CN113765559A - Correction method and system for DBF phased-array antenna - Google Patents

Correction method and system for DBF phased-array antenna Download PDF

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CN113765559A
CN113765559A CN202110927708.1A CN202110927708A CN113765559A CN 113765559 A CN113765559 A CN 113765559A CN 202110927708 A CN202110927708 A CN 202110927708A CN 113765559 A CN113765559 A CN 113765559A
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correction
transmitting
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CN113765559B (en
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范占春
鲁帆
薛欣
杜海龙
石海然
张�杰
董世林
智国平
江涛
马超
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Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0682—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission using phase diversity (e.g. phase sweeping)
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a system for correcting a DBF phased array antenna, which utilize the radio frequency narrowband characteristic and the characteristic that the frequency of each channel of the DBF phased array antenna can be adjusted, directly correct channel data obtained by sampling a receiving unit without precise phase detection and synchronization by adopting a multichannel multifrequency DDS signal generator as a DBF phased array correction signal source and setting the transmitting frequency and phase synchronization mode of the multichannel DDS signal generator, have simple and easy algorithm and smaller system error, are convenient for correcting the algorithm, do not need to additionally add hardware, have simple system and are easy to realize in engineering.

Description

Correction method and system for DBF phased-array antenna
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave antennas, and particularly relates to a method and a system for correcting a DBF phased array antenna.
Background
With the development of communication technology, DBF (Digital Beam Forming) phased array antennas are also gradually applied to the field of satellite-borne. However, under the influence of a space environment, amplitude consistency of each channel of the DBF phased-array antenna changes along with time, so that the problems of inaccurate pointing and reduced gain of the antenna occur, and the communication performance of a satellite system is further influenced, and therefore the DBF phased-array antenna needs to be calibrated.
In the prior art, there are many types of DBF antenna calibration methods, and the calibration methods can be classified into an external calibration method and an internal calibration method according to the difference of the generation positions of calibration signals. The internal calibration method is technically mature, but needs to be used in cooperation with a special monitoring matrix network, so that the design of a calibration system adopting the internal calibration method is complex, extra hardware is generally required to be added, meanwhile, the internal calibration method cannot eliminate channel errors caused by antenna cross coupling, and the calibration precision is relatively poor. The external correction method comprises the following steps: the REV method needs to measure the amplitude of each channel one by one, has long correction time and occupies a large amount of effective communication time; the UTE method and the orthogonal coding method need strict synchronization, the phase monitoring difficulty is large, the correction performance is affected by the synchronization precision, and the engineering implementation is difficult.
In summary, the existing DBF antenna calibration method mainly has the problems of complex hardware system, long calibration time, influence of synchronization precision on calibration precision, difficulty in engineering implementation and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a method and a system for calibrating a DBF phased-array antenna, which can calibrate a signal transmitted by the DBF phased-array antenna without increasing hardware.
The invention provides a correction method of a DBF phased array antenna, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, adopting a multichannel multi-frequency DDS signal generator as a correction signal source of the DBF phased array antenna; setting a correction frequency, setting the emission frequency of each channel of the DDS signal generator according to the correction frequency, synchronizing the emission initial phase of each channel and forming an emission signal of a radio frequency channel; the transmitting frequencies of all channels are mutually orthogonal;
step 2, carrying out data acquisition on the transmitting signal formed in the step 1 to form a receiving signal;
step 3, extracting the lowest frequency signal F of the receiving signal generated in the step 20；
Step 4, setting the down-conversion frequency of each frequency conversion channel in the multi-channel frequency conversion filter; inputting the receiving signals generated in the step 2 into each frequency conversion channel respectively for frequency conversion filtering to obtain baseband signals of each frequency conversion channel;
and 5, performing amplitude phase correction on the received signal by using the baseband signal obtained in the step 4 to obtain amplitude correction data and phase correction data of each frequency conversion channel, and completing correction on the DBF phased array antenna.
Further, the transmission signal formed in step 1 is expressed by the following formula:
Figure BDA0003205381690000021
wherein, an(fn) The DDS signal generator representing the n-th channel has a transmission frequency fnThe amplitude response of the radio frequency path is,
Figure BDA0003205381690000022
the DDS signal generator representing the n-th channel has a transmission frequency fnPhase response of the time radio frequency path, fcThe center frequency point of the working carrier of the radio frequency channel is represented, j represents an imaginary number, t represents time, and N represents the total number of channels.
