CN113761769A - Research method for distribution of low-frequency electric field of transformer substation in human body - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of analysis of influence of a transformer electric field of a transformer substation on a human body, and particularly relates to a research method for distribution of a low-frequency electric field of the transformer substation in the human body. The method takes a 500kV indoor transformer substation as a research object, establishes a simplified human body model, and researches the electric field distribution around the human body and the induced current density inside the human body when the human body stands, bends and squats in the transformer substation by adopting an analysis method combining a Charge Simulation Method (CSM) and a finite element. The method is a research method for distribution of the low-frequency electric field of the transformer substation in the human body, and has high calculation efficiency and accurate calculation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of analysis of influence of a transformer electric field of a transformer substation on a human body, and particularly relates to a research method for distribution of a low-frequency electric field of the transformer substation in the human body.
Background
With the advance of urbanization in China, urban land is increasingly in short supply, and the distance between urban buildings is small. Therefore, to reduce the urban land area, an all-indoor substation is often used. But because of the proximity to the inhabitants, this can lead to panic in nearby inhabitants. The method is sometimes seen in news reports, even arouses disputes between residents and power grid companies, and adds resistance to power planning and construction. Meanwhile, staff of the transformer substation can also patrol and examine the transformer substation, and when the staff are close to the equipment, a larger potential difference can be generated, so that the induced current in the human body is increased.
At present, many researches on the power frequency electric field and the induced current density of a human body in a power frequency electromagnetic field are carried out at home and abroad, for example, the ANSYS is used for calculating the power frequency electric field exposure level and the current density of the human body in an extra-high voltage transformer substation. In the existing research, a Finite Element Method (FEM) is taken as a mainstream method, but equipment in a transformer substation is complex, and an electromagnetic field is an open-field, so that the calculation amount is increased and the calculation efficiency is reduced if the traditional finite element method is used. In addition, if a human body exists in the substation, it is difficult to directly measure the electric field distribution and the current density, and it is not feasible to directly measure the current density inside the human body tissue.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for researching distribution of a low-frequency electric field of a transformer substation in a human body, and aims to solve the problems that the traditional finite element method is low in calculation efficiency, and direct measurement of the electric field distribution and the current density of the transformer substation is difficult and direct measurement of the current density inside human tissues is not feasible when the human body exists in the transformer substation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for researching distribution of a low-frequency electric field of a transformer substation in a human body comprises the steps of taking a 500kV indoor transformer substation as a research object, and calculating distribution of the electric field around the human body and density of induced current in the human body when the human body in the transformer substation is in standing, bending and squatting postures by establishing a simplified human body model; the research method comprises the following steps:
s1, determining a calculation principle, wherein the calculation principle adopts a mixed analysis method combining a Charge Simulation Method (CSM) and a finite element;
s2, verifying a hybrid algorithm, wherein the aim of verifying the hybrid algorithm is to compare the calculation result of the hybrid method with the measured value and the simulated charge method and detect the hybrid algorithm;
s3, establishing a finite element region boundary, wherein the purpose of establishing the finite element region boundary is to calculate potential distribution and potential relative error corresponding to different heights when a metal grounding body exists or not;
s4, establishing a human body model, and determining the boundary condition of the finite element calculation area of the human body by using the method in the step S3;
and S5, calculating and analyzing the electric field distribution of the transformer substation human body.
Furthermore, the area to be solved is divided into two parts in the hybrid analysis method, wherein one part is an analog charge area, is composed of a single medium and is an unbounded field area; the other part is a finite element region which is a bounded closed region and is surrounded by a boundary surface (C-F boundary surface) of the simulated charge region and the finite element region.
