CN113737850A - Rapid connecting device for concrete prefabricated parts and using method thereof - Google Patents
Rapid connecting device for concrete prefabricated parts and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113737850A CN113737850A CN202110953503.0A CN202110953503A CN113737850A CN 113737850 A CN113737850 A CN 113737850A CN 202110953503 A CN202110953503 A CN 202110953503A CN 113737850 A CN113737850 A CN 113737850A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/045—Underground structures, e.g. tunnels or galleries, built in the open air or by methods involving disturbance of the ground surface all along the location line; Methods of making them
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/20—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stonelike material
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/20—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stonelike material
- E04B1/21—Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B1/215—Connections specially adapted therefor comprising metallic plates or parts
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- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a quick connecting device for concrete prefabricated parts, which comprises an assembly A, an assembly B and a connecting bolt, wherein the assembly A comprises a ball nut capable of deflecting relative to the central line of the assembly A, the assembly B comprises a ball body capable of rolling, threads matched with the connecting bolt are arranged on the ball nut and the ball body, and the ball nut and the connecting bolt are connected with the ball body. The invention also discloses a use method of the quick connecting device for the concrete prefabricated part, and the quick connecting device is reasonable and ingenious in structural design and low in cost, avoids the problem that a large-size operation hand hole needs to be reserved on the surface of the concrete prefabricated part in the traditional technology, is suitable for the concrete prefabricated part with large thickness, avoids operation at the end part of the concrete prefabricated part, is suitable for occasions without operation conditions from the end part of the concrete prefabricated part, and is particularly suitable for connecting large underground assembled parts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of installation and connection of precast concrete components, in particular to a quick connecting device for precast concrete components and a using method thereof.
Background
In the technical field of installation and connection of concrete prefabricated parts, arc bolt connection, or connection of embedded oblique bolt sleeves and oblique bolts or connection of long straight bolts are used in the traditional technology.
The arc bolt connection or the connection by using the pre-embedded inclined bolt sleeve and the inclined bolt is suitable for the installation connection part of the concrete prefabricated part with smaller thickness, and a large-size operation hand hole needs to be reserved, so that the arc bolt connection or the connection by using the pre-embedded inclined bolt sleeve and the inclined bolt is not suitable for the concrete prefabricated part with larger thickness; the long straight bolt connection needs to reserve a through hole penetrating through the components for connection, needs to be operated at the end part of the concrete prefabricated component, and is not suitable for occasions without operation conditions from the end part of the concrete prefabricated component, particularly for connection of large components assembled underground.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses a quick connecting device for a concrete prefabricated part and a using method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows:
the utility model provides a precast concrete component quick connect device, its includes A subassembly, B subassembly and connecting bolt, the A subassembly includes the ball nut that can deflect relative self central line, the B subassembly includes can rolling spheroid, all be equipped with on this ball nut, the spheroid with the screw thread of connecting bolt looks adaptation, ball nut, connecting bolt are connected with the spheroid.
The component A comprises a base A, an end cover A and a ball nut, wherein one end face of the base A is provided with a ball socket A, the other end face of the base A is provided with a connecting hole A communicated with the ball socket A, the ball nut is arranged in the ball socket A, and the end cover A covers the end portion of the ball socket A.
The component B comprises a base B, a compression spring, a cover B and a ball body, wherein a ball socket B is arranged on one end face of the base B, a connecting hole B communicated with the ball socket B is arranged on the other end face of the base B, the ball body is arranged in the ball socket B, the cover B is arranged at the end part of the ball socket B, and the compression spring is arranged between the ball body and the cover B.
One end of the ball body is provided with a C connecting hole, the other end of the ball body is provided with a round hole, a worm gear nut is rotatably arranged in the round hole, the ball body is provided with a worm matched with the worm gear nut, the seat B is provided with a working hole for operating the worm, the end cover of the ball body is covered on the round hole, and the compression spring is arranged between the end cover of the ball body and the end cover B;
the screw thread matched with the connecting bolt on the ball body is arranged on the worm wheel nut.
The inner wall surface of the ball socket A is provided with 2 or 4 rotation stopping convex strips which limit the rotation of the ball nut and allow the axial deflection of the ball nut at intervals, and the periphery of the ball nut is provided with the same number of rotation stopping grooves corresponding to the rotation stopping convex strips.