Further, theCorrection frequency of f0The transmission frequency of the nth channel is fn＝f0+ (N-1) df, wherein df represents a frequency difference between channels, and (N-1) df < 0.01fc。
Further, the correction frequency is f0Setting the transmission frequency of the middle channel to f0The transmitting frequency of the channel at one side of the middle channel is increased by the step of df, the transmitting frequency of the channel at the other side is decreased by the step of df, wherein df represents the frequency difference between the channels, and (N-1) df is less than 0.01fc。
Further, the received signal obtained by the acquisition is stored in the step 2.
Further, the lowest frequency signal F of the received signal generated in the step 2 is extracted in the step 30The method comprises the following steps: and performing FFT analysis on the received signal generated in the step 2.
Further, the step 5 of performing amplitude phase correction on the received signal by using the baseband signal obtained in the step 4 is completed by using the following formula:
Figure BDA0003205381690000031
where A (n) represents amplitude correction data for the nth channel, γ (n) represents phase correction data for the nth channel, abs () represents a modulo function, angle () represents an angle function, Y1lRepresenting the baseband signal of the first channel.
Furthermore, each channel in the multi-channel frequency conversion filter adopts a low-pass FIR filter, the pass band is df/2, and the stop band is df.
The invention provides a correcting system of a DBF phased array antenna, which comprises a transmitting unit, a receiving correcting unit and a control unit, wherein the transmitting unit is used for transmitting a signal to the receiving correcting unit;
the transmitting unit comprises a DBF antenna array surface, a transmitting frequency conversion channel, a transmitting baseband circuit, a multi-channel multi-frequency DDS transmitting module, a clock synchronization module and a frequency interval control module; the receiving correction unit comprises a receiving unit antenna, a receiving frequency conversion channel, a receiving baseband circuit, a data acquisition and storage module, a high-speed FFT module, a multi-channel frequency conversion filtering module and a correction calculation module; the control unit is used for setting the initial state of the transmitting unit, controlling the starting and stopping of the transmitting unit and the receiving correction unit and simultaneously sending the received correction data returned by the receiving correction unit to the transmitting unit;
the multichannel multi-frequency DDS transmitting module is used for generating transmitting signals, the multichannel multi-frequency DDS transmitting module comprises a plurality of channels, each channel is composed of a DDS signal generator, the transmitting signals generated by the DDS signal generators are signals with orthogonal frequencies, and the transmitting signals are sequentially processed by the transmitting baseband circuit and the transmitting frequency conversion channel and then transmitted by the DBF antenna array;
the frequency interval control module is used for controlling the frequency stepping of the emission signals generated by all DDS signal generators in the multichannel multi-frequency DDS emission module;
the clock synchronization module is used for controlling the initial phase and the stepping clock of each DDS signal generator in the multichannel multi-frequency DDS emission module, so that each DDS signal generator adopts the same clock and has the same initial phase;
the data acquisition and storage module is used for acquiring and storing the DBF signal transmitted by the transmitting unit to form a receiving signal, wherein the sampling frequency is fsThe sampling number is L
Figure BDA0003205381690000041
The high-speed FFT module is used for carrying out FFT analysis on the received signals obtained by the data acquisition and storage module and extracting the lowest frequency F0And the lowest frequency F is set0Sending the data to the multi-channel variable frequency filtering module;
the multi-channel frequency conversion filtering module is used for inputting the lowest frequency F according to the high-speed FFT module0Setting the down-conversion frequency of each frequency conversion channel; then the received signals are respectively sent to each frequency conversion channel for filteringObtaining baseband signals of each frequency conversion channel, and sending the baseband signals of each frequency conversion channel to the correction calculation module;
and the correction calculation module is used for carrying out amplitude phase correction on the received signal according to the baseband signal sent by the multi-channel variable frequency filtering module to obtain a corrected multi-channel signal, and sending the multi-channel signal to the control unit.
Has the advantages that:
1. the invention utilizes the radio frequency narrowband characteristic and the adjustable frequency characteristic of each channel of the DBF phased array antenna, directly corrects the channel data obtained by sampling the receiving unit by adopting the multichannel multifrequency DDS signal generator as a DBF phased array correction signal source and setting the transmitting frequency and phase synchronization mode of the multichannel DDS signal generator without carrying out accurate phase detection and synchronization, has simple and easy algorithm and smaller system error, is convenient for realizing the correction algorithm, does not need to additionally add hardware, has simple system and is easy for engineering realization.
