CN113736617B - Open culture device and method for treating phosphorus-containing wastewater - Google Patents

Open culture device and method for treating phosphorus-containing wastewater Download PDF

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CN113736617B
CN113736617B CN202010475513.3A CN202010475513A CN113736617B CN 113736617 B CN113736617 B CN 113736617B CN 202010475513 A CN202010475513 A CN 202010475513A CN 113736617 B CN113736617 B CN 113736617B
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culture
culture solution
light guide
phosphorus
microalgae
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CN113736617A (en
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李煦
荣峻峰
宗保宁
郄凤翔
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Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing
China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
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Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing
China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
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    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/02—Photobioreactors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
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    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/02—Form or structure of the vessel
    • C12M23/18—Open ponds; Greenhouse type or underground installations
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    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
    • C12M29/06—Nozzles; Sprayers; Spargers; Diffusers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
    • C12M29/06—Nozzles; Sprayers; Spargers; Diffusers
    • C12M29/08—Air lift
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
    • C12M29/18—External loop; Means for reintroduction of fermented biomass or liquid percolate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2203/00—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2203/006—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage details of construction, e.g. specially adapted seals, modules, connections

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Abstract

The invention relates to the field of wastewater treatment, and discloses an open culture device and a treatment method of phosphorus-containing wastewater. The method comprises the following steps: introducing microalgae and a culture solution containing the phosphorus-containing wastewater into an open culture device, and culturing the microalgae by using the culture solution, wherein the phosphorus-containing wastewater contains one or more of phosphoric acid molecules, hydrogen phosphate ions, dihydrogen phosphate ions and phosphate ions; wherein the open culture device comprises a culture pond (1) for containing the culture solution, and a light guide component and a ventilation component (3) arranged in the culture pond (1); the light guide component comprises more than one light guide plate (2), the top end of the light guide plate (2) is arranged above the liquid level of the culture solution, the bottom end of the light guide plate (2) is arranged below the liquid level of the culture solution, and the light guide plate (2) is used for guiding light irradiated at the top of the light guide plate into the liquid level below the culture solution. The method has higher treatment efficiency and stability, obtains microalgae biomass with high yield while treating wastewater, and has good economic benefit, ecological benefit and social benefit.

Description

Open culture device and method for treating phosphorus-containing wastewater
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wastewater treatment, in particular to an open culture device and a method for treating phosphorus-containing wastewater.
Background
The rapid development of human society greatly increases the demand for water resources. The acceleration of the industrialization process brings serious water pollution while improving the life quality of people. The variety of water pollutants is wide, and the phosphorus-containing wastewater brings serious threat to human health and ecological environment. In various parts of the world, the phenomena of eutrophication, water aging and the like caused by the excessive phosphorus content in the environmental water body bring about serious ecological disasters, and the recovery of the water environment is extremely difficult and long. Therefore, the treatment of wastewater containing phosphate ions is always a hot spot in the field of water treatment, and is also a difficult point and an important point.
Most of the phosphoric acid contained in industrial wastewater exists in the form of orthophosphoric acid radical. The current commonly used wastewater dephosphorization methods include chemical methods and biological methods. The chemical dephosphorization is to add a dephosphorization agent mainly containing inorganic salts such as aluminum salt, calcium salt or ferric salt into the wastewater, and form a precipitate with phosphate under alkaline conditions, thereby realizing dephosphorization of the wastewater. Biological methods utilize phosphorus accumulating bacteria (mainly belonging to the genus Acinetobacter, aeromonas, pseudomonas, etc.) to absorb phosphorus under aerobic conditions, become a part of bacterial biomass, and fix phosphorus in wastewater in sludge. The chemical method requires a large amount of medicaments to be added, and simultaneously generates a large amount of phosphorus-containing sludge, which may cause secondary pollution. The biological method needs to design a proper aerobic-anaerobic treatment process, and has certain difficulty in accurately regulating and controlling the absorption and release of the microorganisms to the phosphorus. Phosphorus accumulating bacteria have limited phosphorus uptake capacity and may need to be used in combination with chemical methods for higher concentrations of phosphorus-containing wastewater, increasing the complexity of the technology. The biological method also needs to carry out harmless treatment on the generated phosphorus-containing activated sludge, and can not realize the recycling of phosphorus elements while increasing the wastewater treatment cost. It can be seen that there is currently a lack of technology that can treat wastewater containing higher concentrations of phosphate ions with high efficiency and at low cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of low treatment efficiency, low recycling utilization degree, secondary pollution and the like in the prior art, and provides an open culture device and a treatment method of phosphorus-containing wastewater.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides an open culture device comprising a culture tank for accommodating a culture liquid, and a light guide member and a ventilation member provided in the culture tank; the light guide component comprises more than one light guide plate, the top end of the light guide plate is arranged above the liquid level of the culture solution, the bottom end of the light guide plate is arranged below the liquid level of the culture solution, and the light guide plate is used for guiding light irradiated at the top of the light guide plate into the liquid level below the culture solution.