Further, in step S1, the point charges are used as analog charges on the device, the line charges are used as connecting conductors, and the analog charges are obtained by dividing the conductive line into L line charge units with length L, calculating linear distribution of charges charged in each unit line charge unit, and generating potentials at any point P in space by the line charge basic units as follows:
wherein τ (u) is the line charge density, the magnitude of which is related to the line charge density at the two ends of the wire; ε 0 is the vacuum dielectric constant; d is the distance from the source point to the point P;
wherein the potential generated by the point charge at any point P in the space is:
in the formula, R is the distance from a source point to a point to be solved; q is the amount of charge,
the point charge is then combined with the line charge, resulting in the following equation:
in the formula, P tau and Pq are respectively a line charge and point charge point position coefficient matrix; tau and q are respectively the line charge quantity to be solved and the point charge quantity; phi tau and phi q are respectively matched point potentials, after the electric charge quantity is solved, a plurality of check points with known potentials are taken for checking until the precision requirement is met;
in step S1, the finite element method converts the poisson equation or Laplace equation into a corresponding variational problem, then performs subdivision interpolation on the region, discretizes the variational problem to obtain a set of multivariate algebraic equations, and solves the power frequency electric field under the power transmission line, which belongs to the typical Laplace boundary value problem:
wherein ε represents a dielectric constant in space; phi 1 is an electric field in the space; omega is a calculation area; Γ 1 is the boundary of the calculation region; phi 0 is the potential value on the boundary;
converting the boundary value problem into a corresponding variation problem, dividing a calculation region into tetrahedral units, selecting an interpolation function, and discretizing the variation problem to obtain a finite element equation as follows:
wherein [ k ] is a total electric field energy coefficient matrix; [ φ 1] is the potential to be determined.
Further, in the step S3, the paths L1, L2, and L3 are selected on three different boundary surfaces of each calculation region, the potentials on the three paths are obtained by an analog charge method, and compared with the case where no conductor is present, the formula is shown in the following formula 6,
wherein V0 is the potential at the center of the transversal line when no metal object is present; v1 is the potential at the center of the transversal line when there is a metal body.
Further, in step S5, the calculating and analyzing the electric field distribution of the human body in the transformer substation includes the following steps:
s5.1, analyzing the distribution of the electric field of the transformer;
s5.2, analyzing electric field distribution and current density around the human body;
in step S5.1, each transformer is a phase, and each phase of transformers is separated by a firewall, where the simplified calculation model of the single-phase transformer is: the whole transformer is regarded as a cuboid; the transformer conservator is regarded as a cylinder horizontally placed along the y-axis direction, and the calculation model of each phase of the transformer is the same.
In the step S5.1, the three-phase transformers are horizontally arranged along the x axis, the centers of the phase a and the phase B, the phase B and the phase C are equally spaced, and the centers of the two phases are separated by a firewall.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention combines the charge simulation method and finite element calculation to calculate the induced potential and the induced electric field distribution around the personnel when the personnel patrols and examines the 500kV transformer area. The power frequency electric field distribution below the overhead line is calculated by using the calculating method, and the accuracy of the calculating method is verified by comparing actual measured data with a simulated charge method and a method combining the simulated charge method with a finite element.
A human body is modeled, and the electric field distribution around the human body and the current density in the human body are calculated. The distribution of peripheral induction potentials is reduced due to the existence of a human body, the human body arms have a certain shielding effect on the induction potentials and the distribution of induction fields in the lower area of the human body arms, the current density of the neck and the legs is the largest, and the average current density of the trunk is the largest. The research result of the invention can provide reference for the designer of the transformer substation to optimize the electric field distribution of the transformer substation in the engineering design stage, and also can provide reference for the individual protection requirements of the working personnel of the transformer substation and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a line charge base unit;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a hybrid calculation;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the results of the hybrid method with the measured and simulated charge methods;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of an electric field calculation area under a power transmission line;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing potential distribution and potential relative error curves corresponding to different heights with or without a metal grounding body;
FIG. 6 is a simplified calculation diagram of a transformer;
FIG. 7 is a distribution diagram of power frequency electric field in the transformer region;
FIG. 8 is a front view of the distribution of electric potential around the human body;
FIG. 9 is a side view of the potential distribution around the human body;
FIG. 10 is a front view of the electric field distribution around the human body;
FIG. 11 is a side view showing the distribution of electric field around the human body
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
A method for researching distribution of a low-frequency electric field of a transformer substation in a human body comprises the steps of taking a 500kV indoor transformer substation as a research object, and calculating distribution of the electric field around the human body and density of induced current in the human body when the human body in the transformer substation is in standing, bending and squatting postures by establishing a simplified human body model; the research method comprises the following steps:
s1, determining a calculation principle, wherein the calculation principle adopts a mixed analysis method combining a Charge Simulation Method (CSM) and a finite element;
s2, verifying a hybrid algorithm, wherein the aim of verifying the hybrid algorithm is to compare the calculation result of the hybrid method with the measured value and the simulated charge method and detect the hybrid algorithm;
s3, establishing a finite element region boundary, wherein the purpose of establishing the finite element region boundary is to calculate potential distribution and potential relative error corresponding to different heights when a metal grounding body exists or not;
s4, establishing a human body model, and determining the boundary condition of the finite element calculation area of the human body by using the method in the step S3;
and S5, calculating and analyzing the electric field distribution of the transformer substation human body.
