CN113765600A - Self-correction method for receiving and transmitting parameters of distributed array antenna - Google Patents

Self-correction method for receiving and transmitting parameters of distributed array antenna Download PDF

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CN113765600A
CN113765600A CN202111095989.5A CN202111095989A CN113765600A CN 113765600 A CN113765600 A CN 113765600A CN 202111095989 A CN202111095989 A CN 202111095989A CN 113765600 A CN113765600 A CN 113765600A
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antenna
receiving
factor
transmitting
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CN113765600B (en
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杨峰
刘旺
丁良辉
胡玲娜
宋治平
赵怀松
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering
Shanghai Institute of Microwave Technology CETC 50 Research Institute
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering
Shanghai Institute of Microwave Technology CETC 50 Research Institute
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
    • H04B17/11—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration
    • H04B17/12—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration of transmit antennas, e.g. of the amplitude or phase
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/20—Monitoring; Testing of receivers
    • H04B17/21—Monitoring; Testing of receivers for calibration; for correcting measurements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for self-correcting the receiving and sending parameters of a distributed array antenna, which is based on the functional relationship between a propagation phase and a propagation distance, utilizes an antenna which has a common perpendicular bisector with a measured antenna and a reference antenna to transmit a predicted test signal or utilizes the antenna to receive the predicted test signal, receives or transmits the reference antenna and the measured antenna, and obtains the receiving factor or the measured value of the transmitting factor of the measured antenna relative to the reference antenna after signal processing; and performing symbol correction on the measured receiving factor or transmitting factor of the measured antenna relative to the reference antenna by using the calibration value of the channel factor as the basis for accepting or rejecting the sign, and further outputting the corrected receiving factor or transmitting factor of the measured antenna relative to the reference antenna to finish the correction of all antenna parameters. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that a far-field signal source is not needed during phase correction, the practical application is more convenient and flexible, and the like.

Description

Self-correction method for receiving and transmitting parameters of distributed array antenna
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antenna array parameter measurement and phase correction, in particular to a transmitting and receiving parameter self-correction method of a distributed array antenna.
Background
Antennas are an indispensable part of all communication devices, and in recent years, smart antennas have attracted great attention from communication researchers due to having more information dimensions than conventional antennas. The most core advantage of the intelligent antenna is that the mode that the antenna design is limited by simulation is thoroughly changed, and the digital technology is applied to the antenna array, so that the flexible controllability of the antenna directional diagram is really realized. The intelligent antenna has the advantages of flexibility, interference resistance, improvement of frequency spectrum utilization rate, increase of system capacity, increase of base station coverage area, reduction of multipath effect, convenience in positioning and the like, and the premise of obtaining the effects is that amplitude phase correction can be realized by transmitting and receiving of the array antenna.
The inherent transmit and receive gains of the antennas cause the beamforming weight vectors to be offset. The correlation algorithm of the smart antenna can work only if the amplitude-phase error of the antenna is artificially compensated. For this reason, an antenna amplitude and phase correction algorithm needs to be designed.
When performing the incoming wave estimation and beam forming of the antenna array, the amplitude-phase controller needs to compensate the deviation of the antenna receiving and transmitting parameters caused by the difference of the matrix element properties. The traditional antenna array correction technology integrates parameter deviation caused by antenna quality into a channel matrix, and utilizes incoming wave data of a known information source to update the channel matrix in an iterative manner, so that the channel matrix is converged to the channel matrix under an actual scene. The conventional array error correction method is divided into a self-correction method and an active correction method, wherein the former needs an auxiliary information source with an accurately known spatial position, and the latter only needs an auxiliary information source with an unknown position. Both methods do not leave the assistance of a far-field source. Namely, the conventional antenna array rectification method has the following disadvantages: there must be a far-field signal source for which the relative position information is known. In an actual application environment, since it is difficult to obtain a confirmed far-field signal source, the implementation difficulty of the antenna array correction method based on the incoming wave is greatly increased. In addition, the conventional array error correction method can only be used for special array types, such as a characteristic decomposition method for uniform circular arrays and square arrays, and the application range is limited.
