CN113737038B - High-toughness Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

High-toughness Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN113737038B
CN113737038B CN202110867787.1A CN202110867787A CN113737038B CN 113737038 B CN113737038 B CN 113737038B CN 202110867787 A CN202110867787 A CN 202110867787A CN 113737038 B CN113737038 B CN 113737038B
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CN113737038A (en
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郭柏松
李卫
于振涛
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Jinan University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/0425—Copper-based alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/01—Alloys based on copper with aluminium as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
    • B22F2003/1051—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding by electric discharge
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of novel powder metallurgy materials, and particularly discloses a high-toughness Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material and a preparation method and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps: (1) directly mixing Cu powder, Al powder and nano Ti powder through mechanical ball milling, and sintering and molding the obtained mixed powder by adopting a discharge plasma process; (2) hot rolling of the composite material: and performing post-plastic deformation on the sintered composite material by adopting a hot rolling process, thereby preparing the high-strength and high-toughness Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material. The reinforcing phase in the composite material is Ti-rich nano particles, and has very good interface combination and coordinated deformability with a Cu matrix. The tensile strength of the composite material can reach 600MPa, and the composite material has the fracture elongation rate of more than 20%, shows excellent strength and toughness matching degree, and is obviously superior to the Cu-based composite material which is industrially applied at present.

Description

High-toughness Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of novel powder metallurgy materials, and particularly relates to a high-toughness Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Pure Cu is widely used in the fields of power transmission, microelectronics, high-speed railways, weaponry, and the like because it has excellent thermal and electrical conductivity. However, the strength of pure Cu is low, and the tensile strength is usually within 200MPa, so that the pure Cu device is prone to early failure in the service process, and the service life of pure Cu is severely limited, and therefore, in order to expand the application field of Cu materials and prolong the service life of Cu materials, the strength of Cu is urgently required to be improved. At present, in order to improve the strength of Cu, two types of means are generally adopted, mainly alloying or adding a reinforcing phase, so as to prepare the Cu alloy and the Cu-based composite material. However, according to literature reports and industrial application practices, the two measures can obviously improve the strength of Cu, but the plasticity of Cu is greatly deteriorated, and the high strength and high toughness of the material cannot be obtained at the same time. For example, the strength of Cu-Cr-Zr alloy can reach 700MPa, but the uniform elongation is only 2%; TiB2The tensile strength of the particle reinforced Cu-based composite material can be increased compared with that of pure Cu150MPa is added, but the elongation is only 5 percent. In the case of Cu alloy, the reason why the strength is improved and the plasticity is impaired is mainly that after alloying, solid solution atoms can effectively block, pin or drag dislocations, thereby improving the strength of the material, but since the dislocations cannot effectively move, the dislocations are easily tangled, so that the material is broken due to stress concentration. The reason for the significant reduction in plasticity of Cu-based composites can be attributed to two aspects. On the one hand, due to the ceramic particles used, e.g. Al2O3、SiC、TiB2And the like, a good metallurgical bonding interface cannot be formed with a Cu matrix, and when the composite material bears, cracks are easy to be initiated in an interface area and rapidly spread along the interface, so that the material is cracked prematurely. On the other hand, the hard and brittle ceramic particles have poor capability of coordinated deformation with the Cu matrix, and stress concentration easily occurs at the interface, resulting in interface cracking. Therefore, in view of the defects of the existing Cu alloy and Cu-based composite material, it is necessary to innovate the material structure and explore the synergistic coupling effect of various strengthening and toughening mechanisms, so that the Cu material has high strength and excellent toughness, and further, the application requirements in the high-tech field are better met.
In recent years, research on CuAl alloy shows that the Al element can remarkably reduce the fault energy of the material and can form a large amount of deformation twin crystals in the process of carrying and deforming the material so as to improve the strength of the material, but because the twin crystal structure is unstable, the actions such as growth, cutting and the like are easy to occur in the process of stretching and deforming the material, the material is softened after short-time work hardening, so that the uniform deformation capability of the material is low, and necking fracture is easy to occur.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention mainly aims to provide a preparation method of a high-strength and high-toughness Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material.
The invention also aims to provide the high-toughness Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material prepared by the method.
The invention further aims to provide application of the high-toughness Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material in the fields of electric power, traffic, energy and the like.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following scheme:
a preparation method of a high-strength and high-toughness Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) directly mixing Cu powder, Al powder and nano Ti powder through mechanical ball milling, and sintering and molding the obtained mixed powder by adopting a discharge plasma process;
(2) hot rolling of the composite material: and carrying out post-plastic deformation on the sintered composite material by adopting a hot rolling process, thereby preparing the high-strength and high-toughness Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material.
In the mixed powder in the step (1), the Al powder accounts for 0.5-3 wt.%, the Ti accounts for 0.5-2 wt.%, and the balance is Cu powder.