The mixed analysis method divides an area to be solved into two parts, wherein one part is an analog charge area, is composed of a single medium and is an unbounded field area; the other part is a finite element region which is a bounded closed region and is surrounded by a boundary surface (C-F boundary surface) of the simulated charge region and the finite element region, and a flow chart of the hybrid calculation method is shown in FIG. 2.
Preferably, in step S1, the point charges are used as analog charges on the device, the line charges are used as connecting conductors, and the analog charges are obtained by dividing the conductive line into L line charge units with length L, calculating linear distribution of charges charged in each unit line charge, and generating potentials at any point P in space by the line charge basic units as shown in fig. 1;
wherein τ (u) is the line charge density, the magnitude of which is related to the line charge density at the two ends of the wire; ε 0 is the vacuum dielectric constant; d is the distance from the source point to the point P;
wherein the potential generated by the point charge at any point P in the space is:
in the formula, R is the distance from a source point to a point to be solved; q is the amount of charge,
the point charge is then combined with the line charge, resulting in the following equation:
in the formula, P tau and Pq are respectively a line charge and point charge point position coefficient matrix; tau and q are respectively the line charge quantity to be solved and the point charge quantity; phi tau and phi q are respectively matched point potentials, after the electric charge quantity is solved, a plurality of check points with known potentials are taken for checking until the precision requirement is met;
in step S1, the finite element method converts the poisson equation or Laplace equation into a corresponding variational problem, then performs subdivision interpolation on the region, discretizes the variational problem to obtain a set of multivariate algebraic equations, and solves the power frequency electric field under the power transmission line, which belongs to the typical Laplace boundary value problem:
wherein ε represents a dielectric constant in space; phi 1 is an electric field in the space; omega is a calculation area; Γ 1 is the boundary of the calculation region; phi 0 is the potential value on the boundary;
converting the boundary value problem into a corresponding variation problem, dividing a calculation region into tetrahedral units, selecting an interpolation function, and discretizing the variation problem to obtain a finite element equation as follows:
wherein [ k ] is a total electric field energy coefficient matrix; [ φ 1] is the potential to be determined.
In step S2, to verify the effectiveness of the hybrid method, the three-phase transmission line is 18 meters high and 40 meters long in the y-axis direction, the a-phase position x is 0m, and the B, C phases are sequentially increased by 6m in the x-axis direction. Taking the middle phase line as a center, selecting a 5 × 6 × 40 rectangular area as a finite element solving area along the line direction of 5m, the vertical line direction of 40m and the height of 6m, calculating the electric field distribution within the range of 1.5m from the ground and the vertical line direction of 040m by applying a hybrid method, comparing the calculation result of the hybrid method with the calculation value and the measurement value of the simulated charge method, comparing the calculation result of the hybrid method with the actual measurement value and the simulated charge method, for example, as shown in fig. 3, it can be seen that the result calculated by using the hybrid method is basically consistent with the result calculated by the actual measurement value and the simulated charge method, that is, the hybrid method is feasible.
In step S3, the calculation model selects a 500kV extra-high voltage transmission line, the type of the wire is 4 × LGJ-400/35, the split spacing is 0.45m, the line is horizontally arranged, the wire suspension height H is 30m, the wire phase spacing S is 12m, the span is 400m, and the sag is about 10 m;
the electric field calculation region under the transmission line is provided with a 0.4m × 0.4m × 2m grounding conductor to simulate the human body under the line as shown in fig. 4, the finite element regions are respectively selected as cubes with the side length a being 6m, paths L1, L2 and L3 are selected on three different boundary surfaces of each calculation region, the potentials on the three paths are obtained by using a simulated charge method, and compared with the case of no conductor, the formula is shown as the following formula 6,
wherein V0 is the potential at the center of the transversal line when no metal object is present; the potential distribution and the relative error of the potential corresponding to different heights when V1 indicates that the potential at the center of the transversal line is present when a metal body is present, and that when a metal grounding body is not present, are shown in FIG. 5.
