CN113746377A

CN113746377A - Magnetostrictive rotary vibration collecting and utilizing device and collecting method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113746377A
Application number: CN202111053670.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘慧芳; 董伟伟; 常云龙; 赵璐瑶; 魏霖茹
Original assignee: Shenyang University of Technology
Current assignee: Shenyang University of Technology
Priority date: 2021-09-09
Filing date: 2021-09-09
Publication date: 2021-12-03

Abstract

The invention relates to a magnetostrictive rotary vibration collecting and utilizing device and a collecting method thereof.A mass block is fixed at the end part of a composite cantilever beam of the device, a pickup coil is wound on the overlapping part of an aluminum alloy substrate and iron-gallium alloy of the free part of the composite cantilever beam, and wiring heads at two ends of the pickup coil are connected with a converter; the composite cantilever beam is clamped on the clamping device, the clamping device is fixed at the long end of the L-shaped base, and the long end of the L-shaped base is fixedly connected with the circular hub; the short end of the L-shaped base is fixedly connected with the supporting device, the L-shaped base and the supporting device form a frame structure with one open end, rectangular thin plates are fixedly arranged on two side faces of the frame structure, and permanent magnets are fixed on the opposite inner sides of the two rectangular thin plates; the circular hub is fixedly connected with the flange plate; the connecting plate is fixedly connected with the cylindrical rod; the cylinder pole is fixedly connected with the central shaft outside the automobile wheel hub. The invention solves the problem of how to realize the collection of the vibration energy of the rotating environment by using the giant magnetostrictive material.

Description

Magnetostrictive rotary vibration collecting and utilizing device and collecting method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of vibration collection and application, in particular to a device and a method for collecting vibration in a rotating environment by using a magnetostrictive material as a core element.

Background

Currently, experts and scholars around the world are dedicated to collecting vibration energy from the daily life environment and converting the collected vibration energy into electric energy to power some low-power electronic devices. Since vibration energy in the environment generally exists, is harmless to the environment and has the advantages of being renewable, etc., the vibration energy collecting technology has gradually become the focus of attention of all circles. Nowadays, experts and scholars in different countries propose various devices for collecting vibration energy, and the devices are mainly classified into the following four types, namely (1) electromagnetic type; (2) an electrostatic type; (3) piezoelectric type; (4) magnetostrictive. The electromagnetic energy collection technology has mature model research, but the energy collection technology adopting the mode has the disadvantages of low output power, low integration level and low assembly precision, and has great challenges in MEMS application. The electrostatic energy collection technology can be well used for MEMS integration, but in practical application, an external power supply needs to be connected as a starting voltage. The piezoelectric type energy collection technology does not need an additional power supply, is easy to integrate with the MEMS technology and miniaturize, and can obtain higher energy density, but the piezoelectric type energy collection technology limits further practical application of piezoelectric materials in vibration energy collection because the piezoelectric type energy collection technology has the limitations of depolarization, aging, incapability of bearing large bending strain, lower electromechanical coupling coefficient, short fatigue life and the like. The core material, namely the Fe-Ga alloy 19 material, used by the giant magnetostrictive vibration energy collecting technology is a novel functional material, and can realize energy conversion through the coupling of the Villary effect and the electromagnetic induction effect. Compared with piezoelectric materials, the giant magnetostrictive material has no failure problem caused by depolarization, has no fatigue and aging problems, and is more suitable for long-time unmanned monitoring working conditions; the electromechanical coupling coefficient of the giant magnetostrictive material can reach 0.75, and the energy conversion efficiency is higher; meanwhile, the material has sensing and driving functions, so that the material has excellent performance in the vibration collection and utilization process as an intelligent material. For example, in the training of Energy Harvesting of Energy harviewing position of Terfenol-D and Galfenol, published in 2005 by Smart Structures and Materials 2005: Smart Structures and Integrated Systems, pp 5764 630 and 640, Mark E.Staley and insulator B.Flatau studied the Energy Harvesting method at low frequency vibration using magnetostrictive Materials; in the 2020 experimental study of vibration and impact on page 39, 132 and 139 of collecting vibration and power generation characteristics by using Fe-Ga alloy materials, Liu et al designed, developed and tested a novel cantilever type vibration energy collecting and power generating device based on magnetostrictive materials (Fe-Ga alloys), and collected vibration energy in the environment and further converted into electric energy. However, no research is available for collecting vibration energy in a rotating environment by using giant magnetostrictive materials. And the electric energy generated by the energy collecting device is mostly alternating current of hundreds of millivolts. Therefore, it is also necessary to design an energy harvesting device to convert a few hundred millivolts of ac to the dc required by the load side electronics. The converter in the existing energy collecting device can not be used under the condition of low input voltage, and the diode is easy to be damaged in an accelerated way when the input current is far larger than the output current.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention provides a magnetostrictive rotating vibration collecting and utilizing device and a collecting method thereof, aiming at solving the problems that how to utilize a giant magnetostrictive material to realize the collection of the vibration energy of the rotating environment and the problems that a converter in the traditional energy collecting device can not be used under the condition of low input voltage and the damage of a diode is easy to accelerate when the input current is far larger than the output current and the like.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a magnetostriction type rotary vibration collecting and utilizing device is characterized in that a composite cantilever beam of the device is an integrated structure formed by an aluminum alloy substrate and an iron-gallium alloy which are attached together, the length of the aluminum alloy substrate is larger than that of the iron-gallium alloy, one end of the aluminum alloy substrate is aligned with one end of the iron-gallium alloy, the end part of the aligned end of the aluminum alloy substrate and the aligned end of the iron-gallium alloy is a fixed part, and the part except the fixed part is a free part; a mass block is fixed at the end part of the free part, a pickup coil is wound on the overlapping part of the aluminum alloy substrate of the free part and the iron-gallium alloy, and connector lugs at two ends of the pickup coil are connected with the converter; the end part of the fixing part is clamped on the clamping device, the clamping device is fixed on the upper surface of the long end of the L-shaped base, and the lower surface of the long end of the L-shaped base is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the circular hub; the upper part of the short end of the L-shaped base is fixedly connected with the supporting device, the L-shaped base and the supporting device form a frame structure with one open end, rectangular thin plates are fixedly arranged on two side faces of the frame structure, and permanent magnets are fixed on the opposite inner sides of the two rectangular thin plates; the lower surface of the circular hub is fixedly connected with the flange plate; the connecting plate is fixedly connected with the cylindrical rod; the cylindrical rod is connected with a rotatable central shaft, for example, fixedly connected with the central shaft outside the automobile hub.

Furthermore, the length D of the fixed part is 10mm, the pickup coil is wound towards the end of the free part by taking the boundary of the fixed part and the free part as a winding point, the diameter of the wound wire is 25mm, and the number of turns is 1400 and 1600 turns.

Further, the clamping device comprises an inverted T-shaped support and cuboid blocks, the bottom end of the inverted T-shaped support is fixed on the upper surface of the long end of the L-shaped base, and the end part of the free part is clamped between the two cuboid blocks.

