CN113762732B - Intelligent evaluation method for environmental impact of building demolition waste - Google Patents
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- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010819 recyclable waste Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent evaluation method for environmental impact of building demolition waste, which comprises the following steps: step 1) building basic information collection; step 2) building demolition waste estimation; step 3) designing a waste disposal scheme; step 4) waste transportation; step 5) environmental impact evaluation; step 6) multi-scheme comparison. The beneficial effects are that: the invention integrates a Building Information Model (BIM), a Geographic Information System (GIS) and a life cycle evaluation (LCA) to develop an evaluation tool, can realize rapid automatic pre-evaluation on the environmental influence of building demolition waste in a design stage, can support multi-scheme comparison, optimization decision and green management of waste disposal, and is beneficial to promoting informatization development of the building industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of environmental impact evaluation of construction waste, and particularly relates to an intelligent evaluation method for environmental impact of construction demolition waste.
Background
At present, ecological civilization construction is highly emphasized, sustainable development is advocated, and therefore, the development of evaluation and management research of environmental impact of building wastes has important value significance. Lifecycle assessment (LCA) quantifies input, output, and potential environmental impact over the full lifecycle of a product or system, an internationally important environmental assessment and management method. The current construction waste environmental impact evaluation is mainly carried out after the construction waste is removed, and targeted improvement is difficult to carry out according to an evaluation result. Pre-evaluation of the environmental impact of waste during the design stage may provide support for material selection, waste disposal management, and the like. In addition, LCA evaluation flow is complex, involves numerous data types, and there is no tool for rapid evaluation of demolishd waste.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problems: the invention develops a waste environmental impact evaluation tool based on a building BIM model, and can quickly acquire the material and component information of the evaluated building in the design stage to evaluate the quality of various wastes; designing a transportation scheme by combining with a GIS online map and estimating a transportation distance; the integrated LCA method evaluates the environmental impact level of construction demolition waste. The whole evaluation flow is shown in fig. 1, and the functional framework of the tool is shown in fig. 2.
The technical scheme is as follows: an intelligent evaluation method for environmental impact of building demolition waste comprises the following steps:
Step 1) collecting basic information such as names, types, addresses, material member detail tables and the like of evaluated buildings, and calculating the usage amount of various materials;
Step 2) estimating the mass and volume of the construction demolition waste according to the details of the construction materials collected in the step 1 and by combining the density of the materials and the demolition volume change coefficient;
Step 3) designing disposal schemes according to the characteristics and properties of various wastes, dividing the wastes into two types of recoverable and non-recoverable wastes, wherein the disposal mode of the non-recoverable wastes is direct landfill, the recoverable wastes are recovered according to the recovery rate set by a user, the residual residues are landfilled, and the quality of new materials and the quality of landfilling obtained by recovery are estimated according to different disposal schemes;
step 4) determining the positions of recovery treatment plants and landfill sites of various wastes and the carrying capacity of transport trucks, the volume weight and the energy consumption intensity of unit driving distance, determining a transport route according to the treatment scheme set in the step 3 and combining an online map, and calculating the transport route of the wastes;
Step 5) summarizing the waste and energy consumption information in the previous step, respectively calculating the environmental impact of the four processes of waste transportation, waste recovery activity, waste landfill and waste recovery and new material saving by combining with an LCA evaluation program, and summarizing to obtain the total environmental impact value of the construction waste;
step 6) comparing the environmental impact results calculated in step (5) for different treatment protocols, and selecting the best treatment protocol.
Further, the implementation of step 1 includes the following steps:
Step 1-1), inputting basic information of project names, building types, structure types and addresses of evaluated buildings by a user;
Step 1-2) a user extracts and derives information detail tables of building materials and components from a building BIM model through view-detail table-material extraction, and introduces the evaluation tool for calculation and analysis;
Step 1-3) the tool automatically identifies through the keywords, classifies the building materials in the information table, and calculates the usage amount of various materials, wherein the unit is cubic meters.
