CN113751180A - Beneficiation method for complex embedded low-grade copper-sulfur ore - Google Patents
Beneficiation method for complex embedded low-grade copper-sulfur ore Download PDFInfo
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- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
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- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of mineral processing engineering, and particularly relates to a beneficiation method for complex embedded low-grade copper-sulfur ores. The method comprises the following steps: first-stage ore grinding classification → rapid flotation → branch series flow flotation → second-stage regrinding classification → copper concentration procedure → sulfur selection procedure, and finally copper concentrate, sulfur concentrate and tailings are obtained. The low-grade copper-sulfur ore is treated by adopting a combined process of rapid sand setting flotation, overflow branch series flow flotation, rough concentrate regrinding and fine selection and copper tailing activation sulfur separation, the copper recovery rate in the obtained copper concentrate is more than 88%, the silver recovery rate is more than 65%, the gold recovery rate is more than 36%, the sulfur recovery rate in the sulfur concentrate is more than 89%, the flotation index is excellent, and the problem of low comprehensive recovery rate of valuable elements in the low-grade copper-sulfur ore is effectively solved. The beneficiation method provides a new way for efficiently recovering the complex embedded low-grade copper-sulfur ore, and has good economic and social benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mineral processing engineering, and particularly relates to a beneficiation method for complex embedded low-grade copper-sulfur ores.
Background
With the rapid development of industry, the demand of copper metal is gradually increased, copper ores are exploited and utilized in large scale, the copper ores are easy to sort, and high-grade copper ore resources are gradually exhausted, so that people pay attention to the enhancement of the recycling of refractory copper ore resources such as low-grade copper ores with complex embedding characteristics in order to meet the industrial demand. For the flotation separation of the low-grade copper sulfide ore, three processes of preferential flotation, mixed flotation and equal floatable flotation are mainly adopted. For copper-sulfur ores with high pyrite content, a preferential flotation process of high-alkali sulfur-suppression copper flotation is generally adopted industrially, but when the process is adopted to treat low-grade copper-sulfur ores, ideal copper concentrate grade and recovery rate are sometimes difficult to obtain, and the recovery rate of associated noble metals is not high, so that valuable resources are easily lost.
Copper sulfide ores with complex embedding characteristics generally adopt a process flow of ore grinding (rough grinding), flotation and regrinding and fine selection of rough concentrates. Production practice shows that the process flow has good adaptability, but the following defects exist: in the process of grinding, because the useful minerals in the ore have different embedded particle sizes, the ground ore product not only has part of the monomer dissociated coarse-grained useful minerals, but also has intergrowths containing more useful minerals; after the minerals enter the grading equipment at the same time, because most of the metal minerals have high specific gravity, part of useful minerals dissociated by monomers or meeting the grading particle size requirement cannot be timely and effectively overflowed to enter the return sand, and the useful minerals are easily over-ground to the lower limit of the flotation particle size and are difficult to recover, so that the grading index is influenced.