Under the condition of no confirmed far-field signal source, the antenna array parameters can be measured and corrected by the central antenna. Because the central antenna can affect the consistency of the array antenna system, the antenna array usually cannot be designed into a central antenna for amplitude and phase correction, and a parameter measurement method without the central antenna needs to be designed according to the characteristics of the array.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a method for self-correcting transmit/receive parameters of a distributed array antenna to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a self-correction method for receiving and transmitting parameters of a distributed array antenna comprises the following steps:
and measuring an antenna receiving and transmitting factor based on symmetry:
based on the function relation between the propagation phase and the propagation distance, transmitting a predicted test signal by using an antenna which has a common perpendicular bisector with the antenna to be measured and the reference antenna or receiving the predicted test signal by using the antenna, receiving or transmitting the reference antenna and the antenna to be measured, and obtaining a measured value of a receiving factor or a transmitting factor of the antenna to be measured relative to the reference antenna after signal processing, namely obtaining the parameter of the antenna to be measured;
and a receiving and sending factor symbol correction step:
and performing symbol correction on the receiving factor or the transmitting factor of the measured antenna relative to the reference antenna, which is measured in the antenna receiving and transmitting factor measuring step based on symmetry, by using the calibration value of the channel factor as the basis for accepting or rejecting the sign, and further outputting the corrected receiving factor or the corrected transmitting factor of the measured antenna relative to the reference antenna to finish the correction of all antenna parameters.
Furthermore, the parameters of the antenna to be measured are measured by matching two or one antenna with a common perpendicular bisector between the reference antenna and the antenna to be measured.
Further, dividing all the antennas into a plurality of clusters according to the symmetry of the array, wherein the clusters meet the requirement that other antennas exist on the midperpendicular of any two adjacent antennas in any one cluster; and uniformly correcting the symbols of the receiving and transmitting parameters of the antennas in the clusters by using the antennas on the perpendicular bisectors of every two adjacent antennas, and uniformly correcting the symbols of the receiving and transmitting parameters of the cluster heads of each cluster by using the phase calibration values of the receiving and transmitting parameters, thereby finally finishing the symbol correction of the receiving and transmitting parameters of the whole antenna array.
The step of measuring the antenna transmit-receive factor based on symmetry specifically comprises the following steps:
11) carrying out data initialization, and representing the total number of the antennas as N;
12) determining the antenna distance, making the antenna k equal to 1: N-1, and respectively calculating the distance d from the antenna k to the antenna 00(k) And the distance d from antenna k to antenna jj(k)；
13) Determining the selected symmetrical antenna group set, and calculating the symmetrical antenna group full set S of the antenna 0 and the antenna j0,jAnd take a non-empty subset
Figure BDA0003269160570000031
14) The antenna measurement is carried out, i is 1: | C0,j|，|C0,jL is the set C0,jThe number of middle elements, C0,jThe ith symmetrical antenna group (m, n)iThe antenna m and the antenna n are respectively used as transmitting antennasTransmitting a known signal x, receiving the known signal by an antenna 0 and an antenna j to obtain a signal ym,j,ym,0,yn,j,yn,0；ym,j,ym,0,yn,j,yn,0Receiving a signal sent by an antenna m, a signal sent by an antenna 0, a signal sent by an antenna n and a signal sent by an antenna 0 and an antenna j respectively; c is to be0,jThe ith symmetrical antenna group (m, n)iAntenna m and antenna niRespectively as receiving antenna, antenna 0 and antenna j as transmitting antenna to transmit known signal x to obtain yj,m,y0,m,yj,n,y0,n；yj,m,y0,m,yj,n,y0,nReceiving a signal sent by an antenna j, a signal sent by an antenna m and an antenna 0, a signal sent by an antenna j and a signal sent by an antenna n and an antenna 0 respectively;
15) the mean square of the relative factors was calculated using the formula
Figure BDA0003269160570000032
Figure BDA0003269160570000033
Figure BDA0003269160570000034
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0003269160570000035
the transmit and receive factors of antenna 0, respectively;
Figure BDA0003269160570000036
the transmitting and receiving factors of the antenna j are respectively;
16) to pair
Figure BDA0003269160570000037
Cutting root and taking the first and fourth quadrants of the complex planeAs a relative factor without symbol correction
Figure BDA0003269160570000038
Figure BDA0003269160570000039
Figure BDA00032691605700000310
17) j equals j +1, and if j equals N, the process ends; otherwise, go to step 12);
18) outputting the initial received relative factor without symbol correction:
Figure BDA0003269160570000041
and initial emission relative factor without symbol correction:
Figure BDA0003269160570000042
the above signal ym,j,ym,0,yn,j,yn,0And signal yj,m,y0,m,yj,n,y0,nThe expression of (a) is:
Figure BDA0003269160570000043
Figure BDA0003269160570000044
Figure BDA0003269160570000045
Figure BDA0003269160570000046
Figure BDA0003269160570000047
Figure BDA0003269160570000048
Figure BDA0003269160570000049
Figure BDA00032691605700000410
where x is the signal transmitted by the i antenna and dp(q) is the distance from antenna p to antenna q, p ═ j, 0,1, q ═ m, n;
Figure BDA00032691605700000411
is a propagation distance of dpPropagation channel factor at (q);
Figure BDA00032691605700000412
is the transmission factor of antenna 1;
Figure BDA00032691605700000413
Figure BDA00032691605700000414
the transmitting and receiving factors of the antenna m are respectively;
Figure BDA00032691605700000415
the transmitting and receiving factors of the antenna n are respectively; n isa,bWhen antenna a transmits, antenna b receives noise, a is m, n, 1, j, b is j, 0, m, n.