The tail end of the connecting bolt is provided with a guide angle, so that the connecting nut can fall into a threaded opening of a worm gear correctly.
The cross section of the rotation stopping convex strip is trapezoidal.
The component A also comprises a seat A anchor bolt, the seat A anchor bolt is connected with the seat A, and the seat A anchor bolt and the end cover A are positioned on the same side;
the component B also comprises a seat B anchor bolt, the seat B anchor bolt is connected with the seat B, and the seat B anchor bolt and the end cover B are positioned on the same side;
the component A and the component B are respectively anchored at the connecting part with different concrete prefabricated components through the seat A anchor bolt and the seat B anchor bolt.
A method for using a quick connecting device for concrete prefabricated parts comprises the steps of pre-embedding an assembly A at a connecting part of a concrete prefabricated part A, pre-embedding an assembly B at a connecting part of a concrete prefabricated part B, screwing a connecting bolt on a ball nut, and screwing a connecting bolt on a ball body, so that the quick connection of the concrete prefabricated parts is realized;
when the concrete prefabricated part A and the concrete prefabricated part B are connected in a staggered mode, the installation connecting axis of the concrete prefabricated part A and the concrete prefabricated part B deviates, the ball nut of the component A deflects in the ball socket of the seat A within the designed tolerance range, the ball body of the component B deflects together with the worm wheel nut and the worm in the ball socket of the seat B, and the ball nut, the ball body, the worm wheel nut and the worm are adaptive to the ball nut, the connecting bolt and the worm wheel nut in a coaxial mode, so that the concrete prefabricated part A and the concrete prefabricated part B can still be effectively connected.
The use method of the quick connecting device for the concrete prefabricated parts comprises the following steps:
connecting an anchor bolt of a seat A with the anchor bolt of the seat A, placing a ball nut in the seat A, enabling a target spherical surface of the ball nut to be matched with a ball socket of the seat A, and enabling a target rotation stopping groove of the ball nut to be matched with a rotation stopping convex strip of the seat A at the same time, so that the ball nut can be axially swung in the seat A by taking the circle center of the ball socket as an original point but cannot be axially rotated around the ball nut, and then fixing an end cover of the seat A on the seat A to obtain an assembly A;
the anchor bolt of the seat B is connected with the seat B, the worm gear nut and the worm are installed in the sphere in a matching mode, the sphere end cover is fixed on the sphere, the worm can drive the worm gear nut to rotate in the sphere without falling off the sphere, the assembled sphere is placed in the ball socket of the seat B, the compression spring is installed behind the sphere, the rear end of the seat B is sealed by the end cover of the seat B to obtain a component B, the sphere can roll freely in the component B, and the sphere can move along the telescopic direction of the compression spring;
pre-embedding the assembled A assembly at the connecting part of the concrete prefabricated part A, pre-embedding the assembled B assembly at the connecting part of the concrete prefabricated part B, before assembling, the connecting bolts are screwed on the ball nuts of the component A of the precast concrete component A, the precast concrete component B is moved to be close to the precast concrete component A, the connecting openings of the component B are sleeved with the connecting bolts exposed outside the precast concrete component A, when the precast concrete member B is continuously close to the installation surface of the precast concrete member A, the connecting bolt pushes the ball body to the pressing spring, so that the pressing spring is compressed, and the guide head part of the connecting bolt falls into an inner hole of a worm gear, when the concrete prefabricated part B is completely in place, and (3) extending into a socket wrench from the reserved hole, and rotating a worm to drive a worm gear nut to lock the connecting bolt so as to achieve the purpose of tensioning the concrete prefabricated part A and the concrete prefabricated part B.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention has reasonable and ingenious structural design and low cost, avoids the need of reserving large-size operation hand holes on the surface of the member in the traditional technology, is suitable for being used for large-thickness concrete prefabricated members, avoids operating at the end parts of the concrete prefabricated members, is suitable for occasions without operation conditions from the end parts of the concrete prefabricated members, and is particularly suitable for connecting large underground assembled members.
The invention is further described with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a quick coupling device for precast concrete members according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the component A in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the assembly of the seat A and the end cap A of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the component B of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of seat B in the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the assembly of the ball and worm of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of a pre-buried bolt sleeve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a shear bolt according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a side view of seat A of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a side view of the ball nut of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a side view of a B-module of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the invention is used for mounting and connecting concrete prefabricated parts.
