CN1137409C - Automatic focusing method - Google Patents

Automatic focusing method Download PDF

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CN1137409C
CN1137409C CNB98100959XA CN98100959A CN1137409C CN 1137409 C CN1137409 C CN 1137409C CN B98100959X A CNB98100959X A CN B98100959XA CN 98100959 A CN98100959 A CN 98100959A CN 1137409 C CN1137409 C CN 1137409C
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value
focal length
image
eigenwert
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CN1229931A (en
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蔡启斌
黄建邦
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QUANYOU COMPUTER STOCK-SHARING Co Ltd
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QUANYOU COMPUTER STOCK-SHARING Co Ltd
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Abstract

The present invention relates to an automatic focusing method. In the method, a position of the widest gray scale distribution or the strongest contrast of a scanned object is found out, or a lens is aligned to a position to be focused; in addition, an adjustable range for the focal length of an optical element is set. When an automatic focusing instruction is started, a focal length adjusting mechanism drives the optical element to find out image electric signal characteristic values corresponding to different optical paths or focal length, and moreover, linear analysis and comparison are simultaneously carried out for the image signal characteristic values step by step in the process of the linear scanning; only an optimal characteristic value before scanning the position and a focal length position corresponding to the optimal characteristic value are retained. Lastly, the focal length adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the optical element to have focal length with the optimal characteristic value in all focal length positions, and in this way, an automatic focusing process is completed.

Description

Automatic focusing method
Affiliated field
The present invention relates to a kind of automatic focusing method, particularly a kind of automatic focusing method of in optical camera system, adjusting image focal length.
Background technology
In traditional image-input device,, all be the action of before pickup image, must focusing, to obtain preferable picture quality as electronic type thumbnail image projector, microscope, camera and video camera etc.Yet these traditional images input medias still are manual focus a lot, and therefore, with user's difference, the picture quality of being got differs.In addition, the optical system that image-input device comprised as image analyzer usually is used as analyte or scanned intensity profile (Grey Distribution) or contrast (Contract) signal of going up imaging in optical sensor (Optical Sensor) as CCD, after a succession of calculation process of process feeds back to system controller, (as scanning platform, lens, CCD etc.) carry out self-adjusting foundation as relevant optical on the light path, and then reach automatic focusing (Auto Focns) effect.
In relevant prior art, it is to utilize the reference pattern (ReferencePattern) that designs in advance to be attached on the scanned fixed position that the method for automatic focusing has a kind of, adjust the focal length of optical element by optical sensor at the focusing degree of above-mentioned reference pattern institute video picture again, to reach the purpose of automatic focusing.But, this reference picture that utilizes is affixed on automatic focusing method on scanned, though help optical facilities when each focusing, only need on ad-hoc location, to take a sample focusing, to shorten the automatic focusing time, the reference pattern of pasting can not reflect the scanned intensity profile own and the optimum condition of contrast really, be the focusing state of examining pattern is used as scanned focusing foundation, so the image of picked-up might produce the clear and scanned image blurring situation of reference pattern own at most.
In addition, adjusting on the method for optical element in the prior art, there is the mode of approaching of utilization to look for focusing state, this mode of approaching is that the non-focusing state with the optical element place is reference position (Home Position), adjusts the focal length of this optical element one by one and finds out preferable focusing state to approach.Yet, the focal length that the utilization mode of approaching is adjusted optical element is easy to generate from the caused noise interference of machinery, influence the degree of accuracy of image capture quality and focusing, and to approach the focusing state of finding out may be relative focusing state, be not the absolute focusing state in the focusing.As shown in Figure 1, display optics is in the focusing state of focal range, the focusing state in the curve 1 expression focal range.When optical element is reference position (Home Position) with position A, and drive optical element by gear train and begin gradually to approach toward preferable focusing state, therefore, the focusing state of finding out of approaching only rests on the B of position, and the absolute focusing state in the focal range is on the C of position.Though this approaches mode and can not finding out the focusing state result in the special time when focusing automatically, can not guarantee that the result who finds out is best focusing state at every turn at every turn.