Further, the symmetric antenna group is a symmetric antenna group having a common perpendicular bisector between the antenna i and the antenna j, and the symmetric antenna group is a binary positive integer group (m, N) satisfying the following formula, where m, N ∈ {0, 1., N }, m, N ≠ i, m, N ≠ j:
di(m)＝dj(n),dj(m)＝di(n)
define the set of all symmetric antenna groups for antenna i and antenna j as:
Si,j＝{(m,n)i,j|di(m)＝dj(n),dj(m)＝di(n),m,n≠i,m,n≠j}
in the formula (d)i(m) is the distance from antenna i to antenna m, diAnd (n) is the distance from the antenna i to the antenna n.
The step of correcting the symbols of the receiving and sending factors specifically comprises the following steps:
21) initializing data, setting l to 1, inputting receiving factor of antenna to be measured relative to reference antenna without symbol correction
Figure BDA00032691605700000416
Or emission factor
Figure BDA00032691605700000417
Figure BDA0003269160570000051
Figure BDA0003269160570000052
22) Antenna l does not shift phase and sends test signal x, and adjacent antenna of antenna l does not shift phase and receives simultaneously, and the received signal is respectively:
Figure BDA0003269160570000053
Figure BDA0003269160570000054
Figure BDA0003269160570000055
Figure BDA0003269160570000056
23) calculating the receiving reference phase difference and the transmitting reference phase difference of the antenna l-1 and the antenna l +1 by using the following formula:
Figure BDA0003269160570000057
Figure BDA0003269160570000058
24) and correcting the relative receiving and transmitting factors of the antenna l-1 and the antenna l +1 by the following formula:
Figure BDA0003269160570000059
Figure BDA00032691605700000510
Figure BDA00032691605700000511
Figure BDA00032691605700000512
25) let l be l + 1; if l is N-1, go to step 26), otherwise, transpose step 22);
26) correcting the symbols of the antenna 0 and the antenna 1;
Figure BDA0003269160570000061
Figure BDA0003269160570000062
Figure BDA0003269160570000063
Figure BDA0003269160570000064
27) recording updated
Figure BDA0003269160570000065
And outputs it as the final relative receive, transmit factor:
Figure BDA0003269160570000066
compared with the prior art, the self-correction method for the receiving and sending parameters of the distributed array antenna provided by the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
1) the conventional array error correction method is divided into a self-correction method and an active correction method, wherein the former needs an auxiliary information source with an accurately known spatial position, and the latter only needs an auxiliary information source with an unknown position. Both methods do not leave the assistance of a far-field source. Under the condition of no far-field signal source assistance, the invention determines the receiving and transmitting factors of each antenna relative to the reference antenna by a self-correcting method only by utilizing the signal free space fading and the space property of the antenna array, so that a far-field signal source is not needed during phase correction, and the practical application is more convenient and flexible; and the algorithm adopted by the method is simpler.
2) The traditional array error correction method is generally directed at special array types, such as a characteristic decomposition method for uniform circular arrays and square arrays. The method provided by the patent is applicable to array structures with geometric symmetry, including but not limited to uniform circular arrays, and the array type range applicable to the method is wider.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for self-correcting transmit-receive parameters of a distributed array antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a symmetrical antenna group having a common axis of symmetry with antennas 0 and 4;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a system for measuring a reception factor according to an embodiment;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a symbol rectification process of serial number consecutive antennas in the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Examples
The invention relates to a self-correction method for transmitting and receiving parameters of a distributed array antenna, which considers the functional relation between signal space domain fading and space under the condition of no external signal assistance and no central measurement antenna, selects a plurality of antennas with space meeting specific conditions in an array to carry out mutual measurement, and realizes the self-correction of the transmitting and receiving parameters of the array antenna. The main principle is as follows: according to the symmetry of the array, all antennas are divided into a plurality of clusters with the number as small as possible, so that the clusters satisfy the following conditions: there are other antennas on the midperpendicular of any two adjacent antennas in any one cluster. And uniformly correcting the symbols of the receiving and transmitting parameters of the antennas in the clusters by using the antennas on the perpendicular bisectors of every two adjacent antennas, and uniformly correcting the symbols of the receiving and transmitting parameters of the cluster heads of each cluster by using the phase calibration values of the receiving and transmitting parameters, thereby finally finishing the symbol correction of the receiving and transmitting parameters of the whole antenna array. The method comprises an antenna receiving and transmitting factor measuring step and a receiving and transmitting factor symbol correcting step based on symmetry.
