CN113740895A - Radiotherapy scanning detection device in nuclear medicine - Google Patents
Radiotherapy scanning detection device in nuclear medicine Download PDFInfo
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- CN113740895A CN113740895A CN202111032038.3A CN202111032038A CN113740895A CN 113740895 A CN113740895 A CN 113740895A CN 202111032038 A CN202111032038 A CN 202111032038A CN 113740895 A CN113740895 A CN 113740895A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/161—Applications in the field of nuclear medicine, e.g. in vivo counting
- G01T1/164—Scintigraphy
Abstract
The invention discloses a nuclear medicine radiotherapy scanning detection device, which comprises: a detection cabin and a scanning device; the scanning device is arranged in the detection cabin; the scanning device comprises a scanning frame and a detector matrix; a sliding track is vertically arranged on the scanning frame; a detection area platform is arranged at the central position of the bottom of the scanning frame; the detector matrix is used for scanning three-dimensional scanning data of a detected object on the detection area platform, and the detection direction of the detector matrix horizontally faces the detection area platform; the detector matrix is arranged on the sliding rail, is rotatably connected with the sliding rail and moves up and down along the sliding rail; the rotation plane of the detector matrix is parallel to the up-and-down moving direction. The invention can rapidly obtain the distribution condition of the radioactive drug in the body of the patient through scanning and detecting the whole body radiation dose of the patient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear medicine, in particular to a nuclear medicine radiotherapy scanning detection device.
Background
At present, the application of radioactive isotopes becomes an important component of modern medicine, and a powerful technical means is provided for preventing and treating diseases. Currently, 80% of the radioisotope (also known as "radionuclide") products produced worldwide are used in the medical field. The diagnosis and research of diseases using radionuclides and labeled compounds thereof is one of the important diagnostic techniques in modern medicine that has been rapidly developed after the 50's in the 20 th century. Hamilton first reported 131I treatment for hyperthyroidism in 1942, and over 300 million patients receiving 131I treatment for hyperthyroidism worldwide have been around for more than 60 years. The range of 131I treatment is gradually expanding, and 131I has been the most commonly used method for treating hyperthyroidism in north american countries such as the united states. Through research on related technologies at home and abroad, it is found that products and systems for detecting the whole body radiation dose of an internal radiotherapy patient in the fields of nuclear medicine and nuclear security do not have relatively mature products, and the related technologies mainly comprise single-point radiation dose monitoring. Therefore, according to the actual needs of nuclear security under the current new situation, how to provide a nuclear medicine radiotherapy scanning detection device is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a nuclear medicine radiotherapy scanning detection apparatus, which can rapidly obtain the distribution of the radiopharmaceutical in the patient through scanning and detecting the radiation dose of the whole body of the patient.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a nuclear medicine internal radiotherapy scanning detection device, comprising: a detection cabin and a scanning device; the scanning device is arranged inside the detection cabin;
the scanning device comprises a scanning frame and a detector matrix; a sliding track is vertically arranged on the scanning frame; a detection area platform is arranged at the center of the bottom of the scanning frame; the detector matrix is used for scanning three-dimensional scanning data of an object to be detected on the detection area platform, and the detection direction of the detector matrix horizontally faces the detection area platform; the detector matrix is arranged on the sliding rail, is rotatably connected with the sliding rail and moves up and down along the sliding rail; and the rotation plane of the detector matrix is parallel to the up-and-down moving direction.
Preferably, in the above nuclear medicine radiotherapy scanning detection apparatus, the detection chamber has a house-shaped structure.
Preferably, in the above nuclear medicine radiotherapy scanning detection apparatus, the detection chamber has a sliding closed chamber door and a ventilation channel; the outer wall of the detection cabin is formed by sequentially laminating an iron plate, a lead plate, a partition plate, a copper plate and an organic glass plate from outside to inside.
Preferably, in the above nuclear medicine radiotherapy scanning detection apparatus, the thickness of the lead plate is 15 cm; the thickness of the partition board and the copper plate is 1 mm; the thickness of the organic glass plate is 3 mm.
