CN113759252A - Online evaluation method for inconsistency of battery clusters of energy storage power station based on direct-current internal resistance ir voltage drop - Google Patents
Online evaluation method for inconsistency of battery clusters of energy storage power station based on direct-current internal resistance ir voltage drop Download PDFInfo
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- CN113759252A CN113759252A CN202111175261.3A CN202111175261A CN113759252A CN 113759252 A CN113759252 A CN 113759252A CN 202111175261 A CN202111175261 A CN 202111175261A CN 113759252 A CN113759252 A CN 113759252A
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 11
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012983 electrochemical energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/378—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] specially adapted for the type of battery or accumulator
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
Abstract
The invention discloses an energy storage power station battery cluster inconsistency online evaluation method based on direct current internal resistance ir voltage drop, wherein the method comprises the following steps: screening the battery PACK box based on two parameter indexes of available capacity and direct current internal resistance, and selecting a characterization monomer; obtaining the voltage drop amplitude delta U of the battery cluster and the characterization monomer ir in real timedc、ΔudcBased on a linear fit relationship f (Δ U)dc,n·Δudc) Derivative to obtain the change rate f' (Delta U)dc,n·Δudc) N is the number of battery PACK boxes, and f' (delta U) follows the circulationdc,n·Δudc) A decreasing trend is exhibited, which reflects increased cell cluster non-uniformity. The methodThe method has the advantages of low implementation cost, easy practical application and effective online evaluation of the inconsistency of the battery clusters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electrochemical energy storage, in particular to the field of health state detection of lithium ion battery clusters for electric energy storage.
Background
With the continuous construction of a novel power system, renewable energy gradually replaces fossil energy, energy storage links play a key role more and more, lithium ion battery energy storage plays an important role in internal energy storage projects, and safe and stable operation of the lithium ion battery is the key and difficult point of development of the novel power system in the future. And a Battery Management System (BMS) is limited in operation capability due to a hardware level. Therefore, the evaluation means of the running state of the energy storage battery needs to be updated continuously, and meanwhile, the practical application problem needs to be considered.
The existing lithium ion battery energy storage power station adopts a battery cluster constructed based on a battery module unit box phase (battery PACK box for short) as a basic unit. However, due to a certain difference between the initial performance parameters of the battery PACK box and the external working environment, the monitoring of the inconsistency problem in the working process is very important. If each single battery SOH in the box body is detected in real time, the operability is not high. Therefore, the floating rule of the corresponding relation between the battery cluster parameters and the battery PACK box parameters caused by the aging inconsistency of the batteries in the constant-current charging and discharging process is explored, the inconsistency of the battery clusters is evaluated on line based on the relevant results, and the method has important significance for safe and stable operation of the energy storage power station and retirement of the battery PACK box.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to guarantee the safe running state of the battery cluster of the energy storage power station, reduce the possibility of unbalanced accidents and promote the realizability of the gradient utilization of the energy storage battery, the invention provides the online evaluation method of the inconsistency of the battery cluster based on the direct current internal resistance ir voltage drop, and the safety of the energy storage power station is improved by effectively utilizing the parameters of an energy storage Battery Management System (BMS). Meanwhile, the method hardly generates disturbance on the evaluated object, and is easy to be applied practically.
In a first aspect, uncertainty differences in available capacity and internal resistance are a major source of battery pack inconsistency. Therefore, before the battery clusters are put into operation in groups, the battery PACK box is screened based on two parameter indexes of available capacity and direct current internal resistance, a characterization monomer is selected, and the screening conditions are as follows:
characterizing the available capacity q and the DC internal resistance r of the monomerdcThe average value of the available capacity of all battery PACK boxes in the battery cluster and the average value of the direct current internal resistance are closest to each other, and the characterization single body is taken as a reference object to provide reference for inconsistency in the working process of the battery cluster.