The antenna receiving and transmitting factor measuring step based on symmetry comprises the following specific contents:
on the premise that the propagation phase and the propagation distance have a functional relation, two (or one) antennas which have a common perpendicular bisector with the antenna to be measured and the reference antenna are used for transmitting (receiving) a predicted test signal, the reference antenna and the antenna to be measured receive (transmit), and after signal processing, the measured value of the receiving (transmitting) factor of the antenna to be measured relative to the reference antenna can be obtained.
The specific content of the receiving and sending factor symbol correcting step is as follows:
aiming at the problem of sign selection and rejection of relative receiving (transmitting) factors measured in the antenna receiving and transmitting factor measuring step based on symmetry, the calibration value of the channel factor is used as the basis for sign selection and rejection, and the receiving (transmitting) factors with uncertain signs are signed.
The symbols used in this example and their meanings are given in the table below.
Figure BDA0003269160570000071
Figure BDA0003269160570000081
The invention is in principle applicable to any antenna array having spatial symmetry. The present embodiment takes a uniform circular array as an example. Consider a uniform circular array with N antennas, with indices of 0,1, …, N. The invention receives the signal y transmitted by the i antenna by the j antennai，jModeling is as follows:
Figure BDA0003269160570000082
wherein x is a signal transmitted by an i antenna; distance d from i antenna to j antennai(j)＝|i-j|，ni,jIs the noise received by the j antenna when the i antenna transmits. h isdi(j)Is a propagation distance of di(j) Propagation channel factor of time.
Figure BDA0003269160570000083
Is the transmission factor of the i antenna.
The invention aims to measure the relative receiving and transmitting factors of all antennas in an antenna array relative to a 0 reference antenna
Figure BDA0003269160570000084
Figure BDA0003269160570000085
Is the transmission factor of the 0 antenna,
Figure BDA0003269160570000086
is the reception factor of 0 antenna. A symmetric antenna group (hereinafter referred to as symmetric antenna group) having a common perpendicular bisector with respect to the i antenna and the j antenna is defined as a binary positive integer group (m, N) satisfying the following formula, where m, N belongs to {0, 1.. multidot.n }, m, N ≠ i, m, N ≠ j.
di(m)＝dj(n),dj(m)＝di(n). (2)
Define the set of all symmetric antenna groups for i and j antennas as:
Si,j＝{(m,n)i,j|di(m)＝dj(n),dj(m)＝di(n),m,n≠i,m,n≠j}. (3)
the invention is based on signal receiving and transmitting among the symmetrical antenna groups of the reference antenna, the measured antenna, the reference antenna and the measured antenna.
Taking a 36-element uniform circular array as an example, all the antennas connected by the thinnest dotted line in fig. 2 are all the antenna pairs of 0 antenna and 4 antennas.
Firstly, the following describes the antenna transmit-receive factor measurement procedure based on symmetry:
the algorithm principle is as follows:
the purpose of the algorithm of this step is to measure the relative reception of all antennas in the antenna array with respect to a 0 reference antenna,Square of the emission factor
Figure BDA0003269160570000091
The average measurement is expressed as:
Figure BDA0003269160570000092
and obtaining a set of relative factors without symbol correction based thereon
Figure BDA0003269160570000093
Figure BDA0003269160570000094
The factor square is the square value of the real factor, the factor average measurement value is the measurement value of the factor square, and the relative factor without sign correction is the factor measurement value obtained by taking any one of the factor average measurement values after being squared.
The true factor, and its squared value, are not practically available. By measuring the square of the true factor, a factor average measurement is obtained that lies within an error neighborhood of the factor square on the numerical axis. While the relative factor without sign correction is the square root of the mean measure of the factor.
