CN113746773A - Multi-carrier communication system and method based on frequency domain diversity - Google Patents
Multi-carrier communication system and method based on frequency domain diversity Download PDFInfo
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- CN113746773A CN113746773A CN202111302751.5A CN202111302751A CN113746773A CN 113746773 A CN113746773 A CN 113746773A CN 202111302751 A CN202111302751 A CN 202111302751A CN 113746773 A CN113746773 A CN 113746773A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2602—Signal structure
- H04L27/261—Details of reference signals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
- H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
- H04L5/0003—Two-dimensional division
- H04L5/0005—Time-frequency
- H04L5/0007—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT
- H04L5/001—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT the frequencies being arranged in component carriers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
- H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of multi-carrier communication, and particularly provides a multi-carrier communication system and a method based on frequency domain diversity, wherein the method comprises the following steps: s1, extracting a pilot signal from the signal received by the receiving end; s2, equalizing the received data by using the estimated channel attenuation coefficient; s3, calculating the combination weighting coefficient of each data symbol corresponding channel; s4, calculating the combined and equalized received data; and S5, judging, demodulating and decoding the equalized data. By using frequency domain diversity at the transmitting end, the receiving end adopts the equalization algorithm of frequency domain maximum ratio combining. The scheme can obtain the combining gain while reducing the frequency selective fading influence, and obviously improves the performance compared with the common direct accumulation combining performance under the condition of not increasing the calculation complexity. And the demodulation performance is obviously improved according to different diversity coefficients, and the larger the diversity coefficient is, the more the demodulation performance is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of multicarrier communication technologies, and in particular, to a multicarrier communication system and method based on frequency domain diversity.
Background
Multicarrier communication systems utilize multiple carriers for data transmission. These multiple carriers may be provided by Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), other multi-carrier modulation techniques, or other concepts. OFDM effectively partitions the overall system bandwidth into multiple (N) orthogonal subbands. These subbands are also referred to as audio bands (tones), carriers, subcarriers, bins (bins), and frequency channels. With OFDM, each subband is associated with a respective subcarrier, which may be modulated with data.
A base station in a multi-carrier communication system may transmit multiple data streams simultaneously. Each data stream can be separately processed (e.g., coded and modulated) at the base station and independently recovered (e.g., demodulated and decoded) by the wireless device. The multiple data streams may have fixed or variable data rates and may use the same or different coding and modulation schemes.
The multi-carrier communication system has the characteristics of high spectrum efficiency, strong flexibility, low complexity and the like, and is widely applied to various communication constitutions of the current generation and the next generation. However, the performance of a wireless communication system is mainly determined by the environment of a wireless channel, and a typical characteristic of the wireless channel is "fading", and the fading and additive noise of the channel cause inevitable errors of a received signal. Frequency selective fading of the channel has been one of the major challenges in the design of multicarrier transceiver systems, especially in multicarrier communication systems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention needs to solve the technical problem that the received signal is inevitably wrong due to channel fading and additive noise in the prior art.
The invention provides a multi-carrier communication system based on frequency domain diversity, which comprises a receiving end system for receiving signals and a transmitting end system for sending the signals, wherein the transmitting end system comprises a bit interleaving, coding and modulating module, a symbol remapping module and a multi-carrier modulating module;
the bit interleaving, coding and modulating module is used for coding and symbol modulation of source information bits;
the symbol remapping module is used for frequency domain diversity of a transmitting end system;
the multi-carrier modulation module is used for modulating the symbols carrying the information to corresponding sub-carriers;
the channel estimation module is used for extracting a pilot signal from a signal received by a receiving end;
the merging and equalizing module is used for merging and equalizing the same symbols on each path of subcarriers;
the soft decision module is used for performing soft decision on the equalized data;
and the decoding module is used for decoding by adopting a corresponding decoding algorithm according to the coding scheme of the originating system.
Preferably, the symbol remapping module is specifically configured to map the data symbols and the pilot symbols onto respective corresponding subcarriers, where the mapping of the data symbols follows a diversity rule.
Preferably, the diversity rule is a centralized diversity scheme, and specifically, the same data symbol is mapped repeatedly N times on consecutive N subcarriers, and then the next data symbol is mapped in sequence, where N is a hierarchical coefficient.