Referring to fig. 1 to 11, the present embodiment provides a quick connection device for precast concrete members, including:
the component A consists of a seat A anchor bolt 1, a seat A2, a ball nut 3 and an end cover A4; the method comprises the following steps: the component B consists of a seat B anchor bolt 5, a seat B6, a sphere 7, a worm gear nut 8, a worm 9, a sphere end cover 10, a compression spring 11 and a seat B end cover 12; including attachment bolts 13.
Seat a contains the connection hole 14 and the a ball socket 15, the ball nut 3 contains an internal thread 16 for screwing in the connection bolt 13, and the ball nut 3 contains a spherical surface that fits with the a ball socket 15.
The inner wall of the A ball socket 15 and the outer surface of the ball nut 3 are respectively provided with a rotation stopping convex strip 17 and a rotation stopping groove 23 which are used for preventing the ball nut from rotating around the axial direction of the A ball socket, and under the matching of the A ball socket 15, the spherical surface, the rotation stopping convex strip 17 and the rotation stopping groove 23, the ball nut 3 can freely deflect at a certain angle with the axial direction in the A ball socket 15, but can not rotate around the axial direction of the ball nut 3.
The B seat comprises a connecting hole 18 and a B ball socket 19, the ball 7 comprises a spherical surface matched with the B ball socket 19, and the ball 7 can freely roll in the B ball socket 19.
The sphere 7 comprises a worm 9 and a round hole 20, a worm wheel nut 8 is movably arranged in the round hole 20, the worm wheel nut 8 is limited in the round hole 20 of the sphere by a sphere end cover 10 and cannot be disengaged, and the worm 9 rotates to drive the worm wheel nut 8 to rotate.
A compression spring 11 is arranged in the seat B, the compression spring 11 is positioned between the ball 7 and a B end cover 12, and the ball is pressed towards the ball socket B by the compression spring 11.
A working hole 21 for operating the worm is arranged at a proper position of the seat B, the working hole 21 is communicated with a reserved hole 22 of the precast concrete component, and the tool rotating worm 9 can be extended into the working hole 21 and the reserved hole 22 or the head of the worm 9 is lengthened and extended to the outer surface of the precast concrete component.
The end of the connecting bolt 13 is provided with a proper guiding angle to help the connecting bolt 13 to correctly fall into the internal thread mouth of the worm wheel nut 8.
The connecting bolt 13 can be screwed into the internal thread of the ball nut 3 through the connecting hole 14 of the seat A, the connecting bolt 13 can fall into the internal thread opening of the worm gear nut 8 through the connecting hole 18 of the seat B, and the internal thread opening of the worm gear nut 8 is tightly abutted against the connecting bolt 13 under the action of the compression spring 11.
When the assembly is used, the seat A anchor bolt 1 is connected with the seat A2, the ball nut 3 is placed in the seat A2, the spherical surface of the ball nut 3 is matched with the ball socket A15 of the seat A2, meanwhile, the rotation stopping groove 23 of the ball nut 3 is matched with the rotation stopping convex strip 17 of the seat A, so that the ball nut 3 can axially deflect but cannot axially rotate around the ball nut 3 in the seat A2 by taking the circle center of the ball socket A15 as an original point, and then the end cover A4 is fixed on the seat A2 to obtain an assembly A;
the B seat anchor bolt 5 is connected with the B seat 6, the worm gear nut 8 and the worm 9 are installed at proper positions in the ball 7, the ball end cover 10 is fixed at the proper position of the ball 7, the worm 9 can drive the worm gear nut 8 to rotate in the ball 7 without falling off the ball 7, the assembled ball 7 is placed at the proper position in the B seat 6, the compression spring 11 is installed behind the ball 7, the B end cover 12 is used for sealing the rear end of the B seat 6 to obtain a B component, in the B component, the ball 7 can roll freely, and the ball 7 can move along the telescopic direction of the compression spring 11;
embedding the assembled A assembly at the connection part of a precast concrete component A30, embedding the assembled B assembly at the connection part of a precast concrete component B31, screwing a connecting bolt 13 on a ball nut 3 of the A assembly of the precast concrete component A30 before assembly, moving the precast concrete component B31 close to the precast concrete component A30, enabling a connecting hole 18 of the B assembly to be sleeved in the connecting bolt 13 exposed outside the precast concrete component A30, when the precast concrete component B30 continuously approaches the installation surface of the precast concrete component A30, pushing the ball 7 to the compression spring 11 by the connecting bolt 13, enabling the compression spring 11 to be compressed, enabling the guide head of the connecting