Preferably, the light guide plate is composed of a transparent material, and includes an upper light absorbing part and a lower light scattering part.
Preferably, the light absorbing portion has an inverted trapezoid cross section, and the light scattering portion has a rectangular cross section.
Preferably, the light scattering portion is subjected to a substrate doping treatment and/or a laser etching treatment to reduce its light transmittance.
Preferably, in the light scattering portion, the lower portion has higher light transmittance than the upper portion.
Preferably, the ventilation component comprises a ventilation pipe and more than one aeration pipe, and aeration holes are distributed on the aeration pipe.
Preferably, the aeration pipe is provided at the bottom of the culture tank.
Preferably, the aeration pipe is disposed below the light guide plate.
Preferably, the aeration holes are provided toward the light guide plate.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for treating phosphorus-containing wastewater, the method comprising: introducing microalgae and a culture solution containing the phosphorus-containing wastewater into an open culture device, and culturing the microalgae by using the culture solution, wherein the phosphorus-containing wastewater contains one or more of phosphoric acid molecules, hydrogen phosphate ions, dihydrogen phosphate ions and phosphate ions; wherein the open culture device comprises a culture pond for accommodating the culture solution, and a light guide component and a ventilation component which are arranged in the culture pond; the light guide component comprises more than one light guide plate, the top end of the light guide plate is arranged above the liquid level of the culture solution, the bottom end of the light guide plate is arranged below the liquid level of the culture solution, and the light guide plate is used for guiding light irradiated at the top of the light guide plate into the liquid level below the culture solution.
Preferably, the light guide plate is composed of a transparent material, and includes an upper light absorbing part and a lower light scattering part.
More preferably, the light absorbing portion has an inverted trapezoid shape in cross section, and the light scattering portion has a rectangular shape in cross section.
More preferably, the light scattering portion is subjected to a substrate doping treatment and/or a laser etching treatment to reduce its light transmittance.
More preferably, in the light scattering portion, the lower portion has higher light transmittance than the upper portion.
Preferably, the ventilation component comprises a ventilation pipe and more than one aeration pipe, and aeration holes are distributed on the aeration pipe.
More preferably, the aeration pipe is provided at the bottom of the culture tank.
More preferably, the aeration pipe is disposed below the light guide plate.
More preferably, the aeration holes are provided toward the light guide plate.
More preferably, the total phosphorus content of the phosphorus-containing wastewater calculated by phosphorus element is more than or equal to 10mg/L.
More preferably, in the phosphorus-containing wastewater, phosphorus elements in the form of phosphoric acid molecules, hydrogen phosphate ions, dihydrogen phosphate ions and/or phosphate ions account for more than or equal to 1 percent of the total phosphorus elements.
Preferably, the phosphorus-containing wastewater is introduced such that PO is used in the culture solution 4 3- The content of the phosphate radical ion is 5-1000mg/L.
Preferably, the pH of the culture solution is 8.0-11.0.
Preferably, the pH value of the culture solution is adjusted by adding a pH regulator; more preferably, the pH regulator is nitric acid, sodium bicarbonate and CO 2 One or more of the following.
Preferably, relative to 1m 3 The culture solution has ventilation volume of 0.02-2m 3 /min。
Preferably, the gas introduced into the ventilation component is one or more selected from air, carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
Preferably, the culture solution also contains other nutritional components for providing microalgae growth.
Preferably, the other nutritional ingredients include one or more of a carbon source, a nitrogen source, an iron source, a magnesium source, and trace elements.
Preferably, the method further comprises: and taking out at least part of the culture solution and supplementing the phosphorus-containing wastewater.
Preferably, the OD of the microalgae in the culture broth 560 When the ratio is more than 1.5, taking out at least part of the culture solution;
preferably, the culture medium is taken out continuously or intermittently.
