CN113751970B - Sphere processing technology - Google Patents
Sphere processing technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN113751970B CN113751970B CN202111115051.5A CN202111115051A CN113751970B CN 113751970 B CN113751970 B CN 113751970B CN 202111115051 A CN202111115051 A CN 202111115051A CN 113751970 B CN113751970 B CN 113751970B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sphere processing technology, which comprises the following steps: automatic feeding, self-centering clamping, turning an outer circle, turning an end face, turning a sliding plate groove, drilling a lifting process hole through a sealing groove, secondary clamping, turning the outer circle, roughly turning a spherical surface, semi-finely turning the spherical surface, finely turning the spherical surface and plating nickel-phosphorus alloy. The product processed by the spherical surface processing technology can meet the requirement that the surface roughness reaches 0.2 mu m level while meeting the dimensional accuracy of the spherical surface processing of +/-0.8 mm, ensures various functional requirements of the support and prolongs the service life of the support.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bridge supports, in particular to a spherical surface machining process.
Background
Along with the development of high-speed railway technology, the requirements on bridge supports are higher and higher, the spherical crown lining plate is used as a key functional part of the spherical steel support, the anti-corrosion effect is a key part of the spherical crown lining plate when the mechanical property and the displacement and rotation angle function meet the conditions, especially in humid climates and rainy seasons, the anti-corrosion performance of the spherical crown lining plate is more serious, and the function of the spherical crown lining plate after corrosion is directly invalid, so that the service life of the bridge supports is greatly influenced. Compared with the conventional process mode of welding spherical mirror stainless steel by a support, the process mode of adopting the anti-corrosion coating such as nickel-phosphorus alloy and the like avoids the problem of stainless steel welding void and the problem of uneven wall thickness caused by stretching of stainless steel in the spherical forming process, but the process mode of adopting the anti-corrosion coating such as nickel-phosphorus alloy and the like has very strict machining requirements on the spherical crown lining plate, and can meet the requirements that the surface roughness reaches 0.2 mu m level while meeting the machining dimensional accuracy of +/-0.8 mm of the spherical surface, so that the machining process is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a spherical surface processing technology, which solves the problems in the prior art, can meet the requirements that the surface roughness reaches 0.2 mu m level while meeting the dimensional accuracy of the spherical surface processing of +/-0.8 mm, ensures the functional requirements of a support and prolongs the service life of the support.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
the invention provides a spherical surface processing technology capable of realizing full-automatic spherical surface processing, which comprises the following steps:
step one, automatic feeding and self-centering clamping, namely centering and tool setting by taking an outer circle as a rough positioning reference;
turning an excircle by adopting an excircle turning tool, and setting the required spindle rotating speed, feeding speed and cutting depth;
turning the end face by adopting an end face turning tool, and setting the required spindle rotating speed, feeding speed and cutting depth;
turning a sliding plate groove and a sealing groove by adopting an end face groove cutter, programming a machining program according to the depth and the diameter of the required sliding plate groove, and setting the rotating speed, the feeding speed and the cutting depth of a main shaft; according to the depth and width of the seal groove, programming a machining program, and setting the rotating speed, the feeding speed and the cutting depth of the main shaft;
step five, drilling a hoisting process hole, drilling and tapping the center, and setting the rotating speed and the feeding amount of the main shaft according to the effective thread depth;
step six, secondary clamping, namely centering and tool setting the magnetic gauge stand and the dial indicator by taking the outer circle as a radial fine positioning reference and the end face as an axial fine positioning reference;
turning an excircle by adopting an excircle turning tool, and setting the rotating speed, the feeding speed and the cutting depth of a main shaft;
step eight, roughly turning the spherical surface by adopting a special turning tool for the spherical surface, and programming a machining program according to the radius of the spherical surface to set semi-finish turning allowance, spindle rotating speed, feeding speed and cutting depth;
step nine, semi-finish turning the spherical surface by adopting a special turning tool for the spherical surface, programming a machining program according to the radius of the spherical surface, and setting finish turning allowance, spindle rotating speed, feeding speed and cutting depth;
step ten, adopting a self-made flexible spherical finishing tool to finish turning the spherical surface, adopting the self-made mirror finishing tool to process according to the required spherical radius and surface roughness, programming a processing program, and setting the processing linear speed, the feeding speed and the cutting depth; ensuring the machining precision of the spherical surface to be within +/-0.8 mm and ensuring the surface roughness to reach the level of 0.2 mu m.