In the prior art, the U.S. the 4th, the Autofocus Technology that discloses in 762, No. 985 patents " AUTO-FOCUS APPARTUS APPLIED TOIMAGE READING APPARTUS AND THE LIKE " is to utilize to set the focusing state that dynamic thresholding is obtained focal range.Referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 3, the focusing state 3 that this focusing technology is produced by sweep signal 2.When scanned the CCD imaging when more level and smooth, dynamically the threshold values TC that adjusts will produce relative focusing state 3, and level and smooth focusing state will make optical element be difficult for determining the position of absolute focusing state in focal range.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide simple and easy, the effect height of focusing automatically of a kind of operational analysis, and to the little automatic focusing method of optical system restriction.This method is need not increase the auxiliary of reference pattern and install special entity additional on image-input device, and keep the linear sweep of the gear train almost constant speed motion of focusing automatically to reduce mechanical disturbance, with the automatic focusing method of the relative focusing state that obtains scanned absolute focusing state but not approach.
Automatic focusing method of the present invention, be used to adjust the image focal length of an optical camera system to subject matter, above-mentioned optical camera system comprises an optical module and a focal length adjusting mechanism, and above-mentioned automatic focusing method comprises following step: the focusing reference position of setting subject matter; Above-mentioned focal length adjusting mechanism is progressively adjusted the focal length of above-mentioned optical module and changed this focusing reference position in the adjustable focal length scope image is an electric signal, and calculates the eigenwert of this electric signal, the focal position that record has the best features value; And above-mentioned focal length adjusting mechanism is adjusted to above-mentioned focal position with best features value with above-mentioned optical module, the focusing reference position of wherein setting subject matter comprises: select several zones or the line position of this subject matter, the image of changing this several regional position with above-mentioned optical module is an electric signal; Calculate the eigenwert of the electric signal of above-mentioned several zones or line position, the record have the optkmal characteristics value zone or line position, and with this position serve as the focusing reference position; The eigenwert of wherein calculating above-said current signal comprises: calculate the difference of every pair of adjacent peak of this electric signal to peak value in regular turn; And all above-mentioned differences that add up, this aggregate-value is an eigenwert; Described best features value is maximum above-mentioned aggregate-value.
The image of wherein above-mentioned focusing reference position is a linear image.
The image of wherein above-mentioned focusing reference position is an area image.
Wherein above-mentioned difference is during less than a pre-set threshold value, and this difference is not added in the above-mentioned aggregate-value.
Wherein writing down the focal position with best features value comprises: the electric signal eigenwert that writes down the image of initial focal length is a record value; And progressively more present calculated feature values and record value, and write down both focal positions of eigenwert greatly.
Wherein writing down zone or line position with best features value comprises for the focusing reference position: the electric signal eigenwert of record initial zone or line position image is a record value; Progressively more present calculated feature values and record value, and write down both big eigenwert and zone or line position; And the zone of final entry or line position are the focusing reference position.
The eigenwert of wherein calculating above-said current signal comprises: calculate the every pair of adjacent area maximal value of this electric signal and the difference of regional minimum value in regular turn; And all above-mentioned differences that add up, this aggregate-value is an eigenwert.
Wherein above-mentioned best features value is maximum above-mentioned aggregate-value.
Wherein above-said current signal is the image comparison signal.
The present invention is used for plat form type scanning apparatus, with the image focal length of automatic adjustment one optical camera system to scanning document, above-mentioned optical camera system comprises lens, a CCD and a focal length adjusting mechanism at least, and above-mentioned automatic focusing method comprises: the one scan line position of setting scanning document is the focusing reference position; Above-mentioned focal length adjusting mechanism is progressively adjusted image distance and/or the object distance of above-mentioned CCD to this scanning document in the focus adjustable scope, and the image by this CCD conversion focusing reference position is a signal, and the eigenwert of calculating above-said current signal, the focal position that record has the best features value, and above-mentioned focal length adjusting mechanism is adjusted to the above-mentioned focal position that eigenwert is arranged most that has with optical camera system.