2. The invention realizes the storage of the received signal by utilizing the storage function, realizes that the subsequent correction can be completed only by carrying out one-time data sampling in the processing process, compared with the traditional method, only one-time data sampling is needed, the calculation is completed by software subsequently, and the matching of an antenna array surface is not needed, thereby greatly reducing the occupation of the correction on the communication time, saving 90 percent of time by a relative rotation REV method, and being capable of implementing the correction in the high-speed motion processes of satellite loading, missile loading and the like.
3. The invention further reduces the error of level sampling and improves the correction precision by the mode of averaging the received signal by multiple times of sampling.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a calibration method for a DBF phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a system block diagram of a calibration system of a DBF phased-array antenna provided in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of a transmitting unit in a calibration system of a DBF phased-array antenna provided by the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a structural diagram of a DBF transmission algorithm module in a transmission unit of a calibration system of a DBF phased-array antenna provided by the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a structural diagram of a receiving unit in a calibration system of a DBF phased-array antenna provided in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a structural diagram of a receiving correction algorithm module of a receiving unit of a correction system of a DBF phased-array antenna provided in the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a practical diagram of the calibration effect of the calibration method for the DBF phased-array antenna according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a method for correcting a DBF phased array antenna, the flow of the method is shown in figure 1, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, a multichannel multi-frequency DDS signal generator is used as a correction signal source of the DBF phased-array antenna, the emission frequency of each channel in the multichannel multi-frequency DDS signal generator is set according to the correction frequency, the emission initial phase of each channel is synchronized, and the emission signal of a radio frequency channel is formed. The signals generated by the DDS signal generators of all channels are radio frequency signals with orthogonal frequencies.
The DDS signal generator adopts Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) technology to improve the frequency stability and accuracy of the signal generator to the same level as the reference frequency, and can perform fine frequency adjustment in a wide frequency range. Therefore, the transmission signal of the DBF phased array antenna of the present invention can be expressed by the following formula:
Figure BDA0003205381690000061
wherein, an(fn) The DDS signal generator representing the n-th channel has a transmission frequency fnThe amplitude response of the radio frequency path is,
Figure BDA0003205381690000062
the DDS signal generator representing the n-th channel has a transmission frequency fnPhase response of the time radio frequency path, fcThe center frequency point of the working carrier of the radio frequency channel is represented, j represents an imaginary number, t represents time, and N represents the total number of channels.
Set the correction frequency f0The frequency of DDS signal generator of each channel is required to satisfy (N-1) df < 0.01fcAnd df represents the frequency difference between channels or the step of frequency change, and the value of df can be controlled by an upper computer. For example, when f is given0As a correction frequency, one way is to set the first channel transmission frequency to f0Then the transmission frequency of the nth channel is fn＝f0+ (n-1) df, df may be 10 kHz; alternatively, the transmit frequency of the intermediate channel is set to f0The transmitting frequency of one side channel of the middle channel is set to be increased by df as a step, and the transmitting frequency of the other side channel is set to be decreased by df as a step. Therefore, it can be seen that when the radio frequency path of the DBF phased array antenna is a narrow-band system, it can be considered that the transmission frequency of the nth path is fnAmplitude response a of the time pathn(fn) Phase response
Figure BDA0003205381690000071
When the transmission frequency of the path n is f0Amplitude response of time an(f0) Phase response
Figure BDA0003205381690000079
Approximation of each other, i.e. an(fn)≈an(f0)，
Figure BDA0003205381690000072
I.e. the amplitude response and phase response of each channel are similar to the first channel. Therefore, the multicarrier signal transmitted by the radio frequency path of the DBF phased array antenna can be approximately expressed as the following formula:
Figure BDA0003205381690000073
wherein f isnRepresenting the transmit frequency of the nth radio frequency path.
And 2, receiving the transmitting signal formed in the step 1 by a receiving unit of the DBF phased array antenna, acquiring and processing data, and storing the acquired signal as a receiving signal.
The acquisition process can be realized by adopting the following formula:
Figure BDA0003205381690000074
wherein f isΔFor frequency deviation introduced by relative movement of the radio frequency path and frequency difference of the radio frequency path and the receiving unit, ar(fn) Representing a frequency fn+fc+fΔThe amplitude response of the receiving unit is measured,
Figure BDA0003205381690000075
representing a frequency fn+fc+fΔThe phase response of the receiving unit.