Further, the rectangular thin plate is fixed at the optimal pre-magnetization field position of the two sides of the frame structure.

Furthermore, the permanent magnet is a structure formed by stacking a plurality of permanent magnets with the same size.

Further, the converter has a circuit in which the positive electrode of the fourth power voltage V4 is connected to one end of an inductor L, and the other end of the inductor L is connected to one end of the first switch H1, the positive electrode of the third diode D3, the negative electrode of the fourth diode D4, the positive electrode of the first diode D1, and the negative electrode of the second diode D2, respectively; the other end of the first switch H1 is connected with one end of a second switch H2, and the other end of the second switch H2 is connected with the negative electrode of a fourth power voltage V4; the cathode of the third diode D3 is respectively connected with the cathode of the fifth diode D5, the anode of the seventh diode D7, the anode of the first comparator U1 and the anode of the third capacitor C3; the fifth diode D5 and the seventh diode D7 are connected in parallel and are simultaneously connected with one end of the first resistor R1 and the positive electrode of the first power voltage V1; the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected with one end of the second resistor R2, the anode of the seventh capacitor C7, the anode of the first comparator U1 and the cathode of the second comparator U2; the second resistor R2 is connected in parallel with the seventh capacitor C7 and is simultaneously connected with the negative pole of the fourth power voltage V4, the negative pole of the first power voltage V1, the positive pole of the second power voltage V2, the negative pole of the third capacitor C3 and the positive pole of the fourth capacitor C4; the negative electrode of the third capacitor C3 is connected with the positive electrode of the fourth capacitor C4, the negative electrode of the first power voltage V1 and the positive electrode of the second power voltage V2; the cathode of the fourth capacitor C4 is connected with the anode of a fourth diode D4, the cathode of the first comparator U1 and the cathode of the second comparator U2; the cathode of the second power voltage V2 is connected with the cathode of a sixth diode D6 and the anode of an eighth diode D8; the sixth diode D6 is connected in parallel with the eighth diode D8 and is simultaneously connected with the anode of the fourth diode D4, the cathode of the fourth capacitor C4, the cathode of the first comparator U1 and the cathode of the second comparator U2; the cathode of the first diode D1 is connected with one end of the first capacitor C1, the anode of the fifth capacitor C5 and IN and SHDN ends of the chip; the other end of the first capacitor C1 is connected with the anode of a second capacitor C2, the cathode of a seventh capacitor C7, the cathode of a third capacitor C3, the other end of a second resistor R2, the cathode of a first power voltage V1, the anode of a second power voltage V2 and the anode of a fourth capacitor C4; the cathode of the second capacitor C2 is connected with the anode of the second diode D2 and the cathode of the fifth capacitor C5; the OUT end of the chip is connected with one end of a sixth capacitor C6 and one end of a fourth resistor R4; the sixth capacitor C6 is connected in parallel with the fourth resistor R4 and is simultaneously connected with the GND terminal of the chip, the cathode of the fifth capacitor C5, the cathode of the second capacitor C2 and the anode of the second diode D2; the positive pole of the sixth power supply voltage V6 is connected with the negative pole of the first comparator U1 and the positive pole of the second comparator U2; the tip of the first comparator V510 and the tip of the PI-controlled second comparator U2 are respectively connected with the other ends of a first switch H1 and a second switch H2 of the bidirectional switch; the negative pole of the sixth power supply voltage V6 is grounded; a fourth supply voltage V4 is connected to the pick-up coil.

A collecting method of a magnetostrictive rotary vibration collecting and utilizing device comprises the following steps:

1) the device is arranged on a central shaft of a rotating body, and stress change is calculated according to a deformation model of a cantilever beam; then obtaining the relation between the magnetic field change and the stress according to the linear piezomagnetic model; obtaining the induced electromotive force of the pickup coil through the change of the magnetic field;

2) the electromotive force induced by the pickup coil converts alternating current into direct current through a converter to supply power to power consumption equipment.

Further, the deformation model of the cantilever beam is as follows:

wherein Y is_GIs the Young's modulus, u, of an iron-gallium alloy (19)_yIn the lateral displacement of the cantilever, x is the distance from any point on the cantilever to the fixed part, t is time, and y represents the distance from the calculation part to the neutral axis.

Further, the linear piezomagnetic model is as follows:

in the formula: ε represents the amount of strain in the material, σ represents the stress to which the material is subjected, E represents the Young's modulus of the magnetostrictive material, B represents the magnetic induction, H₁Represents the magnetic field strength, mu₀Denotes magnetic permeability, d₃₃、d₃₃ ^*Respectively representing the piezomagnetic coefficient and the inverse piezomagnetic coefficient.

Further, the calculation formula of the induced electromotive force of the pickup coil is as follows:

in the formula: n represents the number of coil turns, phi represents the magnetic flux, a represents the coil area, and B represents the magnetic flux density.

The advantages and effects are as follows:

the permanent magnets are adopted to provide a pre-magnetization field for the iron-gallium alloy material, the rectangular sheets for fixing the permanent magnets can freely move on two sides of the cantilever beam before a relatively optimal magnetic field arrangement mode is found, the fixing mode has flexibility, and the number of the permanent magnets can be adjusted according to the actual size of the device; because the invention is used on the vehicle tyre, in order to reduce the influence of the self-mass of the device on the driving safety, the invention adopts materials with lower density and smaller volume for the components such as the round hub, the L-shaped base and the like in the design process, and can enhance the stability of the system; compared with other energy collecting devices, the invention can collect energy in the rotating or bumping vibration environment independently and can also collect energy under the combined excitation of rotating and bumping vibration, so the application range is wider; a single-stage converter is designed in the energy collecting device, so that the low alternating voltage of the micro generator is directly increased to the available direct voltage level, and the efficiency is higher.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a magnetostrictive rotary vibration collecting device in half section E-E;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a composite cantilever structure;

FIG. 3 is a right side view of a magnetostrictive rotating vibration collecting device;

FIG. 4 is a top view of a magnetostrictive rotating vibration collecting device;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a magnetostrictive rotating vibration collecting device;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an installation of a magnetostrictive rotating vibration collecting device;

FIG. 7 is a diagram of an experimental diagram of power generation effect under different numbers of turns and different rotation speeds;

FIG. 8 is a general circuit diagram of a magnetostrictive rotational vibration collecting device;

FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of a bidirectional switch in a circuit of a magnetostrictive rotary vibration collecting device;

FIG. 10 is a diagram of a DC supply circuit for the circuit of a magnetostrictive rotary vibration collecting device;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a magnetostrictive rotating vibration collecting device operating in a rotating environment;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a magnetostrictive rotating vibration collecting device operating in a bumpy environment;

FIG. 13 illustrates a first primary mode of operation of the transducer in an electrical circuit of a magnetostrictive rotary vibration collection device;

FIG. 14 illustrates a second principal mode of operation of the transducer in an electrical circuit of a magnetostrictive rotary vibration collection device;

FIG. 15 illustrates a third principal mode of operation of the transducer in an electrical circuit of a magnetostrictive rotary vibration collection device;