Preferably, the diversity rule is a distributed diversity scheme, and specifically, all data symbols corresponding to one OFDM symbol are mapped in sequence, and then all data symbols are mapped repeatedly according to a subcarrier sequence until N times of mapping are completed, where N is a hierarchical coefficient.
Preferably, the channel estimation module is configured to extract a pilot signal from a signal received by the receiving end, and specifically includes: firstly, estimating a channel attenuation coefficient of a pilot signal position; and then, interpolating the corresponding channel attenuation coefficient at the position of the data subcarrier according to the known channel attenuation coefficient at the position of the pilot subcarrier.
Preferably, the specific algorithm of the received data obtained by the combining and equalizing module through the combining and equalizing is as follows:
Preferably, the soft decision module is specifically configured to calculate a log-likelihood ratio of a maximum a posteriori probability of information bits of the received symbol, that is, soft bit information of the received information; and then decides whether the received bit is 0 or 1 according to the soft bit information.
The invention also provides a multi-carrier communication method based on frequency domain diversity, which comprises the following steps:
s1, extracting pilot signals from the signals received by the receiving end, firstly estimating the channel attenuation coefficient of the pilot signal position, and then interpolating the corresponding channel attenuation coefficient at the data subcarrier position according to the known channel attenuation coefficient at the pilot subcarrier position;
s2, equalizing the received data by using the estimated channel attenuation coefficient;
s3, calculating the combination weighting coefficient of each data symbol corresponding channel;
s4, calculating the combined and equalized received data;
and S5, judging, demodulating and decoding the equalized data.
Has the advantages that: the invention provides a multi-carrier communication system and method based on frequency domain diversity, S1, extracting pilot signal from the signal received from the receiving end, firstly estimating the channel attenuation coefficient of the pilot signal position, then interpolating the channel attenuation coefficient corresponding to the data sub-carrier position according to the known channel attenuation coefficient of the pilot sub-carrier position; s2, equalizing the received data by using the estimated channel attenuation coefficient; s3, calculating the combination weighting coefficient of each data symbol corresponding channel; s4, calculating the combined and equalized received data; and S5, judging, demodulating and decoding the equalized data. By using frequency domain diversity at the transmitting end, the receiving end adopts the equalization algorithm of frequency domain maximum ratio combining. The scheme can obtain the combining gain while reducing the frequency selective fading influence, and obviously improves the performance compared with the common direct accumulation combining performance under the condition of not increasing the calculation complexity. And the demodulation performance is obviously improved according to different diversity coefficients, and the larger the diversity coefficient is, the more the demodulation performance is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a multi-carrier communication system based on frequency domain diversity according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a multi-carrier communication method based on frequency domain diversity according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a centralized diversity scheme provided by the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a distributed diversity scheme provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a frequency domain diversity-based multi-carrier communication system, which includes a receiving end system for receiving a signal and an originating end system for sending a signal, where the originating end system includes a bit interleaving, coding, and modulating module, a symbol remapping module, and a multi-carrier modulating module, and the receiving end system includes a channel estimation module, a combining and equalizing module, a soft decision module, and a decoding module;
the bit interleaving, coding and modulating module is used for coding and symbol modulation of source information bits;
the symbol remapping module is used for frequency domain diversity of a transmitting end system;
the multi-carrier modulation module is used for modulating the symbols carrying the information to corresponding sub-carriers;
the channel estimation module is used for extracting a pilot signal from a signal received by a receiving end;
the merging and equalizing module is used for merging and equalizing the same symbols on each path of subcarriers;
the soft decision module is used for performing soft decision on the equalized data;
and the decoding module is used for decoding by adopting a corresponding decoding algorithm according to the coding scheme of the originating system. The scheme can obtain the combining gain while reducing the frequency selective fading influence, and obviously improves the performance compared with the common direct accumulation combining performance under the condition of not increasing the calculation complexity. And the demodulation performance is obviously improved according to different diversity coefficients, and the larger the diversity coefficient is, the more the demodulation performance is improved.
In one particular implementation scenario:
the scheme is based on a multi-carrier communication system, a transmitting end utilizes Frequency domain diversity, and a receiving end adopts a Frequency domain maximum ratio combining (FMRC) equalization algorithm. The scheme can obtain the combining gain while reducing the frequency selective fading influence, and obviously improves the performance compared with the common direct accumulation combining performance under the condition of not increasing the calculation complexity.