Therefore, the beneficiation process with excellent grading index, low production cost and strong adaptability is developed for copper-sulfur ores with low copper grade and non-uniform embedded particle size, the copper and sulfur elements are efficiently recovered, the associated elements of gold and silver are effectively recovered, the comprehensive utilization rate of resources is improved, and good economic benefit and social benefit are achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a complex embedded low-grade copper-sulfur ore beneficiation method which has the characteristics of simple process flow, strong adaptability, good and stable beneficiation indexes, low production cost and the like.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a beneficiation method for complex embedded low-grade copper-sulfur ores comprises the following steps:
s1) primary grinding classification: adding the crushed raw ore and water into a ball mill according to the weight ratio of 1-3:1, simultaneously adding lime for grinding, and performing classification treatment on ground ore products through a first-stage cyclone to obtain overflow and settled sand;
s2) quick flotation: introducing the settled sand of the first cyclone of S1) into a single-groove quick flotation machine, sequentially adding a collecting agent and a foaming agent for quick flotation to obtain quick-floating concentrate and quick-floating tailings, returning the quick-floating tailings to S1), and treating the quick-floating concentrate in S5);
s3) branch series flow flotation: evenly dividing the overflow of the first cyclone of S1) into a first series and a second series, and respectively carrying out copper open-circuit flotation operation, wherein the two series of flotation operations both comprise two roughing procedures, concentrate obtained in the first roughing procedure enters the first roughing procedure, concentrate obtained in the first roughing procedure in the two roughing procedures and concentrate obtained in the second roughing procedure are combined into copper rough concentrate, and tailings obtained in the two series roughing procedures are combined into copper-selected tailings;
s4) two-stage regrinding and grading: the copper rough concentrate obtained in the step S3) enters a second-stage cyclone for grading treatment, settled sand obtained by grading is fed into a mill, lime is added for regrinding, a regrinding product returns to the second-stage cyclone for grading treatment, and overflow of the second-stage cyclone enters a copper concentration process;
s5) copper refining: merging the overflow of the secondary cyclone of S4) and the fast flotation concentrate obtained by fast flotation of S2) into a copper concentrate obtained after three times of fine concentration and one time of fine scavenging;
s6) sulfur selecting procedure: activating the copper-dressing tailings obtained in the step S3) by pit acid water or sulfuric acid, and then carrying out the procedures of primary roughing, primary fine concentration and primary scavenging to obtain sulfur concentrate and final tailings.
The above-mentioned process sequence must be executed in strict order, and cannot be replaced successively.
Further, the addition amount of lime in the mill in the S1) is 1200-1700 g/t (based on the weight of the dry raw ore, the same applies below), and the pH value of ore pulp of the ore grinding product is 8-9.
Further, the yield of the grade of the screen mesh with the fineness of less than 0.074mm of the overflow of the first-stage cyclone in the S1) is 65-72%, and the yield of the grade of the screen mesh with the fineness of less than 0.074mm of the settled sand of the first-stage cyclone is 8-18%.
Further, the addition amount of the collecting agent in the S2) is 5-10 g/t, and the addition amount of the foaming agent is 2-6 g/t.
Further, in the step S3), 5 to 30g/t of a collector and 0 to 10g/t of a foaming agent are sequentially added in each step of the flotation operation.
Further, the collector preferably adopts one or two of N-allyl-O-isobutyl thiocarbamate and N, N-diethyl dithiocarbamic acid propionitrile ester, and the foaming agent preferably adopts one or two of pinitol oil and methyl isobutyl carbinol.
Further, the specific flotation operation of S3) is:
the flotation operation of the first roughing procedure is as follows: the concentrate obtained in the first roughing procedure enters a two-stage cyclone grading procedure, and the obtained tailings enter a second roughing procedure; the concentrate obtained in the second roughing step enters a two-stage cyclone grading step, and the obtained tailings are copper-dressing tailings;
the flotation operation of the second roughing step is as follows: the concentrate obtained in the first roughing procedure of the second roughing procedure enters the first roughing procedure of the first roughing procedure, and the obtained tailings enter the second roughing procedure of the second roughing procedure; and the concentrate obtained in the second roughing step and the second roughing step enters a two-stage cyclone grading step, and the obtained tailings are copper-dressing tailings.
In the technical scheme, the branch series flow flotation combines and roughens the rough concentrate in the second roughing procedure and the raw ore in the first roughing procedure in series flow, so that the flotation feed grade can be effectively improved, the effects of chemicals and load of series flow branches can be fully exerted, and the consumption of chemicals is reduced; the branch series flow flotation adopts a copper open circuit roughing flow, no middling returns, the flotation environment is good, the problems that slime accumulation and flotation environment deterioration are easily caused by a middling returning closed circuit flow of the traditional process are solved, in addition, the open circuit roughing of copper prolongs the roughing time, and the floating of poor intergrowths with slower flotation rate is facilitated, so that higher copper recovery rate is obtained.
Further, the fineness of the overflow of the secondary cyclone in the S4) is smaller than 0.043mm, and the yield of the fraction of the sieve mesh accounts for 85-95%.
Further, the addition amount of lime in the grinding machine in the S4) is 200-500 g/t, and the pH value of ore pulp of the ground product is 9.5-10.5.