FIG. 16 illustrates a fourth principal operating mode of the transducer in an electrical circuit of a magnetostrictive rotary vibration collection device;

FIG. 17 is a graph of energy harvesting results in a rotating environment;

FIG. 18 is a graph of energy harvesting results under sinusoidal vibration conditions;

FIG. 19 is a graph of energy harvesting results under simultaneous application of rotational and sinusoidal vibrations;

FIG. 20 is a graph of energy harvesting results in white noise conditions;

FIG. 21 is a graph of energy collection results under simultaneous application of rotational and sinusoidal vibrations;

FIG. 22 is a current diagram of the circuit simulating the input voltage and inductance;

FIG. 23 is a graph of constant duty cycle, boosted voltage, and regulated output voltage;

FIG. 24 input voltage measured experimentally for circuit design;

FIG. 25 shows rectified voltages measured experimentally for circuit design;

the labels in the figure are: 1-double-head screw; 2-a support device; 3-screws; 4-a pick-up coil; 5-cuboid block; 6-screw; 7-a circular hub; 8-permanent magnets; 9-a flange plate; 10-a cylindrical rod; 11-set screws; 12-a screw; 13-a screw; 14-a rectangular sheet; a 15-L shaped base; a 16-aluminum alloy substrate; 17-a mass block; 18-a screw; 19-iron gallium alloy 19; 20-simple sleeve; 21-a nut; 22-inverted T-shaped stent; 23-a screw; 24-chip.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and the accompanying claims.

In order to realize the purposes of collecting vibration energy in the process of rotating environment, converting the vibration energy into electric energy and further supplying power to low-power equipment such as a wireless sensor and the like, the invention provides a device and a method for collecting and utilizing the rotation vibration by taking an iron-gallium alloy 19 material sheet as a core element. The present design provides a single-stage converter that improves the efficiency of converting the low ac voltage of a miniature generator to usable dc voltage. The working principle of the magnetostrictive vibration energy collecting device for the rotating wheel is as follows: the iron-gallium alloy 19 has an important physical effect of the vilari effect, and when the iron-gallium alloy is deformed by mechanical action such as force, magnetic domains in the material will deflect and move, and the magnetization state and the magnetic flux density in the material will change. And then, magnetic energy is further converted into electric energy by utilizing the Faraday electromagnetic induction effect and an induction coil wound on the iron-gallium alloy 19. In the invention, the collection of the rotary vibration energy is realized by utilizing the magnetostriction inverse effect of the iron-gallium alloy 19, the Faraday electromagnetic induction effect of the coil and the coupling effect between the two effects. When the wheel rotates, the cantilever beam with the mass block 17 at the tip end is not coincident with the center position of the wheel, and the iron-gallium alloy 19 is necessarily subjected to the action of circumferential force and the gravity of the tip end weight. On the one hand, the component force of the circumferential force along the tangential direction of the iron-gallium alloy 19 and the component force of the tip weight along the direction perpendicular to the iron-gallium alloy 19 will cause the iron-gallium alloy 19 to deform due to the force; the weight of the tip weight will also affect the continuous oscillation frequency of the iron gallium alloy 19. On the other hand, road surface bumping will cause vibrations in the mga 19, and the component force perpendicular to the direction of the mga 19 material will further increase the deformation of the mga 19. The Fe-Ga alloy 19 material can absorb the vibration around the wheel along with the movement of the wheel and complete the conversion principle of mechanical energy-magnetic energy-electric energy. The invention relates to a magnetostrictive rotating vibration collecting and utilizing device, which is used for being installed on a rotating mechanism. As shown in fig. 6, the device is mounted on a central shaft outside an automobile hub, as shown in fig. 1-5, a core structure of the device is a composite cantilever, as shown in fig. 2, the composite cantilever of the device is an integrated structure formed by an aluminum alloy substrate 16 and an iron gallium alloy 19 which are attached together, the aluminum alloy substrate 16 and the iron gallium alloy 19 are rectangular structures with the same width and different lengths, the length of the aluminum alloy substrate 16 is greater than that of the iron gallium alloy 19, so that relatively optimal energy collecting device conditions can be achieved, one end of the aluminum alloy substrate 16 is aligned with one end of the iron gallium alloy 19, the end of the aligned end of the aluminum alloy substrate 16 and the aligned end of the iron gallium alloy 19 is a fixed part, and the part except the fixed part is a free part; a mass block 17 is fixed at the end part of the free part, a pickup coil 4 is wound on the overlapping part of the aluminum alloy substrate 16 and the iron-gallium alloy 19 of the free part, and the wiring terminals at two ends of the pickup coil 4 are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a fourth power voltage V4 of the converter; the end part of the fixing part is clamped on a clamping device, the clamping device is fixed on the upper surface of the long end of the L-shaped base 15, and the lower surface of the long end of the L-shaped base 15 is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the circular hub 7; the upper part of the short end of the L-shaped base 15 is fixedly connected with the supporting device 2 through a screw, the L-shaped base 15 and the supporting device 2 form a frame structure with one open end, rectangular thin plates 14 are fixedly arranged on two side faces of the frame structure, and permanent magnets 8 with the same size are fixed on the opposite inner sides of the two rectangular thin plates 14 through hot melt adhesives; the lower surface of the circular hub 7 is fixedly connected with a flange plate 9; the connecting plate 9 is fixedly connected with a cylindrical rod 10; the cylindrical rod 10 is fixedly connected with a central shaft outside the automobile hub through a coupler; in order to facilitate the monitoring experiment, the middle part of the supporting device 2 of the device is provided with a threaded through hole, the supporting device 2 is fixedly connected with one end of a double-head screw rod 1, and the other end of the double-head screw rod 1 is connected with a simple sleeve 20 for installing a conductive sliding ring. The conductive slip ring is used for avoiding a winding phenomenon during monitoring.

As shown in fig. 1 and 5, the supporting device 2 is a rectangular cuboid block structure, the wide side of the cuboid is taken as a symmetric center, two symmetric threaded through holes are drilled, and a circular threaded hole which completely penetrates through the central line is drilled along the thickness direction. The lower surface of the support device 2 is contacted with the upper part of the short end of the L-shaped base 15, and the two are fixed by a screw 18. The circular thread through hole is matched with the double-head screw 1.

One end of the simple sleeve 20 provided with the conductive slip ring is a through hole with a thread inner diameter, the other end of the simple sleeve is a through hole with a smaller diameter, three threaded holes are uniformly distributed at the end part of the through hole, a slender rectangular opening is formed in the wall of the sleeve, and the rectangular opening penetrates through the thickness of the sleeve. The simple sleeve has one end with the thread inner diameter matched with the double-head screw 1, and the other end of the simple sleeve 20 is used for fixing the conductive slip ring. Because this design will use in the rotating environment, for avoiding appearing the wire winding phenomenon in voltage monitoring process, coincide simple and easy telescopic center pin and the centre of a circle of circular wheel hub 7 and the center pin of cylindric pole 10.