In step S4, the height of the human body is 1.75m, a cube with a finite element area size of 5 × 5 × 5 is taken, the maximum potential error on the boundary of the corresponding finite element calculation area is obtained by analysis and is 1.87%, and the simplified model parameters and the electrical parameters of each part of the human body are shown in table 1;
TABLE 1
In step S5, analyzing the electric field distribution of the human body in the substation includes the following steps:
s5.1, analyzing distribution of the electric field of the transformer;
s5.2, analyzing the electric field distribution and current density around the human body;
in the step S5.1, each transformer is a phase, and each phase of transformers is separated by a firewall, wherein the simplified calculation model of the single-phase transformer is as follows: the whole transformer is a cuboid, the length and the width of the transformer are 4m, and the height of the transformer is 2 m; the transformer conservator is a cylinder horizontally placed along the y-axis direction, the radius of the cylinder is 0.7m, the length of the cylinder is 2m, the center of the cylinder is 1.1m away from the top of the transformer, the lowest point of the cylinder is 0.4m away from the top of the whole transformer, and the calculation models of the transformers in each phase are the same.
In the step S5.1, the three-phase transformers are horizontally arranged along the x axis, the centers of the phase A and the phase B, the phase B and the phase C are separated by 12m, the middle of the two phases is separated by a firewall, the thickness of the firewall is 0.4m along the x axis direction, the length of the firewall is 10m along the y axis direction, and the height of the firewall is 5 m.
Preferably, the transformer line calculation model is: the height of a 500kV high-voltage side line is 15m, the height of a 220kV low-voltage side line is 13m, the phase distance is 11m, and the direction of the y axis is along; the phase A line is B, C phases at the position of 3m, namely the x axis direction is sequentially increased by 11m, the conducting wire is regarded as a horizontal conducting wire, and the voltage and the current at each position of the same conducting wire are the same, namely: a simplified transformer line calculation model of the transformer, ignoring voltage drops and wire impedances, is shown in fig. 6.
Under the simplified model of the 500kV three-phase transformer, the distribution of a power frequency electric field on a high plane 1.5m away from the ground in a transformer area is calculated, and the calculation area is as follows: the x-axis direction is minus 15 to 40m, the y-axis direction is minus 15 to 30m, and the distribution diagram of the power frequency electric field in the transformer region is shown in figure 7.
In the step S5.2, the shoes worn by the person are simplified, wherein the soles are 2cm thick, the uppers are 5cm high and 1cm thick, and are made of rubber, the transformer substation operator often needs to wear safety helmets in the actual operation process, the influence of the safety helmets on the field distribution around the human body is considered, the safety helmets are defined as hemispherical shells with the radius of 12cm, the thickness of the safety helmets is 0.2cm, the edges of the safety helmets are ignored, the safety helmets are made of plastic, and the induced electric fields and the electric field distribution around the human body are as shown in fig. 8 to fig. 11
As can be seen from fig. 8 and 9, the human body stands in the transformer operation area, and the overhead induction potential is 1483.6V; the leg induction potential is 1482.2V; the presence of the human body reduces the distribution of the ambient induced potential. As can be seen from fig. 10 and 11, the electric field is largely distorted near the ground and at the top of the head of the human body. A person stands at the operation position of the transformer area independently, and the amplitude of a distortion electric field near the shoes and the ground of the person reaches 73.8 kV/m; the amplitude of the distortion electric field at the top of the human head reaches 57 kV/m; the human body arm has a certain shielding effect on the distribution of the induced electric potential and the induced electric field in the lower area, and the induced current density of each part of the human body is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Wherein the current density is greatest in the neck and leg portions due to the smaller relative cross-sectional area of the neck and leg portions.
