CN113764964A - Design of 1-micron waveband all-fiber femtosecond vortex laser - Google Patents

Design of 1-micron waveband all-fiber femtosecond vortex laser Download PDF

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CN113764964A
CN113764964A CN202111055948.3A CN202111055948A CN113764964A CN 113764964 A CN113764964 A CN 113764964A CN 202111055948 A CN202111055948 A CN 202111055948A CN 113764964 A CN113764964 A CN 113764964A
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fiber
optical fiber
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张海涛
陈俊宇
周明
赵乾
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Tsinghua University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/06791—Fibre ring lasers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
    • H01S3/08004—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof incorporating a dispersive element, e.g. a prism for wavelength selection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/10053—Phase control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/106—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/11—Mode locking; Q-switching; Other giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping

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Abstract

The invention discloses an all-fiber femtosecond vortex laser with a wave band of 1 micron, which is characterized in that a semiconductor laser with the wavelength of 980nm is utilized to pump ytterbium-doped optical fiber through a Wavelength Division Multiplexer (WDM) to obtain laser with the central wavelength of 1030nm, mode locking in a cavity is realized in a mode of nonlinear polarization rotation mode locking in the optical fiber, pulse laser is output, then negative dispersion at the position of 1 micron in the optical fiber cavity can be provided through a microfiber with the diameter of only 1 micron, so that dispersion management soliton in the cavity is realized, and femtosecond-level pulse output is realized. The output fundamental mode realizes the conversion from the fundamental mode (LP01) to the first-order mode (LP11) in the cavity through a mode conversion coupler (MSC), and the output of the all-fiber femtosecond vortex laser is realized through a phase control technology. The invention solves the technical problem of 1 micron wave band all-fiber femtosecond vortex laser.