The grain size of the Cu powder in the step (1) is 10-30 microns, the grain size of the Al powder is 5-20 microns, and the grain size of the nano Ti powder is 50-80 nm.
The rotating speed of the mechanical ball milling in the step (1) is 250-600 revolutions per minute, the ball milling time is 2-5 hours, and the ball-to-material ratio is 2: 1-5: 1. Preferably, the mechanical ball milling is performed under an argon protective atmosphere.
The sintering parameters in the step (2) are as follows: the sintering temperature is 800-1000 ℃, the sintering pressure is 30-50 MPa, the sintering time is 20 min-1 h, and the sintering atmosphere is vacuum. Preferably, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min to 20 ℃/min,
the hot rolling process in the step (2) is specifically that heat preservation is carried out for 0.2-3 h at 800-900 ℃, and then hot rolling is carried out, wherein the rolling reduction is 40-60%.
A high-toughness Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material is prepared by the method.
The high-strength and high-toughness Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material is applied to the fields of electric power, traffic, energy and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1) the raw materials used by the Cu-based composite material are conventional commercial materials, including Cu powder, Al powder and nano Ti powder, and have multiple raw material sources and low price.
2) The Cu-based composite material has simple working procedures, mainly comprises powder mixing, sintering and hot rolling, the adopted equipment is conventional equipment, the spark plasma sintering can be replaced by common sintering equipment such as hot pressing, hot isostatic pressing and the like, and the equipment has wide selectivity.
3) The composite material is prepared by adopting a powder metallurgy process, the components of the composite material can be adjusted and optimized in series according to requirements, and the structure and the components of the composite material are flexible and adjustable.
4) The reinforcing phase in the composite material is Ti-rich nano particles, and has very good interface combination and coordinated deformability with a Cu matrix.
5) The tensile strength of the composite material can reach 600MPa, and the composite material has the fracture elongation rate of more than 20%, shows excellent strength and toughness matching degree, and is obviously superior to the Cu-based composite material which is industrially applied at present.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows typical TEM images (a and b) and spectra (c) of the composite material obtained in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a drawing curve of pure Cu material prepared in the present invention
Fig. 3 is a tensile curve of the CuAl-based composite material prepared in the present invention, with the mass fractions of Al and Ti being 1.03 wt.% and 0.75 wt.%.
Fig. 4 is a tensile curve of the CuAl-based composite material prepared in the present invention, with mass fractions of Al and Ti of 2.1 wt.% and 1.47 wt.%.
Fig. 5 is a tensile curve of the CuAl-based composite material prepared in the present invention, with the mass fractions of Al and Ti being 3.03 wt.% and 2.12 wt.%.
Fig. 6 is a tensile curve of the CuAl-based composite material prepared in example 4 of the present invention, wherein the mass fractions of Al and Ti are 4.05 wt.% and 2.55 wt.%.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
The reagents used in the examples are commercially available without specific reference.
Example 1
The raw materials for preparing the Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material comprise 4.05 wt.% of Al powder, 2.55 wt.% of nano Ti powder and the balance of Cu powder. Batching was performed in a vacuum glove box. And (3) ball-milling the prepared mixture for 4 hours under the protection of argon by adopting ball-milling parameters with the rotating speed of 300 revolutions per minute and the ball-to-material ratio of 8:1 to obtain mixed powder. And sintering the mixed powder in a discharge plasma sintering furnace at 950 ℃ for 30min, wherein the mechanical pressure applied during sintering is 30MPa, and the protective atmosphere is vacuum. And finally, carrying out hot rolling on the sintered composite material after heat preservation for 1h at 850 ℃, wherein the rolling reduction is 50%, and obtaining the Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material. The tensile strength of the Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material is 597MPa and the elongation is 21% through uniaxial tensile test.
Example 2
The raw materials for preparing the Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material comprise 3.03 wt.% of Al powder, 2.12 wt.% of nano Ti powder and the balance of Cu powder. Batching was performed in a vacuum glove box. And (3) performing ball milling on the prepared mixture for 4 hours under the protection of argon by adopting ball milling parameters with the rotating speed of 300 revolutions per minute and the ball-to-material ratio of 8:1 to obtain mixed powder. And sintering the mixed powder in a discharge plasma sintering furnace at 950 ℃ for 30min, wherein the mechanical pressure applied during sintering is 30MPa, and the protective atmosphere is vacuum. And finally, carrying out hot rolling on the sintered composite material after heat preservation for 1h at 850 ℃, wherein the rolling reduction is 50%, and obtaining the Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material. The tensile strength of the Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material is 507MPa and the elongation is 20% through uniaxial tensile test.