As shown in fig. 2, the length D of the fixed portion is 10mm, the pickup coil 4 is wound toward the end of the free portion with the boundary of the fixed portion and the free portion (i.e. the end 10mm away from the aligned end of the aluminum alloy substrate 16 and the iron-gallium alloy 19) as the starting point, the diameter of the wound wire is 25mm, and the number of turns is selected between 1400 and 1600 turns. Wound on a composite cantilever beam to achieve relatively optimal energy harvesting device conditions. (in the condition of not changing other devices, only changing the number of turns of the coil, and measuring the power generation effect of the device at different rotating speeds, as shown in fig. 7, the experimental result shows that the power generation effect is gradually enhanced when the number of turns of the coil is gradually increased from 1100 to 1500 turns, the power generation effect is better when the number of turns of the coil is 1500 turns, the number of turns of the coil is continuously increased, and the power generation effect is gradually weakened, so that the optimal power generation condition exists between 1400 and 1600.)

The clamping device comprises an inverted T-shaped support 22 and cuboid blocks 5, wherein the bottom end of the inverted T-shaped support 22 is fixed on the upper surface of the long end of the L-shaped base 15, the end part of the free part is clamped between the two cuboid blocks 5, and the two cuboid blocks 5 clamp and fix the end part of the free part through screws 3 and nuts 21.

As shown in fig. 5, the support plate erected on the inverted T-shaped support 22 is symmetrically distributed with two threaded through holes by taking the long-side center line as a symmetry center, and the base of the inverted T-shaped support 22 is symmetrically distributed with two threaded through holes by taking the long-side center line as a symmetry center. The cuboid blocks 5 are symmetrically distributed with two threaded through holes by taking the center line of the long side as a symmetric center. The inner surfaces of the upright support plates of the inverted T-shaped support 22 are in contact with the surface of the cuboid block 5 and are connected and fixed by screws 3 and nuts 21. The long end of the L-shaped base 15 takes the center line of the wide edge as a symmetric center, four through holes are symmetrically distributed, the side surface also takes the center line of the wide edge as a symmetric center, two threaded holes are respectively formed in the two side edges, and the upper part of the short end of the L-shaped base 15 takes the center line of the long edge as a symmetric center, and two threaded holes are symmetrically distributed.

The rectangular sheets 14 are fixed at the optimal pre-magnetization field positions on both sides of the frame structure. The two rectangular thin plates 14 are fixed on two side surfaces of the L-shaped base 15 and the supporting device 2, the L-shaped base 15 and the supporting device 2 are connected at the same time, the rectangular thin plates 14 for fixing the permanent magnets can move freely before a relatively optimal magnetic field arrangement mode is found, the rectangular thin plates are fixed through hot melt adhesive at each moving position, and the rectangular thin plates are fixed on two sides of the composite cantilever beam through screws 23 after a relatively optimal pre-magnetization field is determined; the optimal position is obtained through experiments, the power generation amount of the device at different rotating speeds is measured every time the device is moved by one position, and when the power generation amount is maximum, the optimal position is relative to the device. Specifically, before the optimal position is not determined, the rectangular sheets 14 for fixing the permanent magnet 8 are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the cantilever beam, and gradually move towards the direction of the free part at intervals of 10mm from the fixed part of the cantilever beam, and the power generation effect of the device at different rotating speeds is measured through an oscilloscope once, wherein the optimal position of the power generation effect is the optimal fixed position of the device.

The permanent magnet 8 is a structure formed by stacking three permanent magnets with the same size. The permanent magnets are attracted into a group by the magnetic force between the permanent magnets, and the permanent magnets are fixed in the middle of the inner sides of the rectangular thin plates 14 on the two sides of the composite cantilever beam by hot melt adhesive to provide a pre-magnetization field for the device.

The round hub 7 is symmetrically distributed with eight threaded holes by taking a diameter as a symmetric center. One end face of the round hub 7 is contacted with the lower surface of the long end of the L-shaped base 15, the upper surface of the long end of the L-shaped base 15 is contacted with the lower surface of the base of the inverted T-shaped support 22, and the round hub, the long end and the lower surface are fixed through screws 6; the other end face of the circular hub 7 is in contact with the flange 9, and the circular hub and the flange are also fixed through screws 12. One end of the flange 9 is a cylindrical barrel with longer length and thinner wall thickness, and three threaded holes are uniformly distributed along the central line of the length of the cylindrical barrel and penetrate through the barrel wall; the other end of the flange plate 9 is a cylinder with short length and thick wall thickness, and four through holes are uniformly distributed at the end part and penetrate through the cylinder length. The cylindrical rod 10 is inserted into the cylindrical barrel at the longer end of the flange 9 and is fixed through the set screw 11, the end face of the cylindrical barrel at the shorter end of the flange 9 is in contact with the circular hub 7, and the cylindrical barrel and the circular hub 7 are fixed through the screw 13. The rectangular thin plate 14 is respectively provided with a through hole from top to bottom along the center line of the wide side, the rectangular thin plate 14 is in contact with two side faces of the long end of the L-shaped base 15 and two side faces of the supporting device 2, the rectangular thin plate is fixed through the screws 23 and distributed on two sides of the cantilever beam, the distance between the rectangular thin plate and the clamping end is 40mm, every three permanent magnets 8 with the same size are stacked together to form a group, the permanent magnets are respectively fixed in the middle of the inner sides of the rectangular thin plates 14 on two sides of the composite cantilever beam and are fixed through hot melt adhesive, and a pre-magnetization field is provided for the device so as to improve the energy collection effect.