Preferably, in the above nuclear medicine radiotherapy scanning detection apparatus, the detection region platform is a 360-degree rotating platform.
Preferably, in the above nuclear medicine radiotherapy scanning detection device, the detector matrix is formed by arranging a plurality of radiation dose detectors side by side, and each radiation dose detector is equipped with an infrared distance measuring device; the radiation dose detector is used for scanning three-dimensional radiation dose data of an object to be detected; the infrared distance measuring device is used for scanning the three-dimensional coordinate data of the detected object.
Preferably, in the above nuclear medicine radiotherapy scanning detection apparatus, the radiation dose detector includes a collimator, a scintillator, a photomultiplier tube, and a peripheral measurement circuit; the collimator is arranged at the front end of the scintillator and used for limiting the beam of incident rays emitted by a detected object and guiding the incident rays to the detection end face of the scintillator; the detection end face of the scintillator is provided with a sodium iodide crystal layer; the sodium iodide crystal layer receives incident rays emitted by a detected object and emits scintillation light with energy proportional to the energy of the incident rays; the photomultiplier tube generates photoelectrons under the excitation of the scintillation light, and multiplies the generated photoelectrons to generate an electric signal; and the peripheral measuring circuit performs analog-to-digital conversion and data processing on the electric signal to obtain three-dimensional radiation dose data of the detected object.
Preferably, in the above nuclear medicine radiotherapy scanning detection apparatus, the peripheral measurement circuit includes: the device comprises a step-up/step-down transformer, a high-voltage power supply, a linear amplifier, a discrimination forming circuit and a microprocessor; the boosting/reducing transformer is connected with an external power supply and is used for boosting/reducing the voltage output by the external power supply and then supplying power to the linear amplifier, the discrimination shaping circuit and the microprocessor; the voltage output by the step-up/step-down transformer is boosted by the high-voltage power supply and then supplies power to the scintillation detector; the electric signals generated by the scintillation detector are sequentially transmitted to the linear amplifier, the screening and shaping circuit and the microprocessor, and after analog-to-digital conversion and data processing are carried out by the microprocessor, three-dimensional radiation dose data of the detected object are generated.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the nuclear medicine internal radiotherapy scanning detection device has the advantages that the detection cabin can shield the influence of natural background radiation of the environment on measurement and eliminate characteristic radiation generated by external radiation in shielding; the detector matrix can adapt to different heights by moving up and down and can rotate and scan by 360 degrees, a nuclear medical patient to be detected is positioned on the detection area platform, the data of a plurality of point positions can be simultaneously obtained by scanning the detector matrix every circle, the detector matrix vertically moves for a certain distance from top to bottom after scanning for a circle, then the detector matrix rotates, scans and detects, and the detector matrix can obtain the distribution data of the whole body radiation dose field from head to foot until the scanning is finished. According to the invention, the distribution condition of the radioactive drug in the patient body is conveniently and rapidly obtained through scanning and detecting the whole body radiation dose of the patient, the physiological metabolism exclusion and radioactive spontaneous decay period of the radioactive drug are rapidly calculated according to the intelligent analysis of the detection result, the safety protection distance contacting with the patient and the effective half-decay period required by drug attenuation are given by combining the radiation protection principle, and a basis reference is provided for the radiation monitoring and discharge conditions of the patient.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an radiotherapy scanning detection device in nuclear medicine provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a scanning device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a detector matrix according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a detector matrix provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a single radiation dose detector according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a peripheral measurement circuit according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-2, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a nuclear medicine radiotherapy scanning detection device, including: a detection cabin 1 and a scanning device 2; the scanning device 2 is arranged inside the detection cabin 1;
the scanning device 2 comprises a scanning frame 21 and a detector matrix 22; a sliding rail 211 is vertically installed on the scanning frame 21; a detection area platform 212 for accommodating the detected object is arranged at the central position of the bottom of the scanning frame 21; the detector matrix 22 is used for scanning three-dimensional scanning data of an object to be detected on the detection area platform 212, and the detection direction of the detector matrix 22 is horizontally oriented to the detection area platform 212; the detector matrix 22 is installed on the sliding rail 211, is rotatably connected with the sliding rail 211, and moves up and down along the sliding rail 211; the plane of rotation of the detector matrix 22 is parallel to the up and down movement direction.