The one scan line position of wherein setting scanning document comprises for the focusing reference position: when prescan, changing that some scanning yokes look like is electric signal, and calculate the eigenwert of the electric signal of these some scan images, the scan line position that record has the best features value is the focusing reference position.
The eigenwert of wherein calculating above-said current signal comprises; Calculate this electric signal in regular turn at every turn to the difference of adjacent peak to peak value; And all above-mentioned differences that add up, this aggregate-value is an eigenwert.
Wherein above-mentioned difference is during less than a pre-set threshold value, and this difference is not added in the above-mentioned aggregate-value.
Wherein above-mentioned best features value is maximum above-mentioned aggregate-value.
Wherein record has the best features value and comprises: the electric signal eigenwert that writes down initial sweep trace or focal length images is a record value; And progressively more present calculated feature values and record value, and write down both big eigenwert and sweep trace or focal position.
The eigenwert of wherein calculating above-said current signal comprises: calculate the every pair of adjacent area maximal value of this electric signal and the difference of regional minimum value in regular turn; And all above-mentioned differences that add up, this aggregate-value is an eigenwert.
Wherein above-mentioned best features value is maximum above-mentioned aggregate-value.
Wherein above-said current signal is the image comparison signal.
Automatic focusing method of the present invention is to find out the position (as the employed state of image analyzer) that scanned middle intensity profile is the widest or contrast is the strongest, or with the position (as the employed state of electron microscope or micro shadow projector) of alignment lens desire focusing, and the adjustable extent of setting optical element (CCD) focal length, when starting focusing instruction automatically, the focal length adjusting mechanism moves with the almost constant speed and drives the electric image signal eigenwert that optical element is found out corresponding different light path or focal length, and in above-mentioned linear sweep process, simultaneously the eigenwert of picture signal is done progressively linear analysis relatively, only keep being scanned up to this place best features value and pairing focal position thereof before.Utilize the focal length adjusting mechanism to adjust the corresponding focal length that optical element has the best features value to all focal position at last, just finish automatic focusing program.
Automatic focusing method of the present invention and plurality of advantages thereof, feature can further be understood from following detailed description and accompanying drawing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a synoptic diagram of finding out relative focusing state in the prior art in the mode of approaching.
Fig. 2, Fig. 3 are that the dynamic thresholding of introducing in the United States Patent (USP) that utilizes is set the synoptic diagram of decision focusing state.
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram that present optical system is focused.
Fig. 5-Fig. 9 is the picture signal figure of focusing state.
Figure 10 is the present invention's process flow diagram of focusing automatically.
Figure 11 is the focusing state process flow diagram that the present invention calculates sweep trace.
Figure 12, Figure 13 are that the present invention utilizes dynamic thresholding to filter the picture signal figure of noise.
Embodiment
At first, be the application of common penetration optical scanner referring to the optical path of present optical camera system shown in Figure 4 and the synoptic diagram of focusing thereof.Light source 11 makes focusing thing or scanned 12, images in digital camera device (as CCD) 14 along optical path through lens 13 as the image on micro shadow film, egative film or the printing opacity file.This optical camera system also has focal length adjusting mechanism (not shown), this focus adjuster can be by the control of the automatic focusing method of narrating later, direction 15 moves relevant optical element (as CCD14 in Fig. 4, lens 13 or element 12) the position, make this optical pick-up apparatus obtain pinpointed focus for scanning document.
Referring to Fig. 5-scanned 12 picture signals that on digital camera device 14, obtained shown in Figure 9, wherein scanned 12 of Fig. 5 is one the reference sample of the inventive method to be described for example, when Fig. 6 is optical camera system focusing (Just-focusstate), the electric signal size curve 21 of optical pick-up apparatus every bit, Fig. 7 are the electric signal size curves 22 of the bad optical pick-up apparatus every bit of focusing.
When optical camera system was in best focusing state, the electric image signal contrast with intensity profile on relative position of curve 21 shows was strong; As when being in non-focusing state (out=of=focus-state), it is fuzzy that curve 22 will show on the relative position electric image signal contrast with intensity profile.