And (3) signal model: consider a symmetric subset of antennas with a common axis of symmetry for the reference antenna 0 and the measured antenna j
Figure BDA0003269160570000095
The known signal x is sent by using the antenna pair (m, n) as a transmitting antenna, and the known signal x is received by using the 0 antenna and the j antenna, or the known signal x is sent by using the 0 antenna and the j antenna as the transmitting antenna, and the following signals can be obtained by receiving the antenna pair (m, n):
Figure BDA0003269160570000101
the algorithm principle is as follows: fig. 3 shows a relative reception factor measurement system consisting of the reference antenna 0, the measured antenna j and a symmetrical antenna group (m, n) thereof, wherein the propagation channel factors and the corresponding received signals are indicated.
Since the propagation channel is a function of distance, the propagation factors are the same for the same propagation distance, and based on this, the analysis shows that the high snr is as follows:
Figure BDA0003269160570000102
defining the following equation as a single measurement of the relative receive factor and relative transmit factor squared for j antenna versus 0 antenna:
Figure BDA0003269160570000103
equation (6) shows that the relative reception factor
Figure BDA0003269160570000104
Approximated as a quadratic one-dimensional equation with respect to x
Figure BDA0003269160570000105
One of the two (a) and (b) is selected,
Figure BDA0003269160570000106
the same is true.
Multiple measurements intended to be made using different sets of symmetrical antennas
Figure BDA0003269160570000107
After averaging to obtain
Figure BDA0003269160570000108
Then to
Figure BDA0003269160570000109
Root cutting, and taking the root in the first and fourth quadrants of the complex plane as the relative factor without sign correction
Figure BDA0003269160570000111
It should be noted that it is preferable that,
Figure BDA0003269160570000112
the sign of (2) is not determined because the complex quadratic equation in the formula (8) has two opposite signs, and a special algorithm is required to be designed to determine the signs of the relative receiving and transmitting factors of the antenna to be measured.
And (3) error analysis: as can be seen from the following analysis, the relative factor calculation method in the above formula can accurately reflect the true relative factor under high signal-to-noise ratio, and the error is the inverse square of the signal-to-noise ratio SNR.
For a system formed by three m,0, j antennas, signals are directly compared when the symmetrical antenna group is used as a transmitting antenna, and first-order approximation is considered, so that the following can be obtained:
Figure BDA0003269160570000113
for n in the same wayiAnd 0, j three antennas form a system, and the signal comparison of the symmetrical antenna group serving as a transmitting antenna can obtain:
Figure BDA0003269160570000114
due to d0(m)＝dj(n),dj(m)＝d0(n), and multiplying the equations (9) and (10) by the propagation channel as a function of the propagation distance to obtain:
Figure BDA0003269160570000121
the above equation shows that the signal processing method in equation (7) can accurately represent the relative reception and transmission factor square of the antenna under high signal-to-noise ratio. Take all the possible (m, n)i∈C0,jCalculating the average after the formula (11) to obtain the square of the average receiving factor of the measured antenna j
Figure BDA0003269160570000122
The same is true.
The specific steps of the algorithm are as follows:
11) and initializing, wherein the total number of the antennas is N.
12) The antenna distance is determined. k is 1: N-1, and the distance d from the k antenna to the 0 antenna and the j antenna is calculated0(k) And dj(k)。
13) And determining the selected symmetrical antenna group set. Calculating a complete set S of symmetrical antenna groups of 0 antenna and j antenna0,jAnd take a non-empty subset
Figure BDA0003269160570000123
14) And (6) antenna measurement. i ═ 1: | C0,j|，|C0,jL is the set C0,jThe number of the elements in (B). C is to be0,jThe ith symmetrical antenna group (m, n)iThe m antenna and the n antenna are respectively used as a transmitting antenna to transmit a known signal x, 0 antenna and the j antenna to be used as a receiving antenna to receive to obtain ym,j,ym,0,yn,j,yn,0(ii) a C is to be0,jThe ith symmetrical antenna group (m, n)iAntenna m and antenna niRespectively as receiving antenna, 0 antenna and j antenna as transmitting antenna to transmit known signal x to obtain yj,m,y0,m,yj,n,y0,n。
15) The mean square of the relative factors was calculated using the formula
Figure BDA0003269160570000124
Figure BDA0003269160570000125
16) To pair
Figure BDA0003269160570000126
Root cutting, and taking the root in the first and fourth quadrants of the complex plane as the relative factor without sign correction
Figure BDA0003269160570000127
Figure BDA0003269160570000131
17) j equals j + 1. If j is equal to N, ending; otherwise, go to step 12).
