CN113742484A - Intelligent evaluation method and system for relay protection action behavior - Google Patents
Intelligent evaluation method and system for relay protection action behavior Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a relay protection action intelligent evaluation method and a system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring and preprocessing fault event information; analyzing the preprocessed information data and generating a data linked list; calling data in a data linked list to calculate to obtain characteristic quantities of required parameters; according to the characteristic quantity, in combination with the relay protection action condition, calling a pre-constructed expert rule module for identification and judgment; and analyzing and evaluating the action behavior of the relay protection in the event according to the identification and judgment result, pushing the event which cannot be automatically identified and judged to manual examination and updating and perfecting the knowledge base in the expert rule module aiming at the event. The invention realizes the full coverage of the analysis and evaluation of the protection action behaviors of the power system, does not need to grade the protection action events according to the influence degree, effectively reduces the requirements on the knowledge and experience of auditors, and improves the processing pertinence and efficiency of field defects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of relay protection analysis of a power system, in particular to an intelligent evaluation method and system for relay protection action behaviors.
Background
For a power system, faults are almost inevitable, and a large number of protection action events correspond to the faults occurring in the power system, and particularly, when severe weather such as thunderstorm occurs, hundreds of protection action events are generated at night by one power grid city company. However, at present, each network province company still highly relies on manual synthesis of various action signals, switch opening and closing information, fault recording and the like for post-accident analysis of relay protection action behavior evaluation, and a systematic and perfect intelligent analysis mechanism is not established yet.
Currently, the following method is adopted for evaluating the relay protection action:
extracting information related to relay protection actions, such as protection action signals, switch opening and closing signals, switch position signals and the like, from a data system, such as a D5000 system;
according to a certain strategy, collected protection action event information is divided into I, II and III levels from high to low according to possible influence degrees, for example, a system captures a failure protection action as an I level event, the system captures a main transformer differential protection action as an II level event, and the system captures a 10kV line protection action as an III level event. The third-level event is directly defaulted to be a correct action and is not manually rechecked, and the I, II-level event needs a basic level operation and maintenance unit to manually compile protection action analysis reports one by one and uploads the protection action analysis reports to a web system in an attachment form;
and then, the specially-assigned person audits the action analysis report, and provides an evaluation conclusion for protecting the correctness of the action according to the report content and by combining other related materials.
The above method has the following disadvantages:
1. the system has a simple grading strategy for protection events, the granularity is too large, the principle and the matching logic of the relay protection device are very complex, and the incorrect protection action event under a part of complex working conditions can be misjudged as a class III event and exceeds manual review, so that the full coverage of the manual analysis and evaluation of mass protection action behaviors is difficult to realize;
2. in practice, most relay protection devices are correct and conventional in action behaviors, huge repetitive workload is caused by one-by-one auditing, so that the serious waste of human resources is obviously caused, and the false judgment and the missing judgment caused by human factors are difficult to be completely avoided, so that hidden dangers are buried in safe operation;
3. for the condition that the protection action is incorrect, various information needs to be artificially synthesized to comb and judge the reason of the incorrect action, so that the efficiency is low, and the requirement on the experience level of personnel is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an intelligent evaluation method and system for relay protection action, which establish a knowledge base of a relay protection principle and a rule base for action evaluation, namely an expert rule module, through an artificial intelligence means, establish an intelligent analysis and evaluation method and platform for protection action based on the expert rule module, automatically give an evaluation result according to related evaluation regulation requirements, and practically improve the intelligent level of a power grid and the lean management level of relay protection.
The invention provides an intelligent evaluation method for relay protection action behaviors, which comprises the following steps:
s1: acquiring fault event information, and performing classification, verification and duplicate removal preprocessing operations;
s2: analyzing the preprocessed information data and generating a data linked list;
s3: calling data in the data linked list to calculate to obtain characteristic quantities of required parameters;
s4: calling a pre-constructed expert rule module to analyze the obtained characteristic quantities and judge the fault type;
s5: the expert rule module analyzes and evaluates the protection action in combination with the relay protection action condition, if an evaluation result can be obtained, the step S6 is executed, if the expert rule module cannot obtain the evaluation result, the fault event is pushed to manual examination and verification, and a knowledge base in the expert rule module is updated;
s6: and outputting the evaluation result of the relay protection action behavior, and outputting the corresponding possible incorrect action reason for the incorrect action condition.
Further, in step S1, the fault event information includes system impedance, component parameters, protection device fixed values, alarm signals, event records, and fault recording files;
the classification is classified and stored according to the data format of each information data;
the verification is to carry out consistency verification on the same information data and confirm the inconsistent data manually;
the de-duplication is to remove the acquired duplicate data.