Therefore the present invention's focusing method automatically is to utilize optical camera system under different focal, the action that the different characteristic of the electric image signal of optical pick-up apparatus institute sensing is focused automatically.If Δ I is defined as the regional maximal value I of electric image signal MaxWith regional minimum value I MinDifference (or adjacent peak is to peak value), i.e. Δ I=I Max=I Min, can recognize by the difference of curve 21 and 22 that then the Δ I of the electric image signal under the best focusing state is greater than the Δ I of the bad state hypograph electric signal of focusing, the image comparison under the promptly best focusing state is stronger.So, the eigenwert of electric image signal is defined as the Δ I aggregate-value of this electric signal, the reference value with as focusing automatically the time.Corresponding curve 21 and 22, the pulse curve of its Δ I is presented at the curve 23 and 24 of Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 respectively.So the present invention is under the different focal situation, the eigenwert α of the electric image signal of the sweep trace of calculating optical element, i.e. α=∑ Δ I, and be the focal position of the best with the focal length situation with eigenvalue of maximum.
Referring to focus the automatically process flow diagram of method of the present invention shown in Figure 10.Automatic focusing program of the present invention at first begins operation by program 310, and shown in arrow, details are as follows for flow process.
Program 310: the one scan line of setting scanning document is as self-focusing reference scan line.
Program 320: with the focal length adjusting mechanism focal length of optical camera system is adjusted to initial position (Home position), and removes read-write memory.
Program 330: is electric signal by digital camera device (CCD) with the reference scan line image transitions.
Program 340: the characteristic number α of the electric signal of the scanning yoke picture that calculation procedure 330 is absorbed, promptly calculate α=∑ Δ I
Program 350: whether the eigenwert α of current scanline line is greater than the record value that stores in the storer; Be then to skip to program 360; Otherwise flow process jumps directly to program 370.
Program 360: the focal position of recording feature value α and this sweep trace correspondence is to read-write memory.
Program 370: whether the focal length adjusting mechanism all focal position of adjusted; Be then to skip to program 380; Otherwise, be adjusted to next focal position, and skip back to program 330.
Program 380: the focal length adjusting mechanism is adjusted optical element to the focal position that is write down, and promptly has the position of eigenvalue of maximum α.
When the operation of finishing program 380, this optical camera system reaches best focusing state (just-focus state) in its adjustable focal range
In above-mentioned automatic focusing program, by program 330 to program 370 formed loops, read-write memory only writes down one group of data, promptly only keep eigenwert α and the pairing focal position thereof that is scanned up to the best focusing state between the current focal length position by initial focal position, so do not need extra memory capacity, cost is reduced, and above-mentioned loop is simple and easy rapidly to the electric image signal operational analysis, make the focal length adjusting mechanism to carry out linear sweep by almost constant speed's mode of motion drive optical element, will lower effectively from the caused image noise of mechanism's disturbance.
Then referring in the present invention's focusing method automatically shown in Figure 11, program 340 is calculated the process flow diagram of the electric signal eigenwert α of scanning yoke picture.At first begin operation by program 341, details are as follows according to flow process shown in the arrow:
Program 341: set first pixel position of sweep trace and begin to calculate.
Program 342: seek one-period; Down find out regional minimum value I by desired location Min, then down find out the regional maximal value I that is right after MaxFor one-period occurs.
Program 343: calculated difference Δ I=I Max=I Min,
Program 344: the difference DELTA that adds up I is to aggregate-value ∑ Δ I.
Program 345: whether to last pixel position of sweep trace; Be then to skip to program 346; Otherwise flow process is back to program 342.
Program 346: the worthwhile eigenwert of making sweep trace of result of calculation aggregate-value ∑ Δ I is reached program 350.
When the operation of finishing program 346, promptly finish the eigenvalue calculation of this sweep trace on its focal position.Therefore, above-mentioned loop repetitive routine 340 just can calculate the eigenwert of each shift position according to the set focal range of gear train, and finds out best focusing state.
What deserves to be mentioned is in the present invention's focusing method automatically that focal range can be by the optical characteristics of this system and gear train tolerance (being Zoom In and Zoom Out scope) decision, and found out have a best features value { ∑ Δ I} MaxFocusing state, be focusing thing or scanned optimized image resolution, and calculate the eigenwert of all adjustable focal position, can guarantee to find absolute focusing state, and try to achieve with each scanning constant time, but not the relative focusing state that other modes of approaching are looked for.