Since the transmission signal of the DBF phased array antenna is a narrow-band system, it can be considered that ar(fn)≈ar(f0)，
Figure BDA0003205381690000076
ar(f0) Representing a frequency f0The amplitude response of the receiving unit is measured,
Figure BDA0003205381690000077
representing a frequency f0The phase response of the receiving unit. The received signal can thus be approximated as:
Figure BDA0003205381690000078
the length of the data stored in the receiving unit is such that L pieces of sampling data can be storedRequirement, L represents the total number of samples, satisfy
Figure BDA0003205381690000081
Wherein f issRepresenting the sampling frequency.
Because the invention adopts the storage function, only one time of data sampling is needed in the processing process, and the communication time occupied by the correction process is effectively saved.
Step 3, FFT analysis is carried out on the received signals generated in the step 2, and the lowest frequency signal F is extracted0，F0Including the relative motion of the rf path and the frequency offset introduced by the frequency difference between the rf path and the receiving unit.
And 4, setting the down-conversion frequencies of N frequency conversion channels in the multi-channel frequency conversion filter, and inputting the received signals stored in the step 2 into each frequency conversion channel of the multi-channel frequency conversion filter respectively for frequency conversion filtering to obtain the baseband signals of each channel.
The mode of setting the down-conversion frequency of N channels in the multi-channel frequency conversion filter is as follows: the lowest frequency signal F obtained in the step 3 is processed0And the down-conversion frequency of the first frequency conversion channel in the multi-channel frequency conversion filter is used as the down-conversion frequency, and then df is used as the step to set the down-conversion frequencies of other frequency conversion channels in the multi-channel frequency conversion filter. I.e. the down-conversion frequency of the first frequency conversion channel is F0The down-conversion frequency of the second frequency conversion channel is F0+ df, and so on to complete the setting of the down-conversion frequencies of all the frequency conversion channels.
And (4) copying N parts of the data stored in the step (2), and respectively sending the copied data to different frequency conversion channels for filtering. Since each channel adopts the same filter, the amplitude phase response introduced by the filter can also be regarded as a constant, and the amplitude phase response and the phase response of the receiving unit are combined and recorded as k, so that the baseband signal of the nth channel can be expressed as the following formula:
Figure BDA0003205381690000082
where l is the number of samples, fsFor the sampling frequency,. DELTA.f0F extracted for FFT0Deviation from the correction frequency.
Further, the same low-pass FIR filter can be used for each channel with passband df/2 and stopband df.
And 5, performing amplitude phase correction on the received signals by adopting the baseband signals of the channels obtained in the step 4 to obtain amplitude correction data and phase correction data of each channel, and finishing correction on the DBF phased array antenna. The algorithm is as follows:
Figure BDA0003205381690000091
where A (n) represents amplitude correction data for the nth channel, γ (n) represents phase correction data for the nth channel, abs () represents a modulo function, angle () represents an angle function, Y1lRepresenting the baseband signal of the first channel.
The invention provides a DBF phased array antenna correction system, the system structure is shown as figure 2, comprising: the device comprises a transmitting unit, a receiving correction unit and a control unit. The structure of the transmitting unit is shown in fig. 3, and the transmitting unit includes a DBF antenna array, a transmitting frequency conversion channel, a transmitting baseband circuit, a multi-channel multi-frequency DDS transmitting module, a clock synchronization module, and a frequency interval control module, the multi-channel multi-frequency DDS transmitting module, the clock synchronization module, and the frequency interval control module are collectively referred to as a DBF transmitting algorithm module, and the structure of the DBF transmitting algorithm module is shown in fig. 4; the receiving and correcting unit is structurally shown in fig. 5 and comprises a receiving unit antenna, a receiving frequency conversion channel, a receiving baseband circuit, a data acquisition and storage module, a high-speed FFT module, a multi-channel frequency conversion filtering module and a correcting and calculating module, wherein the data acquisition and storage module, the high-speed FFT module, the multi-channel frequency conversion filtering module and the correcting and calculating module are collectively called as a receiving and correcting algorithm module, and the structure of the receiving and correcting algorithm module is shown in fig. 6; and the control unit is used for setting initial states such as the correction frequency in the transmitting unit, controlling the starting and stopping of the transmitting unit and the receiving correction unit and simultaneously sending the received correction data returned by the receiving correction unit to the transmitting unit.
The DBF array surface, the transmitting frequency conversion channel, the transmitting baseband circuit, the receiving unit antenna, the receiving frequency conversion channel and the receiving baseband circuit are all realized by adopting the existing modules in the existing DBF phased array antenna.