The circuitry of the energy collection device is designed to convert the ac power obtained by the device to the dc power required by the load side electronics. All circuit elements of the converter adopted by the design are welded on the circuit board, and the converter consists of a rectifying circuit, a control circuit, a driving circuit and a direct-current power supply circuit. Specifically, as shown in fig. 8, the positive (+) terminal of the fourth power voltage V4 is connected to one terminal of an inductor L, and the other terminal of the inductor L is connected to one terminal of a first switch H1, the positive (+) terminal of a third diode D3, the negative (-) terminal of a fourth diode D4, the positive (+) terminal of a first diode D1, and the negative (-) terminal of a second diode D2, respectively; the other end of the first switch H1 is connected to one end of a second switch H2, and the other end of the second switch H2 is connected to the negative (-) end of a fourth power voltage V4; the negative (-) terminal of the third diode D3 is connected to the negative (-) terminal of the fifth diode D5, the positive (+) terminal of the seventh diode D7, the positive (+) terminal of the first comparator U1 and the positive (+) terminal of the third capacitor C3 respectively; the fifth diode D5 and the seventh diode D7 are connected in parallel and are simultaneously connected to one end of the first resistor R1 and the positive (+) end of the first power voltage V1; the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected with one end of the second resistor R2, the positive (+) end of the seventh capacitor C7, the positive (+) end of the first comparator U1 and the negative (-) end of the second comparator U2; the second resistor R2 is connected in parallel with the seventh capacitor C7 and is connected to the negative (-) terminal of the fourth power voltage V4, the negative (-) terminal of the first power voltage V1, the positive (+) terminal of the second power voltage V2, the negative (-) terminal of the third capacitor C3, and the positive (+) terminal of the fourth capacitor C4; the negative (-) terminal of the third capacitor C3 is connected with the positive (+) terminal of the fourth capacitor C4, the negative (-) terminal of the first power voltage V1 and the positive (+) terminal of the second power voltage V2; the negative pole (-) of the fourth capacitor C4 is connected with the positive pole (+) terminal of the fourth diode D4, the negative pole (-) terminal of the first comparator U1 and the negative pole (-) terminal of the second comparator U2; the negative (-) terminal of the second power voltage V2 is connected to the negative (-) terminal of the sixth diode D6 and the positive (+) terminal of the eighth diode D8; the sixth diode D6 is connected in parallel with the eighth diode D8 and is also connected to the positive (+) terminal of the fourth diode D4, the negative (-) terminal of the fourth capacitor C4, the negative (-) terminal of the first comparator U1 and the negative (-) terminal of the second comparator U2; the negative (-) terminal of the first diode D1 is connected with one terminal of the first capacitor C1, the positive (+) terminal of the fifth capacitor C5 and the IN and SHDN terminals of the chip 24; the other end of the first capacitor C1 is connected with the anode (+) -of the second capacitor (C2), the cathode (-) of the seventh capacitor C7, the cathode (-) of the third capacitor C3, the other end of the second resistor R2, the cathode (-) of the first power voltage V1, the anode (+) of the second power voltage V2 and the anode (+) of the fourth capacitor C4; the negative (-) terminal of the second capacitor C2 is connected with the positive (+) terminal of the second diode D2 and the negative (-) terminal of the fifth capacitor C5; the OUT end of the chip 24 is connected with one end of a sixth capacitor C6 and a fourth resistor R4; the sixth capacitor C6 is connected in parallel with the fourth resistor R4 and is also connected to the GND terminal of the chip 24, the negative (-) terminal of the fifth capacitor C5, the negative (-) terminal of the second capacitor C2 and the positive (+) terminal of the second diode D2; a positive (+) terminal of the sixth power voltage V6 is connected to negative (-) terminals of the first comparator LTC1 and the second comparator U2; the tip of the first comparator U1 and the tip of the second comparator U2 are respectively connected with the other ends of the first switch H1 and the second switch H2 of the bidirectional switch; the negative (-) terminal of the sixth power voltage V6 is grounded. The fourth resistor R4 is an external load resistor, an OUT end and a GND end on a chip connected with the external load resistor form an output end, direct current is output, and power is supplied to power consumption equipment such as automobile tire pressure monitoring and a micro sensor; the chip 24 is a transformer LT 3009-3.3. The first comparator U1 and the second comparator U2 are LTC 1441.

The design of the converter utilizes the bidirectional current conduction capability of the mosfet to realize the conversion of single-stage ac-dc. In the converter, the inductor L is used for a boosting operation, and the function of the bidirectional switch is realized by connecting the drain of the first switch H1 to the source of the second switch H2. The bidirectional switch is controlled by the control circuit to be opened and closed simultaneously. When the switch is turned on, the two MOSFET transistors are used for boosting operation of positive and negative half cycles of the input ac voltage. When the switch is closed, the reverse connected body diode blocks any circulating current. The duty cycle D may be controlled to maintain the output voltage at a desired level under variable input load and input voltage conditions. The circuit designed this time adopts a voltage divider circuit to control the duty ratio to be 0.75V. The battery provides driving voltage for the control circuit and the driving circuit to ensure normal operation of the control circuit and the driving circuit. The comparator LTC1441 is used to control the on and off of the bidirectional switch. The transformer LT3009-3.3 is used to stabilize the output voltage. The converter is used for Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM) operation to reduce H1, H2 switching losses and diode reverse recovery losses. The diode is used for a rectifying operation.

As shown in fig. 9, the first switch H1 and the second switch H2 constitute a bidirectional switch. The loss of the switch accounts for a large proportion of the loss of the whole circuit, so the selection of the switching frequency is particularly important for the energy acquisition system. It should be noted that since the conduction losses in the inductor are taken into account, a larger inductor is needed at low frequencies to provide the same power. At high frequencies, the switching losses are greatly increased, reducing the efficiency of the entire converter. A frequency of a few tens of khz is a suitable range because the total losses are minimal, while conduction and switching losses are comparable. Therefore, the switching frequency is 50KHz in the design.

The first resistor R1, the second resistor R2 and the seventh capacitor C7 constitute a feedback circuit for the first capacitor C1 and the rated load R. When the switching device is just started, the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2 and the seventh capacitor C7 are powered by the battery and deliver the feedback voltage to the comparator. After a period of time, the circuit starts to operate normally, and the stabilized voltage is higher than the rated voltage of the battery, so that the energy collecting device supplies power. Therefore, the normal voltage of the conversion device can be effectively fed back to the comparator. The feedback seventh capacitor C7 charges in a manner similar to the output first capacitor C1. Even if the load resistance changes, the load resistance can not change greatly, and the whole feedback device is very simple to realize.

As shown in fig. 8 and 10, the dc supply circuit is composed of a third diode D3, a fourth diode D4, a fifth diode D5, a sixth diode D6, a seventh diode D7, an eighth diode D8, a third capacitor C3, a fourth capacitor C4, a first power voltage V1, and a second power voltage V2. Since both the drive circuit and the control circuit require a stable dc voltage to operate and a low ac input voltage cannot be used to start the converter. The starting circuit designed herein is shown in fig. 8. The V + and V-of the voltage nodes represent positive and negative dc voltages for powering the controller and gate drivers of the converter. The first power voltage V1 and the second power voltage V2 provide a starting power to charge the third capacitor C3 and the fourth capacitor C4, the fifth diode D5 and the sixth diode D6. After the controller and the driving circuit are operated, the fifth capacitor C5 and the sixth capacitor C6 start to be charged by the micro generator through the seventh diode D7 and the eighth diode D8. The boost mechanism charges similarly to the second capacitor C2 and the third capacitor C3 in the converter. These capacitors are designed as auxiliary circuits which are supplied with a stable dc voltage. In steady state, the voltage between the third capacitor C3 and the fourth capacitor C4 may be approximately correlated as V + ═ V0 and V ═ V0. The standard value of the battery voltage is smaller than the voltage values of the steady-state third capacitor C3 and the steady-state fourth capacitor C4. Thus, when the converter is operating, the third capacitor C3 and the fourth capacitor C4 are charged by the energy harvesting device. In this case, the fifth diode D5 and the sixth diode D6 become reverse-biased, and the first power supply voltage V1 and the second power supply voltage V2 are cut off the circuit. It should be noted that the battery capacity and the occupied space for starting are very small. Once the converter starts to operate, the third capacitor C3 and the fourth capacitor C4 may be used to keep the first supply voltage V1 and the second supply voltage V2 charged. If they are discharged, the DC bus voltmeters V + and V-on the third capacitor C3 and the fourth capacitor C4 charge these batteries through the seventh diode D7 and the eighth diode D8.