Description

Design of 1-micron waveband all-fiber femtosecond vortex laser
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fiber lasers, in particular to a 1-micron-waveband all-fiber femtosecond vortex laser.
Background
The 1-micron mode-locked Yb doped fiber laser has the advantages of high optical efficiency, small quantum loss and the like, and can realize high-power energy output. The mode-locked fiber laser working in the soliton state is superior to other lasers in laser noise characteristics, mechanical stability and easiness in maintenance. However, the conventional optical fiber always exhibits normal group velocity dispersion of about 1 μm, resulting in inconvenience in necessary dispersion management, difficulty in directly obtaining femtosecond ultrashort pulses, and often needs to introduce a dispersion compensation element (e.g., a prism, a grating pair) of a spatial structure to compensate dispersion of laser light in order to obtain laser light of a short pulse. This in turn destroys the simple structure of the fibre laser. Research shows that the micro-fiber with the diameter of about 1 μm can provide negative dispersion near a 1 μm waveband, compensate positive dispersion in the fiber, realize dispersion management in the fiber structure and output femtosecond laser.
The femtosecond vortex laser with an all-fiber structure is successfully built, the central wavelength of the femtosecond vortex laser is about 1550nm, the output of the vortex mode in the optical fiber is realized by utilizing an optical fiber internal mode conversion technology and a phase control technology, but the 1550nm laser has low luminous efficiency and large quantum loss, and is easy to limit on subsequent high-power laser amplification. This disadvantage can be overcome by using a laser with a ytterbium-doped fiber having a center wavelength around 1 μm. The mode-locked output of the 1-micron laser in the all-fiber structure is generally chirp pulse, and femtosecond pulse is difficult to generate directly because the second-order dispersion provided by various traditional fiber devices at a position of 1 mu m is a positive value, the femtosecond-order output in a cavity cannot be realized, a space structure is generally introduced to introduce a dispersion compensation element to compensate the second-order dispersion, but the introduction of the space structure is not beneficial to generating vortex laser by phase control of a mode later.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an all-fiber femtosecond vortex laser with a wave band of 1 micron, which is used for filling the problem of the vacancy of the all-fiber femtosecond vortex laser with the wave band of 1 micron.
According to an aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, in the fiber laser, the specific direction of the laser light is as follows:
(1) the Wavelength Division Multiplexer (WDM)2 is connected with the pumping light emitted by the tail fiber of the pumping source (LD)1, and outputs laser and pumping light from the other end, and the laser and the pumping light pass through the ytterbium-doped gain fiber (YDF) 3;
(2) the ytterbium-doped gain fiber absorbs the pump light to form particle number inversion of Yb ions, the laser causes stimulated radiation of the Yb ions when passing through YDF, the light amplification of the laser is realized, and the amplified laser is transmitted to the isolator 5;
(3) an Isolator (ISO)5 can maintain unidirectional transmission of laser light in the ring cavity and can filter out pump light remaining after passing through the ytterbium-doped fiber 3;
(4) the two Polarization Controllers (PC)4 and 6 can change the polarization state of the laser in the optical fiber, and realize the mode locking of the laser in the optical fiber by utilizing the principle of polarization rotation mode locking, thereby realizing stable pulse output;
(5) the laser from the polarization controller 6 passes through a negative dispersion micro-nano optical fiber (TF)7, the negative dispersion micro-nano optical fiber can provide a large negative dispersion value near 1 mu m by utilizing the characteristic of large waveguide dispersion of the negative dispersion micro-nano optical fiber, so that dispersion compensation of pulses is realized, the pulse width is compressed from ps magnitude to fs magnitude, and finally the laser passes through a mode coupler (MSC) 8;
(6) the mode conversion coupler 8 can realize conversion of an intracavity mode, convert a fundamental mode (LP01) into a high-order mode (LP11), and realize the output ratio of optical fibers at two ends by controlling the length of a coupling region, the coupling ratio of the laser is 90:10, namely the output energy ratio of the high-order mode is 10%, and the output high-order mode is transmitted through a few-mode optical fiber and reaches a Polarization Controller (PC) 9;
(7) the polarization controller 9 can change the refractive index of the optical fiber in two directions, thereby generating stress birefringence, realizing different speeds of the fast and slow axes of the optical fiber during transmission, realizing phase control in two directions, and converting an LP11 mode into a vortex optical mode (OAM ═ 1).
In the embodiment of the invention, a semiconductor laser with the wavelength of 980nm is utilized to pump ytterbium-doped optical fiber through a Wavelength Division Multiplexer (WDM) to obtain laser with the central wavelength of 1030nm, mode locking in a cavity is realized in a mode of nonlinear polarization rotation mode locking in the optical fiber, pulse laser is output, and then negative dispersion at 1 micron in the optical fiber cavity can be provided through a micro optical fiber with the diameter of only 1 micron, so that dispersion management solitons in the cavity are realized, and femtosecond-level pulse output is realized. The output fundamental mode realizes the conversion from the fundamental mode (LP01) to the first-order mode (LP11) in the cavity through a mode conversion coupler (MSC), and the output of the all-fiber femtosecond vortex laser is realized through a phase control technology.
The 1 micron optical fiber femtosecond vortex laser has the advantages that:
1. the whole laser adopts an all-fiber structure, and has the advantages of simple structure, simple and convenient adjustment, high integration level, small volume and the like.
2. The low insertion loss (<0.5dB) negative dispersion micro-nano optical fiber is adopted to compensate the optical fiber internal dispersion, so that a dispersion management soliton is formed, and the full-optical fiber femtosecond-level pulse laser output of a 1-micron waveband is realized.
