuring that the precipitated carbide is remelted into a set due to reasonable heat treatment temperature so as to improve the comprehensive performance of the material;
step 7, detecting the performance of the sample, namely performing metallographic detection and tensile property detection on a furnace sample which is placed beside the heat shield part in the same chamber and is formed along with the heat shield part; the tensile property test results are shown in table 3, and the use requirements are met;
TABLE 3
| Sample number | Test temperature T/. degree.C | Tensile strengthσ b/MPa | Yield strengthσ 0.2/MPa | Elongation percentageδ 5/% |
| 1 | 25℃ | 896 | 503 | 51 |
| 2 | 25℃ | 935 | 517 | 46 |
| 3 | 25℃ | 921 | 506 | 42 |
The metallographic structure chart is shown in FIG. 4, the structure is uniform, no obvious carbide precipitation exists, and no defects such as pore cracks, unfused fusion and the like exist.
Claims (2)
1. The method for preparing the GH5188 engine heat shield by the laser selective melting technology is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, model processing: using UG software and Magics software to perform allowance addition, placement mode selection and support addition on the heat shield part three-dimensional model, slicing according to the thickness of 0.03-0.05 mm, respectively setting a heat shield part entity, the outer contour of the heat shield part, the supported laser power, the scanning speed, the spot diameter, the scanning mode, the scanning interval, the powder layer thickness and the spot compensation in slicing, and finally outputting Stl format files and process parameter files to wait for inputting laser selection melting forming equipment;
step 2, material preparation: taking raw material GH5188 alloy powder;
step 3, drying the GH5188 alloy powder obtained in the step 2 in a powder drying oven;
step 4, loading the GH5188 alloy powder dried in the step 3 into a powder cabin of selective laser melting forming equipment, selecting a substrate which is the same as a formed metal material or is made of GH4169 material, fixing the substrate on a workbench in the forming cabin in the selective laser melting forming equipment, scraping the GH5188 alloy powder by using a scraper in a manual adjusting mode, repeatedly paving the GH5188 alloy powder on the substrate in a trial mode until the GH5188 alloy powder is completely paved on the whole substrate by the scraper, locking the forming cabin, vacuumizing the forming cabin, filling inert gas for protection, and simultaneously preheating the substrate;
step 5, printing heat shield parts: inputting the Stl format file and the process parameter file obtained in the step (1) into selective laser melting forming equipment, and processing the heat shield parts by using the set parameters;
step 6, performing stress relief annealing, support removal, hot isostatic pressing and heat treatment on the heat shield part formed in the step 5; wherein the annealing temperature is 850 +/-10 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 1 h; hot isostatic pressing: the temperature is 1150-1200 ℃, the pressure is 130-150 MPa, and the heat preservation time is 3 h; the heat treatment temperature is as follows: keeping the temperature for 1h at 1100-1200 ℃;
step 7, detecting the performance of the sample, namely performing metallographic detection and tensile property detection on a furnace sample which is placed beside the heat shield part in the same chamber and is formed along with the heat shield part;
in the step 1, the laser power of a heat shield part entity is 200W-250W, the powder layer thickness is 30 μm-60 μm, the scanning speed is 600 mm/s-1000 mm/s, the spot diameter is 50 μm-100 μm, the scanning interval is 0.05 mm-0.10 mm, and an island-shaped scanning mode is adopted;
in the step 1, the laser power of the outer contour of the heat shield part is 100W-200W, the powder layer thickness is 30 μm-60 μm, the scanning speed is 300 mm/s-700 mm/s, the spot diameter is 50 μm-80 μm, the spot compensation is 0.05-0.09mm, and a sequential scanning mode is adopted;
in the step 1, the supporting laser power is 150W-200W, the powder spreading thickness is 30 μm-60 μm, the scanning speed is 1200 mm/s-1600 mm/s, the spot diameter is 50 μm-80 μm, the laser scanning path is in a sequential scanning mode, and interlayer scanning is performed.
2. The method for preparing the GH5188 engine heat shield by the selective laser melting technology of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 1, the heat shield parts are placed in a mode of forming an included angle of 45 degrees with the substrate; adding 1 mm-2 mm of grinding and machining allowance on the bottom surface of the heat shield, wherein the heat shield part and the substrate are clamped; the mesh support is automatically generated using Magics software.
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| CN115319113A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-11 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Laser selective melting manufacturing method for aeroengine cyclone casing |
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