The converter has mainly four modes of operation as shown in fig. 13-16. Mode one, two is used mainly for the positive half cycle, and mode three, four is used mainly for the negative half cycle.

Positive half cycle

The first mode is as follows: the two switches are closed simultaneously, the vibration source, the inductor L, the first switch H1 and the second switch H2 form a closed loop, the current of the inductor L is increased from zero, and the switching loss is reduced. The output capacitor supplies power to the load. As shown in fig. 13.

And a second mode: the two switches are opened simultaneously, the inductor L forward biases the first diode D1, the first capacitor C1 is charged, the third capacitor C3 is discharged, and the output second capacitor C2 is charged. As shown in fig. 14.

Negative half cycle

And a third mode: the two switches are closed simultaneously, the vibration source, the inductor L and the first switch H1, the second switch H2 form a closed loop, and the inductor L current increases from the negative direction. The output capacitor supplies power to the load. As shown in fig. 15.

And a fourth mode: the two switches are simultaneously opened, the inductor L current forward biases the diode D2, the third capacitor C3 is charged, the second capacitor C2 is discharged, and the output first capacitor C1 is charged. As shown in fig. 16.

The method for collecting and utilizing the rotating vibration of the wheel based on the magnetostrictive material comprises the following steps:

1) the device is arranged on a central shaft of a rotating body, a wheel hub is taken as an example in the embodiment, namely the device is arranged on the central shaft of the wheel hub, and the stress change is calculated according to a deformation model of a cantilever beam; then obtaining the relation between the magnetic field change and the stress according to the linear piezomagnetic model; the induced electromotive force of the pickup coil 4 is obtained through the change of the magnetic field;

2) the electromotive force induced by the pickup coil 4 converts the alternating current into direct current through a converter, and supplies power to the power consumption equipment.

During the running of the vehicle, the device on the central shaft of the wheel hub is subjected to the actions of rotation and road bumping.

(1) Transformation process of deformation

1) Conversion of rotary motion to deformation of cantilever beam

When the wheel rotates, the iron-gallium alloy 19 is necessarily subjected to the circumferential force and the weight of the tip weight, since the cantilever beam with the mass 17 at the tip is not coincident with the center of the wheel. The component of the circumferential force in the tangential direction of the iron-gallium alloy 19 and the component of the tip weight perpendicular to the iron-gallium alloy 19 will cause the iron-gallium alloy 19 to deform due to the force. In the rotation motion, the device rotates with the wheel, the cantilever beam stress deformation is schematically shown in fig. 11, and since the device proposed herein is intended to work under low rotation speed conditions, and in addition, the tip mass of the cantilever beam is much larger than the mass of the cantilever beam, the lateral deformation of the cantilever beam can be defined as:

here, the

As a function of single mode vibration

Wherein:

where μ is the mass of the material per unit length of the Fe-Ga alloy 19, l is the length of the Fe-Ga alloy 19, m_tIs the mass of the tip mass.

q (t) is a generalized time coordinate function, and under the rotating condition, the generalized time coordinate function of the cantilever beam is

Where ω is the angular velocity, ψ is the initial phase angle, m_tIs the tip mass of the cantilever beam, g is the acceleration of gravity, ω₀Is an equivalent fundamental frequency, M₂Is a generalized elastic mass matrix of the cantilever beam.

Finally, the deformation of the cantilever beam is obtained:

2) conversion of jolting vibration to cantilever beam deformation

In addition to the influence of the rotating environment, the wheels can generate bumping vibration when contacting uneven road surfaces due to the complex and various road surfaces during the running process of the vehicle. The component of the jounce vibration in a direction perpendicular to the cantilever beam causes the cantilever beam to deform. Since the magnitude of the jolting vibration is affected by the specific road surface conditions, the cantilever beam deformation is random. FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the deformation of the cantilever beam in jounce vibration, with the lateral displacement u_y1Can be expressed by the following formula:

since the cantilever is subjected to random jolt vibrations, its external excitation is difficult to express in a definite form, assuming that the cantilever is applied with an amplitude q₀And the vibration frequency is f, the generalized time coordinate function of the cantilever beam under the vibration condition can be expressed as:

q₁(t)＝q_o sin(2πft+ψ) (6)

finally, the deformation of the cantilever beam is obtained:

according to the deformation conditions of the cantilever beam under the two conditions of rotation and jolt vibration, the formula

Wherein Y is_GIs the Young's modulus, u, of the iron-gallium alloy 19_yIn the lateral displacement of the cantilever, x is the distance from any point on the cantilever to the fixed part, t is time, and y represents the distance from the calculation part to the neutral axis. The strain of the cantilever beam under different conditions can be respectively obtained through the formula.

(2) Electromechanical coupling

1) Mechanical-magnetic coupling

Under the rotation and vibration conditions, the material of the iron-gallium alloy 19 deforms, and according to the vilari effect of the material of the iron-gallium alloy 19, when the material of the iron-gallium alloy 19 is acted by external force, the magnetic permeability of the material of the iron-gallium alloy 19 changes, and the magnetization state inside the material of the iron-gallium alloy 19 changes. The relationship between the magnetic field change and the stress can be expressed by utilizing a linear piezomagnetic model formula:

2) Magneto-electric coupling

When the bias magnetic field intensity is constant, the cantilever beam deforms, and the induced electromotive force generated by the pickup coil 4 wound around the iron-gallium alloy 19 material sheet can be expressed as:

The above description of the mathematical process shows a process of converting the rotational motion and the jolt vibration in the environment into electric energy by using the magnetostrictive material, that is, an implementation method of collecting and utilizing the rotational vibration of the wheel based on the magnetostrictive material.

Example 1

In order to simulate the running process of a vehicle, a motor is adopted to provide rotary excitation for the device under experimental conditions, and a vibration exciter is adopted to provide vibration excitation for the device. The working process of the invention is as follows: after the power supply is switched on, a speed regulator connected with the motor is opened, the motor rotates, and a coupler on the motor is connected with the cylindrical rod 10; the cylindrical rod 10 is connected with the flange 9; the flange 9 is connected with the circular hub 7; the round hub 7 is connected with the L-shaped base 15; the clamping device is fixed on the L-shaped base 15; the composite cantilever beam is formed by attaching an aluminum alloy substrate 16 and an iron-gallium alloy 19 together, and the composite cantilever beam is arranged in the middle of the clamping device; the pick-up coil 4 is directly wound on the composite cantilever beam; so that when the motor moves, the belt cylindrical rod 10, the flange 9, the circular hub 7, the L-shaped base 15, the clamping device, the iron-gallium alloy 19 and the pickup coil 4 will rotate together. The vibration exciter is placed on the side face of the device, a vibration boss of the vibration exciter is tangent to the circular hub 7 in the thickness direction, and when the vibration exciter vibrates, the circular hub 7 is driven to vibrate. Under the independent action and the composite action of the two practical forces, the iron-gallium alloy 19 can generate deformation. According to the principle of power generation of the material of the iron-gallium alloy 19, an induced electromotive force is generated in the pickup coil 4. Because the device is applied in a rotating environment, the winding phenomenon can occur in the voltage monitoring process, in order to solve the problem, the two ends of the pickup coil 4 are connected with the conducting wires on the conducting slip ring, and the conducting wires at the other end of the conducting slip ring are connected with an oscilloscope for voltage monitoring, so that the process of absorbing rotation and vibration to generate electricity in the running process of a vehicle is realized.