In order to realize the above functions, the proposed transceiver system mainly comprises a transmitting end system and a receiving end system. The transmitting end system comprises a bit interleaving module, a coding module, a modulation module, a symbol remapping module and a multi-carrier modulation module. The receiving end system mainly comprises a channel estimation module, a combination equalization module, a soft decision module and a decoding module. A detailed functional block diagram of a multi-carrier communication system based on frequency domain diversity is shown in fig. 1.
The modules of the originating system and their functions are described as follows:
bit interweave, code and modulation module: the coding and symbol modulation of source information bits are mainly realized;
a symbol remapping module: the main function is to implement frequency domain diversity of the originating system, and to map the data symbols and the pilot symbols to their respective corresponding sub-carriers, wherein the mapping of the data symbols follows the diversity law, assuming the diversity factor is N. There are two diversity schemes, the first is a centralized diversity scheme, i.e. the same data symbol is repeated N times on consecutive N subcarriers, and then the next data symbol is mapped in sequence; the second is a distributed diversity scheme, that is, all data symbols corresponding to one OFDM symbol are mapped in sequence, and then all data symbols are mapped repeatedly according to the sequence of subcarriers until N times of mapping is completed; a schematic diagram of the centralized diversity scheme and the distributed diversity scheme is shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4, respectively.
A multi-carrier modulation module: and realizing the modulation of the symbols carrying the information on the corresponding subcarriers.
The main modules of the receiving end system and the functions thereof are described as follows:
a channel estimation module: extracting a pilot signal from a signal received by a receiving end, and firstly estimating a channel attenuation coefficient of a pilot signal position; the corresponding channel attenuation coefficients at the data subcarrier locations are then interpolated.
A merging equalization module: the method realizes the combination and equalization of N paths of same symbols, and obtains the received data after the combination and equalization according to the following combination and equalization algorithm:
A soft decision module: and performing soft decision on the equalized data, namely calculating the log-likelihood ratio of the maximum posterior probability of the information bit of the received symbol, namely the soft bit information of the received information. It is decided whether the received bit is 0 or 1 according to the soft bit information.
A decoding module: and adopting a corresponding decoding algorithm according to the encoding scheme of the transmitting end.
The invention also provides a multi-carrier communication method based on frequency domain diversity, which comprises the following steps:
s1, extracting pilot signals from the signals received by the receiving end, firstly estimating the channel attenuation coefficient of the pilot signal position, and then interpolating the corresponding channel attenuation coefficient at the data subcarrier position according to the known channel attenuation coefficient at the pilot subcarrier position;
s2, equalizing the received data by using the estimated channel attenuation coefficient;
s3, calculating the combination weighting coefficient of each data symbol corresponding channel;
s4, calculating the combined and equalized received data;
and S5, judging, demodulating and decoding the equalized data.
The method is applied to the frequency domain diversity-based multi-carrier communication system, and each module of the frequency domain diversity-based multi-carrier communication system can be used for implementing the method. And will not be described in detail herein.
In a specific implementation scenario, a specific flow diagram is shown in fig. 2. The method comprises the following steps:
step 1: and extracting a pilot signal from a signal received by a receiving end, firstly estimating a channel attenuation coefficient of a pilot signal position, and then interpolating a channel attenuation coefficient corresponding to a data subcarrier position according to the known channel attenuation coefficient of the pilot subcarrier position.
Specifically, the specific implementation of this embodiment is as follows: one OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) symbol division
Sub-carriers of which symbolsTwo ends respectively reserve a section of protection bandwidth, and the number of sub-carriers of each section of protection bandwidth is set as
The rest sub-carriers are divided into data sub-carriers and pilot sub-carriers, the number of the data sub-carriers is
The number of pilot subcarriers is
While considering the number of DC sub-carriers as
. Above satisfy
。
The receiving end firstly estimates the channel coefficient at the pilot frequency, and the estimation algorithm can adopt the LS, MMSE and other estimation algorithms in the prior art. And then, acquiring the channel coefficient at the data subcarrier by an interpolation mode.
Step 2: equalizing the received data with the estimated channel coefficients (i.e., channel attenuation coefficients):
the upper superscript H in the formula denotes taking the conjugate.
And step 3: calculating the combining weight coefficient of the channel corresponding to each data symbol
And 4, step 4: and calculating the combined and equalized received data.
For example, suppose
Then, then
Wherein
And
is the same symbol that is sent diversity.