Further, the implementation of step 2 includes the following steps:
step 2-1) multiplying the volume V m,i of the material type i by the volume expansion coefficient c i of the material type i to estimate the volume of the corresponding removed waste;
Vw,i＝Vm,i×ci
V m,i is the volume of material type i, cubic meters;
V w,i is the volume of waste type i, cubic meters;
c i is the volume expansion coefficient of waste type i;
Step 2-2) multiplying the volume V m,i of the material type i by the density rho m,i thereof to estimate the removed waste mass M w,i;
Mw,i＝Vm,i×ρm,i
M w,i is the mass of waste type i, ton;
V m,i is the volume of material type i, cubic meters;
ρ m,i is the density of material type i, ton/cubic meter;
the mass and volume information of various building wastes will be presented in the chart of the tool interface of step 2-3), and the proportion of various wastes is analyzed.
Further, the implementation of step 3 includes the following steps:
Step 3-1) dividing the waste into two types of recyclable waste and non-recyclable waste according to the characteristics and properties of various wastes, wherein the total mass M w of the waste is the sum of the recyclable mass M rw and the non-recyclable mass M uw;
Mw＝Mrw+Muw
M w is the total mass of demolished waste, ton;
M rw is the mass of recoverable waste, ton;
M uw is the mass of unrecoverable waste, ton;
The disposal scheme of the recoverable waste in the step 3-2) is to recover and landfill, the recovery rate r i of each type of waste is set, the quality RM rw,i of the new material obtained by recovery is estimated according to the recovery rate, the residual residue RRM rw,i is subjected to landfill treatment, when an evaluation tool is used, the recovery rate of each type of waste is input into a recovery rate column, no more than five recovery schemes are set, and the tool automatically calculates the recovery quantity and the recovery residual residue quality of different schemes;
RMrw,i＝Mrw,i×ri
RRMrw,i＝Mrw,i-RMrw,i
RM rw,i is the recovery mass of recoverable waste type i, ton;
M rw is the mass of recoverable waste, ton;
r i is the recovery of waste type i;
RRM rw,i is the mass of the residue remaining after recycling of recoverable waste type i, ton;
The disposal scheme of the non-recyclable waste in the step 3-3) is landfill, and the total landfill mass LM w is the sum of the mass M uw,i of the non-recyclable waste and the mass RRM rw,i of the residual residue after recycling the recyclable waste;
LM w is the landfill mass of the waste, ton;
RRM rw,i is the mass of the residue remaining after recycling of recoverable waste type i, ton;
M uw,i is the mass of non-recoverable waste type i, ton.
Further, the implementation of step 4 includes the following steps:
Step 4-1) the user inputs addresses of waste recycling plants and landfills, and the tool plans a transportation route and estimates a distance according to the built-in on-line map, including: three types of transportation routes from the building demolition site to the recycling plant, from the recycling plant to the landfill, and from the building demolition site to the landfill;
Step 4-2) the user sets the carrying capacity m and the capacity v of the transport truck and the diesel consumption q diesel of the unit mileage of the truck, and estimates the number N of trucks required by each journey based on the disposal scheme of various wastes and truck information;
v rw,i is the volume of recoverable waste type i, cubic meter;
RRV rw,i is the volume of residue left after recovery of recoverable waste type i, cubic meters;
V uw is the volume of unrecoverable waste, cubic meters;
n (DT i) is the number of trucks required from the demolition site to waste treatment plant i;
N (T i L) is the number of trucks needed from waste treatment plant i to the landfill;
n (DL) is the number of trucks needed from the demolition site to the landfill site;
m is the approved load capacity of the truck and ton;
v is truck capacity, cubic meters;
Step 4-3), multiplying the number N of trucks in each section of journey by the journey length D to obtain a transportation distance TD, and multiplying the transportation distance TD by the diesel consumption Q diesel of each unit mileage of the truck to estimate the diesel consumption Q diesel in the transportation process of the truck;
TDe＝TDl＝∑iN(DTi)×D(DTi)+∑iN(TiL)×D(TiL)+N(DL)×D(DL)
Qdiesel＝(TDe+TDl)×qdiesel
TD e is the total transport distance of the empty car, kilometers;
TD l is the total transport distance of the delivery truck, kilometers;
D (DT i) is the distance from the demolition site to the waste treatment plant i, kilometers;
D (T i L) is the distance from the waste treatment plant i to the landfill, kilometers;
D (DL) is the distance from the demolition site to the landfill site, kilometers;
Q diesel is the total consumption of diesel during transportation, kg;
q diesel is the diesel consumption per unit mileage of the truck, kg/km.