3. By utilizing the mode conversion coupler and the fiber intracavity phase control technology, the conversion of the laser mode in the fiber and the phase difference control of two orthogonal components are realized, and the generation of the fiber internal vortex femtosecond laser is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly describes the embodiments or drawings used in the prior art. The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an experimental setup for a 1 micron all-fiber femtosecond vortex laser according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of nonlinear polarization rotation mode locking principle in pulsed laser passive mode locking;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of dispersion compensation of tapered micro-fibers at different wavelengths and different sizes;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of mode conversion coupler fundamental mode and first order mode conversion;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the phase control principle in the optical fiber;
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method embodiment of a 1 micron all-fiber femtosecond vortex laser is provided.
Fig. 1 is a diagram of an experimental setup of a 1-micron all-fiber femtosecond vortex laser according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the design setup includes the following steps:
the first step is as follows: the tail fiber of the LD pump is connected with the optical fiber loop through a Wavelength Division Multiplexer (WDM), and then is connected with a single-mode ytterbium-doped optical fiber (YDF). (ii) a
The second step is that: after connection to the polarization controller there is a connection to a faraday isolator, the other end of which is connected to another polarization controller.
The principle of polarization rotation mode locking is further explained here:
as shown in fig. 2, after passing through the polarizer P1, the laser pulse is changed into linearly polarized light, and due to the different angles of the first quarter-wave plate P2 and the polarizer, the linearly polarized light is changed into elliptically polarized light; when elliptically polarized light passes through a nonlinear medium (optical fiber), the generated self-phase modulation (SPM) effect can introduce nonlinear phase shift on two orthogonal polarization components of a pulse light field, so that the polarization state of laser pulses can be changed, and because the nonlinear phase shift is related to the intensity of the light field, different intensities at different positions on a pulse time domain can be different, so that the polarization is different in the time domain; when passing through a half wave plate P3, the pulse is decomposed into orthogonal polarization components in two directions of a fast axis and a slow axis, and a phase difference of pi is introduced between the two components, so that the polarization state of the adjustment pulse is further changed. The pulse then passes through an analyzer P4, and due to the different polarization states at different positions in the pulse time domain, the pulse has different transmittances, so that the leading edge and the trailing edge of the pulse have smaller transmittances, and an equivalent protective absorber is formed, thereby providing a pulse mode locking mechanism for the fiber oscillation cavity.
The third step: and connecting the polarization controller with the negative dispersion micro-nano optical fiber.
The dispersion compensation of the negative dispersion micro-nano optical fiber is further explained here:
the negative dispersion micro-nano optical fiber is subjected to tapering treatment by an optical fiber melting tapering machine, so that negative dispersion micro-nano optical fibers with different diameters can be obtained. The negative dispersion micro-nano optical fibers with different diameters can provide a negative dispersion value near a 1 micron wave band, and as can be seen from fig. 3, the dispersion of the micro optical fibers at about 1 micron wavelength is negative, the micro optical fibers with the diameter of less than 2.5 microns can be used for 1 micron optical fiber lasers, wherein the negative dispersion amount of the 1.2 micron diameter is the largest, and the optical fiber lasers with the wavelength of 1 micron are most suitable.
The third step: and connecting the negative dispersion micro-nano optical fiber with a mode conversion coupler. The mode conversion coupler is obtained by melting and tapering a single-mode optical fiber and a few-mode optical fiber, and the splitting ratio of the two is 90: 10.
The mode conversion coupler is further described herein:
the mode conversion coupler is formed by coupling a single mode fiber and a few-mode fiber, and the coupling principle is as follows:
Figure BDA0003254651690000061
wherein A is1，A2Respectively, of slowly varying amplitude, beta, of the two modes1Is the propagation constant, β, of LP01 in single mode fiber2For the propagation constant of LP11 in few-mode fiber, according to the mode matching condition:
β1＝β2
C11，C22C12，C21are the self/mutual coupling coefficient, C, respectively11，C22The value is small and can be ignored, and C12≈C21C is approximately distributed. C is called the coupling coefficient and is related to the material of the fiber, the coupling region.
A1The expression (z) can be written as:
A1(z)＝A1exp(-ikz)
solving the above equation system can obtain:
Figure BDA0003254651690000062
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003254651690000063
fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a mode conversion coupler with a splitting ratio of 90:10, and it can be seen that in the coupling region, the two modes are respectively converted into each other in the two fibers, and finally the desired splitting ratio output is achieved at the output end.
The fourth step: and connecting the few-mode optical fiber with a polarization controller, and outputting vortex laser from the other end.
The fiber internal vortex phase control technique is further explained here:
the Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beam is a common vortex light whose cross-sectional electric field expression can be written as:
Figure BDA0003254651690000064
wherein l is the topological charge number, wsThe light spot size parameter is that the equiphase face of LG vortex light beam is helical structure on the transmission space, and the point that the phase equals is the ray that diverges from the center on the light beam cross section.
Phase distribution according to vortex field
Figure BDA0003254651690000071
It can be seen that when the vortex circles its center, the phase of the vortex field changes by 2 pi l, which is the phase factor that causes the beam propagation direction to form a helical wave front.
It can be seen that the amplitude of the LG gaussian beam is a ring distribution, whereas the LG beam generated in the laser cavity is a lobe distribution.
The swirling LG beam is generally in a higher order mode, which can be generated by superposition of fundamental modes according to orthogonality of vector modes. Therefore, coherent superposition can be performed by using low-order Hermitian Gaussian (HG) beams to obtain the LG beam with topological charge number.
In the optical fiber waveguide, since the weak guided approximation theory, each vector mode is represented by a linear polarization mode, the mode conversion in the optical fiber waveguide can be represented as (as shown in fig. 5):
Figure BDA0003254651690000072