The multi-channel multi-frequency DDS transmitting module is used for generating transmitting signals and comprises a plurality of channels, each channel is composed of a DDS signal generator, each DDS signal generator generates radio-frequency signals with orthogonal transmitting frequencies to serve as transmitting signals, and the transmitting signals are sequentially processed by a transmitting baseband circuit and a transmitting frequency conversion channel and then transmitted out by a DBF antenna array face.
And the frequency interval control module is used for controlling the frequency stepping of the transmitting signals generated by all DDS signal generators in the multichannel multi-frequency DDS transmitting module. Specifically, the frequency interval control module controls the working frequency of a transmitting signal generated between each DDS signal generator in the multichannel multi-frequency DDS transmitting module to have a small frequency step df, and the df can be controlled by an upper computer. For example, when the first channel has a transmission frequency f0Then the nth channel transmitting frequency is fn＝f0The df can be 10kHz, N is the number of correction channels, and the df (N-1) should be less than 0.01fcWherein f iscThe method is used for transmitting the working carrier central frequency point of the DBF phased array antenna transmitting unit.
And the clock synchronization module is used for controlling the initial phase and the stepping clock of each DDS signal generator in the multichannel multi-frequency DDS emission module, so that each DDS signal generator adopts the same clock and has the same initial phase.
A data acquisition and storage module for acquiring and storing the DBF signal transmitted by the transmitting unit to form a received signal, wherein the sampling frequency is fsThen the number of samples L satisfies
Figure BDA0003205381690000101
A high-speed FFT module for performing FFT analysis on the received signal obtained by the data acquisition and storage module to obtain the frequency spectrum of the received signal and extracting the lowest frequency F0And the lowest frequency F0And sending the signal to a multi-channel variable frequency filtering module.
A multi-channel frequency conversion filter module for receiving the lowest frequency F input from the high-speed FFT module0Setting the down-conversion frequency of each channel, in particular setting the down-conversion frequency of the first frequency conversion channel to the lowest frequency F0The down-conversion frequency of the second frequency conversion channel is set to be F0And + df, completing the setting of the down-conversion frequency of all the frequency conversion channels by analogy, filtering the received signals generated by the data acquisition and storage module by each channel respectively to obtain the baseband signals of each channel, and sending the baseband signals of each channel to the correction and calculation module.
And the correction calculation module is used for carrying out amplitude phase correction on the received signals according to the baseband signals of all the channels sent by the multi-channel variable frequency filtering module to obtain corrected multi-channel signals, and sending the multi-channel signals to the control unit.
The control unit can be realized by adopting an upper computer, the upper computer is respectively connected with the transmitting unit and the receiving and correcting unit through a bidirectional 422 interface, after a correcting process is started, the upper computer firstly sends a state setting instruction to the transmitting unit through the 422 interface, and after a state setting finishing instruction returned by the transmitting unit is obtained, the upper computer sends the starting and correcting instruction to the receiving and correcting unit, receives the correcting data returned by the correcting unit and sends the correcting data to the transmitting unit.
In order to verify the effectiveness of the scheme provided by the invention, the method is applied to the correction of a certain phased array antenna, before the correction is adopted, the gain of an antenna directional diagram is lower than that of an ideal directional diagram, and the direction of the antenna does not point to the expected direction; the antenna directional pattern gain after the correction of the invention is good in consistency with an ideal antenna directional pattern, the expected effect is achieved, and the antenna directional patterns before and after the correction are shown in figure 7.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A method for calibrating a DBF phased array antenna, comprising the steps of:
step 1, adopting a multichannel multi-frequency DDS signal generator as a correction signal source of the DBF phased array antenna; setting a correction frequency, setting the emission frequency of each channel of the DDS signal generator according to the correction frequency, synchronizing the emission initial phase of each channel and forming an emission signal of a radio frequency channel; the transmitting frequencies of all channels are mutually orthogonal;
step 2, carrying out data acquisition on the transmitting signal formed in the step 1 to form a receiving signal;
step 3, extracting the lowest frequency signal F of the receiving signal generated in the step 20；
Step 4, setting the down-conversion frequency of each frequency conversion channel in the multi-channel frequency conversion filter; inputting the receiving signals generated in the step 2 into each frequency conversion channel respectively for frequency conversion filtering to obtain baseband signals of each frequency conversion channel;
and 5, performing amplitude phase correction on the received signal by using the baseband signal obtained in the step 4 to obtain amplitude correction data and phase correction data of each frequency conversion channel, and completing correction on the DBF phased array antenna.