bolt 13 to fall into an inner hole of a worm wheel nut 8, when the precast concrete component B31 is completely in place, extending a reserved socket wrench from a working hole 21, rotating a worm 9 to drive the worm wheel nut 8 to lock the connecting bolt 13, in order to achieve the purpose of tensioning the concrete prefabricated part A30 and the concrete prefabricated part B31, when the concrete prefabricated part A30 and the concrete prefabricated part B31 are connected in a staggered mode, the installation connecting axis of the concrete prefabricated part A30 and the concrete prefabricated part B31 deviates, the ball nut of the component A deflects in the A ball socket 15 within the tolerance range of design, the ball body 7 of the component B together with the worm wheel nut 8 and the worm 9 deflects in the B ball socket 19, the ball nut 3, the ball body 7 together with the worm wheel nut 8 and the worm 9 are self-adaptive to the condition that the ball nut 3, the connecting bolt 13 and the worm wheel nut 8 are coaxial, and therefore the concrete prefabricated part A30 and the concrete prefabricated part B31 can still achieve effective connection
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any manner. Those skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the invention using the above disclosed technical means and teachings, or can modify equivalent embodiments with equivalent variations, without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the shape, structure and principle of the present invention without departing from the technical scheme of the present invention shall be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a precast concrete component quick connect device which characterized in that, it includes A subassembly, B subassembly and connecting bolt, the A subassembly includes the ball nut that can deflect relative self central line, the B subassembly includes the spheroid that can roll, all be equipped with on this ball nut, the spheroid with the screw thread of connecting bolt looks adaptation, ball nut, connecting bolt are connected with the spheroid.
2. The precast concrete quick connecting device of claim 1, wherein the A assembly comprises an A base, an A end cover and the ball nut, wherein an A ball socket is arranged on one end face of the A base, an A connecting hole communicated with the A ball socket is arranged on the other end face of the A base, the ball nut is arranged in the A ball socket, and the A end cover covers the end of the A ball socket.
3. The precast concrete quick connecting device of claim 2, wherein the B assembly comprises a B base, a compression spring, a B end cover and the ball body, a B ball socket is arranged on one end face of the B base, a B connecting hole communicated with the B ball socket is arranged on the other end face of the B base, the ball body is arranged in the B ball socket, the B end cover covers the end portion of the B ball socket, and the compression spring is arranged between the ball body and the B end cover.
4. The precast concrete quick connecting device according to claim 3, wherein the ball has a C connecting hole at one end and a round hole at the other end, a worm gear nut is rotatably provided in the round hole, a worm matching with the worm gear nut is provided on the ball, a working hole for operating the worm is provided on the B seat, the end cover of the ball is covered on the round hole, and the compression spring is provided between the end cover of the ball and the end cover of the B seat;
the screw thread matched with the connecting bolt on the ball body is arranged on the worm wheel nut.
5. The precast concrete member quick-connecting device according to claim 2, wherein 2 or 4 rotation stopping convex strips which limit the rotation of the ball nut and allow the axial deflection of the ball nut are provided at intervals on the inner wall surface of the ball socket a, and the same number of rotation stopping grooves are provided on the outer circumference of the ball nut corresponding to the rotation stopping convex strips.
6. The precast concrete quick connection device according to claim 4, wherein the end of the connection bolt is provided with a guide angle so that the connection nut is correctly dropped into a threaded mouth of a worm gear.
7. The precast concrete unit quick connection device according to claim 5, wherein the rotation-stopping rib has a trapezoidal cross section.
8. The precast concrete quick connecting device of claim 3, wherein the component A further comprises an A-seat anchor bolt connected with the A-seat, and the A-seat anchor bolt is positioned on the same side as the A-end cover;
the component B also comprises a seat B anchor bolt, the seat B anchor bolt is connected with the seat B, and the seat B anchor bolt and the end cover B are positioned on the same side;
the component A and the component B are respectively anchored at the connecting part with different concrete prefabricated components through the seat A anchor bolt and the seat B anchor bolt.