And 5: for equalized data
And carrying out judgment, demodulation and decoding. The existing suitable modulation and coding scheme can be adopted according to specific requirements.
In order to verify the performance of the scheme of the present invention, simulation is performed in MATLAB according to the above implementation steps, a rice multipath channel is used in the simulated channel environment in this embodiment, and the time delay and the channel gain of the multipath channel are respectively:
time delay: (01020305080) ns; channel gain: (0-0.3-0.6-0.9-1.3-2) dB;
under the centralized diversity scheme, the number of branches is 1,2 and 4, and the results show that the bit error rate performance of the system is gradually increased with the increase of the diversity branches. When the number of the diversity branches is 4, the system performance of the centralized combination diversity scheme is compared with the performance of the system which is subjected to accumulation combination after equalization, the performance of the system is improved by 1dB when the system has a low noise ratio (less than 6 dB), and the performance is improved by more than 2dB when the system has a high noise ratio (more than 6 dB).
It should be noted that, in the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and reference may be made to relevant descriptions of other embodiments for parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (8)
1. A multi-carrier communication system based on frequency domain diversity comprises a receiving end system for receiving signals and a transmitting end system for transmitting signals, and is characterized in that the transmitting end system comprises a bit interleaving, coding and modulating module, a symbol remapping module and a multi-carrier modulating module, and the receiving end system comprises a channel estimation module, a merging and balancing module, a soft decision module and a decoding module;
the bit interleaving, coding and modulating module is used for coding and symbol modulation of source information bits;
the symbol remapping module is used for frequency domain diversity of a transmitting end system;
the multi-carrier modulation module is used for modulating the symbols carrying the information to corresponding sub-carriers;
the channel estimation module is used for extracting a pilot signal from a signal received by a receiving end;
the merging and equalizing module is used for merging and equalizing the same symbols on each path of subcarriers;
the soft decision module is used for performing soft decision on the equalized data;
and the decoding module is used for decoding by adopting a corresponding decoding algorithm according to the coding scheme of the originating system.
2. The frequency-domain diversity based multi-carrier communication system according to claim 1, wherein the symbol remapping module is specifically configured to map data symbols and pilot symbols onto respective corresponding sub-carriers, wherein the mapping of the data symbols follows a diversity law.
3. The frequency-domain diversity based multi-carrier communication system according to claim 2, wherein the diversity rule is a centralized diversity scheme, and in particular, the same data symbol is mapped repeatedly N times on N consecutive sub-carriers, and then the next data symbol is mapped in sequence, where N is a scaling coefficient.
4. The frequency domain diversity based multi-carrier communication system according to claim 2, wherein the diversity rule is a distributed diversity scheme, and specifically, all data symbols corresponding to one OFDM symbol are mapped sequentially, and then all data symbols are mapped repeatedly according to a subcarrier sequence until N times of mapping is completed, where N is a hierarchical coefficient.
5. The frequency domain diversity based multi-carrier communication system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the channel estimation module is configured to extract the pilot signal from the signal received by the receiving end, and specifically comprises: firstly, estimating a channel attenuation coefficient of a pilot signal position; and then, interpolating the corresponding channel attenuation coefficient at the position of the data subcarrier according to the known channel attenuation coefficient at the position of the pilot subcarrier.
6. The frequency domain diversity based multi-carrier communication system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific algorithm of the received data obtained by the combining and equalizing module through combining and equalizing is as follows:
7. The frequency-domain diversity based multi-carrier communication system according to claim 1, wherein the soft decision module is specifically configured to calculate a log-likelihood ratio of a maximum a posteriori probability of information bits of the received symbols, i.e. soft bit information of the received information; and then decides whether the received bit is 0 or 1 according to the soft bit information.
8. A method for a frequency domain diversity based multi-carrier communication system according to any of the claims 1 to 7, comprising:
s1, extracting pilot signals from the signals received by the receiving end, firstly estimating the channel attenuation coefficient of the pilot signal position, and then interpolating the corresponding channel attenuation coefficient at the data subcarrier position according to the known channel attenuation coefficient at the pilot subcarrier position;
s2, equalizing the received data by using the estimated channel attenuation coefficient;
s3, calculating the combination weighting coefficient of each data symbol corresponding channel;
s4, calculating the combined and equalized received data;
and S5, judging, demodulating and decoding the equalized data.
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