Further, in step S2, the data linked list includes an analog quantity linked list and a switching quantity linked list, and the generating process is as follows:
and for the preprocessed data, acquiring voltage and current data values corresponding to each sampling moment in a fault recording file, and establishing analog quantity linked lists of the relation between different sampling moments and different types of voltage and current analog quantities and switching quantity linked lists of the relation between different sampling moments and different phase switch tripping positions, switching-on positions, tripping signals and protection action signal switching quantities.
Further, in step S3, the feature quantity calculation process is as follows:
acquiring three-phase current and voltage instantaneous values of each sampling moment in a data chain table;
calculating phasors of voltage and current by adopting a full-wave Fourier algorithm;
calculating the voltage or current amplitude difference value of adjacent sampling moments, and identifying the starting moment of the fault;
and calculating the variable quantities of the three-phase voltage and the current at the sampling time before and after the fault starting time.
Further, in step S5, the relay protection action includes a line protection action, a bus protection action, and a transformer protection action;
the analysis was specifically as follows:
if the line is protected, acquiring the electrical quantity of the current side or two sides of the line, judging the fault direction by adopting a zero-sequence direction element algorithm and a negative-sequence direction element algorithm, and calculating the fault distance by adopting a double-end distance measurement algorithm or a single-end distance measurement algorithm;
if the bus protection acts, calculating large differential current, small differential current and composite voltage of each bus before and after the fault;
if the transformer is in protection action, calculating the differential flow of each side before and after the fault, and judging the fault direction by adopting a zero and negative sequence direction element algorithm for each side.
The invention also provides an intelligent evaluation system for the relay protection action behavior, which comprises a data subsystem, an information acquisition and processing module, a data calculation module, an expert rule module and a manual auditing module;
the data subsystem is each digital system in the current power system, and is connected with the information acquisition processing module through a corresponding data interface to realize data transmission;
the data acquisition processing module is in data connection with the data calculation module and is used for receiving the information data of each data subsystem, and performing classification, verification and duplicate removal processing to generate a data linked list;
the data calculation module is in data connection with the expert rule module and is used for calling data in a data linked list to calculate to obtain characteristic quantities of required parameters and inputting the characteristic quantities into the expert rule module;
the expert rule module is used for calculating and matching the characteristic quantity of the parameter with the stored rule characteristics, outputting the result if the result is matched, sending the characteristic quantity of the parameter to the manual auditing module if the result is not matched, and updating the knowledge base in the expert rule module after the auditing is passed.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the fault theory, the relay protection action principle and the manual analysis method of the power system are extracted and quantized to form a knowledge base, an expert rule module is constructed to comprehensively cover various fault types and massive protection action evaluation of the power system, data at various sampling moments are analyzed and processed, features stored in the expert rule module are called according to the analysis results to perform matching identification, an accurate evaluation result is obtained, the expert rule module can be timely updated for the unrecorded fault types and protection action events in the matching identification process, the protection action events do not need to be classified according to the influence degree, and the accuracy and the speed of analysis and evaluation are improved.
2. The evaluation system establishes data connection with data systems in other current power systems through a data interface, acquires fault event information comprehensively in real time, and ensures the perfection and effectiveness of the data through data processing, thereby greatly improving the collection and arrangement efficiency of information required by protective action behavior evaluation.
3. When the expert rule module is called to analyze and match, whether the protection action behavior is correct or not can be comprehensively judged by combining the collected data such as the fixed value and the like, and corresponding possible reasons can be automatically pushed out under the condition that the protection action is incorrect, so that the requirement on the knowledge experience of the auditors is effectively reduced, and the processing pertinence and efficiency of field defects are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall flow diagram of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the analysis and evaluation part of the method of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the following description, technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
s1: acquiring fault event information, and performing classification, verification and duplicate removal preprocessing operations;
acquiring fault event information data from other digital systems related to the power system, for example, reading information such as system impedance, line or element parameters, relay protection device setting values and the like from a constant value integrated management and control system, and acquiring related alarm signals, event information, fault recording files and the like from a protection information substation;
when the information is obtained from the system, the information is a data packet transmitted by the corresponding system, the analog quantity and the switching value contained in the data packet are extracted from the data packet, and the data packet is classified according to the data format; and then, verifying the classified data, wherein the data is from a plurality of systems, the plurality of systems contain the same data information, and manual verification, confirmation, modification and duplicate removal are needed for the condition of different parameter values of the same parameter data.
S2: analyzing the preprocessed information data and generating a data linked list;
in this embodiment, after data in the fault recording file is extracted and preprocessed, the data linked list is constructed, where the data linked list includes an analog linked list and a switching value linked list, and a specific generation process is as follows:
acquiring voltage and current data values corresponding to each sampling moment in a fault recording file, and establishing analog quantity linked lists of relationships between different sampling moments and different types of voltage and current analog quantities and switching quantity linked lists of relationships between different sampling moments and different phase switch tripping positions, switching-on positions, tripping signals and protection action signal switching quantities;
the voltage and current analog quantity comprises three-phase voltage and current, zero-sequence voltage and current, negative-sequence voltage and current, and the switching value comprises TWJ (trip position) and HWJ (switching-on position) of a three-phase switch, each phase TJ (trip relay) and a protection action signal.