In the detection process, the detector matrix scans the patient in a 360-degree rotation mode, the number of data points collected on the circumference is determined according to the time of one scanning circle, and the data of a plurality of point positions can be simultaneously acquired by the detector matrix 22 every scanning circle. After one scan, the detector matrix 22 moves vertically from top to bottom along the sliding track 211 for a certain distance, and then rotates the scanning detection from top to bottom until the scanning is finished, so as to obtain the distribution data of the whole body radiation dose field.
The detector matrix 22 can communicate with an upper computer through an RS232 or USB interface to realize data transmission and instruction interaction, the upper computer is positioned in a doctor operating room, a doctor does not need to contact with an internal radiotherapy patient during operation, data acquisition can be carried out remotely, safety of the doctor is guaranteed, and meanwhile performability of the detection process of the invention is improved.
In one embodiment, a camera is further installed in the detection cabin 1 and used for acquiring the detection process in the detection cabin 1 in real time and displaying the detection image in an upper computer for real-time display.
In one embodiment, the test chamber 1 is a house-like structure. The detection cabin 1 is provided with a sliding type closed cabin door and a ventilation channel; the outer wall of the detection chamber 1 is formed by laminating an iron plate 11, a lead plate 12, a partition plate 13, a copper plate 14 and an organic glass plate 15 from outside to inside in sequence. Wherein the thickness of the lead plate 12 is 15 cm; the thickness of the partition plate 13 and the copper plate 14 is 1 mm; the thickness of the plexiglass plate 15 is 3 mm. The cadmium plate 13 absorbs low-energy scattered gamma rays (100-300 keV) and characteristic X rays (73keV) generated in the lead plate 12; the copper plate 14 absorbs the characteristic X-rays (23keV) of the cadmium plate; the plexiglass plate 15 absorbs the characteristic X-rays (8keV) of the copper plate.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3-4, the detector matrix 22 is composed of a plurality of radiation dose detectors 221 arranged side by side, and each radiation dose detector 221 is equipped with an infrared distance measuring device 222; the radiation dose detector 221 is used for scanning three-dimensional radiation dose data of an object to be detected; the infrared distance measuring device 222 is used for scanning three-dimensional stereo coordinate data of the detected object. In the rotation detection process, the detector matrix 22 respectively calculates and obtains three-dimensional coordinate data of the human body according to the rotation speed of the infrared distance measuring device 222, an included angle between the infrared distance measuring device and the central axis and the height, and superposes a corresponding radiation dose value detected by the radiation dose detector 221 and transmits the superposed radiation dose value to the upper computer for processing.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, the radiation dose detector 221 includes a collimator 2211, a scintillator 2212, a photomultiplier 2213, and a peripheral measurement circuit 2214; the collimator 2211 is installed at the front end of the scintillator 2212, and is used for limiting the beam of incident rays emitted by a detected object and guiding the incident rays to the detection end face of the scintillator 2212; the detection end face of the scintillator 2212 has a sodium iodide crystal layer 2215; the sodium iodide crystal layer 2215 receives an incident ray emitted from the object to be detected and emits flare light having energy proportional to the energy of the incident ray; the photomultiplier 2213 generates photoelectrons under excitation of the scintillation light, and multiplies the generated photoelectrons to generate an electrical signal; the peripheral measurement circuit 2214 performs analog-to-digital conversion and data processing on the electric signal to obtain three-dimensional radiation dose data of the detected object.
In this embodiment, the collimator 2211 functions to limit the beam of radiation emitted from the detected object, and the radiation reaching the scintillator 2212 at the measurement point through the collimator comes only from the radiation source in the measurement field of view, so as to reduce the interference of the test background and improve the signal-to-noise ratio.