The above description is not intended to limit the present invention, but rather, the present invention is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A research method for distribution of a low-frequency electric field of a transformer substation in a human body is characterized by comprising the following steps: calculating the distribution of electric fields around the human body and the density of induced current inside the human body when the human body stands, bends and squats in the transformer substation by establishing a simplified human body model; the research method comprises the following steps:
s1, determining a calculation principle, wherein the calculation principle adopts a mixed analysis method combining a simulated charge method and a finite element;
s2, verifying a hybrid algorithm, wherein the aim of verifying the hybrid algorithm is to compare the calculation result of the hybrid method with the measured value and the simulated charge method and detect the hybrid algorithm;
s3, establishing a finite element region boundary, wherein the purpose of establishing the finite element region boundary is to calculate potential distribution and potential relative error corresponding to different heights when a metal grounding body exists or not;
s4, establishing a human body model, and determining the boundary condition of the finite element calculation area of the human body by using the method in the step S3;
and S5, calculating and analyzing the electric field distribution of the transformer substation human body.
2. The method for researching distribution of the low-frequency electric field of the transformer substation in the human body according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the mixed analysis method divides an area to be solved into two parts, wherein one part is an analog charge area, is composed of a single medium and is an unbounded field area; the other part is a finite element region which is a bounded closed region and is surrounded by the interface of the simulated charge region and the finite element region.
3. The method for researching distribution of the low-frequency electric field of the transformer substation in the human body according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in step S1, the point charges are used as analog charges on the device, the line charges are used as connecting conductors, and the analog charges are obtained by dividing the conductive line into L line charge units with length L, calculating linear distribution of charges charged in each unit line charge, and generating potentials at any point P in space by the line charge basic units as follows:
wherein τ (u) is the line charge density, the magnitude of which is related to the line charge density at the two ends of the wire; ε 0 is the vacuum dielectric constant; d is the distance from the source point to the point P;
wherein the potential generated by the point charge at any point P in the space is:
in the formula, R is the distance from a source point to a point to be solved; q is the amount of charge,
the point charge is then combined with the line charge, resulting in the following equation:
in the formula, P tau and Pq are respectively a line charge and point charge point position coefficient matrix; tau and q are respectively the line charge quantity to be solved and the point charge quantity; phi tau and phi q are respectively matched point potentials, after the electric charge quantity is solved, a plurality of check points with known potentials are taken for checking until the precision requirement is met;
in step S1, the finite element method converts the poisson equation or Laplace equation into a corresponding variational problem, then performs subdivision interpolation on the region, discretizes the variational problem to obtain a set of multivariate algebraic equations, and solves the power frequency electric field under the power transmission line, which belongs to the typical Laplace boundary value problem:
wherein ε represents a dielectric constant in space; phi 1 is an electric field in the space; omega is a calculation area; Γ 1 is the boundary of the calculation region; phi 0 is the potential value on the boundary;
converting the boundary value problem into a corresponding variation problem, dividing a calculation region into tetrahedral units, selecting an interpolation function, and discretizing the variation problem to obtain a finite element equation as follows:
wherein [ k ] is a total electric field energy coefficient matrix; [ φ 1] is the potential to be determined.
4. The method for researching distribution of the low-frequency electric field of the transformer substation in the human body according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in step S3, paths L1, L2, and L3 are selected on three different boundary surfaces for each calculation region, potentials on the three paths are determined by an analog charge method, and compared with a case where no conductor is present, as shown in the following formula 6,
wherein V0 is the potential at the center of the transversal line when no metal object is present; v1 is the potential at the center of the transversal line when there is a metal body.
5. The method for researching distribution of the low-frequency electric field of the transformer substation in the human body according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in step S5, analyzing the electric field distribution of the human body in the substation includes the following steps:
s5.1, analyzing distribution of the electric field of the transformer;
s5.2, analyzing the electric field distribution and current density around the human body;
in step S5.1, each transformer is a phase, and each phase of transformers is separated by a firewall, where the simplified calculation model of the single-phase transformer is: the whole transformer is regarded as a cuboid; the transformer conservator is regarded as a cylinder horizontally placed along the y-axis direction, and the calculation model of each phase of the transformer is the same.
In the step S5.1, the three-phase transformers are horizontally arranged along the x-axis, the centers of the phase a and the phase B, and the phase B and the phase C are equally spaced, and the centers of the two phases are separated by a firewall.
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