In a second aspect, a method for evaluating the inconsistency of a battery cluster of an energy storage power station based on ir voltage drop in Direct Current (DC) is provided, and comprises the following steps:
the charging and discharging current of the energy storage power station is kept unchanged, and ir voltage drop delta U caused by direct-current internal resistance of the battery cluster and the characterization monomer is obtaineddc、ΔudcFitting in real time to obtain a linear variation relationship f (delta U)dc,n·Δudc) And n is the number of battery PACK boxes.
Based on linear fitting variation relation f (delta U)dc,n·Δudc) Derivative to obtain the change rate f' (Delta U)dc,n·Δudc)。
For the change rate f' (Δ U) with the sampling step size unchangeddc,n·Δudc) Making an online record if f' (Δ U)dc,n·Δudc) And a reduction trend is shown, so that the situation that the inconsistency of the battery cluster is aggravated and the aging degree of the battery PACK box is uneven is reflected.
Further, when the inconsistency of the battery PACK boxes in the battery cluster is judged, the method further comprises the following steps:
disconnecting the converter direct-current side contactor and the BMS high-voltage box switch, detecting the direct-current internal resistance of each battery PACK box, and replacing the battery PACK box with the larger direct-current internal resistance, namely the battery PACK box with the deeper aging degree.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides an online evaluation method for the inconsistency of a lithium ion battery cluster for energy storage based on direct-current internal resistance ir voltage drop, which is low in cost, free of disturbance, easy to practically apply and capable of effectively evaluating the inconsistency of the battery cluster online.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for evaluating inconsistency of a battery cluster according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating screening of cell cluster characterization monomers according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a graph representing ir drop across a cell according to an embodiment of the invention
FIG. 4 is a graph of ir drop for an example stack of the invention
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
The battery management system BMS can monitor the discharge voltage of the battery cluster and the characterization monomer on line in real time. With the continuous increase of the number of charge and discharge cycles and the difference of external conditions, the consistency of the charge and discharge cycles and the external conditions is difficult to guarantee, and the difference of the voltage drop amplitude of the battery cluster and the characterization monomer ir is amplified continuously. Therefore, ir voltage drop delta U caused by direct current internal resistance of the battery cluster and the characterization single body is obtained in real timedc、ΔudcAnd reflecting the inconsistency of the battery cluster through a linear fitting relation of the voltage drop amplitude of the two batteries.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a flow chart of a method for evaluating inconsistency of a battery cluster of an energy storage power station, including:
s1: before the battery cluster is put into operation in groups, screening the battery PACK box based on two parameter indexes of available capacity and direct-current internal resistance, and selecting a characterization monomer, namely the available capacity q and the direct-current internal resistance r of the characterization monomerdcThe screening diagram is shown in fig. 2, which is closest to the average value of the available capacity of all battery PACK boxes in the battery cluster and the average value of the direct current internal resistance.
S2: the charging and discharging current of the energy storage power station is kept unchanged, and the voltage drop amplitude delta U of the battery cluster and the characterization monomer ir is obtained in real timedc、Δudc。
S3: fitting in real time to obtain a linear variation relation f (delta U)dc,n·Δudc) And n is the number of battery PACK boxes.
S4: based on a linear fit relationship f (Δ U)dc,n·Δudc) The real-time derivation is carried out to obtain the change rate f' (delta U)dc,n·Δudc) And recording the change rate online.
S41: with the sampling step size unchanged, f' (Δ U) as the cycle progressesdc,n·Δudc) The reduction trend is shown, the inconsistency of the battery clusters is aggravated, the battery PACK boxes have the condition of uneven aging degree, the direct-current side contactor of the converter and the BMS high-voltage box switch are disconnected, direct-current internal resistance detection is carried out on each battery PACK box, and the battery PACK boxes with larger direct-current internal resistance are replaced.