And eleventh, carrying out corrosion prevention treatment on the spherical surface, and plating nickel-phosphorus alloy.
The processed spherical surface is a spherical crown lining plate, the spherical crown lining plate comprises a spherical surface and an end surface, a sliding plate groove and a sealing groove are formed in the end surface, the sliding plate groove and the sealing groove are arranged concentrically with the end surface, and the diameter size of a virtual circle where the sliding plate groove is located is smaller than the diameter size of the virtual circle where the sealing groove is located; and a smooth outer cylindrical surface is arranged on the outer side of the end face.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
compared with the conventional process mode of welding the spherical mirror surface stainless steel by the support, the process mode of adopting the nickel-phosphorus alloy and other anti-corrosion coating avoids the problem of stainless steel welding void and the problem of uneven wall thickness caused by stretching of the stainless steel in the spherical forming process, and the special spherical turning tool and the self-made flexible spherical finishing tool break through the machining bottleneck with the surface roughness reaching the level of 0.2 mu m, thereby ensuring the realization of the nickel-phosphorus alloy and other anti-corrosion coating process, having simple and clear working procedure, strong pertinence, convenient operation, low investment cost, high production efficiency and wide application, being capable of being applied to other fields and having certain popularization value besides finishing the machining requirements of the bridge support spherical crown liner plate. The method is applied to the engineering rubber industry for the first time, is a great innovation of the processing technology of the spherical crown lining plate, directly realizes automation, standardization and precision, fills the blank of the industry, and is at the leading level in China.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a front view of a spherical crown liner plate processed in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a spherical crown liner plate processed according to the present invention;
100 is a spherical crown lining plate, 1 is a spherical surface, 2 is an end surface, 3 is a sliding plate groove, 4 is a sealing groove, 5 is an outer cylindrical surface, and 6 is a hoisting process hole.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention aims to provide a spherical surface processing technology, which solves the problems in the prior art, can meet the requirements that the surface roughness reaches 0.2 mu m level while meeting the dimensional accuracy of the spherical surface processing of +/-0.8 mm, ensures various functional requirements of a support, and prolongs the service life of the support.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
From the aspect of turning, the machining error in the lathe machining process and the clearance of the lathe are eliminated, and the surface roughness of the normal spherical turning tool can reach 1.6 mu m at most while the spherical machining dimensional accuracy of +/-0.8 mm is ensured. From the analysis of the processed texture, in order to meet the requirement of the surface roughness of 0.2 mu m, the height difference between the highest point and the lowest point of the cutter texture needs to be reduced to be lower and better, and only then the requirement of the surface roughness of 0.2 mu m can be finally met. According to the design principle, the processing technology of the spherical crown lining plate is readjusted. The processing technological process, the processing cutting parameters, the equipment parameters and the special turning tool of each working procedure are redesigned.