For a single radiation detection metering detector 221, the interference of radiation signals in other directions is reduced, the signal-to-noise ratio of the radiation signal in the required direction is improved, and the required ray is guided onto the scintillator by shielding rays in other directions.
The ray detection principle in this embodiment is: the radiation enters the scintillator 2212 through the collimator 2211, and may excite atoms/molecules in the sodium iodide crystal layer 2215 of the scintillator 2212, and when the excited atoms/molecules de-excite, a flash of light may be emitted. The intensity of the flash pulse generated in sodium iodide crystal layer 2215 is proportional to the energy of the incident radiation. From which rays can be counted and the energy of the rays calculated. Since the flash of light is very weak, a high sensitivity sensor is required for detection, here photomultiplier tube 2213 is used. When weak light is irradiated to the photomultiplier tube 2213, photoelectrons are generated due to the photoelectric effect. The photoelectrons are accelerated by the electric field and hit the dynodes at high speed, so that more electrons are bombarded, and the photoelectrons are accelerated again and hit the next dynode, so that the number of the electrons is multiplied step by step. After dozens of stages of multiplication, the number of the final electrons reaching the anode can be multiplied by about 109And the purpose of detecting weak flash is achieved.
In the embodiment, a structural mode of multi-path pulse signal acquisition is adopted to improve the detection efficiency, and meanwhile, the detection sensitivity is improved by establishing a threshold formula through the energy spectrum characteristic analysis of 131I, 125I and other radiotherapy common nuclides.
As shown in fig. 6, the peripheral measurement circuit 2214 includes: the device comprises a step-up/step-down transformer, a high-voltage power supply, a linear amplifier, a discrimination forming circuit and a microprocessor; the step-up/step-down transformer is connected with the external power supply and is used for performing step-up/step-down processing on the voltage output by the external power supply and then supplying power to the linear amplifier, the discrimination shaping circuit and the microprocessor; the voltage output by the step-up/step-down transformer is boosted by a high-voltage power supply and then supplies power to the scintillation detector; the electric signal generated by the scintillation detector is transmitted to the linear amplifier, the screening and shaping circuit and the microprocessor in sequence, and after analog-to-digital conversion and data processing are carried out by the microprocessor, three-dimensional radiation dose data of the detected object are generated and transmitted to the upper computer. In this embodiment, the parameter setting module can also adjust and set the parameters of the microprocessor.
According to the needs of nuclear medicine diagnosis, a patient is often injected or taken with a certain radioactive isotope, so that the patient himself becomes a living radioactive source, generates external irradiation to persons who are in close contact with the living radioactive source, and generates continuous internal irradiation which cannot escape to the patient.
The time required for a certain radionuclide entering the body to decrease its activity to half of its initial value, due to physiological metabolic elimination (Tb) and radioactive spontaneous decay (Tp), is called the effective half-life (Te) biological half-life (Tb) independent of the physical half-life (Tp):
the physicochemical properties of the nuclide are related only to the affinity of the organ, with different nuclides having different affinities for different organs. The physical half-life of the radioactive nuclide orally taken or injected into human bodies for medical use is generally short, because the distribution of the radioactive nuclide in the bodies is not uniform, the calculation of the dose in a certain position in vitro is difficult, but the dose in a certain position can be accurately measured by a dose instrument, so that the safe distance of external irradiation can be evaluated. The latest estimation value of the natural radiation background of China is 3.1 mSv/man-year which is 0.35 mu Sv/h-man, which is an average value and is related to factors such as region, altitude, shielding and the like.