Further, the implementation of step 5 includes the following steps:
Step 5-1) summarizing the waste quality and energy consumption information in the previous step, comprising: the quality M rw of the waste transported to a recycling factory for recycling, the quality RM rw,i of new building materials generated after recycling, the quality LM w of the waste subjected to landfill disposal and the total consumption Q diesel of diesel oil in the waste transportation process form a consumption matrix BC in the process of demolishing the building to be evaluated, wherein BC is a row matrix of 1*k, k represents the types of consumed resources and energy, and elements in the waste are the consumption of a certain resource/energy;
Step 5-2) converting the waste quality and the energy consumption in the previous step into a raw material input and pollutant emission list based on a Chinese life cycle basic list database; IF (Inventory Flow) is a basic list data matrix, which is a k x j dimensional matrix, j represents the types of raw materials and environmental emissions consumed in the input-output list, and matrix elements are raw material input data/environmental emission data of related resources/energy sources;
Step 5-3) quantifying environmental effects of the input-output inventory using the characterization factors, including four types of ecological damage effects: global warming, acidification, eutrophication and atmospheric suspension, five types of resource depletion effects: primary energy consumption, water resource consumption, manganese ore resource consumption, bauxite resource consumption and iron ore resource consumption, CF (Characterization Factor) is a characterization factor matrix, is a j x m dimensional matrix, m represents an environmental impact type, and matrix elements are characterization factors of the type j of raw materials consumed in an input-output list and environmental emissions on the environmental impact type m;
Step 5-4) quantifying the importance of various environmental effects by using a weight factor constructed based on a monetization method, and representing various environmental impact values in U.S. dollars; WF (Weighting Factor) is a weight factor matrix, which is a diagonal matrix of order m, the elements on the main diagonal are weight factors of some influence type, and the rest are 0.
Step 5-5), calculating to obtain environmental impact values EI (Environmental Impact) of each scheme according to an LCA evaluation paradigm, wherein EI is an environmental impact index matrix which is a 1*m-dimensional row matrix, and matrix elements are evaluation values of a specific impact type, including various ecological damage impact values and resource exhaustion impact values of evaluated building wastes;
EI＝BC×IF×CFR×WF
EI is an environmental impact index matrix;
BC is the consumption matrix during demolition of the building being evaluated;
IF is a basic manifest data matrix;
CF is a characterization factor matrix;
WF is a weight factor matrix;
Step 5-6) respectively calculating the environmental impact of the four processes of waste transportation, waste landfill, waste recovery and new material saving in waste recovery, wherein the total environmental impact TEI of the construction waste is the environmental impact EI t in the waste transportation process, the environmental impact EI l in the waste landfill activity, and the environmental impact EI r generated in the recovery activity is added to subtract the environmental benefit EI s caused by new material saving in recovery.
TEI＝EIt+EIl+EIr-EIs
EI t is the environmental impact of diesel consumption by a haul truck;
EI l is the environmental impact of waste landfill activity;
EI r is the environmental impact of waste recovery activities;
EI s recycling activities save environmental benefits brought by new material production;
TEI is the total environmental impact of construction waste;
and 5-7) displaying the various ecological damage influence values, the resource exhaustion influence values and the total values of the evaluated construction wastes in the chart of the interface.
Further, the method in step 6 is as follows: step 6-1) according to the building basic data collected in step 1) and the multiple waste recovery schemes formed by the recovery rates of various wastes set by the user in step 3-2), the ecological damage influence value, the resource exhaustion influence value and the total value of each recovery scheme can be finally obtained through step 4) and step 5), and the disposal scheme corresponding to the minimum total value is obtained through comparison to be used as the disposal scheme with environmental protection.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) The environmental impact of demolishing the waste is pre-estimated in the building design stage, so that the material selection, waste disposal management and the like can be guided;
(2) BIM, GIS and LCA methods are integrated, so that data acquisition work in evaluation is simplified, and manpower and time are saved;
(3) An intelligent evaluation tool is developed, the environmental influence of the building waste can be rapidly and automatically evaluated and visually presented, and the informatization development of the building industry is promoted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a construction waste environmental impact evaluation flow;
The functional framework of the tool of fig. 2;
FIG. 3 is a basic information acquisition interface diagram;
FIG. 4 is a waste estimation interface diagram;
FIG. 5 is a waste disposal protocol interface diagram;
FIG. 6 is a waste transport plan;
FIG. 7 is an interface diagram of a waste transport scenario;
FIG. 8 is a waste impact assessment interface diagram;
FIG. 9 is a graph of a multi-protocol results comparison interface.