Please again referring to Fig. 4, in the application of platform-type scanner, scanned or scanning document 12 is positioned on the scanning platform (not shown), and during according to automatic focusing method of the present invention, the selection reference scan line of program 310 can move when prescan.The scan line position of promptly finding out spatial frequency and contrast distribution maximum when prescan is as the reference scan line of focusing automatically; Can avoid like this with low frequency, the low sweep trace that contrasts as the focusing reference position, to guarantee the effect of focusing automatically.
In the process of above-mentioned prescan action, the principle of the mode of selecting reference scan line selection best focus position during with above-mentioned automatic focusing is identical (as the process flow diagram of Figure 10), promptly calculate the eigenwert of each sweep trace, and with scan line position with eigenvalue of maximum as the reference position of focusing automatically.
Therefore, when the present invention's method of focusing was automatically implemented in platform-type scanner, can be divided into for two stages carried out.Phase one earlier when prescan analytical calculation and the sweep trace of selecting scanned high spatial frequency and high contrast distribution again optical element is moved to and carries out the subordinate phase focusing on the above-mentioned focusing reference position and adjust as the focusing reference position; The electric signal eigenwert ∑ Δ I of subordinate phase reference scan line in the analytical calculation focal range on the burnt direction 15 of the distance of optical element, and find out best features value { ∑ Δ I} MaxPairing focal position is finished automatic focusing program.
The automatic focusing method that optical scanner is implemented according to the present invention can determine the focusing state of scanned optimized image sharpness on scanning platform.And utilize prescan to move to filter low spatial frequency, low contrast reason partly to be to be scanned image (for example than the photo of complicated image, or comprise the partly image of exposure) may contain different spatial frequencys and contrast distribution, so utilize eigenwert α to filter low frequency, hang down to contrast partly and be used as the reference position of focusing, the entire scan quality will be guaranteed with the position of high spatial frequency, high contrast.Otherwise, if obtain focusing reference position, the best focusing state in the time of can't guaranteeing high spatial frequency with the position of low spatial frequency, fuzzy contrast (over-exposed).
Utilize the synoptic diagram of the setting filtering image noise of dynamic thresholding referring to Figure 12, the present invention shown in Figure 13.Have from optical interference, mechanical disturbance, electronics noise etc. for the reason that causes the noise effect, and, then introducing dynamic thresholding (Dynamic Threshold Value) β (Δ I in the focusing program automatically for the comparatively tangible system of noise effect n, n), be with the regular shape of noise process:
if?ΔI i=(Ii max-Ii min)<β,then?ΔI i,=O
In Figure 12, Figure 13, the Δ I of the electric signal of line 25 iVia the filtration of dynamic thresholding β, can obtain the Δ I of the electric signal shown in line 26 iLike this, though can lose slightly image electric signal, this negative effect non-focusing state (out-of-focus state) during than focusing state (just-focus-state) just seriously.Thus, except filtering the noise by threshold values β, { ∑ Δ I} in the time of just more highlighting focusing state MaxDifference between Δ I when value and non-focusing state.
Automatically focusing method is implemented in the image-input device according to the present invention, as platform image scanner, digital camera or digital camera etc., can effectively solve defective and inconvenience that prior art is utilized manual focus or only found out relative focusing state, and the present invention's simple and easy, efficient height of focusing automatically of method operational analysis of focusing automatically is little to the optical system restriction of image-input device; In fact the present invention uses simple and easy, except that basic gear train (as scan driving mechanism and focal length adjusting mechanism), do not need to increase any specific installation, the focusing benefit is not influenced by scanned content (spatial frequency and contrast) and calculate automatically, and focusing is reference with scanned best correspondence position directly automatically, can make image more true to nature.
In the auto-focus process of the present invention, can utilize dynamic thresholding to reduce the interference of noise, make the focusing effect better, and keep the gear train of focusing automatically to be similar to movement at the uniform velocity, can effectively reduce from the caused noise of mechanical disturbance, be easier to obtain comparatively absolute focusing state.