Suppose a patient d is in nuclear medicine0The dose rate measured at (unit: m) is H0The safety distance d close to the natural background level (0.35. mu. Sv/h) can be obtained by the following formula according to the inverse proportion relation of the dose and the square of the distancex(unit: m):
it follows that nuclear medicine patients injected or administered radionuclides should be isolated from unnecessary external exposure to the surrounding population. The isolation time depends on the effective half-life and the residual level in vivo of the radionuclide. Assuming an initial activity A in vivo0Allowable residual activityAs A, the activity reduction factor K is equal to A0From this, the number n of required effective half-cycles can be determined, and the following relationship holds:
or
Or n ═ lnK/ln2
t＝n·Te。
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. An radiotherapy scanning detection device in nuclear medicine, characterized by comprising: a detection cabin (1) and a scanning device (2); the scanning device (2) is arranged inside the detection cabin (1);
the scanning device (2) comprises a scanning frame (21) and a detector matrix (22); a sliding track (211) is vertically arranged on the scanning frame (21); a detection area platform (212) is arranged at the center of the bottom of the scanning frame (21); the detector matrix (22) is used for scanning three-dimensional scanning data of an object to be detected positioned on the detection area platform (212), and the detection direction of the detector matrix (22) is horizontally oriented to the detection area platform (212); the detector matrix (22) is installed on the sliding rail (211), is in rotary connection with the sliding rail (211), and moves up and down along the sliding rail (211); the rotation plane of the detector matrix (22) is parallel to the up-down moving direction.
2. The nuclear medicine radiotherapy scanning detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that the detection chamber (1) is a house-like structure.
3. The nuclear medicine radiotherapy scanning detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that the detection chamber (1) has a sliding closed door and a ventilation channel; the outer wall of the detection cabin (1) is formed by sequentially laminating an iron plate (11), a lead plate (12), a partition plate (13), a copper plate (14) and an organic glass plate (15) from outside to inside.
4. The nuclear medicine radiotherapy scanning detection device of claim 3, characterized in that the thickness of the lead plate (12) is 15 cm; the thickness of the partition plate (13) and the copper plate (14) is 1 mm; the thickness of the organic glass plate (15) is 3 mm.
5. The device for radiation scanning detection in nuclear medicine according to claim 1, wherein said detection area platform (212) is a 360 degree rotating platform.
6. The nuclear medicine radiotherapy scanning detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that said detector matrix (22) is composed of a plurality of radiation dose detectors (221) arranged side by side, and each of said radiation dose detectors (221) is equipped with an infrared distance measuring device (222); the radiation dose detector (221) is used for scanning three-dimensional radiation dose data of an object to be detected; the infrared distance measuring device (222) is used for scanning three-dimensional stereo coordinate data of a detected object.
7. The nuclear medicine radiotherapy scanning detection apparatus of claim 6, wherein the radiation dose detector (221) comprises a collimator (2211), a scintillator (2212), a photomultiplier tube (2213) and a peripheral measurement circuit (2214); the collimator (2211) is arranged at the front end of the scintillator (2212) and is used for limiting the beam of incident rays emitted by a detected object and guiding the incident rays to the detection end face of the scintillator (2212); the detection end face of the scintillator (2212) is provided with a sodium iodide crystal layer (2215); the sodium iodide crystal layer (2215) receives incident rays emitted by a detected object and emits scintillation light with energy proportional to the energy of the incident rays; the photomultiplier (2213) generates photoelectrons under the excitation of the scintillation light, and multiplies the generated photoelectrons to generate an electric signal; the peripheral measuring circuit (2214) performs analog-to-digital conversion and data processing on the electric signals to obtain three-dimensional radiation dose data of the detected object.
8. The nuclear medicine radiotherapy scanning detection device of claim 7, wherein the peripheral measurement circuit (2214) comprises: the device comprises a step-up/step-down transformer, a high-voltage power supply, a linear amplifier, a discrimination forming circuit and a microprocessor; the boosting/reducing transformer is connected with an external power supply and is used for boosting/reducing the voltage output by the external power supply and then supplying power to the linear amplifier, the discrimination shaping circuit and the microprocessor; the voltage output by the step-up/step-down transformer is boosted by the high-voltage power supply and then supplies power to the scintillation detector; the electric signals generated by the scintillation detector are sequentially transmitted to the linear amplifier, the screening and shaping circuit and the microprocessor, and after analog-to-digital conversion and data processing are carried out by the microprocessor, three-dimensional radiation dose data of the detected object are generated.
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