Detailed Description
The technical proposal is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings
The invention provides an intelligent evaluation method for environmental impact of building demolition waste, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1) collecting basic information such as names, types, addresses, material member detail tables and the like of evaluated buildings, and calculating the usage amount of various materials;
Step 2) estimating the mass and volume of the construction demolition waste according to the details of the construction materials collected in the step 1 and by combining the density of the materials and the demolition volume change coefficient;
Step 3) designing disposal schemes according to the characteristics and properties of various wastes, dividing the wastes into two types of recoverable and non-recoverable wastes, wherein the disposal mode of the non-recoverable wastes is direct landfill, the recoverable wastes are recovered according to the recovery rate set by a user, the residual residues are landfilled, and the quality of new materials and the quality of landfilling obtained by recovery are estimated according to different disposal schemes;
step 4) determining the positions of recovery treatment plants and landfill sites of various wastes and the carrying capacity of transport trucks, the volume weight and the energy consumption intensity of unit driving distance, determining a transport route according to the treatment scheme set in the step 3 and combining an online map, and calculating the transport route of the wastes;
Step 5) summarizing the waste and energy consumption information in the previous step, respectively calculating the environmental impact of the four processes of waste transportation, waste recovery activity, waste landfill and waste recovery and new material saving by combining with an LCA evaluation program, and summarizing to obtain the total environmental impact value of the construction waste;
step 6) comparing and selecting the environmental impact results calculated in step (5) for different treatment schemes.
Step 1) building basic information collection, wherein an interface is shown in figure 3. Specifically, the implementation of step 1 includes the following steps:
Step 1-1), inputting basic information of project names, building types, structure types and addresses of evaluated buildings by a user, and selectively uploading evaluated project pictures;
step 1-2) a user extracts and derives information detail tables of building materials and components from a building BIM model through view-detail table-material extraction, and introduces the evaluation tool for post calculation and analysis;
Step 1-3) the tool automatically identifies through the keywords, classifies the building materials in the information table, and calculates the usage amount of various materials, wherein the unit is cubic meters.
Step 2) estimating the mass and volume of the construction demolition waste according to the details of the construction materials collected in the step (1) and combining the density and demolition volume change coefficients of the materials, wherein the interface is shown in figure 4. Specifically, the implementation of step2 includes the following steps:
step 2-1) multiplying the volume V m,i of the material type i by the volume expansion coefficient c i of the material type i to estimate the volume of the corresponding removed waste;
Vw,i＝Vm,i×ci
V m,i is the volume of material type i, cubic meters;
V w,i is the volume of waste type i, cubic meters;
c i is the volume expansion coefficient of waste type i;
Step 2-2) multiplying the volume V m,i of the material type i by the density rho m,i thereof to estimate the removed waste mass M w,i;
Mw,i＝Vm,i×ρm,i
M w,i is the mass of waste type i, ton;
V m,i is the volume of material type i, cubic meters;
ρ m,i is the density of material type i, ton/cubic meter;
the mass and volume information of various building wastes will be presented in the chart of the tool interface of step 2-3), and the proportion of various wastes is analyzed.
Step 3) design of a treatment scheme, wherein an interface is shown in figure 5. Specifically, the implementation of step 3 includes the following steps:
Step 3-1) dividing the waste into two types of recyclable waste and non-recyclable waste according to the characteristics and properties of various wastes, wherein the total mass M w of the waste is the sum of the recyclable mass M rw and the non-recyclable mass M uw;
Mw＝Mrw+Muw
M w is the total mass of demolished waste, ton;
M rw is the mass of recoverable waste, ton;
M uw is the mass of unrecoverable waste, ton;
Step 3-2) the disposal scheme of recoverable waste is to recycle and landfill, the recovery rate r i of each type of waste is set, the quality RM rw,i of new materials obtained by recycling is estimated according to the recovery rate, the residual residue RRM rw,i is subjected to landfill treatment, when an evaluation tool is used, the recovery rate is input into a recovery rate column, so that a recovery scheme is formed, a user can set five schemes with different recovery rates according to actual conditions, and the tool automatically calculates the recovery quantity and the residual residue quality of different schemes;
RMrw,i＝Mrw,i×ri
RRMrw,i＝Mrw,i-RMrw,i
RM rw,i is the recovery mass of recoverable waste type i, ton;
M rw is the mass of recoverable waste, ton;
r i is the recovery of waste type i;
RRM rw,i is the mass of the residue remaining after recycling of recoverable waste type i, ton;
The disposal scheme of the non-recyclable waste in the step 3-3) is landfill, and the total landfill mass LM w is the sum of the mass M uw,i of the non-recyclable waste and the mass RRM rw,i of the residual residue after recycling the recyclable waste;
LM w is the landfill mass of the waste, ton;
RRM rw,i is the mass of the residue remaining after recycling of recoverable waste type i, ton;
M uw,i is the mass of non-recoverable waste type i, ton.