Further, the specific steps of S5) are: merging the overflow of the second-stage cyclone and the fast flotation concentrate obtained by fast flotation, and entering the first fine flotation process, entering the obtained concentrate into the second fine flotation process, and returning the obtained tailings to the second rough flotation process of branch series flow flotation for rough flotation; the concentrate obtained in the second concentration step enters a third concentration step, and the obtained tailings enter a fine scavenging step; selecting the concentrate obtained in the three steps as copper concentrate, and feeding the obtained tailings into a fine scavenging step; and the concentrate obtained in the fine scavenging process is used as copper concentrate, and the obtained tailings are returned to the first roughing process of the second roughing process of branch series flow flotation.
Further, the specific steps of S6) are: activating the copper-selecting tailings obtained in the step S3) by using acid water or sulfuric acid in a pit, adding 80-100 g/t of butyl xanthate and 10-30 g/t of foaming agent to perform a sulfur roughing step under the condition that the pH value of ore pulp is 6.5-7, feeding the concentrate obtained in the sulfur roughing step into a sulfur concentration step, and adding 20-40 g/t of butyl xanthate and 5-15 g/t of foaming agent to the obtained tailings to perform a sulfur scavenging step; returning the concentrate obtained in the sulfur scavenging process to the sulfur roughing process to obtain tailings which are final tailings; the concentrate obtained in the sulfur concentration step is sulfur concentrate, and the obtained tailings are returned to the sulfur roughing step.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. aiming at the complex low-grade inlaid copper-sulfur ore containing about 0.44% of copper, about 10% of sulfur, about 6g/t of silver and about 0.08g/t of gold, the invention adopts a combined process of 'sand setting rapid flotation-overflow branch series flow flotation-rough concentrate regrinding and fine concentration-copper tailing activation sulfur separation' to process the low-grade copper-sulfur ore, the copper recovery rate in the obtained copper concentrate is more than 88%, the silver recovery rate is more than 65%, the gold recovery rate is more than 36%, the sulfur recovery rate in the sulfur concentrate is more than 89%, the flotation index is excellent, and the problem of low comprehensive recovery rate of valuable elements of the low-grade copper-sulfur ore is effectively solved. The beneficiation method provides a new way for efficiently recovering the complex embedded low-grade copper-sulfur ore, and has good economic and social benefits.
2. The method has the advantages that the useful minerals with high floating rate are collected early by preferentially recovering the useful minerals with the granularity meeting the requirements or dissociated in the single bodies in the ore grinding grading loop by adopting the rapid flotation process, the over-grinding and mud-forming phenomena of the useful minerals in the ore grinding process can be effectively avoided, meanwhile, the useful minerals dissociated in the single bodies can be rapidly floated to directly obtain rough concentrates with higher grade, qualified concentrates can be obtained by directly concentrating without regrinding treatment, and the flotation efficiency is obviously improved.
3. The adoption of the branch series flow flotation process can effectively improve the flotation grade, improve the mineral composition, the ion composition and the foam structure of the ore pulp and improve the ore dressing recovery rate. The rough concentrate of one branch and the raw ore of the other branch are combined in series flow, so that the medicament and load functions of the series flow branches are fully exerted, and the medicament consumption is reduced. In addition, the branch series flow flotation process adopts a copper open-circuit roughing flow, no middling returns, the flotation environment is good, and the problems that slime accumulation and the flotation environment deterioration are easily caused by the middling sequential return closed-circuit flow of the traditional process are solved.
4. The method is characterized in that both the rapid sand setting flotation and the overflow branch series flow flotation realize the preferential flotation of copper minerals under the condition of low alkalinity of the pH value of ore pulp of 8-9, and belongs to a low alkalinity copper separation process. Compared with the traditional high-alkalinity copper separation process (the pH value of ore pulp is generally more than 11), the low-alkalinity copper separation process has less inhibition effect on pyrite and associated noble metals, is beneficial to the comprehensive recovery of the associated noble metals, and creates favorable conditions for the subsequent flotation of high-quality sulfur concentrate.