S42: the sampling step remains constant and the rate of change f' (Δ U) as the cycle progressesdc,n·Δudc) The stability is kept, the consistency of the battery cluster is good, the protection action is not executed, and the real-time online monitoring on the voltage drop of the battery cluster and the characterization monomer ir is continuously carried out.
In order to further understand the technical scheme of the invention, the invention is further explained by combining an example.
The experimental platform consists of a biochemical incubator, a high-performance battery monitoring system and a human-computer interaction interface, the temperature of the incubator is maintained at 30 ℃, and an experimental object is a lithium ion button cell. Firstly, carrying out constant-current charging and discharging aging on a battery:
discharging current of 2mA to 1.1V, and standing for 1 min;
charging current is 2mA, charging to 2.1V, and standing for 1 min;
repeating the steps of the first step and the second step, and circularly charging and discharging for 85 times;
and discharging to 1.7V at constant voltage.
After aging, the lithium ion battery is connected in series with a new lithium ion button cell to perform constant current charging and discharging, the initial voltage of the lithium ion battery and the initial voltage of the lithium ion battery are similar, and the new battery is taken as a representation monomer. Constant current charging and discharging are also carried out:
discharging current of 2mA to 2.2V, and standing for 1 min;
charging current is 2mA, charging to 4.2V, and standing for 1 min;
and thirdly, repeating the steps of the first step and the second step for circularly charging and discharging 35 times.
The monomer ir pressure drop is characterized as shown in FIG. 3; the voltage drop of the series stack ir is shown in figure 4.
It can be seen from the graph that ir voltage drop, Δ U, due to DC internal resistancedcIs greater than Deltau udcAlong with the circulation, the inconsistency of the battery is increased, the difference between the voltage drop amplitude of the battery pack and the 2 times of the single body voltage drop amplitude is gradually increased, and the linear fitting relation change rate f' (delta U) of the two is increaseddc,2·Δudc) A downward trend is exhibited.
Through the analysis, the change rule of the direct current internal resistance ir voltage drop of the battery pack and the characterization single battery is consistent with the theoretical analysis of the online evaluation method of the inconsistency of the battery cluster, and the beneficial effect of the evaluation method is proved from the side.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The method for online evaluating the inconsistency of the battery clusters of the energy storage power station based on the ir voltage drop of the direct current internal resistance is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and screening the battery PACK box, and selecting a characterization monomer.
Step two: obtaining the voltage drop amplitude of the battery cluster and the characterization monomer ir in real time to perform linear fitting to obtain a linear relation f (delta U)dc,n·Δudc)
Step three: deriving the linear relationship to its rate of change f' (Δ U)dc,n·Δudc) (ii) a If f' (Δ U)dc,n·Δudc) And if the trend is reduced, judging that the inconsistency of the battery clusters is intensified.
2. The method for online evaluation of the inconsistency of a battery cluster according to claim 1, further comprising, after determining that the inconsistency is aggravated:
disconnecting the converter direct-current side contactor and the BMS high-voltage box switch, detecting the direct-current internal resistance of each battery PACK box, and replacing the battery PACK box with the larger direct-current internal resistance, namely the battery PACK box with the deeper aging degree.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising, before obtaining the parameters related to the battery clusters and the characterization cells:
before the battery cluster is put into operation in groups, screening each battery PACK box by using available capacity and direct-current internal resistance as parameter indexes, wherein the screening conditions are as follows:
namely representing the available capacity q and the direct current internal resistance r of the monomerdcAnd selecting the characterization single body based on the average value of the available capacity of all battery PACK boxes in the battery cluster and the average value of the direct current internal resistance.
4. The online evaluation method for the inconsistency of the battery cluster according to any of the claims 1, further comprising:
if the rate of change f' (Δ U)dc,n·Δudc) The stability is kept, the consistency of the battery cluster is good, no protection action is executed, and the voltage drop delta U between the battery cluster and the characterization monomer ir is continuously carried outdc、ΔudcAnd carrying out real-time online monitoring.
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