Step 4) waste transportation, and the interface is shown in figure 7. Specifically, the implementation of step 4 includes the following steps:
Step 4-1) the user inputs addresses of waste recycling plants and landfills, and the tool plans a transportation route and estimates a distance according to the built-in on-line map, including: three transportation routes from the building demolition site to the recycling factory, from the recycling factory to the landfill, and from the building demolition site to the landfill are shown in the transportation scheme in fig. 6;
Step 4-2) the user sets the carrying capacity m and the capacity v of the transport truck and the diesel consumption q diesel of the unit mileage of the truck, and estimates the number N of trucks required by each journey based on the disposal scheme of various wastes and truck information;
v rw,i is the volume of recoverable waste type i, cubic meter;
RRV rw,i is the volume of residue left after recovery of recoverable waste type i, cubic meters;
V uw is the volume of unrecoverable waste, cubic meters;
n (DT i) is the number of trucks required from the demolition site to waste treatment plant i;
N (T i L) is the number of trucks needed from waste treatment plant i to the landfill;
n (DL) is the number of trucks needed from the demolition site to the landfill site;
m is the approved load capacity of the truck and ton;
v is truck capacity, cubic meters;
Step 4-3), multiplying the number N of trucks in each section of journey by the journey length D to obtain a transportation distance TD, and multiplying the transportation distance TD by the diesel consumption Q diesel of each unit mileage of the truck to estimate the diesel consumption Q diesel in the transportation process of the truck;
TDe＝TDl＝∑iN(DTi)×D(DTi)+∑iN(TiL)×D(TiL)+N(DL)×D(DL)
Qdiesel＝(TDe+TDl)×qdiesel
TD e is the total transport distance of the empty car, kilometers;
TD l is the total transport distance of the delivery truck, kilometers;
D (DT i) is the distance from the demolition site to the waste treatment plant i, kilometers;
D (T i L) is the distance from the waste treatment plant i to the landfill, kilometers;
D (DL) is the distance from the demolition site to the landfill site, kilometers;
Q diesel is the total consumption of diesel during transportation, kg;
q diesel is the diesel consumption per unit mileage of the truck, kg/km.
Step 5) environmental assessment estimation, the interface is shown in figure 8. Specifically, the implementation of step 5 includes the following steps:
Step 5-1) summarizing the waste quality and energy consumption information in the previous step, comprising: the quality M rw of the waste transported to a recycling factory for recycling, the quality RM rw,i of new building materials generated after recycling, the quality LM w of the waste subjected to landfill disposal and the total consumption Q diesel of diesel oil in the waste transportation process form a consumption matrix BC in the process of demolishing the building to be evaluated, wherein BC is a row matrix of 1*k, k represents the types of consumed resources and energy, and elements in the waste are the consumption of a certain resource/energy;
Step 5-2) converting the waste quality and the energy consumption in the previous step into a raw material input and pollutant emission list based on a Chinese life cycle basic list database; IF (Inventory Flow) is a basic list data matrix, which is a k x j dimensional matrix, j represents the types of raw materials and environmental emissions consumed in the input-output list, and matrix elements are raw material input data/environmental emission data of related resources/energy sources;
Step 5-3) quantifying environmental effects of the input-output list using the characterization factors, including four types of ecological damage effects (global warming, acidification, eutrophication, and atmospheric suspended matter) and five types of resource exhaustion effects (primary energy consumption, water resource consumption, manganese ore resource consumption, bauxite resource consumption, and iron ore resource consumption), CF (Characterization Factor) being a characterization factor matrix, being a j x m dimensional matrix, m representing an environmental impact type, and matrix elements being characterization factors of the type j of raw materials and environmental emissions consumed in the input-output list on the environmental impact type m;
Step 5-4) quantifying the importance of various environmental effects by using a weight factor constructed based on a monetization method, and representing various environmental impact values in U.S. dollars; WF (Weighting Factor) is a weight factor matrix, which is a diagonal matrix of order m, the elements on the main diagonal are weight factors of some influence type, and the rest are 0.