Example 3
The raw materials for preparing the Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material comprise 2.1 wt.% of Al powder, 1.47 wt.% of nano Ti powder and the balance of Cu powder. Batching was performed in a vacuum glove box. And (3) performing ball milling on the prepared mixture for 4 hours under the protection of argon by adopting ball milling parameters with the rotating speed of 300 revolutions per minute and the ball-to-material ratio of 8:1 to obtain mixed powder. And sintering the mixed powder in a discharge plasma sintering furnace at 950 ℃ for 30min, wherein the mechanical pressure applied during sintering is 30MPa, and the protective atmosphere is vacuum. And finally, carrying out hot rolling on the sintered composite material after heat preservation for 1h at 850 ℃, wherein the rolling reduction is 50%, and obtaining the Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material. The tensile strength of the Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material is 447MPa and the elongation is 8% as determined by a uniaxial tensile test.
Example 4
The Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material is prepared from 4.05 wt.% of Al powder, 2.55 wt.% of nano Ti powder and the balance of Cu powder. Batching was performed in a vacuum glove box. And (3) ball-milling the prepared mixture for 4 hours under the protection of argon by adopting ball-milling parameters with the rotating speed of 300 revolutions per minute and the ball-to-material ratio of 5:1 to obtain mixed powder. And sintering the mixed powder in a discharge plasma sintering furnace at 1000 ℃ for 30min, wherein the mechanical pressure applied during sintering is 50MPa, and the protective atmosphere is vacuum. And finally, carrying out hot rolling on the sintered composite material after heat preservation for 1h at 850 ℃, wherein the rolling reduction is 50%, and obtaining the Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material. The tensile strength of the Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material is 596MPa and the elongation is 23% through uniaxial tensile test.
Example 5
The raw materials for preparing the Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material comprise 4.05 wt.% of Al powder, 2.55 wt.% of nano Ti powder and the balance of Cu powder. Batching was performed in a vacuum glove box. And (3) ball-milling the prepared mixture for 4 hours under the protection of argon by adopting ball-milling parameters with the rotating speed of 300 revolutions per minute and the ball-to-material ratio of 8:1 to obtain mixed powder. And sintering the mixed powder in a discharge plasma sintering furnace at 1000 ℃ for 30min, wherein the mechanical pressure applied during sintering is 30MPa, and the protective atmosphere is vacuum. And finally, carrying out hot rolling on the sintered composite material after heat preservation for 1h at 850 ℃, wherein the rolling reduction is 50%, and obtaining the Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material. The tensile strength of the Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material is 603MPa and the elongation is 22% through uniaxial tensile test.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A preparation method of a high-strength and high-toughness Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing a Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material, wherein the raw materials comprise 4.05 wt.% of Al powder, 2.55 wt.% of nano Ti powder and the balance of Cu powder; batching in a vacuum glove box; ball-milling the prepared mixture for 4 hours under the protection of argon by adopting ball-milling parameters with the rotating speed of 300 revolutions per minute and the ball-to-material ratio of 8:1 to obtain mixed powder; sintering the mixed powder in a discharge plasma sintering furnace at 950 ℃ for 30min, wherein the mechanical pressure applied during sintering is 30MPa, and the protective atmosphere is vacuum; and finally, carrying out hot rolling on the sintered composite material after heat preservation for 1h at 850 ℃, wherein the rolling reduction is 50%, and obtaining the Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material.
2. A preparation method of a high-strength and high-toughness Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing a Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material, wherein the raw materials comprise 4.05 wt.% of Al powder, 2.55 wt.% of nano Ti powder and the balance of Cu powder; batching in a vacuum glove box; ball-milling the prepared mixture for 4 hours under the protection of argon by adopting ball-milling parameters of the rotating speed of 300 revolutions per minute and the ball-material ratio of 5:1 to obtain mixed powder; sintering the mixed powder in a discharge plasma sintering furnace at 1000 ℃ for 30min, wherein the mechanical pressure applied during sintering is 50MPa, and the protective atmosphere is vacuum; and finally, carrying out hot rolling on the sintered composite material after heat preservation for 1h at 850 ℃, wherein the rolling reduction is 50%, and obtaining the Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material.
3. A preparation method of a high-strength and high-toughness Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing a Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material, wherein the raw materials comprise 4.05 wt.% of Al powder, 2.55 wt.% of nano Ti powder and the balance of Cu powder; batching in a vacuum glove box; ball-milling the prepared mixture for 4 hours under the protection of argon by adopting ball-milling parameters with the rotating speed of 300 revolutions per minute and the ball-to-material ratio of 8:1 to obtain mixed powder; sintering the mixed powder in a discharge plasma sintering furnace at 1000 ℃ for 30min, wherein the mechanical pressure applied during sintering is 30MPa, and the protective atmosphere is vacuum; and finally, carrying out hot rolling on the sintered composite material after heat preservation for 1h at 850 ℃, wherein the rolling reduction is 50%, and obtaining the Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material.
4. A high-strength and high-toughness Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material is prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 3.
5. The high-toughness Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material according to claim 4 is applied to electric power, traffic and energy.
CN202110867787.1A 2021-07-29 2021-07-29 High-toughness Ti-rich nanoparticle reinforced CuAl-based composite material and preparation method and application thereof Active CN113737038B (en)

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