The present invention utilizes whole section stroke to make the automatic focusing method that linear sweep can guarantee to find absolute focusing state, make to fix each sweep time and rapidly, be better than the relative focusing state that other modes of approaching are found out, and sweep time is not specific.

Claims (10)

1, a kind of automatic focusing method, be used to adjust the image focal length of an optical camera system to subject matter, above-mentioned optical camera system comprises an optical module and a focal length adjusting mechanism, and above-mentioned automatic focusing method comprises following step: the focusing reference position of setting subject matter; Above-mentioned focal length adjusting mechanism is progressively adjusted the focal length of above-mentioned optical module and changed this focusing reference position in the adjustable focal length scope image is an electric signal, and calculates the eigenwert of this electric signal, the focal position that record has the best features value; And above-mentioned focal length adjusting mechanism is adjusted to above-mentioned focal position with best features value with above-mentioned optical module, it is characterized in that: the focusing reference position of wherein setting subject matter comprises: select several zones or the line position of this subject matter, the image of changing this several regional position with above-mentioned optical module is an electric signal; Calculate the eigenwert of the electric signal of above-mentioned several zones or line position, the record have the optkmal characteristics value zone or line position, and with this position serve as the focusing reference position; The eigenwert of wherein calculating above-said current signal comprises: calculate the difference of every pair of adjacent peak of this electric signal to peak value in regular turn; And all above-mentioned differences that add up, this aggregate-value is an eigenwert; Described best features value is maximum above-mentioned aggregate-value.
2, automatic focusing method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the image of wherein above-mentioned focusing reference position is a linear image.
3, automatic focusing method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the image of wherein above-mentioned focusing reference position is an area image.
4, automatic focusing method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: wherein above-mentioned difference is during less than a pre-set threshold value, and this difference is not added in the above-mentioned aggregate-value.
5, automatic focusing method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: wherein write down the focal position with best features value and comprise: the electric signal eigenwert that writes down the image of initial focal length is a record value; And progressively more present calculated feature values and record value, and write down both focal positions of eigenwert greatly.
6, automatic focusing method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: wherein write down zone or line position with best features value and comprise for the focusing reference position; The electric signal eigenwert of record initial zone or line position image is a record value; Progressively more present calculated feature values and record value, and write down both big eigenwert and zone or line position; And the zone of final entry or line position are the focusing reference position.
7, automatic focusing method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the eigenwert of wherein calculating above-said current signal comprises: calculate the every pair of adjacent area maximal value of this electric signal and the difference of regional minimum value in regular turn; And all above-mentioned differences that add up, this aggregate-value is an eigenwert.
8, automatic focusing method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: wherein above-said current signal is the gradation of image contrast signal.
9, automatic focusing method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: this method is used for plat form type scanning apparatus, automatically adjust the image focal length of an optical camera system to scanning document, above-mentioned optical camera system comprises lens, a CCD and a focal length adjusting mechanism at least, and above-mentioned automatic focusing method comprises: the one scan line position of setting scanning document is the focusing reference position; Above-mentioned focal length adjusting mechanism is progressively adjusted image distance and/or the object distance of above-mentioned CCD to this scanning document in the focus adjustable scope, and the image by this CCD conversion focusing reference position is a signal, and the eigenwert of calculating above-said current signal, the focal position that record has the best features value, and above-mentioned focal length adjusting mechanism is adjusted to the above-mentioned focal position that eigenwert is arranged most that has with optical camera system.
10, automatic focusing method as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that: the one scan line position of wherein setting scanning document comprises for the focusing reference position: when prescan, changing that some scanning yokes look like is electric signal, and calculate the eigenwert of the electric signal of these some scan images, the scan line position that record has the best features value is the focusing reference position.
CNB98100959XA 1998-03-25 1998-03-25 Automatic focusing method Expired - Lifetime CN1137409C (en)

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Assignee: Shanghai Zhongjing Technology Co., Ltd.

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Denomination of invention: Automatic focusing method used for testing camera module group

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