The dimensions of the material of the iron-gallium alloy 19 were 50mm (length) × 17mm (width) × 0.5mm (height), and the dimensions of the material of the aluminum alloy base 16 were 70mm (length) × 17mm (width) × 0.3mm (height); the pickup coil 4 is directly wound on the composite cantilever beam by 1500 turns by taking 10mm away from the clamping end of the composite cantilever beam as a starting point and the wire diameter of 25 mm; the permanent magnets 8 are fixed at the positions 40mm away from the clamping end, and the left and the right are respectively arranged at the two sides of the cantilever beam; the device is fixed on a GEAR HEAD 5GN-5KB 19-03-25X single-phase speed regulating motor through a coupler, the single-phase speed regulating motor provides a periodic excitation source for the device, and the rotating speed is controlled through a rotating speed regulator; the SINOCERA JZK-20 vibration exciter is placed on the side edge of the device, the vibration boss is tangent along the thickness direction of the circular hub, the amplitude and the working frequency of the vibration exciter are adjusted through a YE5873A power amplifier and a YE1311 signal generator, and the output voltage is monitored by a DPO 2014B oscilloscope.

Experimental procedures and results:

(1) stimulation of simulated wheel rotation

The device is arranged on a motor, the motor and the power supply of an oscilloscope are switched on, the rotating speed regulator is regulated to gradually increase the rotating speed of the motor from 10r/min to 90r/min, and voltage values generated at different rotating speeds are respectively measured. The results are shown in FIG. 17. Within the rotating speed range of 0r/min-40r/min, the voltage value increases firstly and then decreases along with the increase of the rotating speed, and at the rotating speed of 30r/min, the voltage peak value is 396 mv. And as the rotating speed is further increased, the deformation of the cantilever beam is increased, the generated electric energy is further increased, and the voltage reaches the maximum value 468mv when the rotating speed is 90 r/min.

(2) Excitation simulating road jolt (sine)

And (4) turning off the power supply of the motor, and switching on the power supplies of the vibration exciter, the power amplifier, the signal generator and the oscilloscope. The vibration amplitude of the vibration exciter is expressed by acceleration, is fixed to be 4.32g, and the vibration frequency of the vibration exciter is changed under the condition that the amplitude is kept unchanged. The signal generator was adjusted to gradually increase the vibration frequency from 4Hz to 14Hz, and the magnitude of the voltage generated by the device at different vibration frequencies was measured, and as a result, as shown in fig. 18, the voltage generated by the device increased and then decreased as the vibration frequency increased, and reached a voltage peak value of 550mV at a frequency around 8Hz for the first time. The vibration frequency was increased further, and when the vibration frequency was 14Hz, the voltage reached 610 mV.

(3) Combined action of wheel rotation and road jolt

In order to further approach the real driving situation of the automobile, the sinusoidal road jolt vibration excitation is applied while the rotation motion of the wheels is simulated, and the vibration energy collection situation of the device under the combined action of the two excitations is explored. And turning on a power supply of the motor, and adjusting the rotating speed regulator to enable the rotating speed to gradually increase from 10 r/min. Meanwhile, the amplitude of the vibration exciter is ensured to be the same as that in the step (2), the initial vibration frequency is adjusted to be 4hz, and the initial vibration frequency is gradually increased by taking 1hz as a unit. Considering that the rotation excitation and the vibration excitation are applied simultaneously, the superposition of the two excitations can cause the vibration amplitude of the device to be overlarge, and in order to avoid damaging the device, the maximum values of the rotating speed and the vibration frequency are properly reduced in the experimental process. The voltage values at different rotational speeds and vibration frequencies are finally measured as shown in fig. 19. When both rotational and vibrational excitation are applied, the vibrational energy harvesting effect is much greater than the effect of applying a single excitation condition. And the first voltage peak appears when the vibration frequency is 8hz and the rotating speed is 30r/min, and the peak voltage is about 1.5 to 2.2 times of the peak voltage under single excitation. The rotating speed and the vibration frequency are further increased, the generated voltage is increased, and the maximum voltage generated under the experimental condition can reach 1 v.

(4) White noise and rotational excitation

The vibration generated by the contact of the automobile and the road surface in the driving process depends on the road surface condition to a great extent, and the road surface jolt vibration borne by the wheels in the driving process is more random due to the uncontrollable flatness of the road surface. The power supply of the motor is turned off, the signal generator is selected to be in a white noise mode, the vibration amplitude of the white noise controlled by the power amplifier is adjusted to be gradually increased from 2.28g to 9.6g, and the voltage generated by the device under the vibration excitation of the white noise with different amplitudes is measured. As shown in fig. 20. Next, a rotational excitation was added under a single white noise excitation, and the rotational speed regulator was gradually increased in units of 10r/min from 10 r/min. The experimental result is shown in fig. 21, the experimental voltage is reflected by color scale, the output voltage is relatively large under the conditions that the rotating speed is 35-50r/min and the acceleration is 8-9.6g, and the output voltage is maximum under the conditions that the acceleration is 9.6g and the rotating speed is 50r/min, and the maximum voltage reaches 1.22V.

Example 2 Circuit simulation and experiment

(1) Simulation and result:

the circuit was simulated in the ltsspice, and the models of all the electronic devices used in the simulated circuit are shown in fig. 8. It is particularly noted that the actual input voltage is not an ideal sinusoidal signal due to the non-linear operation of the converter. As shown in fig. 22 and 23, the input voltage of the experimental simulation converter is 0.5V (n006) ac, and the frequency is 100 Hz. The duty cycle is controlled to 0.75V (n004), the switching frequency of the converter operation is 10kHz, and the rated load RL is 200 Ω. The converter starts to operate stably until about 4ms, and the stable output voltage is about 3.3v (n 008).

(2) And (3) experimental verification results:

a simulated circuit diagram is built through the existing electronic device, and because the inductor of experimental simulation and the LT3009 device are very small and cannot be connected, the effect that the inductors of several plug-in types cannot achieve is achieved, the lithium ion battery of 3.7V is adopted for replacing, and the test is carried out under the existing condition. The results of the experiment are shown in FIGS. 24 and 25. During the experiment, the maximum alternating voltage generated by the vibration device is 770mV, and the maximum alternating voltage can be converted into a direct voltage of about 550mV through the energy collection and conversion device.

And (4) conclusion:

the device and the method provided by the invention have the advantages of simple and reasonable structure and convenience in operation, and have important reference significance for collecting vibration energy in a rotating environment and further supplying power to wireless sensing equipment. Meanwhile, the single-stage converter is provided by the design, so that the efficiency of directly improving the low alternating voltage of the micro generator to the available direct voltage level is higher.