Step 5-5), calculating to obtain environmental impact values EI (Environmental Impact) of each scheme according to an LCA evaluation paradigm, wherein EI is an environmental impact index matrix which is a 1*m-dimensional row matrix, and matrix elements are evaluation values of a specific impact type, including various ecological damage impact values, resource exhaustion impact values and total values of evaluated building wastes;
EI＝BC×IF×CF×WF
EI is an environmental impact index matrix;
BC is the consumption matrix during demolition of the building being evaluated;
IF is a basic manifest data matrix;
CF is a characterization factor matrix;
WF is a weight factor matrix;
Step 5-6) respectively calculating the environmental impact of the four processes of waste transportation, waste landfill, waste recovery and new material saving in waste recovery, wherein the total environmental impact TEI of the construction waste is the environmental impact EI t in the waste transportation process, the environmental impact EI l in the waste landfill activity, and the environmental impact EI r generated in the recovery activity is added to subtract the environmental benefit EI s caused by new material saving in recovery.
TEI＝EIt+EIl+EIr-EIs
EI t is the environmental impact of diesel consumption by a haul truck;
EI l is the environmental impact of waste landfill activity;
EI r is the environmental impact of waste recovery activities;
EI s recycling activities save environmental benefits brought by new material production;
TI is the total environmental impact value of the construction waste;
and 5-7) displaying the various ecological damage influence values, the resource exhaustion influence values and the total values of the evaluated construction wastes in the chart of the interface.
Step 6) multi-scheme comparison. Specifically, the implementation of step 6 includes the following steps:
Step 6-1) according to the building basic data collected in step 1) and the multiple waste recovery schemes formed by the recovery rates of various wastes set by the user in step 3-2), the ecological damage influence value, the resource exhaustion influence value and the total value of each recovery scheme can be finally obtained through step 4) and step 5).
By comparing the ecological damage influence value and the resource exhaustion influence value of each scheme, the influence of each scheme on the environment can be clarified: the lower the ecological damage value and the resource exhaustion value, the more environmentally friendly the representation. If the ecological damage value and the resource exhaustion value are negative numbers, the environmental benefit is indicated to counteract the environmental damage caused in the recovery process. Specific numerical values and interfaces are shown in fig. 9.
The design and management decision of the construction waste disposal scheme need to comprehensively consider the factors such as the recycling technology level, the cost budget, the manpower, the time and the like, and the evaluation method provides a scheme with lower environmental impact value from the aspect of environmental consideration, if the requirement on ecological protection is higher.
Claims (4)
1. The intelligent evaluation method for the environmental impact of the building demolition waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1) collecting the name, type, address and basic information of a material member detail table of the evaluated building, and calculating the usage amount of various materials;
Step 2) estimating the mass and volume of the construction demolition waste according to the details of the construction materials collected in the step 1 and by combining the density of the materials and the demolition volume change coefficient;
Step 3) designing disposal schemes according to the characteristics and properties of various wastes, dividing the wastes into two types of recoverable and non-recoverable wastes, wherein the disposal mode of the non-recoverable wastes is direct landfill, the recoverable wastes are recovered according to the recovery rate set by a user, the residual residues are landfilled, and the quality of new materials and the quality of landfilling obtained by recovery are estimated according to different disposal schemes;
Step 4) determining the positions of recovery treatment plants and landfill sites of various wastes, the carrying capacity, the volume weight and the energy consumption intensity of unit driving distance of a transport truck, determining a transport route according to the treatment scheme set in the step 3 and combining an online map, and calculating the total transport route of the wastes;