9. A using method of a quick connecting device for precast concrete components is characterized in that an assembly A is pre-embedded at a connecting part of a precast concrete component A, an assembly B is pre-embedded at a connecting part of a precast concrete component B, a connecting bolt is screwed on a ball nut, and the connecting bolt is screwed on a ball body, so that the quick connection of the precast concrete components is realized;
when the concrete prefabricated part A and the concrete prefabricated part B are connected in a staggered mode, the installation connecting axis of the concrete prefabricated part A and the concrete prefabricated part B deviates, the ball nut of the component A deflects in the ball socket of the seat A within the designed tolerance range, the ball body of the component B deflects together with the worm wheel nut and the worm in the ball socket of the seat B, and the ball nut, the ball body, the worm wheel nut and the worm are adaptive to the ball nut, the connecting bolt and the worm wheel nut in a coaxial mode, so that the concrete prefabricated part A and the concrete prefabricated part B can still be effectively connected.
10. The method of use of claim 9, comprising:
connecting an anchor bolt of a seat A with the anchor bolt of the seat A, placing a ball nut in the seat A, enabling a target spherical surface of the ball nut to be matched with a ball socket of the seat A, and enabling a target rotation stopping groove of the ball nut to be matched with a rotation stopping convex strip of the seat A at the same time, so that the ball nut can be axially swung in the seat A by taking the circle center of the ball socket as an original point but cannot be axially rotated around the ball nut, and then fixing an end cover of the seat A on the seat A to obtain an assembly A;
the anchor bolt of the seat B is connected with the seat B, the worm gear nut and the worm are installed in the sphere in a matching mode, the sphere end cover is fixed on the sphere, the worm can drive the worm gear nut to rotate in the sphere without falling off the sphere, the assembled sphere is placed in the ball socket of the seat B, the compression spring is installed behind the sphere, the rear end of the seat B is sealed by the end cover of the seat B to obtain a component B, the sphere can roll freely in the component B, and the sphere can move along the telescopic direction of the compression spring;
pre-embedding the assembled A assembly at the connecting part of the concrete prefabricated part A, pre-embedding the assembled B assembly at the connecting part of the concrete prefabricated part B, before assembling, the connecting bolts are screwed on the ball nuts of the component A of the precast concrete component A, the precast concrete component B is moved to be close to the precast concrete component A, the connecting openings of the component B are sleeved with the connecting bolts exposed outside the precast concrete component A, when the precast concrete member B is continuously close to the installation surface of the precast concrete member A, the connecting bolt pushes the ball body to the pressing spring, so that the pressing spring is compressed, and the guide head part of the connecting bolt falls into an inner hole of a worm gear, when the concrete prefabricated part B is completely in place, and (3) extending into a socket wrench from the reserved hole, and rotating a worm to drive a worm gear nut to lock the connecting bolt so as to achieve the purpose of tensioning the concrete prefabricated part A and the concrete prefabricated part B.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110953503.0A CN113737850B (en) | 2021-08-19 | 2021-08-19 | Rapid connecting device for concrete prefabricated parts and using method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110953503.0A CN113737850B (en) | 2021-08-19 | 2021-08-19 | Rapid connecting device for concrete prefabricated parts and using method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113737850A true CN113737850A (en) | 2021-12-03 |
| CN113737850B CN113737850B (en) | 2023-02-28 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110953503.0A Active CN113737850B (en) | 2021-08-19 | 2021-08-19 | Rapid connecting device for concrete prefabricated parts and using method thereof |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN113737850B (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0853882A (en) * | 1994-08-12 | 1996-02-27 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | Sphere joint of space truss |
| CN1926341A (en) * | 2004-03-03 | 2007-03-07 | 快连有限公司 | Improvements in clamping assemblies |
| CN212897042U (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2021-04-06 | 济南纳思工程设计咨询有限公司 | Three-dimensional adjustable detachable stone curtain wall |
-
2021
- 2021-08-19 CN CN202110953503.0A patent/CN113737850B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0853882A (en) * | 1994-08-12 | 1996-02-27 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | Sphere joint of space truss |
| CN1926341A (en) * | 2004-03-03 | 2007-03-07 | 快连有限公司 | Improvements in clamping assemblies |
| CN212897042U (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2021-04-06 | 济南纳思工程设计咨询有限公司 | Three-dimensional adjustable detachable stone curtain wall |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN113737850B (en) | 2023-02-28 |
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