Example 1
In the embodiment, a seat plate, namely a spherical crown liner plate, in a spherical steel support of a railway bridge is processed, and referring to fig. 1 and 2, the spherical crown liner plate 100 comprises a spherical surface 1 and an end surface 2, a sliding plate groove 3 and a sealing groove 4 are formed in the end surface 2, the sliding plate groove 3 and the sealing groove 4 are concentrically arranged with the end surface 2, and the diameter size of a virtual circle where the sliding plate groove 3 is located is smaller than the diameter size of the virtual circle where the sealing groove 4 is located; the outer side of the end face 2 is provided with a smooth outer cylindrical surface 5; a hoisting process hole 6 is arranged at the center of the end face 2. The processing process flow is as follows: the method comprises the steps of primary clamping, turning an outer circle, turning an end face, turning a sliding plate groove, drilling a sealing groove, drilling a lifting process hole, secondary clamping, turning an outer circle, roughly turning a spherical surface, semi-finely turning the spherical surface, finely turning the spherical surface and plating nickel-phosphorus alloy. The TJQZ-8360-0.1g-5000 middle seat board is used as a sample board for verification, and the specific steps are as follows:
step one, automatic feeding and self-centering clamping, namely centering and tool setting by taking an outer cylindrical surface 5 as a rough positioning reference;
turning an outer cylindrical surface 5 by adopting an outer cylindrical turning tool, wherein phi 444+/-0.8 is ensured, the rotating speed of a main shaft is 45r/min, and the cutting depth is 0.4mm;
turning the end face 2 by adopting an end face turning tool, ensuring that the whole visible light is free from black skin, the rotating speed of a main shaft is 150r/min, and the cutting depth is 0.4mm;
turning a sliding plate groove 3 and a sealing groove 4 by adopting an end surface groove cutter, wherein the depth of the sliding plate groove 3 is 40+0.1, the diameter phi 3800+0.1, the rotating speed of a main shaft is 150r/min, and the cutting depth is 0.4mm; the depth of the sealing groove 4 is 70-0.1, the width is 70+0.3, the rotating speed of the main shaft is 150r/min, and the cutting depth is 0.0.1mm;
fifthly, drilling a hoisting process hole 6, drilling and tapping the center, wherein the M16x1.5 has an effective thread depth of 20mm, the spindle rotation speed of 400r/min and the feeding amount of 0.3mm/r;
step six, secondary clamping, namely taking an outer cylindrical surface 5 as a radial fine positioning reference, taking an end surface 2 as an axial fine positioning reference, aligning a magnetic meter seat and a dial indicator, and aligning and tool setting;
turning an outer cylindrical surface 5 by adopting an outer cylindrical turning tool, keeping phi 444+/-0.8, and enabling the spindle rotation speed to be 45r/min and the cutting depth to be 0.4mm;
step eight, roughly turning a spherical surface 1 by adopting a special turning tool for the spherical surface, turning an arc by adopting a radius SR630 of the spherical surface 1, semifinishing the turning quantity by 1-2mm, and rotating a main shaft at 140r/min, wherein the cutting depth is 0.4mm;
step nine, semi-finish turning the spherical surface 1 by adopting a special turning tool for the spherical surface, turning an arc according to the radius SR630 of the spherical surface 1, finish turning the spherical surface with the allowance of 0.2mm, rotating the spindle at 200r/min and cutting depth of 0.25mm;
step ten, adopting a self-made flexible spherical finishing tool to finish turning the spherical surface 1, ensuring the total height to be 57+/-0.8, ensuring the radius SR 630+/-0.8 of the spherical surface 1, ensuring the surface roughness to be Ra0.2, ensuring the linear speed to be 150r/min, ensuring the cutting depth to be 0.2mm and ensuring the feeding amount to be 0.1mm/r;
and eleventh, carrying out corrosion prevention treatment on the spherical surface, and plating nickel-phosphorus alloy.
After the processing is finished, verifying the processing size precision of the product: and (3) delivering the machined spherical crown lining plate to a full-time inspector for inspection by adopting a three-coordinate measuring instrument, wherein the machining tolerance is within the range of the drawing requirement, and the spherical crown lining plate is qualified.