With reference to fig. 2, after the data linked list is constructed, analyzing and evaluating the fault based on the information data in the data linked list:
s3: calling data in the data linked list to calculate to obtain characteristic quantities of required parameters;
acquiring three-phase current and voltage instantaneous values of each sampling moment in the data linked list according to the constructed data linked list;
calculating the phasor of the obtained voltage and current data by adopting a full-wave Fourier algorithm; and calculating the voltage or current amplitude difference value of adjacent sampling moments, and identifying the starting moment of the fault. Identifying the fault starting time according to the sudden change, the zero sequence and the negative sequence component of the voltage, the current drop, the sudden rise and the like in the data linked list, for example, calculating the current or voltage change value of the adjacent sampling time, and judging whether the change value exceeds a preset change threshold value, wherein under the normal condition, the amplitudes of the voltage and the current are almost unchanged and the fluctuation is very small, so that if the change value exceeds the preset change threshold value, the current time is the fault starting time;
and calculating the variation of the three-phase current and the voltage before and after the fault time corresponding to the sampling time, namely calculating the variation quantity delta UA, delta UB, delta UC, delta IA, delta IB and delta IC before and after the three-phase voltage and the current which are separated by integer cycles before and after the fault.
And identifying and judging the characteristic quantity based on the expert rule module, and judging the matching degree of the characteristic quantity and each fault type characteristic stored in the expert rule module.
In this embodiment, the fault types in the expert rule module include:
AG: phase a single-phase ground fault, AB: AB two-phase interphase short circuit fault, ABG: AB two-phase ground fault, BG: phase B single-phase earth fault, BC: BC two-phase interphase short-circuit fault, BCG BC two-phase ground fault, CG C phase single-phase ground fault, CA two-phase interphase short-circuit fault, CAG CA two-phase ground fault and ABC three-phase fault.
S5: analyzing by combining with the action condition of the relay protection, if an evaluation result can be obtained according to the expert rule module, namely calculation convergence, executing a step S6, if the evaluation result cannot be obtained, namely calculation non-convergence, manually auditing the fault event, and updating a knowledge base in the expert rule module;
the analysis procedure was as follows:
performing related calculation by combining relay protection actions according to the output fault type result to obtain the position of a fault point;
according to the determined position of the fault point, authorizing the action condition of the protection device of the fault element;
according to the action condition of the protection device, whether the protection action is correct or not is judged by collecting data such as fixed values, impedance and the like in the acquired fault information data, and corresponding possible reasons and evaluation results such as correct action, incorrect action, non-evaluation and the like stored in the expert rule module are output.
The relay protection action comprises a line protection action, a bus protection action and a transformer protection action;
if the line is protected, acquiring the electrical quantity of the current side or two sides of the line, judging the fault direction by adopting a zero-sequence direction element algorithm and a negative-sequence direction element algorithm, and calculating the fault distance by adopting a double-end distance measurement algorithm or a single-end distance measurement algorithm;
the zero sequence direction element algorithm is as follows:
if it satisfies
The fault point is considered to be located in the positive direction of protection, otherwise, the fault point is located in the negative direction;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
representing the zero sequence impedance angle of the system element,
the zero sequence voltage at the location of the protection installation is shown,
indicating the zero sequence current at the protection installation.
The negative sequence direction element algorithm is as follows:
if it satisfies
The fault point is considered to be located in the positive direction of protection, otherwise, the fault point is located in the negative direction;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
representing the negative sequence impedance angle of the system element,
indicating the negative sequence voltage at the protection installation,
representing the negative sequence current at the protection installation.
The double-end ranging algorithm has the following calculation formula:
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the equivalent circuit structure of the system at the fault; is constructed onThe equation of the two sides is described, and the distance l between the fault point and the protection installation position of the M side can be calculatedk。
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
respectively are fault phase voltages at the line protection installation positions at two sides,
respectively are fault phase currents at the line protection installation positions at two sides,
respectively zero sequence current at the protection installation positions of the lines at two sides, wherein l is the total length of the line, and Z1The positive sequence impedance of each kilometer of the line is represented by K, and the zero sequence compensation coefficient of the line is represented by K.
The single-ended ranging algorithm is calculated as follows:
if the bus protection acts, calculating large differential current, small differential current and composite voltage of each bus before and after the fault;
if the transformer is in protection action, calculating the differential flow of each side before and after the fault, and judging the fault direction by adopting a zero and negative sequence direction element algorithm for each side.