Step 5) summarizing the waste and energy consumption information in the previous step, respectively calculating the environmental impact of the four processes of waste transportation, waste recovery activity, waste landfill and waste recovery and new material saving by combining with an LCA evaluation program, and summarizing to obtain the total environmental impact value of the construction waste;
step 6) comparing the environmental impact results calculated in the step (5) of different treatment schemes, and selecting the best treatment scheme;
The implementation of the step 2 comprises the following steps:
step 2-1) multiplying the volume V m,i of the material type i by the volume expansion coefficient c i of the material type i to estimate the volume of the corresponding removed waste;
Vw,i＝Vm,i×ci
V m,i is the volume of material type i, cubic meters;
V w,i is the volume of waste type i, cubic meters;
c i is the volume expansion coefficient of waste type i;
Step 2-2) multiplying the volume V m,i of the material type i by the density rho m,i thereof to estimate the removed waste mass M w,i;
Mw,i＝Vm,i×ρm,i
M w,i is the mass of waste type i, ton;
V m,i is the volume of material type i, cubic meters;
ρ m,i is the density of material type i, ton/cubic meter;
the step 2-3) is to present the mass and volume information of various building wastes in the chart of the tool interface, and analyze the proportion of various wastes;
The implementation of the step 3 comprises the following steps:
Step 3-1) dividing the waste into two types of recyclable waste and non-recyclable waste according to the characteristics and properties of various wastes, wherein the total mass M w of the waste is the sum of the recyclable mass M rw and the non-recyclable mass M uw;
Mw＝Mrw+Muw
M w is the total mass of demolished waste, ton;
M rw is the mass of recoverable waste, ton;
M uw is the mass of unrecoverable waste, ton;
The disposal scheme of the recoverable waste in the step 3-2) is to recover and landfill, the recovery rate r i of each type of waste is set, the quality RM rw,i of the new material obtained by recovery is estimated according to the recovery rate, the residual residue RRM rw,i is subjected to landfill treatment, when an evaluation tool is used, the recovery rate of each type of waste is input into a recovery rate column, no more than five recovery schemes are set, and the tool automatically calculates the recovery quantity and the recovery residual residue quality of different schemes;
RMrw,i＝Mrw,i×ri
RRMrw,i＝Mrw,i-RMrw,i
RM rw,i is the recovery mass of recoverable waste type i, ton;
M rw is the mass of recoverable waste, ton;
r i is the recovery of waste type i;
RRM rw,i is the mass of the residue remaining after recycling of recoverable waste type i, ton;
The disposal scheme of the non-recyclable waste in the step 3-3) is landfill, and the total landfill mass LM w is the sum of the mass M uw,i of the non-recyclable waste and the mass RRM rw,i of the residual residue after recycling the recyclable waste;
LM w is the landfill mass of the waste, ton;
RRM rw,i is the mass of the residue remaining after recycling of recoverable waste type i, ton;
m uw,i is the mass of non-recoverable waste type i, ton;
The method of the step6 is as follows:
Step 6-1) according to the building basic data collected in the step 1) and a plurality of waste recovery schemes formed by the recovery rates of various wastes set by the user in the step 3-2), finally obtaining ecological damage influence values, resource exhaustion influence values and total values of all recovery schemes through the steps 4) and 5), and obtaining a disposal scheme corresponding to the smallest total value through comparison as a disposal scheme with environmental protection.
2. The intelligent evaluation method for environmental impact of building demolition waste according to claim 1, wherein the implementation of step 1 comprises the steps of:
Step 1-1), inputting basic information of project names, building types, structure types and addresses of evaluated buildings by a user;
Step 1-2) a user extracts and derives information detail tables of building materials and components from a building BIM model through view-detail table-material extraction, and imports an evaluation tool for calculation and analysis;
Step 1-3) the tool automatically identifies through the keywords, classifies the building materials in the information table, and calculates the usage amount of various materials, wherein the unit is cubic meters.
3. The intelligent evaluation method for environmental impact of building demolition waste according to claim 1, wherein the implementation of step 4 comprises the steps of:
Step 4-1) the user inputs addresses of waste recycling plants and landfills, and the tool plans a transportation route and estimates a distance according to the built-in on-line map, including: three types of transportation routes from the building demolition site to the recycling plant, from the recycling plant to the landfill, and from the building demolition site to the landfill;
Step 4-2) the user sets the carrying capacity m and the capacity v of the transport truck and the diesel consumption q diesel of the unit mileage of the truck, and estimates the number N of trucks required by each journey based on the disposal scheme of various wastes and truck information;
v rw,i is the volume of recoverable waste type i, cubic meter;
RRV rw,i is the volume of residue left after recovery of recoverable waste type i, cubic meters;
V uw is the volume of unrecoverable waste, cubic meters;
n (DT i) is the number of trucks required from the demolition site to waste treatment plant i;
N (T i L) is the number of trucks needed from waste treatment plant i to the landfill;
n (DL) is the number of trucks needed from the demolition site to the landfill site;
m is the approved load capacity of the truck and ton;
v is truck capacity, cubic meters;
Step 4-3), multiplying the number N of trucks in each section of journey by the journey length D to obtain a transportation distance TD, and multiplying the transportation distance TD by the diesel consumption Q diesel of each unit mileage of the truck to estimate the diesel consumption Q diesel in the transportation process of the truck;
TDe＝TDl＝∑iN(DTi)×D(DTi)+∑iN(TiL)×D(TiL)+N(DL)×D(DL)
Qdiesel＝(TDe+TDl)×qdiesel
TD e is the total transport distance of the empty car, kilometers;
TD l is the total transport distance of the delivery truck, kilometers;
D (DT i) is the distance from the demolition site to the waste treatment plant i, kilometers;
D (T i L) is the distance from the waste treatment plant i to the landfill, kilometers;
D (DL) is the distance from the demolition site to the landfill site, kilometers;
Q diesel is the total consumption of diesel during transportation, kg;
q diesel is the diesel consumption per unit mileage of the truck, kg/km.
4. The method for intelligently evaluating the environmental impact of building demolition waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the implementation of the step 5 comprises the following steps:
Step 5-1) summarizing the waste quality and energy consumption information in the previous step, comprising: the quality M rw of the waste transported to a recycling factory for recycling, the quality RM rw,i of new building materials generated after recycling, the quality LM w of the waste subjected to landfill disposal and the total consumption Q diesel of diesel oil in the waste transportation process form a consumption matrix BC in the process of demolishing the building to be evaluated, wherein BC is a row matrix of 1*k, k represents the types of consumed resources and energy, and elements in the waste are the consumption of a certain resource/energy;
Step 5-2) converting the waste quality and the energy consumption in the previous step into a raw material input and pollutant emission list based on a Chinese life cycle basic list database; IF (Inventory Flow) is a basic list data matrix, which is a k x j dimensional matrix, j represents the types of raw materials and environmental emissions consumed in the input-output list, and matrix elements are raw material input data/environmental emission data of related resources/energy sources;
Step 5-3) quantifying environmental effects of the input-output inventory using the characterization factors, including four types of ecological damage effects: global warming, acidification, eutrophication and atmospheric suspension, five types of resource depletion effects: primary energy consumption, water resource consumption, manganese ore resource consumption, bauxite resource consumption and iron ore resource consumption, CF (Characterization Factor) is a characterization factor matrix, is a j x m dimensional matrix, m represents an environmental impact type, and matrix elements are characterization factors of the type j of raw materials consumed in an input-output list and environmental emissions on the environmental impact type m;
Step 5-4) quantifying the importance of various environmental effects by using a weight factor constructed based on a monetization method, and representing various environmental impact values in U.S. dollars; WF (Weighting Factor) is a weight factor matrix, which is an m-order diagonal matrix, the elements on the main diagonal are weight factors of a certain influence type, and the rest are 0;
Step 5-5), calculating to obtain an environmental impact value EI (Environmental Impact) according to an LCA evaluation paradigm, wherein EI is an environmental impact index matrix which is a 1*m-dimensional row matrix, and matrix elements are evaluation values of a specific impact type, including various ecological damage impact values and resource exhaustion impact values of evaluated building wastes;
EI＝BC×IF×CF×WF
EI is an environmental impact index matrix;
BC is the consumption matrix during demolition of the building being evaluated;
IF is a basic manifest data matrix;
CF is a characterization factor matrix;
WF is a weight factor matrix;
Step 5-6) respectively calculating the environmental impact of four processes of waste transportation, waste landfill, waste recovery and new material saving in waste recovery, wherein the total environmental impact TEI of the construction waste is the environmental impact EI t in the waste transportation process, the environmental impact EI l in the waste landfill activity, and the environmental impact EI r generated in the recovery activity is added to subtract the environmental benefit EI s caused by new material saving in recovery;
TEI＝EIt+EIl+EIr-EIs
EI t is the environmental impact of diesel consumption by a haul truck;
EI l is the environmental impact of waste landfill activity;
EI r is the environmental impact of waste recovery activities;
EI s recycling activities save environmental benefits brought by new material production;
TEI is the total environmental impact of construction waste;
and 5-7) displaying the various ecological damage influence values, the resource exhaustion influence values and the total values of the evaluated construction wastes in the chart of the interface.
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