18) Outputting the initial received relative factor without symbol correction:
Figure BDA0003269160570000132
and initial emission relative factor without symbol correction:
Figure BDA0003269160570000133
second, the symbol correction step of the receiving and transmitting factor
The algorithm principle is as follows:
to obtain the relative factor of the symbol correction, a determination is made
Figure BDA0003269160570000134
Sign (sign). The purpose of the algorithm is to determine the sign of the relative reception and transmission factors and finally obtain
Figure BDA0003269160570000135
The following of this embodiment will use the symbol correction of the receiving factor as an example to clarify the principle of this step, and the symbol correction of the transmitting factor can be implemented by using a similar method.
Odd (even) number cluster internal correction principle: considering any three antennas j-1, j, j +1 with consecutive sequence numbers, the symbol correction principle is as follows. The middle antenna j sends a known signal x, and after the other two antennas j-1, j +1 receive, phase shifts are respectively calculated
Figure BDA0003269160570000136
And using relative reception factors without symbol correction
Figure BDA0003269160570000137
Compensating the phase shift, and subtracting the compensated phase shift to calculate the reference phase difference, wherein the specific calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003269160570000138
reference phase difference
Figure BDA0003269160570000139
Theoretically either around 0 or around pi (noise effects). This is because the transmitting antennas are the same antenna (middle antenna), the distances from the two receiving antennas to the middle antenna are the same, and the propagation channels are the same, so the phase difference of the signals received by the two receiving antennas reflects the real receiving phase difference of the two antennas. The purpose of phase correction is to allow reception between the antennas to be phase-free. After compensating the phase with the reception factor without symbol correction, the reference phase difference of the reception signal of the reception antenna is either around 0 or around pi. If the reference phase difference is about 0, indicating that the signs of the relative factors of the two antennas adjacent to the middle antenna without sign correction are the same; if the reference phase difference is around pi, the signs of the relative factors of the two antennas which are not subjected to the sign correction are just opposite, and the signs of the receiving factors of one antenna are changed to obtain new receiving factors, so that the sign correction of the two antennas is completed. The process is shown in figure 4.
All three serial number continuous antennas are taken in ascending order, the operation is carried out, and the symbol correction is carried out on the antenna with the larger serial number relative to the antenna with the smaller serial number, as a result, the antenna with the even number (subsequently called an even cluster) completes the symbol correction on the cluster head 0 antenna relative to the even cluster, the antenna with the odd number (subsequently called an odd cluster) completes the intra-cluster symbol correction on the cluster head 1 antenna relative to the odd cluster, and the symbol relation between the odd cluster and the even cluster has two possibilities of same number or different numbers. To determine the sign relationship between odd and even clusters, inter-cluster rectification is required.
The odd cluster and even cluster correction principle: the key to the inter-cluster correction is to correct the phase of the 0 antenna and the 1 antenna. The symbol correction method for 0 antenna and 1 antenna is that before the system works, a channel propagation factor ratio calibration value with the distance of 2 and the distance of 1 is measured
Figure BDA0003269160570000141
After the system is powered on and works, the antenna 2 and the antenna N-1 send the known signals, and the antenna 0 and the antenna 1 receive the known signals. Calculating a measure of the phase difference between the channel propagation factors at distance 2 and distance 1 using the following equation
Figure BDA0003269160570000142
(taking the first quadrant root):
Figure BDA0003269160570000143
then:
Figure BDA0003269160570000144
h is to be2,1Two possible values of
Figure BDA0003269160570000145
Comparing to obtain the nearest
Figure BDA0003269160570000146
As an accurate value of the channel propagation factor phase difference for distance 2 and distance 1. In the following formula, h is an optimized variable
Figure BDA0003269160570000151
Determination of h2,1Then, 2 antenna sends signal x, 0 antenna and 1 antenna receive at the same time, get signal y2,1And y2,0And calculating the reference phase difference delta using the following equation1,0。
Figure BDA0003269160570000152
If it is not
Figure BDA0003269160570000153
Around 0, then
Figure BDA0003269160570000154
And true
Figure BDA0003269160570000155
The symbols are the same, and the odd cluster and the even cluster are automatically corrected by the relative receiving factor symbols; if it is not
Figure BDA0003269160570000156
And near pi, the odd cluster and the even cluster have opposite phase signs, the even cluster is kept unchanged relative to the receiving factor sign, and the odd cluster has different signs relative to the receiving factor sign, so that the sign correction of the array is completed.
The specific steps of the algorithm are as follows:
21) initialization, l ═ 1, the relative factor without symbol correction is input:
Figure BDA0003269160570000157
22) the antenna sends test signal x without phase shift, the adjacent antennas of the antenna receive simultaneously without phase shift, the received signals are respectively
Figure BDA0003269160570000158
23) And calculating the receiving reference phase difference and the transmitting reference phase difference of the l-1 antenna and the l +1 antenna.
Figure BDA0003269160570000161
24) And correcting the relative receiving and transmitting factors of the l-1 antenna and the l +1 antenna by using the following formula.
Figure BDA0003269160570000162
25) l + 1; if l ═ N-1, step 26) is performed. Otherwise, transpose step 22).
26) The symbols of the 0 antenna and the 1 antenna are corrected.
Figure BDA0003269160570000163
27) Recording updated
Figure BDA0003269160570000164
And outputs it as the final relative receive, transmit factor:
Figure BDA0003269160570000165
under the condition of no far-field signal assistance, the invention determines the receiving and sending factors of each antenna relative to the reference antenna by a self-correcting method only by utilizing the signal free space fading and the space property of the antenna array, so that a far-field signal source is not needed during phase correction, and the practical application is more convenient and flexible; and the algorithm adopted by the method is simpler. In addition, the method is applicable to array structures with geometric symmetry, including but not limited to uniform circular arrays, and the array form applicable to the method is wider in range.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, the invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (7)

1. A method for self-correcting receiving and transmitting parameters of a distributed array antenna is characterized by comprising the following steps:
and measuring an antenna receiving and transmitting factor based on symmetry:
based on the function relation between the propagation phase and the propagation distance, transmitting a predicted test signal by using an antenna which has a common perpendicular bisector with the antenna to be measured and the reference antenna or receiving the predicted test signal by using the antenna, receiving or transmitting the reference antenna and the antenna to be measured, and obtaining a measured value of a receiving factor or a transmitting factor of the antenna to be measured relative to the reference antenna after signal processing, namely obtaining the parameter of the antenna to be measured;
and a receiving and sending factor symbol correction step:
and performing symbol correction on the receiving factor or the transmitting factor of the measured antenna relative to the reference antenna, which is measured in the antenna receiving and transmitting factor measuring step based on symmetry, by using the calibration value of the channel factor as the basis for accepting or rejecting the sign, and further outputting the corrected receiving factor or the corrected transmitting factor of the measured antenna relative to the reference antenna to finish the correction of all antenna parameters.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the measured antenna parameters are measured by using two or more antennas having a common perpendicular bisector with respect to the reference antenna and the measured antenna.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein all antennas are divided into a plurality of clusters according to array symmetry, and the plurality of clusters satisfy that other antennas exist on midperpendicular lines of any two adjacent antennas in any one cluster; and uniformly correcting the symbols of the receiving and transmitting parameters of the antennas in the clusters by using the antennas on the perpendicular bisectors of every two adjacent antennas, and uniformly correcting the symbols of the receiving and transmitting parameters of the cluster heads of each cluster by using the phase calibration values of the receiving and transmitting parameters, thereby finally finishing the symbol correction of the receiving and transmitting parameters of the whole antenna array.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the step of measuring the antenna transmit-receive factor based on symmetry comprises the following steps:
11) carrying out data initialization, and representing the total number of the antennas as N;
12) determining the antenna distance, making the antenna k equal to 1: N-1, and respectively calculating the distance d from the antenna k to the antenna 00(k) And the distance d from antenna k to antenna jj(k)；
13) Determining the selected symmetrical antenna group set, and calculating the symmetrical antenna group full set S of the antenna 0 and the antenna j0,jAnd take a non-empty subset
Figure FDA0003269160560000011
14) The antenna measurement is carried out, i is 1: | C0,j|，|C0,jL is the set C0,jThe number of middle elements, C0,jThe ith symmetrical antenna group (m, n)iThe antenna m and the antenna n are respectively used as a transmitting antenna to transmit a known signal x, and the antenna 0 and the antenna j are used as a receiving antenna to receive a signal ym,j,ym,0,yn,j,yn,0；ym,j,ym,0,yn,j,yn,0Receiving a signal sent by an antenna m, a signal sent by an antenna 0, a signal sent by an antenna n and a signal sent by an antenna 0 and an antenna j respectively; c is to be0,jThe ith symmetrical antenna group (m, n)iAntenna m and antenna niRespectively as receiving antenna, antenna 0 and antenna j as transmitting antenna to transmit known signal x to obtain yj,m,y0,m,yj,n,y0,n；yj,m,y0,m,yj,n,y0,nReceiving a signal sent by an antenna j, a signal sent by an antenna m and an antenna 0, a signal sent by an antenna j and a signal sent by an antenna n and an antenna 0 respectively;
15) calculated using the following equationMean square of relative factor
Figure FDA0003269160560000021
Figure FDA0003269160560000022
Figure FDA0003269160560000023
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0003269160560000024
the transmit and receive factors of antenna 0, respectively;
Figure FDA0003269160560000025
the transmitting and receiving factors of the antenna j are respectively;
16) to pair
Figure FDA0003269160560000026
Root cutting, and taking the root in the first and fourth quadrants of the complex plane as the relative factor without sign correction
Figure FDA0003269160560000027
Figure FDA0003269160560000028
Figure FDA0003269160560000029
17) j equals j +1, and if j equals N, the process ends; otherwise, go to step 12);
18) outputting the initial received relative factor without symbol correction:
Figure FDA0003269160560000031
and initial emission relative factor without symbol correction:
Figure FDA0003269160560000032
5. the method of claim 4, wherein the signal y is a signal obtained by performing self-calibration on the transmit/receive parameters of the distributed array antennam，j，ym，0，yn，j，yn，0And signal yj，m，y0，m，yj，n，y0，nThe expression of (a) is:
Figure FDA0003269160560000033
Figure FDA0003269160560000034
Figure FDA0003269160560000035
Figure FDA0003269160560000036
Figure FDA0003269160560000037
Figure FDA0003269160560000038
Figure FDA0003269160560000039
Figure FDA00032691605600000310
where x is the signal transmitted by the i antenna and dp(q) is the distance from antenna p to antenna q, p ═ j, 0,1, q ═ m, n;
Figure FDA00032691605600000311
is a propagation distance of dpPropagation channel factor at (q);
Figure FDA00032691605600000312
is the transmission factor of antenna 1;
Figure FDA00032691605600000313
Figure FDA00032691605600000314
the transmitting and receiving factors of the antenna m are respectively;
Figure FDA00032691605600000315
the transmitting and receiving factors of the antenna n are respectively; n isa，bWhen antenna a transmits, antenna b receives noise, a is m, n, 1, j, b is j, 0, m, n.
6. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the symmetric antenna set is a symmetric antenna set having a common perpendicular bisector between the antenna i and the antenna j, and the symmetric antenna set is a binary positive integer set (m, N) satisfying the following formula, wherein m, N ∈ {0, 1.. and N }, m, N ≠ i, m, N ≠ j:
di(m)＝dj(n)，dj(m)＝di(n)
define the set of all symmetric antenna groups for antenna i and antenna j as:
Si，j＝{(m，n)i，j|di(m)＝dj(n)，dj(m)＝di(n)，m，n≠i，m，n≠j}
in the formula (d)i(m) is the distance from antenna i to antenna m, diAnd (n) is the distance from the antenna i to the antenna n.
7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the step of correcting the symbols of the transmit/receive factors specifically comprises the steps of:
21) initializing data, setting l to 1, inputting receiving factor of antenna to be measured relative to reference antenna without symbol correction
Figure FDA0003269160560000041
Or emission factor
Figure FDA0003269160560000042
Figure FDA0003269160560000043
Figure FDA0003269160560000044
22) Antenna l does not shift phase and sends test signal x, and adjacent antenna of antenna l does not shift phase and receives simultaneously, and the received signal is respectively:
Figure FDA0003269160560000045
Figure FDA0003269160560000046
Figure FDA0003269160560000047
Figure FDA0003269160560000048
23) calculating the receiving reference phase difference and the transmitting reference phase difference of the antenna l-1 and the antenna l +1 by using the following formula:
Figure FDA0003269160560000049
Figure FDA00032691605600000410
24) and correcting the relative receiving and transmitting factors of the antenna l-1 and the antenna l +1 by the following formula:
Figure FDA00032691605600000411
Figure FDA00032691605600000412
Figure FDA00032691605600000413
Figure FDA00032691605600000414
25) let l be l + 1; if l is N-1, go to step 26), otherwise, transpose step 22);
26) correcting the symbols of the antenna 0 and the antenna 1;
Figure FDA0003269160560000051
Figure FDA0003269160560000052
Figure FDA0003269160560000053
Figure FDA0003269160560000054
27) recording updated
Figure FDA0003269160560000055
And outputs it as the final relative receive, transmit factor:
Figure FDA0003269160560000056
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