S6: and outputting the evaluation result of the relay protection action behavior, and outputting the corresponding possible incorrect action reason for the incorrect action condition.
Example 2
The embodiment 2 of the invention provides an intelligent evaluation system for relay protection action behaviors, which comprises a data subsystem, an information acquisition and processing module, a data calculation module, an expert rule module and a manual auditing module, wherein the data subsystem is used for acquiring information of a user;
the data subsystem is each digital system in the current power system, and is connected with the information acquisition processing module through a corresponding data interface to realize data transmission;
the data acquisition processing module is in data connection with the data calculation module and is used for receiving the information data of each data subsystem, and performing classification, verification and duplicate removal processing to generate a data linked list;
the data calculation module is in data connection with the expert rule module and is used for calling data in a data linked list to calculate to obtain characteristic quantities of required parameters and inputting the characteristic quantities into the expert rule module;
the expert rule module is used for calculating and matching the characteristic quantity of the parameter with the stored rule characteristics, outputting the result if the result is matched, sending the characteristic quantity of the parameter to the manual auditing module if the result is not matched, and updating the knowledge base in the expert rule module after the auditing is passed.
The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed.
Claims (6)
1. An intelligent evaluation method for relay protection action behaviors is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: acquiring fault event information, and performing classification, verification and duplicate removal preprocessing operations;
s2: analyzing the preprocessed information data and generating a data linked list;
s3: calling data in the data linked list to calculate to obtain characteristic quantities of required parameters;
s4: calling a pre-constructed expert rule module to analyze the obtained characteristic quantities and judge the fault type;
s5: the expert rule module analyzes and evaluates the protection action in combination with the relay protection action condition, if an evaluation result can be obtained, the step S6 is executed, if the expert rule module cannot obtain the evaluation result, the fault event is pushed to manual examination and verification, and a knowledge base in the expert rule module is updated;
s6: and outputting the evaluation result of the relay protection action behavior, and outputting the corresponding possible incorrect action reason for the incorrect action condition.
2. The intelligent evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the fault event information includes system impedance, component parameters, protection device setting values, alarm signals, event records, and fault recording files;
the classification is classified and stored according to the data format of each information data;
the verification is to carry out consistency verification on the same information data and confirm the inconsistent data manually;
the de-duplication is to remove the acquired duplicate data.
3. The intelligent evaluation method according to claim 2, wherein in step S2, the data linked list includes an analog quantity linked list and a switching quantity linked list, and the generation process is as follows:
and acquiring voltage and current data values corresponding to each sampling moment in the fault recording file for the preprocessed data, and establishing analog quantity linked lists of relations between different sampling moments and different types of voltage and current analog quantities and switching quantity linked lists of relations between different sampling moments and different phase switch tripping positions, switching-on positions, tripping signals and protection action signal switching quantities.
4. The intelligent evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the feature quantity calculation process is as follows:
acquiring three-phase current and voltage instantaneous values of each sampling moment in a data chain table;
calculating phasors of voltage and current by adopting a full-wave Fourier algorithm;
calculating the voltage or current amplitude difference value of adjacent sampling moments, and identifying the starting moment of the fault;
and calculating the variable quantities of the three-phase voltage and the current at the sampling time before and after the fault starting time.
5. The intelligent evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, the relay protection operation includes a line protection operation, a bus protection operation, and a transformer protection operation;
the analytical evaluation was specifically as follows:
if the line is protected, acquiring the electrical quantity of the current side or two sides of the line, judging the fault direction by adopting a zero-sequence direction element algorithm and a negative-sequence direction element algorithm, and calculating the fault distance by adopting a double-end distance measurement algorithm or a single-end distance measurement algorithm;
if the bus protection acts, calculating large differential current, small differential current and composite voltage of each bus before and after the fault;
if the transformer is in protection action, calculating the differential flow of each side before and after the fault, and judging the fault direction by adopting a zero and negative sequence direction element algorithm for each side.
6. An intelligent evaluation system for relay protection action behaviors is characterized by comprising a data subsystem, an information acquisition and processing module, a data calculation module, an expert rule module and a manual auditing module;
the data subsystem is each digital system in the current power system, and is connected with the information acquisition processing module through a corresponding data interface to realize data transmission;
the data acquisition processing module is in data connection with the data calculation module and is used for receiving the information data of each data subsystem, and performing classification, verification and duplicate removal processing to generate a data linked list;
the data calculation module is in data connection with the expert rule module and is used for calling data in a data linked list to calculate to obtain characteristic quantities of required parameters and inputting the characteristic quantities into the expert rule module;
the expert rule module is used for calculating and matching the characteristic quantity of the parameter with the stored rule characteristics, outputting the result if the result is matched, sending the characteristic quantity of the parameter to the manual auditing module if the result is not matched, and updating the knowledge base in the expert rule module after the auditing is passed.
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