5. According to the invention, the copper-selecting collecting agent adopts one or two of N-allyl-O-isobutyl thiocarbamate and N, N-diethyl dithiocarbamate propionitrile ester, has the characteristics of strong collecting force, good selectivity, small using amount, wide application range and the like on copper minerals, and is more suitable for improving the beneficiation indexes of copper, gold and silver compared with the traditional Z-200 collecting agent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a complex low-grade copper-sulfur ore beneficiation method according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a complex mineral separation method for low-grade copper-sulfur ores embedded in the ore according to embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
FIG. 1 shows a complex low-grade copper-sulfur ore beneficiation method according to the present invention; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1) primary grinding classification: adding the crushed raw ore and water into a ball mill according to a weight ratio of 1-3:1, and simultaneously adding 1200-1700 g/t of lime to grind, wherein the pH value of ore pulp of the ground ore product is 8-9, the ground ore product is subjected to classification treatment by a first-stage cyclone to obtain overflow and settled sand, wherein the yield of the grade of the sieve with the overflow fineness of the first-stage cyclone being less than 0.074mm accounts for 65-72%, and the yield of the grade of the sieve with the settled sand with the fineness of the first-stage cyclone being less than 0.074mm accounts for 8-18%;
s2) quick flotation: introducing settled sand of the first-stage cyclone into a single-tank quick flotation machine, sequentially adding 5-10 g/t of collecting agent and 2-6 g/t of foaming agent for quick flotation for 2-3 min, obtaining quick-floating concentrate and quick-floating tailings by flotation, returning the quick-floating tailings to the first-stage grinding treatment, and performing copper concentration on the quick-floating concentrate;
s3) branch series flow flotation: the overflow of a first cyclone is averagely divided into a first series and a second series which are respectively subjected to copper open-circuit flotation operation, the two series of flotation operations comprise two roughing procedures, wherein concentrate obtained in the first roughing procedure enters a first roughing procedure, the concentrate obtained in the first roughing procedure in the two roughing procedures is combined with concentrate obtained in the second roughing procedure in the two roughing procedures to form copper rough concentrate, and tailings obtained in the two series of roughing procedures are combined to form copper-selected tailings;
in the branch series flow flotation, 5-30 g/t of collecting agent and 0-10 g/t of foaming agent are sequentially added in each process when the flotation operation is carried out.
The branch series flow flotation combines the rough concentrate of the second roughing procedure and the raw ore of the first roughing procedure in series flow for roughing, so that the flotation grade of the first roughing procedure can be effectively improved, the copper grade is improved from 0.4% to 0.6%, the medicament and load functions of series flow branches are fully exerted, and the consumption of the collecting agent can be reduced by 20%. In addition, the branch series flow flotation adopts a copper open-circuit roughing flow, no middlings return, the flotation environment is good, and the problems that the middlings return to the closed-circuit flow in sequence in the traditional process easily causes slime accumulation and the flotation environment is deteriorated are solved.
Preferably, 10-20 g/t of collecting agent and 5-10 g/t of foaming agent are added in the first rough separation process in the branch series flow flotation, and 5-15 g/t of collecting agent is added in the second rough separation process; and in the second rough concentration procedure, 10-30 g/t of collecting agent and 5-10 g/t of foaming agent are added in the first rough concentration procedure, and 5-15 g/t of collecting agent is added in the second rough concentration procedure.
S4) two-stage regrinding and grading: the copper rough concentrate obtained in the step S3) enters a second-stage cyclone for classification treatment, settled sand obtained by classification is fed into a mill, lime is added at the same time for regrinding, the pH value of ore pulp of regrinding products is 9.5-10.5, the regrinding products return to the second-stage cyclone for classification treatment, overflow of the second-stage cyclone enters a copper selection process, and the yield of the grade of the screen mesh with the overflow fineness of less than 0.043mm of the second-stage cyclone accounts for 85-95%;
s5) copper refining: merging the overflow of the second-stage cyclone and the fast flotation concentrate obtained by fast flotation, and entering the first fine flotation process, entering the obtained concentrate into the second fine flotation process, and returning the obtained tailings to the second rough flotation process of branch series flow flotation for rough flotation; the concentrate obtained in the second concentration step enters a third concentration step, and the obtained tailings enter a fine scavenging step; selecting the concentrate obtained in the three steps as copper concentrate, and feeding the obtained tailings into a fine scavenging step; and the concentrate obtained in the fine scavenging process is used as copper concentrate, and the obtained tailings are returned to the first roughing process of the second roughing process of branch series flow flotation.
The open-circuit concentration process is adopted in the copper concentration process, the return of middlings is reduced, the flotation environment is good, the problems that the middlings are returned sequentially and the closed-circuit process of the traditional process easily causes slime accumulation and flotation environment deterioration are solved, and the open-circuit copper concentration process is favorable for obtaining high-quality copper concentrates.
S6) sulfur selecting procedure: activating the copper-selecting tailings obtained in the step S3) by using acid water or sulfuric acid in a pit, adding 80-100 g/t of butyl xanthate and 10-30 g/t of foaming agent to perform a sulfur roughing step under the condition that the pH value of ore pulp is 6.5-7, feeding the concentrate obtained in the sulfur roughing step into a sulfur concentration step, and adding 20-40 g/t of butyl xanthate and 5-15 g/t of foaming agent to the obtained tailings to perform a sulfur scavenging step; returning the concentrate obtained in the sulfur scavenging process to the sulfur roughing process to obtain tailings which are final tailings; the concentrate obtained in the sulfur concentration step is sulfur concentrate, and the obtained tailings are returned to the sulfur roughing step.
The collecting agent preferably adopts one or two of N-allyl-O-isobutyl thiocarbamate and N, N-diethyl dithiocarbamic acid propionitrile ester, and the foaming agent preferably adopts one or two of pinitol oil and methyl isobutyl carbinol.
Example 1:
the copper-sulfur ore of the embodiment contains 0.48 percent of Cu, 9.78 percent of S, 0.08g/t of Au and 6.38g/t of Ag, belongs to low-copper high-sulfur ore, has the copper oxidation rate of 4.8 percent, and is mined from a certain large copper mine at the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river. The copper minerals in the ore mainly comprise chalcopyrite and a small amount of bornite; the granularity of the chalcopyrite is greatly different and is generally between 0.04 and 0.8mm, part of coarse grains can be more than 1.0mm, and the small amount of fine grains can be less than 0.02 mm; the chalcopyrite is mainly embedded in the gangue in a dip-dyed form and is closely embedded with minerals such as pyrite, pyrrhotite and the like. As shown in fig. 2, the specific steps of this embodiment are:
(1) first-stage grinding and grading: adding the crushed raw ore and water into a ball mill according to the weight ratio of 2:1, and simultaneously adding 1500g/t of lime for grinding, wherein the pH value of ore pulp of the ground ore product is 8.5, and the ground ore product is subjected to classification treatment by a first-stage cyclone to obtain overflow and settled sand, wherein the yield of the grade of the sieve with the fineness of less than 0.074mm of the overflow of the first-stage cyclone accounts for 65%, and the yield of the grade of the sieve with the fineness of less than 0.074mm of the settled sand of the first-stage cyclone accounts for 12%.
(2) Quick flotation: and introducing the settled sand of the first stage cyclone into a single-tank quick flotation machine, sequentially adding 5g/t of N-allyl-O-isobutyl thiocarbamate and 3g/t of terpineol for quick flotation for 2min to obtain quick-floating concentrate and quick-floating tailings, returning the quick-floating tailings to the first stage of grinding treatment, and feeding the quick-floating concentrate into a copper concentration process.
(3) Branch series flow flotation: averagely dividing overflow of a first cyclone into a first series and a second series, and respectively carrying out copper open circuit flotation operation, wherein the two series of flotation operations comprise two times of roughing procedures, wherein 20g/t of N-allyl-O-isobutyl thiocarbamate and 5g/t of pine oil are added in the first roughing procedure, and 10g/t of N-allyl-O-isobutyl thiocarbamate is added in the second roughing procedure; in the second roughing procedure, 25g/t of N-allyl-O-isobutyl thiocarbamate and 5g/t of pine oil are added in the first roughing procedure, and 10g/t of N-allyl-O-isobutyl thiocarbamate is added in the second roughing procedure. The concentrate obtained in the first roughing procedure of the second roughing procedure enters the first roughing procedure of the first roughing procedure; concentrate obtained in the two roughing procedures of the first roughing procedure and concentrate obtained in the two roughing procedures of the second roughing procedure are combined into copper rough concentrate, and tailings obtained in the two series of roughing procedures are combined into copper-selected tailings.
(4) Second-stage regrinding and grading: and (3) feeding the copper rough concentrate obtained in the step (S3) into a second-stage cyclone for classification treatment, feeding settled sand obtained by classification into a mill, adding lime 400g/t for regrinding, wherein the pH value of ore pulp of regrinding products is 10, returning the regrinding products to the second-stage cyclone for classification treatment, and feeding overflow of the second-stage cyclone into a copper concentration process, wherein the yield of the grade of the overflow of the second-stage cyclone is 85% of the grade of a screen mesh with the fineness of less than 0.043 mm.
(5) Copper fine selection procedure: merging the overflow of the second-stage cyclone and the fast flotation concentrate obtained by fast flotation, and entering the first fine flotation process, entering the obtained concentrate into the second fine flotation process, and returning the obtained tailings to the second rough flotation process of branch series flow flotation for rough flotation; the concentrate obtained in the second concentration step enters a third concentration step, and the obtained tailings enter a fine scavenging step; selecting the concentrate obtained in the three steps as copper concentrate, and feeding the obtained tailings into a fine scavenging step; and the concentrate obtained in the fine scavenging process is used as copper concentrate, and the obtained tailings are returned to the first roughing process of the second roughing process of branch series flow flotation. Wherein, no medicament is added in the first selection process and the fine scavenging process, 200g/t lime is added in the second selection process, and 100g/t lime is added in the third selection process.
(6) A sulfur selecting procedure: activating the copper-selecting tailings obtained in the step S3) by using acid water or sulfuric acid in a pit, adding 90g/t of butyl xanthate and 20g/t of pine oil to perform a sulfur roughing step under the condition that the pH value of ore pulp is 6.5-7, feeding the concentrate obtained in the sulfur roughing step into a sulfur concentration step, and adding 30g/t of butyl xanthate and 5g/t of pine oil to the obtained tailings to perform a sulfur scavenging step; returning the concentrate obtained in the sulfur scavenging process to the sulfur roughing process to obtain tailings which are final tailings; the concentrate obtained in the sulfur concentration step is sulfur concentrate, and the obtained tailings are returned to the sulfur roughing step.
Example 1 the results of the test are shown in table 1.
Table 1 example 1 test results
Example 2:
the copper-sulfur ore of the embodiment contains 0.44% of Cu, 10.10% of S, 0.08g/t of Au and 6.08g/t of Ag, the oxidation rate of copper in the ore is 5.5%, and the ore is collected from a large copper mine in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river. The copper minerals in the ores are mainly chalcopyrite; the granularity of the chalcopyrite is greatly different and is generally between 0.03 and 0.8mm, part of coarse grains can reach more than 1.0mm, and the small amount of fine grains can be below 0.02 mm; the chalcopyrite is embedded in gangue in a dip-dyed shape and is closely embedded with minerals such as pyrite, pyrrhotite and the like. As shown in fig. 2, the specific steps of this embodiment are:
(1) first-stage grinding and grading: adding the crushed raw ore and water into a ball mill according to the weight ratio of 2:1, and simultaneously adding 1700g/t of lime for grinding, wherein the pH value of ore pulp of the ground ore product is 9, and the ground ore product is subjected to classification treatment by a first-stage cyclone to obtain overflow and settled sand, wherein the yield of the grade of the sieve with the fineness of less than 0.074mm of the overflow of the first-stage cyclone accounts for 70%, and the yield of the grade of the sieve with the fineness of less than 0.074mm of the settled sand of the first-stage cyclone accounts for 15%.
(2) Quick flotation: and (2) introducing the settled sand of the first-stage cyclone into a single-tank quick flotation machine, sequentially adding 5g/t of N, N-diethyl dithiocarbamate propionitrile ester and 5g/t of pine oil for quick flotation for 2min, obtaining quick-floating concentrate and quick-floating tailings by flotation, returning the quick-floating tailings to the first-stage ore grinding treatment, and feeding the quick-floating concentrate into a copper concentration process.
(3) Branch series flow flotation: evenly dividing overflow of a first cyclone into a first series and a second series, and respectively carrying out copper open circuit flotation operation, wherein the two series of flotation operations comprise two times of roughing procedures, 18g/t of N, N-diethyl dithiocarbamate propionitrile ester and 10g/t of pine oil are added in the first roughing procedure, and 12g/t of N, N-diethyl dithiocarbamate propionitrile ester is added in the second roughing procedure; in the second roughing procedure, 24g/t of N, N-diethyl dithiocarbamate propionitrile ester and 10g/t of pinitol oil are added in the first roughing procedure, and 12g/t of N, N-diethyl dithiocarbamate propionitrile ester is added in the second roughing procedure. The concentrate obtained in the first roughing procedure of the second roughing procedure enters the first roughing procedure of the first roughing procedure; concentrate obtained in the two roughing procedures of the first roughing procedure and concentrate obtained in the two roughing procedures of the second roughing procedure are combined into copper rough concentrate, and tailings obtained in the two series of roughing procedures are combined into copper-selected tailings.
(4) Second-stage regrinding and grading: and (3) feeding the copper rough concentrate obtained in the step (S3) into a second-stage cyclone for classification treatment, feeding settled sand obtained by classification into a mill, adding 500g/t of lime for regrinding, wherein the pH value of ore pulp of regrinding products is 10.5, returning the regrinding products to the second-stage cyclone for classification treatment, and feeding overflow of the second-stage cyclone into a copper selection process, wherein the yield of the grade of the overflow of the second-stage cyclone is 90% of that of a screen mesh with the fineness of less than 0.043 mm.
(5) Copper fine selection procedure: merging the overflow of the second-stage cyclone and the fast flotation concentrate obtained by fast flotation, and entering the first fine flotation process, entering the obtained concentrate into the second fine flotation process, and returning the obtained tailings to the second rough flotation process of branch series flow flotation for rough flotation; the concentrate obtained in the second concentration step enters a third concentration step, and the obtained tailings enter a fine scavenging step; selecting the concentrate obtained in the three steps as copper concentrate, and feeding the obtained tailings into a fine scavenging step; and the concentrate obtained in the fine scavenging process is used as copper concentrate, and the obtained tailings are returned to the first roughing process of the second roughing process of branch series flow flotation. Wherein, no medicament is added in the first selection process and the fine scavenging process, 200g/t lime is added in the second selection process, and 100g/t lime is added in the third selection process.
(6) A sulfur selecting procedure: activating the copper-selecting tailings obtained in the step S3) by using acid water or sulfuric acid in a pit, adding 100g/t of butyl xanthate and 25g/t of pine oil to perform a sulfur roughing step under the condition that the pH value of ore pulp is 6.5-7, feeding the concentrate obtained in the sulfur roughing step into a sulfur concentration step, and adding 30g/t of butyl xanthate and 5g/t of pine oil to the obtained tailings to perform a sulfur scavenging step; returning the concentrate obtained in the sulfur scavenging process to the sulfur roughing process to obtain tailings which are final tailings; the concentrate obtained in the sulfur concentration step is sulfur concentrate, and the obtained tailings are returned to the sulfur roughing step.
Example 2 the test results are shown in table 2.
Table 2 example 2 test results
The above examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to all of the embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A beneficiation method for complex embedded low-grade copper-sulfur ores; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1) primary grinding classification: adding the crushed raw ore and water into a ball mill according to the weight ratio of 1-3:1, simultaneously adding lime for grinding, and performing classification treatment on ground ore products through a first-stage cyclone to obtain overflow and settled sand;
s2) quick flotation: introducing the settled sand of the first cyclone of S1) into a single-groove quick flotation machine, sequentially adding a collecting agent and a foaming agent for quick flotation to obtain quick-floating concentrate and quick-floating tailings, returning the quick-floating tailings to S1), and treating the quick-floating concentrate in S5);
s3) branch series flow flotation: processing overflow of the first cyclone of S1) by branch series flow flotation, merging concentrates obtained after processing into copper rough concentrates, and merging obtained tailings into copper-selecting tailings;
s4) two-stage regrinding and grading: the copper rough concentrate obtained in the step S3) enters a second-stage cyclone for grading treatment, settled sand obtained by grading is fed into a ball mill, lime is added for regrinding, a regrinding product returns to the second-stage cyclone for grading treatment, and overflow of the second-stage cyclone enters a copper concentration process;
s5) copper refining: merging the overflow of the secondary cyclone of S4) and the fast flotation concentrate obtained by fast flotation of S2) into a copper concentrate obtained after three times of fine concentration and one time of fine scavenging;
s6) sulfur selecting procedure: activating the copper-dressing tailings obtained in the step S3) by pit acid water or sulfuric acid, and then carrying out the procedures of primary roughing, primary fine concentration and primary scavenging to obtain sulfur concentrate and final tailings.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the addition amount of lime in the mill in S1) is 1200-1700 g/t, and the pH value of ore pulp of the ore grinding product is 8-9.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fineness of the overflow of the first cyclone in S1) is 65-72% of the yield of the fraction of the sieve with the size smaller than 0.074mm, and the fineness of the sand setting of the first cyclone is 8-18% of the yield of the fraction of the sieve with the size smaller than 0.074 mm.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the branch stream flotation in S3) is a copper open roughing flow.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the copper open-circuit roughing flow comprises the following specific operations:
s3.1) evenly dividing the overflow ore pulp into two ore pulps,
s3.2) the two ore pulps are simultaneously treated by a first roughing procedure and a second roughing procedure respectively, wherein the first roughing procedure and the second roughing procedure comprise a first roughing procedure and a second roughing procedure, and collecting agents and/or foaming agents are required to be added in the first roughing procedure and the second roughing procedure respectively;
the first roughing procedure specifically comprises the following steps: the concentrate obtained in the first roughing step of the first roughing step enters a two-stage cyclone grading step, and the obtained tailings enter a second roughing step of the first roughing step; the concentrate obtained in the second roughing step of the first roughing step enters a two-stage cyclone classification step in S4), and the obtained tailings are copper-dressing tailings;
the second roughing procedure specifically comprises the following steps: the concentrate obtained in the first roughing step of the second roughing step enters the first roughing step of the first roughing step, and the obtained tailings enter the second roughing step of the second roughing step; and the concentrate obtained in the second roughing step of the second roughing step enters a two-stage cyclone classification step in S4), and the obtained tailings are copper-dressing tailings.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the addition amount of the collector in S2) is 5-10 g/t, and the addition amount of the foaming agent is 2-6 g/t;
and (3) performing branch series flow flotation in the S3), wherein 5-30 g/t of collecting agent and 0-10 g/t of foaming agent are sequentially added in each step during the flotation operation.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the collector adopts one or two of N-allyl-O-isobutyl thiocarbamate, N-diethyl dithiocarbamic acid propionitrile ester, and the foaming agent adopts one or two of pinitol oil and methyl isobutyl carbinol.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fineness of the overflow of the secondary cyclone in S4) is less than 0.043mm, and the yield of the sieve fraction is 85-95%.
9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the lime is added into the mill in S4) at an amount of 200-500 g/t, and the pH value of the ore pulp of the ore grinding product is 9.5-10.5.
10. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the specific flotation operation of the copper concentration process in S5) is as follows:
s5.1) merging overflow obtained by the secondary cyclone of S4) and fast flotation concentrate obtained by fast flotation of S2) and entering a first concentration process, entering the obtained concentrate into a second concentration process, and returning obtained tailings to the first roughing process of the second roughing process of branch series flow flotation;
s5.2) the concentrate obtained in the second concentration step enters a third concentration step, and the obtained tailings enter a fine scavenging step; selecting the concentrate obtained in the three steps as copper concentrate, and feeding the obtained tailings into a fine scavenging step;
s5.3) using the concentrate obtained by the tailings through the fine scavenging process as copper concentrate, and returning the obtained tailings to the first rough concentration process of the second rough concentration process of branch series flow flotation.
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