Verification of surface roughness: the full-time inspector adopts a roughness meter which is verified to be qualified to measure the spherical roughness, the measurement result is shown in the following graph, and the surface roughness value is 0.123 mu m, so that the design requirement is met, and the spherical roughness is qualified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "top", "bottom", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to specific examples, which are provided to facilitate understanding of the method and core ideas of the present invention; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A spherical surface processing technology is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, automatic feeding and self-centering clamping, namely centering and tool setting by taking an outer circle as a rough positioning reference;
turning an outer circle, and setting the required spindle rotating speed, feeding speed and cutting depth;
turning an end face, setting the required spindle rotating speed, feeding speed and cutting depth, and ensuring the whole visible light without black skin;
turning a sliding plate groove and a sealing groove, programming a machining program according to the depth and the diameter of the required sliding plate groove, and setting the rotating speed and the cutting depth of a main shaft; setting the rotating speed, the feeding speed and the cutting depth of the main shaft according to the required depth and width of the seal groove;
step five, drilling a hoisting process hole, drilling and tapping the center, and setting the rotating speed and the feeding amount of the main shaft according to the effective thread depth;
step six, secondary clamping, namely centering and tool setting by taking the outer circle as a radial fine positioning reference and the end face as an axial fine positioning reference;
turning an outer circle, and setting the rotating speed, the feeding speed and the cutting depth of a main shaft;
step eight, roughly turning a spherical surface, and programming a machining program according to the radius of the spherical surface to set semi-finish turning allowance, spindle rotating speed, feeding speed and cutting depth;
step nine, semi-finish turning the sphere, programming a machining program according to the radius of the sphere, and setting finish turning allowance, spindle rotating speed, feeding speed and cutting depth;
step ten, finely turning the spherical surface, and setting a machining linear speed, a feeding speed and a cutting depth according to the required spherical radius and surface roughness; the machining precision of the spherical surface is within +/-0.8 mm, and the surface roughness reaches the level of 0.2 mu m;
step eleven, carrying out corrosion prevention treatment on the spherical surface, and plating nickel-phosphorus alloy;
the processed spherical surface is a spherical crown lining plate, the spherical crown lining plate comprises a spherical surface and an end surface, a sliding plate groove and a sealing groove are formed in the end surface, the sliding plate groove and the sealing groove are arranged concentrically with the end surface, and the diameter size of a virtual circle where the sliding plate groove is located is smaller than the diameter size of the virtual circle where the sealing groove is located; and a smooth outer cylindrical surface is arranged on the outer side of the end face.
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| CN202111115051.5A CN113751970B (en) | 2021-09-23 | 2021-09-23 | Sphere processing technology |
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| CN202111115051.5A CN113751970B (en) | 2021-09-23 | 2021-09-23 | Sphere processing technology |
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| CN113751970B true CN113751970B (en) | 2023-06-09 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP5131738B2 (en) * | 2007-05-24 | 2013-01-30 | オークマ株式会社 | Turning method |
| CN101700613A (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2010-05-05 | 青岛元通汽车法兰有限公司 | Process for processing space ring of double-section drive axle for automobile |
| CN105113390A (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2015-12-02 | 铁道第三勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Weather-proof steel support for bridge |
| CN105256717B (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-11-30 | 天津市市政工程设计研究院 | Track traffic superelevation horizontal force high-durability spherical bearing |
| CN105821262B (en) * | 2016-03-28 | 2018-05-18 | 中国铁道科学研究院铁道建筑研究所 | Bearing is special to slide alloy material, alloy slide construction part and its manufacturing method |
| CN106346026A (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2017-01-25 | 陕西启源科技发展有限责任公司 | Method for turning spherical shaft workpiece through ordinary lathe |
| CN106312091A (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2017-01-11 | 陕西高华知本化工科技有限公司 | Method for machining spherical match body on numerically-controlled lathe |
| CN106425322B (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2018-12-25 | 马鞍山方圆精密机械有限公司 | A kind of concave-convex ball processing method |
| CN108265211B (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2019-11-08 | 中国铁路设计集团有限公司 | The aluminium alloy of high-wearing feature and its spherical crown being prepared and the spherical crown preparation method |
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