Claims

1. A magnetostrictive rotary vibration collecting and utilizing device is characterized in that: the composite cantilever beam of the device is an integrated structure formed by an aluminum alloy substrate (16) and an iron-gallium alloy (19) which are attached together, the length of the aluminum alloy substrate (16) is greater than that of the iron-gallium alloy (19), one end of the aluminum alloy substrate (16) is aligned with one end of the iron-gallium alloy (19), the end part of the aligned end of the aluminum alloy substrate (16) and the iron-gallium alloy (19) is a fixed part, and the part except the fixed part is a free part; a mass block (17) is fixed at the end part of the free part, a pickup coil (4) is wound on the overlapping part of an aluminum alloy substrate (16) and an iron-gallium alloy (19) of the free part, and two end connectors of the pickup coil (4) are connected with a converter; the end part of the fixing part is clamped on a clamping device, the clamping device is fixed on the upper surface of the long end of the L-shaped base (15), and the lower surface of the long end of the L-shaped base (15) is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the circular hub (7); the upper part of the short end of the L-shaped base (15) is fixedly connected with the supporting device (2), the L-shaped base (15) and the supporting device (2) form a frame structure with one open end, rectangular thin plates (14) are fixedly arranged on two side faces of the frame structure, and permanent magnets (8) are fixed on the opposite inner sides of the two rectangular thin plates (14); the lower surface of the circular hub (7) is fixedly connected with the flange plate (9); the connecting plate (9) is fixedly connected with the cylindrical rod (10); the cylindrical rod (10) is fixedly connected with a rotatable central shaft.

2. A magnetostrictive rotary vibration collecting and utilizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the length D of the fixed part is 10mm, the pickup coil (4) takes the boundary of the fixed part and the free part as a winding point and is wound towards the end part of the free part, the diameter of the wound wire is 25mm, and the number of turns is 1400 and 1600 turns.

3. A magnetostrictive rotary vibration collecting and utilizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the clamping device comprises an inverted T-shaped support (22) and rectangular block blocks (5), the bottom end of the inverted T-shaped support (22) is fixed on the upper surface of the long end of the L-shaped base (15), and the end part of the free part is clamped between the two rectangular block blocks (5).

4. A magnetostrictive rotary vibration collecting and utilizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: rectangular sheets (14) are fixed at the optimal pre-magnetization field positions on both sides of the frame structure.

5. A magnetostrictive rotary vibration collecting and utilizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the permanent magnet (8) is a structure formed by stacking a plurality of permanent magnets with the same size.

6. A magnetostrictive rotary vibration collecting and utilizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the circuit of the converter is that the positive pole of a fourth power supply voltage (V4) is connected with one end of an inductor (L), and the other end of the inductor (L) is respectively connected with one end of a first switch (H1), the positive pole of a third diode (D3), the negative pole of a fourth diode (D4), the positive pole of a first diode (D1) and the negative pole of a second diode (D2); the other end of the first switch (H1) is connected with one end of the second switch (H2), and the other end of the second switch (H2) is connected with the negative pole of the fourth power supply voltage (V4); the cathode of the third diode (D3) is respectively connected with the cathode of the fifth diode (D5), the anode of the seventh diode (D7), the anode of the first comparator (U1) and the anode of the third capacitor (C3); the fifth diode (D5) and the seventh diode (D7) are connected in parallel and are simultaneously connected with one end of the first resistor (R1) and the positive electrode of the first power supply voltage (V1); the other end of the first resistor (R1) is connected with one end of the second resistor (R2), the anode of the seventh capacitor (C7), the anode of the first comparator (U1) and the cathode of the second comparator (U2); the second resistor (R2) is connected in parallel with the seventh capacitor (C7) and is simultaneously connected with the negative pole of the fourth power voltage (V4), the negative pole of the first power voltage (V1), the positive pole of the second power voltage (V2), the negative pole of the third capacitor (C3) and the positive pole of the fourth capacitor (C4); the negative electrode of the third capacitor (C3) is connected with the positive electrode of the fourth capacitor (C4), the negative electrode of the first power voltage (V1) and the positive electrode of the second power voltage (V2); the negative electrode of the fourth capacitor (C4) is connected with the positive electrode of the fourth diode (D4), the negative electrode of the first comparator (U1) and the negative electrode of the second comparator (U2); the cathode of the second power supply voltage (V2) is connected with the cathode of the sixth diode (D6) and the anode of the eighth diode (D8); the sixth diode (D6) is connected in parallel with the eighth diode (D8) and is simultaneously connected with the anode of the fourth diode (D4), the cathode of the fourth capacitor (C4), the cathode of the first comparator (U1) and the cathode of the second comparator (U2); the cathode of the first diode (D1) is connected with one end of the first capacitor (C1), the anode of the fifth capacitor (C5) and IN and SHDN ends of the chip (24); the other end of the first capacitor (C1) is connected with the anode of the second capacitor (C2), the cathode of the seventh capacitor (C7), the cathode of the third capacitor (C3), the other end of the second resistor (R2), the cathode of the first power supply voltage (V1), the anode of the second power supply voltage (V2) and the anode of the fourth capacitor (C4); the cathode of the second capacitor (C2) is connected with the anode of the second diode (D2) and the cathode of the fifth capacitor (C5); the OUT end of the chip (24) is connected with one end of a sixth capacitor (C6) and one end of a fourth resistor (R4); the sixth capacitor (C6) is connected in parallel with the fourth resistor (R4) and is simultaneously connected with the GND terminal of the chip (24), the cathode of the fifth capacitor (C5), the cathode of the second capacitor (C2) and the anode of the second diode (D2); the positive pole of the sixth power supply voltage (V6) is connected with the negative pole of the first comparator (U1) and the positive pole of the second comparator (U2); the tip of the first comparator (V510) and the tip of the PI-controlled second comparator (U2) are respectively connected with the other ends of the first switch (H1) and the second switch (H2) of the bidirectional switch; the negative pole of the sixth power supply voltage (V6) is grounded; the fourth supply voltage (V4) is connected to the pick-up coil (4).

7. A collecting method of a magnetostrictive rotary vibration collecting and utilizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

1) the device is arranged on a central shaft of a rotating body, and stress change is calculated according to a deformation model of a cantilever beam; then obtaining the relation between the magnetic field change and the stress according to the linear piezomagnetic model; the induced electromotive force of the pickup coil (4) is obtained through the change of the magnetic field;

2) the induced electromotive force of the pick-up coil (4) converts alternating current into direct current through a converter to supply power to power consumption equipment.

8. The collecting method of a magnetostrictive rotary vibration collecting and utilizing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: the deformation model of the cantilever beam is as follows:

9. The collecting method of a magnetostrictive rotary vibration collecting and utilizing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: the linear piezomagnetic model is:

10. The collecting method of a magnetostrictive rotary vibration collecting and utilizing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: the calculation formula of the induced electromotive force of the pick-up coil (4) is as follows: