CN113749129A - 空气清新剂兼驱虫液及其制备方法 - Google Patents
空气清新剂兼驱虫液及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113749129A CN113749129A CN202010498720.0A CN202010498720A CN113749129A CN 113749129 A CN113749129 A CN 113749129A CN 202010498720 A CN202010498720 A CN 202010498720A CN 113749129 A CN113749129 A CN 113749129A
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- leaf oil
- oil
- parts
- air freshener
- insect repellent
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种空气清新剂兼驱虫液及其制备方法，所述空气清新剂兼驱虫液包括以下体积份的原料：艾叶油1‑3份、香樟叶油2‑8份、菖蒲叶油0.5‑2份、薄荷叶油0.5‑2份。所述制备方法为将所述艾叶油、香樟叶油、菖蒲叶油、薄荷叶油按上述体积份混合均匀，在使用时通过加热器加热挥发使用。本发明提供的空气清新剂兼驱虫液通过将多种天然植物挥发油进行复方配制而成，各组分混合使用达到协同增效的效果，驱蚊活性高，同时还具有芳香醒脑、明目正气的作用，该空气清新剂兼驱虫液无毒无害、适用面广、经济适用性高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及害虫防控技术领域，尤其涉及一种可以清新空气的驱虫液及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前市面上的驱蚊产品种类繁多，例如蚊香、电加热等，还有一些气味剂如空气清新剂等，这些产品中的主要活性成分包括拟除虫菊酯等化学物质，此外液体驱虫产品还会加入氯仿、苯、乙醚等作为溶剂。经研究表明：拟除虫菊酯具有杀虫谱广、高效、低毒、低残留等优点，少量拟除虫菊酯进入人体，可随身体的新陈代谢而排出体外，但大量进入人体将导致中毒。拟除虫菊酯影响Na+通道，也作用于中枢神经系统谷氨酸和氨基丁酸递质信号系统，直接作用于神经系统的酶，影响神经系统的能量代谢，影响神经系统发育，体外实验发现有可能引起神经退行性变。其不仅具有神经毒性、细胞毒性、基因毒性及遗传毒性、生殖毒性、生长发育毒性、代谢毒性，而且还有致癌风险。
众所周知，幼童皮肤代谢旺盛，吸收快且免疫力差，长期使用诸如此类含具有副作用成分的驱蚊产品或空气净化产品可能会给幼童的皮肤、呼吸道等造成刺激，甚至会使幼童发生精神不济、头疼哭闹的现象，非常不利于儿童的生长发育。即使是成年人，长期在密闭的空间中使用此类电热蚊香液，也会对呼吸系统造成伤害，而且还易使过敏体质者发生皮肤瘙痒、喘鸣、呼吸困难等症状，对孕妇而言，更加需要谨慎使用。
目前，虽然市面上推出一些采用天然成分制备而成的驱蚊产品，可以减轻对人体的副作用，适用于儿童甚至孕妇，但是存在驱蚊效果不佳的问题，且不兼具清新空气的作用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中所述的缺陷，从而提供一种空气清新剂兼驱虫液及其制备方法，该驱虫产品可有效降低对人体的危害，尤其不会对婴幼儿和孕妇产生不良作用，驱虫效果好，可长期使用，并清新空气。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种空气清新剂兼驱虫液，包括以下体积份的原料：
艾叶油1-3份、香樟叶油2-8份、菖蒲叶油0.5-2份、薄荷叶油0.5-2份。
作为一种可实施的方式，一种空气清新剂兼驱虫液，包括以下体积份的原料：
艾叶油2份、艾叶油6份、菖蒲叶油1份、薄荷叶油1份。
本发明的空气清新剂兼驱虫液主要包括由植物提取成分艾叶油、香樟叶油、菖蒲叶油和薄荷叶油，其中薄荷叶油可以驱避害虫、抗菌防腐、抵御病虫害的侵扰；艾叶油抗菌谱广、抗菌活性强，经熏蒸、普通喷雾喷洒或者气溶胶喷雾机喷雾均能对室内空气进行消毒，产生抑菌效果；菖蒲叶油可以解毒疗疮、攻毒杀虫；香樟叶油具有诱人的香气，能直接涂抹肌肤，也能供人类服用，能消炎杀菌并能快速解毒；
由以上四种天然植物萃取成分组合而成的空气清新剂兼驱虫液的药理为：首先通过薄荷叶油驱逐蚊虫，其次通过艾叶油抗菌消毒，当使用者被蚊虫叮咬之后，挥发的菖蒲叶油和香樟叶油可以直接被肌肤吸收，起到消炎杀菌、解毒疗疮的作用；除此之外，本品在使用的时候，挥发的艾叶油对支气管哮喘和哮喘型慢性支气管炎还具有一定的治疗效果，其成分中的蒲品烯醇-4(Terpinenol-4)与α-萜品烯醇(α-Terpineol)能直接松弛气管平滑肌，抑制致敏肺组织释放过敏的慢反应物质(SRS-A)；而香樟叶油和薄荷叶油中均含有芳香的挥发气体，薄荷叶油疏散风热、清利头目、理气解郁，味道闻起来十分提神醒脑，在闷热的夏日使用，能刺激皮肤神经末梢感受器，起到消暑和清新空气的作用；
最后本申请的将艾叶油、艾叶油、菖蒲叶油和薄荷叶油按上述体积份配伍使用，可以通过薄荷叶油和香樟叶油的芳香气味抵消艾叶油的强烈味道，同时各组分中的有效成分相互作用，还起到了稳定香樟叶油和艾叶油中有效成分的作用，驱虫抑菌性能长效持久。
作为一种可实施的方法，所述艾叶油、香樟叶油、菖蒲叶油、薄荷叶油的提取方法均为采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取。
采用水蒸气蒸馏法获得的香樟叶油含挥发油2-3.7％；其中1,8-桉叶素含量约60％、樟脑0.75％，其他成分有柠檬醛、癸醛、α-蒎烯、莰烯、α-松油烯、对-聚伞花素、芳樟醇、α-松油醇及苄系倍半萜。
本申请中的艾叶油主要成分包括单萜类、倍半萜类及其衍生物，其中以1,8-桉叶素、松油醇、斯巴醇、石竹烯氧化物、杜松樟脑为主，约占总量的40％，龙脑、母菊兰烯、樟脑约占总量的10％，桉精油(1,8-桉叶素)不少于0.050％。
一种制备所述空气清新剂兼驱虫液的方法，包括将所述艾叶油、香樟叶油、菖蒲叶油和薄荷叶油按所述重量份混合而成。
《本草纲目》记载：艾叶无毒、苦、微温，可温气血、逐寒湿。其中，艾叶油提取自菊科植物艾的干燥叶或鲜叶，艾叶油的成分主要包括单萜类、倍半萜类及其衍生物，其抗菌谱广、抗菌活性强，可以作为一种抗细菌、真菌或病毒的中药消毒剂，艾叶油经熏蒸、普通喷雾喷洒或者气溶胶喷雾机喷雾均能对室内空气进行消毒，产生抑菌效果，但艾叶油味道强烈、有效成分不稳定、贮藏不便。艾叶油还能直接松弛气管平滑肌，对抗原、乙酰胆碱和组胺诱发的气管平滑肌痉挛和哮喘均有保护作用；还具有抗过敏作用，可抑制致敏肺组织释放过敏的慢反应物质(SRS-A)，并能拮抗SRS-A和5-羟色胺的作用。亦具有一定的祛痰、镇咳作用。对心脏无兴奋作用。用于支气管哮喘和哮喘型慢性支气管炎。
菖蒲叶油提取自菖蒲叶，菖蒲叶(拉丁名:Acorus gramineus Soland)是天南星科植物石菖蒲的叶，菖蒲叶无毒、辛、温，可驱散热毒、疗疮、杀虫。主治疮疥、麻风、黄水疮。菖蒲叶油含挥发油0.25％，其中主要成分为β-细辛醚(β-Asarone)73.4％、细辛醚(Asarone)13.7％、石竹烯(Caryophyllene)4.0％、α-葎草烯(α-Humulene)2.0％和石菖醚(Sekishone，1-烯丙基-2，4，5-三甲氧基苯)等。台湾产的本品鲜叶中含油0.5％，其主要成分为甲基胡椒酚(Methylcbavicol)93.6％和α-芹子烯(α-Selinene)2.0％。攻毒杀虫止痒，解毒疗疮、杀虫，治疮疥、麻风、黄水疮。
香樟叶油是从植物香樟树的叶子中提取出的植物精油，香樟叶无毒、辛、温，可祛风除湿；香樟叶油含有桉叶素、黄樟素、芳樟醇、萜烯等，其具有特殊清香，不仅能防虫驱蚊外，还具有愈合伤口、除臭等功能，且可以直接涂抹肌肤，也能供人类服用，香樟叶油保留了香樟叶子中的植物精华具有很强的解毒能力，是一种纯天然制品，对蚊类等卫生害虫具有一定驱避作用，并可抑制霉菌的生长，可消炎杀菌，也能快速解毒。
薄荷叶油提取自芳香植物薄荷叶，薄荷叶无毒、辛、温，可疏风散热；薄荷叶油含有天然香气成分，清香升散；具有疏风散热，清头目的功效，可以驱避害虫、抗菌防腐、抵御病虫害的侵扰，具有高效、低毒、低残留、对非靶标生物及环境安全、对靶标生物不易产生抗药性的优点；薄荷叶抗菌、消炎，有清凉、止痒、消炎、止痛的功效；薄荷叶所含的8种儿茶萘酚酸是有效的抗炎剂；薄荷叶醇能刺激皮肤神经末梢感受器，产生凉的感觉；薄荷叶油有健胃作用，对实验性胃溃疡有治疗作用，有较强的利胆作用，还有保肝作用。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明提供的空气清新剂兼驱虫液主要包括由植物挥发油艾叶油、香樟叶油、菖蒲叶油和薄荷叶油配比而成，薄荷叶油可以驱逐蚊虫，艾叶油抗菌消毒，当使用者被蚊虫叮咬之后，菖蒲叶油和香樟叶油经加热挥发或喷洒时可以直接被肌肤吸收，起到消炎杀菌、解毒疗疮的作用；且香樟叶油和薄荷叶油中均含有芳香的挥发气体，薄荷叶油疏散风热、清利头目、理气解郁，味道闻起来十分提神醒脑，在闷热的夏日使用，能刺激皮肤神经末梢感受器，起到消暑和清新空气的作用；最后本申请的将艾叶油、艾叶油、菖蒲叶油和薄荷叶油按上述重量份配伍使用，可以通过薄荷叶油和香樟叶油的芳香气味抵消艾叶油的强烈味道，同时各组分中的有效成分相互作用，还起到了稳定香樟叶油和艾叶油中有效成分的作用，本发明的天然植物萃取成分适用于宝宝、孕妇等敏感性人群，不仅能使使用者免受蚊虫的滋扰，同时也不会刺激宝宝等幼嫩的肌肤，温和自然，且驱虫抑菌性能长效持久，感官清新。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。此外，下面所描述的本发明不同实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互结合，需要说明的是，下述实施例中，若无特别说明1体积份代指1ml。
名词解释：水蒸气蒸馏法是指将含挥发性成分药材的粗粉或碎片，浸泡湿润后，直火加热蒸馏或通入水蒸汽蒸馏，也可在多能式中药提取罐中对药材边煎煮边蒸馏，药材中的挥发性成分随水蒸气蒸馏而带出，经冷凝后收集馏出液，一般需再蒸馏1次，以提高馏出液的纯度和浓度，最后收集一定体积的蒸馏液；但蒸馏次数不宜过多，以免挥发油中某些成分氧化或分解。
水蒸气蒸馏法只适用于具有挥发性的，能随水蒸气蒸馏而不被破坏，与水不发生反应，且难溶或不溶于水的成分的提取。此类成分的沸点多在100℃以上，与水不相混溶或仅微溶，并在100℃左右有一定的蒸气压。当与水在一起加热时，其蒸气压和水的蒸气压总和为一个大气压时，液体就开始沸腾，水蒸气将挥发性物质一并带出。例如中草药中的挥发油，某些小分子生物碱一麻黄碱、萧碱、槟榔碱，以及某些小分子的酚性物质。牡丹酚(paeonol)等，都可应用本法提取。有些挥发性成分在水中的溶解度稍大些，常将蒸馏液重新蒸馏，在最先蒸馏出的部分，分出挥发油层，或在蒸馏液水层经盐析法并用低沸点溶剂将成分提取出来。
实施例1
本发明提供了一种空气清新剂兼驱虫液，包括以下体积份的原料：
艾叶油2份、香樟叶油6份、菖蒲叶油1份、薄荷叶油1份。
其中，艾叶油、香樟叶油、菖蒲叶油、薄荷叶油的提取方法均为采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取，空气清新剂兼驱虫液的制备方法为将艾叶油、香樟叶油、菖蒲叶油、薄荷叶油按上述比例混合均匀。
本发明的空气清新剂兼驱虫液主要用于室内消毒及驱蚊、驱虫，在使用的时候建议加热使用，挥发出的气体气味清新，也可以作为空气清新剂兼驱虫液使用，在使用时，保持空间用量大约为120ml/100m2，以获取良好的驱蚊效果。
实施例2
与实施例1不同的是，本实施例中空气清新剂兼驱虫液包括以下体积份的组分：
艾叶油3份、香樟叶油2份、菖蒲叶油2份、薄荷叶油0.5份。
实施例3
与实施例1不同的是，本实施例中空气清新剂兼驱虫液包括以下体积份的组分：
艾叶油1份、香樟叶油8份、菖蒲叶油0.5份、薄荷叶油2份。
实施例4
与实施例1不同的是，本实施例中空气清新剂兼驱虫液包括以下体积份的组分：
艾叶油1份、香樟叶油1份、菖蒲叶油1份、薄荷叶油1份。
对比例1
空气清新剂兼驱虫液仅包括实施例1中所制得的艾叶油。
对比例2
空气清新剂兼驱虫液仅包括实施例1中所制得的薄荷叶油。
对比例3
空气清新剂兼驱虫液仅包括实施例1中所制得的石菖蒲油。
对比例4
空气清新剂兼驱虫液仅包括实施例1中所制得的香樟叶油。
对比分析
下面采用“Y”型嗅觉仪测定植物挥发油对白纹伊蚊雌成虫的驱避活性。其中，所用到的测定系统由“Y”型管、干燥塔、真空抽气泵、水塔、样品室和无味硅胶管构成。
测定条件：在室温25±1℃、相对湿度50-70％、光照强度120Lux条件下，外界空气经由干燥塔内的活性炭吸附净化后，进入水塔湿润，随后进入样品测定室，通过“Y”型管的臂管进入主管，气体流速为总管160ml/min，最后经过硅胶管排出室外。
测定方法：当“Y”型嗅觉仪装备安装完毕后，用微量进样器吸取固定量对比例1-7以及实施例1中固定量的空气清新剂兼驱虫液于滤纸条上，放入一侧样品室内，另一侧样品室放不加精油相同大小的滤纸条作对照，20s后从投虫口放入20只雌蚊，分别记录5、10、15和20min两臂管的蚊虫数目，每组试验3次重复。
测定结果：
表1对比例1-4中5.0uL用量空气清新剂兼驱虫液的驱蚊活性
由表1可以看出，检测对象中对比例2(薄荷叶油)和对比例4(香樟叶油)有极强的驱蚊活性，能在10min内实现100％驱避，石菖蒲油驱蚊效果次之，驱蚊效果尚佳，艾叶油具有一定的驱蚊作用，但效果不明显。
表2对比例1-4中2.0uL用量空气清新剂兼驱虫液的驱蚊活性
通过向测试室中置入低浓度的空气清新剂兼驱虫液再次进行驱蚊测试，由表2可以看出，当空气清新剂兼驱虫液的使用量为2ul时，驱避率均明显下降，这主要与使用剂量大幅降低有关，但在低剂量条件下，薄荷叶油和香樟叶油仍具有较强的驱蚊活性，故应以薄荷叶油或香樟叶油为主要原料，由此获得本发明的理论配方。
下面取2ul实施例1-4按上述方式再进行驱蚊测试，得到试验结果如下：
表3实施例1-4中2.0uL用量空气清新剂兼驱虫液的驱蚊活性
通过表3可以看出，当将艾叶油、香樟叶油、菖蒲叶油、薄荷叶油按1:1:1：1的体积比复配(实施例4)时，其驱蚊效果最差，而当空气清新剂兼驱虫液中艾叶油为1-3体积份、香樟叶油为2-8体积份、菖蒲叶油为0.5-2体积份、薄荷叶油为0.5-2体积份(实施例1-3)时，使用15min以上，其驱避率都达到了80％以上，一般认为，驱避剂有效保护率大于80％时，具有良好的驱避效果，由此可以看出，本申请的空气清新剂兼驱虫液在使用15min时即可达到良好的驱避效果，而实施例1的空气清新剂兼驱虫液更是在使用5min之内就达到了90％以上的驱避率，随着时间的延长，达到了100％的驱避率，有效保护时间也较高，通过动物实验检测，本发明的空气清新剂兼驱虫液急性经口毒性和急性吸入毒性均属低毒级，对家兔皮肤刺激反应积分值为0，按照农药对皮肤刺激强度分级标准，属于无刺激性；48h后的气味刺激平均指数为无刺激性，根据感官评价为清爽的芳香味道。
以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (4)
1.一种空气清新剂兼驱虫液，其特征在于，包括以下体积份的组分：
艾叶油1-3份、香樟叶油2-8份、菖蒲叶油0.5-2份、薄荷叶油0.5-2份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的空气清新剂兼驱虫液，其特征在于，包括以下体积份的原料：
艾叶油2份、香樟叶油6份、菖蒲叶油1份、薄荷叶油1份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的空气清新剂兼驱虫液，其特征在于，所述艾叶油、香樟叶油、菖蒲叶油、薄荷叶油的提取方法均为采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取。
4.一种制备如权利要求1-3中任一项所述空气清新剂兼驱虫液的方法，其特征在于，包括将所述艾叶油、香樟叶油、菖蒲叶油和薄荷叶油按所述体积份混合而成。
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