Claims (5)

1. an all-fiber femtosecond vortex laser with a wave band of 1 micron, the system comprises:
the negative dispersion micro-nano optical fiber and the mode conversion coupler are used for compensating a positive dispersion item of a ps-level mode locking pulse and intracavity conversion of a fundamental mode in the optical fiber to a high-order transverse mode in a 1-micrometer optical fiber mode locking laser resonant cavity, and the ytterbium-doped optical fiber dissipates the positive dispersion item of the ps-level mode locking pulse to obtain femtosecond ultrashort vortex pulse output;
the nonlinear polarization rotation mode locking element comprises a pumping source, a wavelength division multiplexer, a polarization controller, an isolator, ytterbium-doped single mode fibers and the like, is used for generating dissipative soliton mode locking oscillation, and is connected with the negative dispersion micro-nano fibers and the mode conversion coupler to obtain all-fiber femtosecond vortex laser output with the wave band of 1 micron.
2. The 1-micron waveband all-fiber femtosecond vortex laser device according to claim 1, wherein: the polarization controllers (4,6) and the isolator (5) form a mode locking controller of the laser ring cavity.
3. The 1-micron waveband all-fiber femtosecond vortex laser device according to claim 1, wherein: the polarization controller (9) is used as a phase control device in the few-mode optical fiber and can realize phase control in two directions.
4. The 1-micron waveband all-fiber femtosecond vortex laser device according to claim 1, wherein: the negative dispersion micro-nano optical fiber is made by melting and tapering a single mode optical fiber, has a diameter of about 1 mu m, and can provide a negative dispersion value near a 1-micron waveband.
5. The 1-micron waveband all-fiber femtosecond vortex laser device according to claim 1, wherein: the mode conversion coupler consists of a single-mode fiber (6/125) and a few-mode fiber coupling (14/125), and the coupling principle is as follows:
Figure FDA0003254651680000011
wherein A is1,A2Respectively in two modesSlowly varying amplitude, beta1Is the propagation constant, β, of LP01 in single mode fiber2For the propagation constant of LP11 in few-mode fiber, according to the mode matching condition:
β1＝β2
C11,C22C12,C21are the self/mutual coupling coefficient, C, respectively11,C22The value is small and can be ignored, and C12≈C21C is approximately distributed; c is called the coupling coefficient, which is related to the material of the fiber, the coupling region;
A1the expression (z) can be written as:
A1(z)＝A1exp(-ikz)
solving the above equation system can obtain:
Figure FDA0003254651680000021
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003254651680000022
the mode conversion coupler can realize conversion of a fundamental mode and a high-order mode in the optical fiber.
CN202111055948.3A 2021-10-15 2021-10-15 Design of 1-micron waveband all-fiber femtosecond vortex laser Pending CN113764964A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114447754A (en) * 2022-01-28 2022-05-06 上海大学 Femtosecond visible vortex light laser based on optical fiber internal transverse mode modulation
CN116865079A (en) * 2023-09-04 2023-10-10 长春理工大学 Dual-mode superposition regulation laser

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114447754A (en) * 2022-01-28 2022-05-06 上海大学 Femtosecond visible vortex light laser based on optical fiber internal transverse mode modulation
CN114447754B (en) * 2022-01-28 2023-10-31 上海大学 Femtosecond visible vortex light laser based on optical fiber internal transverse mode modulation
CN116865079A (en) * 2023-09-04 2023-10-10 长春理工大学 Dual-mode superposition regulation laser
CN116865079B (en) * 2023-09-04 2023-11-03 长春理工大学 Dual-mode superposition regulation laser

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