Preferably, microalgae are isolated from the culture broth withdrawn by filtration treatment.
Preferably, the filtering treatment is one-stage filtering treatment or more than two-stage series filtering treatment.
Preferably, the filtration treatment comprises at least ultrafiltration with a molecular weight cut-off of less than or equal to 100kDa.
Preferably, the clear liquid obtained by the filtration treatment does not contain microalgae cells and molecules with a molecular weight of >100 kDa.
Preferably, after separating microalgae from the culture solution taken out, the obtained microalgae is subjected toReturning the clear liquid to the open culture device; more preferably, the OD of microalgae in the culture broth is controlled when returning the supernatant 560 0.5-1.5.
Preferably, the microalgae are eukaryotic and/or prokaryotic algae, preferably prokaryotic algae, more preferably spirulina.
Through the technical scheme, the invention utilizes the microalgae to absorb phosphate ions in the wastewater, achieves the aim of treating (converting) the wastewater containing phosphorus by the microalgae, has higher treatment efficiency and stability, does not generate secondary pollutants, and obtains the microalgae biomass with high yield while treating the wastewater, thereby having good economic benefit, ecological benefit and social benefit. The microalgae biomass can be applied to the fields of feed, health products, materials and the like through post-processing, and has higher economic value. Furthermore, through the arrangement matching of the ventilation component and the light guide component, the ventilation quantity and the optimization of the orientation of the aeration holes, the attachment of microalgae on the surface of the light guide component can be reduced, the illumination effect is improved, and the operation and cleaning cost of the treatment device are reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of an open culture device of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an open culture apparatus according to the invention.
FIG. 3 shows PO during the treatment of each of the examples and comparative examples 4 3- Cleaning efficiency.
FIG. 4 shows PO during the treatment of each of the examples and comparative examples 4 3- Clearance rate.
Description of the reference numerals
1. Culture pond 2, light guide plate 3, and ventilation member
201. Light absorbing portion 202, light scattering portion 301, and aeration tube
302. Aeration hole
Detailed Description
The endpoints and any values of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and are understood to encompass values approaching those ranges or values. For numerical ranges, one or more new numerical ranges may be found between the endpoints of each range, between the endpoint of each range and the individual point value, and between the individual point value, in combination with each other, and are to be considered as specifically disclosed herein. In the present invention, terms such as "upper", "lower", "vertical" and the like are used in directions corresponding to the directions of the drawings.
The open culture apparatus of the first aspect of the invention, as shown in FIGS. 1-2, comprises a culture tank 1 for holding a culture liquid, and a light guide member and a ventilation member 3 provided in the culture tank 1; the light guide component comprises more than one light guide plate 2, the top end of the light guide plate 2 is arranged above the liquid level of the culture solution, the bottom end of the light guide plate 2 is arranged below the liquid level of the culture solution, and the light guide plate 2 is used for guiding light irradiated on the top of the light guide plate into the liquid level below the culture solution.
According to the present invention, the structure and arrangement of the light guide plate 2 are not particularly limited. From the viewpoint of facilitating the introduction of external light into the culture medium, it is preferable that the light guide plate 2 includes an upper light absorbing portion 201 and a lower light scattering portion 202. The light absorbing portion 201 and the light scattering portion 202 are integrally formed, and when in use, at least part of the light absorbing portion 201 is positioned above the liquid surface to absorb light, and at least part of the light scattering portion 202 is positioned below the liquid surface to scatter light absorbed by the light absorbing portion 201, thereby achieving a good light guiding effect. The light guide plate 2 is preferably a plate-like structure. From the viewpoint of facilitating absorption and scattering of light, it is preferable that the upper side of the cross section of the light absorbing portion 201 is longer than the lower side, as shown in fig. 2, and for example, may be an inverted trapezoid, and the cross section of the light scattering portion 202 is a rectangle. The cross section refers to a plane perpendicular to the plate-like plane of the light guide plate 2. The size of the light guide plate is matched with the size of the culture pond. Furthermore, it is preferable that the light guide plates 2 are vertically arranged in the culture pond 1, and the number of the light guide plates 2 is preferably 2 to 5/m, and the interval is 10 to 50cm.
According to the present invention, the material of the light guide plate 2 is not particularly limited, and the constituent material of the light guide plate 2 is preferably a solid transparent material, and may be, for example, one or more of glass, surface-treated glass, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, and a composite organic material.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to increase the scattering efficiency of the light scattering portion 202, it is preferable that the light absorbing portion 201 is a transparent substrate, and the light scattering portion 202 reduces its light transmittance by a substrate doping process and/or a laser etching process, so that incident light within a certain angle range from the vertical direction is uniformly scattered toward the horizontal direction.
Furthermore, the light transmittance of the light guide plate 2 may be uniform or non-uniform, and the light guide plate 2 having non-uniform light transmittance may achieve the effect of adjusting the illumination intensity of the culture solution at different depths. The light transmittance of the light guide plate 2 at different positions can be generally adjusted by adjusting the doping level and/or the laser etching level, for example, the light transmittance of a material with a higher doping level or a higher laser etching level is low, and more light is scattered in the horizontal direction, so that the surface light irradiation intensity is higher. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the light scattering portion 202 is subjected to a substrate doping treatment and/or a laser etching treatment to reduce its light transmittance; more preferably, the light scattering portion 202 has higher light transmittance in the lower portion than in the upper portion, and further preferably, the light scattering portion 202 has higher light transmittance in the lower portion.
Microalgae cells undergo photosynthesis during autotrophic growth, which assimilates carbon dioxide into organics as part of the biomass that microalgae accumulate. Therefore, it is necessary to supply a carbon source to microalgae cells by contacting with a carbon dioxide-containing gas by stirring, aeration, flow, or the like. In the apparatus of the present invention, the ventilation member 3 is used to supply a gas such as carbon dioxide necessary for microalgae growth. The manner in which the ventilation member 3 is provided is not particularly limited, and it is preferable that the ventilation member 3 includes a ventilation pipe and one or more aeration pipes 301, and the aeration pipes 301 are provided with aeration holes 302 at regular intervals. The aeration pipe is used for introducing gas into the aeration pipe 301, and the aeration holes 302 are used for discharging the introduced gas. The number of the aeration tubes 301 is preferably the same as the number of the light guide plates. Wherein the gas introduced into the ventilation member 3 may be one or more selected from air, carbon dioxide and nitrogen, preferably air or carbon dioxide; the ventilation volume of the ventilation member 3 can be appropriately adjusted as required, and the phase is changedFor 1m 3 The aeration rate of the culture medium may be, for example, 0.02-2m 3 Preferably 0.5-2 m/min 3 And/min. From the viewpoint of increasing the concentration of a gas such as carbon dioxide in the culture liquid everywhere, the aeration tubes 301 are preferably arranged near the bottom of the culture tank 1, and are preferably uniformly distributed.
In addition, a stirring member for promoting absorption and utilization of nutrients in the culture solution by microalgae, preventing cell death and anaerobic decomposition due to accumulation of oxygen around the algae and preventing algae from sinking may be provided in the culture tank 1, and the stirring member may be a stirring paddle or the like. In the course of the research, the inventors of the present invention found that aeration holes 302 were used to aerate the wastewater treatment system, so that carbon dioxide required for wastewater treatment could be supplied to microalgae, and the mutual movement of bubbles and liquid could be used to agitate the culture solution, thereby preventing algae from sinking, i.e. the aeration means also had the effect of agitation means. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the aeration pipe 301 is disposed below (more preferably, in a right-down position) the light guide plate 2, and more preferably, the aeration holes 302 are disposed toward the light guide plate 2. That is, it is preferable that the setting position and length of the aeration tube 301 be selected in cooperation with the position and size of the light guide plate 2. Through setting up aeration pipe 301 as above, thereby not only can improve the carbon dioxide concentration of the higher partial of illumination intensity around the light guide part and promote little algae growth, can make the phosphorus wastewater of leading-in and other additional components intensive mixing, avoid little algae to appear flocculating settling, utilize simultaneously to sweep the light guide part from the gas that aeration hole 302 led in, reach the purpose that prevents little algae gathering and shelter from light on the light guide part, reduce the oxygen concentration around the algae body, reduce processing apparatus's operation and clean cost. Thus, in the preferred open culture apparatus of the present invention in which the aeration member 3 is appropriately provided, a good wastewater treatment effect can be achieved even if the stirring member is not provided.
The treatment method of the phosphorus-containing wastewater comprises the following steps: introducing microalgae and a culture solution containing the phosphorus-containing wastewater into an open culture device, and culturing the microalgae by using the culture solution, wherein the phosphorus-containing wastewater contains one or more of phosphoric acid molecules, hydrogen phosphate ions, dihydrogen phosphate ions and phosphate ions; as shown in fig. 1 to 2, the open culture apparatus comprises a culture tank 1 for accommodating the culture liquid, and a light guide member and a ventilation member 3 provided in the culture tank; the light guide component comprises more than one light guide plate 2, the top end of the light guide plate 2 is arranged above the liquid level of the culture solution, the bottom end of the light guide plate 2 is arranged below the liquid level of the culture solution, and the light guide plate 2 is used for guiding light irradiated on the top of the light guide plate into the liquid level below the culture solution.
According to the invention, the open culture device is used for providing conditions in the microalgae culture process, so that the aim of treating the phosphorus-containing wastewater is fulfilled, and the structure of the open culture device can be used for completing the efficient culture of the microalgae. In the open culture device, the culture pond 1 is an open culture pond, and may specifically have a columnar structure without a top wall.
In the open culture device, the light guide component is used for guiding sunlight incident above the open culture device into the culture solution, so that microalgae positioned at a position where sunlight cannot transmit in a deeper part of the culture solution can be fully illuminated, and the culture efficiency is improved; the ventilation member 3 is used for supplying gas such as carbon dioxide and the like required for growth of microalgae and promoting growth of the microalgae. By providing proper conditions as above, the microalgae cells utilize various photosensitizing pigments which are contained in the microalgae cells and can absorb photons in a specific wavelength range to convert light energy into chemical energy, and the chemical energy is provided for the microalgae cells for substance assimilation, so that the aim of wastewater treatment is fulfilled.
The open culture device of the first aspect of the invention may be used as the open culture device in the treatment method of the second aspect. The structure of the open culture device is the same as that of the open culture device according to the first aspect of the present invention, and will not be described in detail here.
In the invention, the phosphorus-containing wastewater contains one or more of phosphoric acid molecules, hydrogen phosphate ions, dihydrogen phosphate ions and phosphate ions, and the existence form of phosphorus is different according to the difference of pH. The wastewater containing the phosphoric acid molecules, the hydrogen phosphate ions, the dihydrogen phosphate ions and/or the phosphate ions can be used as wastewater to be treated in the method of the invention, and can be particularly phosphorus-containing wastewater discharged by various industries, and the method of the invention is particularly beneficial to treating wastewater with higher phosphorus content. By utilizing the method, the phosphorus-containing wastewater can provide a phosphorus source required by the growth of microalgae, so that phosphate ions in the phosphorus-containing wastewater can be consumed by the cultivation of the microalgae, and the purpose of wastewater treatment is achieved.
The total phosphorus content in the phosphorus-containing wastewater is preferably not less than 10mg/L, more preferably not less than 50mg/L, for example, 50-50000mg/L, in terms of phosphorus element. And, preferably wherein the phosphorus element present in the form of phosphoric acid molecule, hydrogen phosphate ion, dihydrogen phosphate ion and/or phosphate ion is at least 1%, more preferably at least 5% of the total phosphorus element. Determination of total phosphorus content (TP) and phosphate ions reference is made to the continuous flow-ammonium molybdate spectrophotometry for determination of phosphate and total phosphorus in HJ 670-2013 water. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the phosphorus-containing wastewater is introduced such that PO is present in the culture broth 4 3- The content of the phosphate ion is 5 to 1000mg/L, preferably 50 to 1000mg/L, more preferably 200 to 1000mg/L, still more preferably 200 to 500mg/L. When the concentration of phosphate ions is higher than the concentration required by microalgae culture, water can be added to dilute the solution appropriately.
In order to meet the requirements of microalgae cultivation, the culture solution also contains other nutritional components for providing microalgae growth. The other nutritional ingredients comprise carbon source, nitrogen source, iron source, magnesium source, trace elements and the like. The composition of the specific other nutrient components may be selected according to the microalgae selected, and for example, the above other nutrient components may be selected with reference to at least one of BG-11 medium, SE medium, pr medium, f/2 medium, zarouk medium (preferably Zarouk medium).
According to the present invention, the pH of the culture solution is preferably 8.0 to 11.0, preferably 8.5 to 10.5, in order to provide conditions for microalgae growth. By adjusting the pH of the culture solution to the above range, phosphorus in the culture solution can exist in the form of phosphate ions which can be utilized by microalgae. When the pH of the culture solution is outside the above range, the pH may beThe pH value of the culture solution is regulated by adding a pH regulator, preferably nitric acid, sodium bicarbonate and CO 2 One or more of the following.
In certain treatment devices, there is an upper limit on the cell density at which microalgae grow, and when approaching this upper limit, the rate of absorption of foreign substances by microalgae can be significantly reduced. In order to maintain the processing efficiency of the processing apparatus at a high level, the method of the present invention may further comprise: and taking out at least part of the culture solution and supplementing the phosphorus-containing wastewater. Preferably the OD of the microalgae in the culture broth 560 When the ratio is 1.5 or more, at least a part of the culture solution is taken out. The specific mode of taking out the culture solution may be continuous or batch type, and more preferably the culture solution taken out continuously or batch type accounts for 5 to 80% by weight, preferably 30 to 70% by weight of the total amount of the culture solution. Microalgae can be isolated from the culture broth removed, for example, by filtration treatment; the filtering treatment mode is one-stage filtering treatment or series filtering treatment with more than two stages.
In addition, the inventor of the present invention also found that microalgae can secrete various bioactive substances into the surrounding environment during the growth process, and when the concentration of the bioactive substances is accumulated to a certain level, the concentration of the bioactive substances can inhibit the growth of the microalgae, thereby affecting the phosphoric acid removal efficiency of the device. Therefore, when microalgae are separated from the extracted culture solution, it is preferable to remove these active substances together, so that the recovery of the filtered clear liquid is prevented from affecting the growth of microalgae in the treatment system. Specifically, the inventors of the present invention found that when the culture broth is filtered using an ultrafiltration apparatus having a molecular weight cut-off of 100kDa or less, the resulting filtered supernatant does not contain substances that inhibit the growth of microalgae, and the reuse of the filtered supernatant does not adversely affect the growth efficiency of microalgae and the removal efficiency of phosphoric acid. Therefore, the filtration treatment according to the invention comprises ultrafiltration with a primary molecular weight cut-off of less than or equal to 100kDa. By the ultrafiltration, the clear liquid obtained by the filtration treatment does not contain microalgae cells and molecules with molecular weight of more than 100kDa. In particular, the invention preferably adopts two-stage series filtration, which comprises ultrafiltration with a first-stage molecular weight cut-off of less than or equal to 100kDa, in consideration of factors such as filtration efficiency, energy consumption, equipment maintenance cost and the like.
In addition, microalgae absorb phosphorus from the culture broth and become immobilized as part of their own biomass by assimilation. Thus, the efficiency of microalgae to remove phosphorus from wastewater is largely dependent on the rate of accumulation of microalgae biomass. The microalgae biomass in the treatment system is maintained at a higher level, which is beneficial to improving the accumulation rate of the microalgae biomass, thereby improving the treatment capacity of the treatment device. On the other hand, when the microalgae biomass reaches a higher level, the accumulation rate of the microalgae biomass may be reduced due to the limitation of environmental conditions. Therefore, the microalgae biomass in the treatment system should not be too high. By combining the above two factors and combining the control conditions of the wastewater treatment process, the inventors of the present invention found that, in the course of the study, the cell density (OD at 560 nm) of microalgae in the treatment apparatus was properly controlled 560 Measured) is beneficial to maintaining the higher treatment efficiency of the wastewater treatment device. For spirulina, it is preferable to control the OD of microalgae in the culture broth 560 From 0.5 to 1.5, in particular, OD 560 The highest phosphoric acid treatment capacity can be achieved by controlling the phosphoric acid concentration in the range of 0.8-1.2. The cell density of the microalgae can be regulated by adjusting the adding amount of the phosphorus-containing wastewater, the amount of returned clear liquid, the amount of added water and the like. The clear liquid obtained after separating microalgae can be returned to the treatment device, so that the density of microalgae cells in the culture solution is far away from the upper limit, and the reduction of the treatment efficiency of the treatment device is avoided.
Separating microalgae from the extracted culture solution, and returning the obtained clear liquid to an open culture device for further treatment of phosphorus in the culture solution after separating the microalgae; more preferably, the OD of microalgae in the culture solution is controlled when returning the clear solution 560 0.5-1.5. By taking out a part of the culture solution and separating microalgae from the culture solution, the culture solution can be supplied for downstream high-valued application.
In addition, as the culture pond 1 is an open culture pond, the culture solution is continuously evaporated in the whole treatment process, and the phosphorus-containing wastewater can be properly supplemented into the culture solution at the moment according to the requirement, so that the effect of continuously treating the wastewater is achieved. And, by employing the method of the present inventionOD of microalgae in culture solution 560 The microalgae can continuously maintain higher activity, and the algae seeds do not need to be supplemented in the whole treatment process.
In the present invention, the microalgae used may be various microalgae capable of taking phosphate ions in wastewater as a phosphorus source, including eukaryotic algae and/or prokaryotic algae, preferably Chlorella (such as Chlorella vulgaris @ or Chlorella vulgaris @ preferablyChlorella vulgaris) Chlorella ellipsoidea (L.) kuntzeC. ellipsoidea) Or chlorella pyrenoidosaC. pyrenoidosa) Mono-needle algae (such as Dai Shishan needle algae ]Monoraphidium dybowskii) Scenedesmus (such as scenedesmus obliquus ]Scenedesmusobliqnus) Radix seu folium Gaultheriae YunnanensisS. acuminatus) Scenedesmus (C. Curvatus)S. arcuatus) Scenedesmus with the root of Lagerstroemia speciosaS. armatus) Or radix et rhizoma Smilacis GlabraeS. quadricauda) Or spirulina (such as Spirulina platensisSpirulina platensis) Or the spirulina maximaSpirulina maxima) Among them, spirulina is preferable.
The present invention will be described in detail by examples. In the following examples, the composition of the phosphorus-containing wastewater was: NO (NO) 3 - 4.24g/L、SO 4 2- 1.5mg/L、PO 4 3- 1336mg/L、Na + 2274mg/L、Ca 2+ 115mg/L, 0.01mg/L toluene and 1mg/L caprolactam are derived from a caprolactam production process.
Absorbance (OD value) measurement of the culture solution: the absorbance of the culture broth was measured by a spectrophotometer using distilled water as a control, and then measured at the maximum absorption peak wavelength (560 nm) as an index of microalgae concentration.
The determination method of phosphate ions refers to a continuous flow-ammonium molybdate spectrophotometry method for determining phosphate and total phosphorus in water of HJ 670-2013.
PO 4 3- Clearance efficiency= (initial PO of culture solution 4 3- concentration-PO of culture solution after treatment 4 3- Concentration + adding waste water to reduce PO 4 3- Concentration). Times.depth of culture/days of treatment.
PO 4 3- Clearance = (initial PO of culture solution 4 3- concentration-PO of culture solution after treatment 4 3- Concentration + adding waste water to reduce PO 4 3- Concentration)/adding waste water reduced PO 4 3- Concentration x 100%.
Wherein, adding waste water into the reactor to convert PO 4 3- Concentration = 1336mg/L x 0.3L x days treated/1000L.
In the following examples, the microalgae were spirulina platensis with the number FACHB-314, which was derived from the fresh water algae seed pool of the national academy of sciences.
Example 1
The phosphorus-containing wastewater treatment was performed using an open type culture apparatus as shown in FIGS. 1-2, which includes a culture tank 1 for containing a culture liquid, and a light guide member and a ventilation member 3 provided in the culture tank 1. The length of the culture pond 1 is 1m, the width is 1m, the liquid depth is 30cm, and the total volume of the culture solution can be contained to be 0.3m 3 。
The light guide member includes 5 light guide plates 2 formed of polymethyl methacrylate, which are integrally formed of an upper light absorbing portion 201 and a lower light scattering portion 202, the cross section of the light absorbing portion 201 being of an inverted trapezoid (top width 5cm, height 5.6cm, lower width 1 cm), the cross section of the light scattering portion 202 being of a rectangle (width 1cm, height 22 cm), the width of the light guide plate 2 being 0.9m, the pitch 15cm. The top of the light guide plate 2 is arranged above the liquid level of the culture solution, and the bottom of the light guide plate 2 is arranged below the liquid level of the culture solution (the bottom edge is 7cm away from the bottom of the culture pond 1). The side of the light guide plate 2 is subjected to laser etching to guide the light incident from the top to the side. The light scattering portion 202 of the light guide plate 2 is etched to a large extent, thereby increasing the illumination intensity of the light scattering portion 202.