2. The calibration method according to claim 1, wherein said transmission signal formed in step 1 is expressed by the following formula:
Figure FDA0003205381680000011
wherein, an(fn) The DDS signal generator representing the n-th channel has a transmission frequency fnThe amplitude response of the radio frequency path is,
Figure FDA0003205381680000012
the DDS signal generator representing the n-th channel has a transmission frequency fnPhase of time-frequency pathBit response, fcThe center frequency point of the working carrier of the radio frequency channel is represented, j represents an imaginary number, t represents time, and N represents the total number of channels.
3. Correction method according to claim 2, characterized in that said correction frequency is f0The transmission frequency of the nth channel is fn＝f0+ (N-1) df, wherein df represents a frequency difference between channels, and (N-1) df < 0.01fc。
4. Correction method according to claim 2, characterized in that said correction frequency is f0Setting the transmission frequency of the middle channel to f0The transmitting frequency of the channel at one side of the middle channel is increased by the step of df, the transmitting frequency of the channel at the other side is decreased by the step of df, wherein df represents the frequency difference between the channels, and (N-1) df is less than 0.01fc。
5. The calibration method according to claim 1, wherein the received signals acquired in step 2 are stored.
6. Correction method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 3 the lowest frequency signal F of the received signals generated in step 2 is extracted0The method comprises the following steps: and performing FFT analysis on the received signal generated in the step 2.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step 5 of performing amplitude phase correction on the received signal by using the baseband signal obtained in the step 4 is performed by using the following formula:
Figure FDA0003205381680000021
where A (n) represents amplitude correction data for the nth channel, and γ (n) represents amplitude correction data for the nth channelPhase correction data, abs () representing a modulo function, angle () representing an angle function, Y1lRepresenting the baseband signal of the first channel.
8. The correction method according to claim 3, wherein each channel of the multi-channel frequency conversion filter adopts a low-pass FIR filter, the pass band is df/2, and the stop band is df.
9. A correction system of a DBF phased array antenna is characterized by comprising a transmitting unit, a receiving correction unit and a control unit;
the transmitting unit comprises a DBF antenna array surface, a transmitting frequency conversion channel, a transmitting baseband circuit, a multi-channel multi-frequency DDS transmitting module, a clock synchronization module and a frequency interval control module; the receiving correction unit comprises a receiving unit antenna, a receiving frequency conversion channel, a receiving baseband circuit, a data acquisition and storage module, a high-speed FFT module, a multi-channel frequency conversion filtering module and a correction calculation module; the control unit is used for setting the initial state of the transmitting unit, controlling the starting and stopping of the transmitting unit and the receiving correction unit and simultaneously sending the received correction data returned by the receiving correction unit to the transmitting unit;
the multichannel multi-frequency DDS transmitting module is used for generating transmitting signals, the multichannel multi-frequency DDS transmitting module comprises a plurality of channels, each channel is composed of a DDS signal generator, the transmitting signals generated by the DDS signal generators are signals with orthogonal frequencies, and the transmitting signals are sequentially processed by the transmitting baseband circuit and the transmitting frequency conversion channel and then transmitted by the DBF antenna array;
the frequency interval control module is used for controlling the frequency stepping of the emission signals generated by all DDS signal generators in the multichannel multi-frequency DDS emission module;
the clock synchronization module is used for controlling the initial phase and the stepping clock of each DDS signal generator in the multichannel multi-frequency DDS emission module, so that each DDS signal generator adopts the same clock and has the same initial phase;
the data acquisition and storage module is used for acquiring and storing the DBF signal transmitted by the transmitting unit to form a receiving signal, wherein the sampling frequency is fsThe sampling number is L
Figure FDA0003205381680000031
The high-speed FFT module is used for carrying out FFT analysis on the received signals obtained by the data acquisition and storage module and extracting the lowest frequency F0And the lowest frequency F is set0Sending the data to the multi-channel variable frequency filtering module;
the multi-channel frequency conversion filtering module is used for inputting the lowest frequency F according to the high-speed FFT module0Setting the down-conversion frequency of each frequency conversion channel; respectively sending the received signals to each frequency conversion channel for filtering to obtain baseband signals of each frequency conversion channel, and sending the baseband signals of each frequency conversion channel to the correction calculation module;
and the correction calculation module is used for carrying out amplitude phase correction on the received signal according to the baseband signal sent by the multi-channel variable frequency filtering module to obtain a corrected multi-channel signal, and sending the multi-channel signal to the control unit.
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