The aeration component 3 comprises aeration pipes 301 arranged at the bottom of the culture pond 1, wherein aeration holes 302 with the diameter of 2.5mm are arranged on the aeration pipes 301 at intervals of 5cm, and the aeration holes 302 are positioned below the center of the bottom of the light guide plate 2 and 5cm away from the bottom of the light guide plate 2.
Introducing Zarouk culture medium (without phosphate), introducing spirulina strain, and introducing phosphorus-containing wastewater to be treated into culture pond 1 to obtainCulture solution, and PO of the culture solution 4 3- The concentration is 200mg/L. OD of the culture after inoculation 560 About 0.3, air is introduced into the culture pond 1 through the aeration pipe 301, and natural light irradiation is performed at 28 ℃ with aeration amount of 0.2m 3 /min (relative to 1 m) 3 Culture broth).
When the OD of the culture solution 560 After reaching 0.5, samples of the culture broth were collected daily and OD was measured 560 And phosphate concentration, and adding 0.3L of phosphorus-containing wastewater into the culture solution. OD of the culture solution to be cultured 560 When 1.5 was reached, a part of the culture solution (200L) was taken out of the culture tank 1, and was subjected to primary filtration using a 320-mesh nylon filter, and then the primary filtrate was sent to an ultrafiltration apparatus for secondary ultrafiltration. The inlet pressure of the ultrafiltration device is 0.12MPa, the outlet pressure is 0.06MPa, and the molecular weight cut-off of the membrane component is 100kDa. Mixing the second ultrafiltration concentrated solution with the first filtered algae mud, drying, and preserving at low temperature. The second-stage ultrafiltration clear liquid returns to the culture pond 1, and the OD of the culture liquid in the pond is controlled 560 Between 0.5 and 1.5, the treatment and sampling detection are continued, and the cycle is performed.
Example 2
Wastewater treatment was performed as in example 1, except that the OD of the culture solution to be cultured was changed 560 When 1.2 is reached, a part of the culture solution is taken out of the culture tank 1, and the OD of the culture solution in the tank is controlled by returning the secondary ultrafiltration clear solution to the culture tank 1 560 Between 0.8 and 1.2.
Comparative example 1
Wastewater treatment was performed in the same manner as in example 2, except that the light guide plate 2 was not installed in the culture pond.
Comparative example 2
Wastewater treatment was performed as in example 2, except that aeration pipe 301 was not disposed in the culture tank, but a mechanical stirring and mixing device was installed, and the liquid circulation amount was 2m 3 /h。
Example 3
Wastewater treatment was performed in the same manner as in example 2, except that the aeration pipe 301 was disposed at a vertical distance of 5cm from the bottom of the light source just below the gap between the two light guide plates 2.
Example 4
Wastewater treatment was performed as in example 2, except that phosphorus-containing wastewater was added to the culture tank to make PO 4 3- The concentration is 5mg/L.
Example 5
Wastewater treatment was performed as in example 2, except that phosphorus-containing wastewater was added to the culture tank to make PO 4 3- The concentration is 50mg/L.
Example 6
Wastewater treatment was performed as in example 2, except that phosphorus-containing wastewater was added to the culture tank to make PO 4 3- The concentration is 500mg/L.
Example 7
Wastewater treatment was performed as in example 2, except that phosphorus-containing wastewater was added to the culture tank to make PO 4 3- The concentration was 1g/L.
Example 8
The wastewater treatment was performed as in example 2, except that when the OD of the culture broth was changed 560 When the concentration reaches 0.5, filtering operation is carried out, and the OD of the culture solution in the pond is controlled 560 Between 0.2 and 0.5.
Example 9
Wastewater treatment was performed as in example 2, except that the OD of the culture solution to be cultured was changed 560 When the concentration reaches 2.0, filtering operation is carried out, and the OD of the culture solution in the pond is controlled 560 Between 1.5 and 2.0.
Example 10
Wastewater treatment was performed as in example 2, except that the culture broth taken out of the culture pond was filtered using a 320 mesh nylon filter screen, and the filtered supernatant was directly returned to the culture pond without ultrafiltration.
Example 11
Wastewater treatment was performed as in example 2, except that the ultrafiltration membrane module had a molecular weight cut-off of 300kDa.
Example 12
Wastewater treatment was performed in the same manner as in example 2 except that the algae species used was Chlorella.
PO of the above examples and comparative examples 4 3- The removal efficiency and removal rate are shown in Table 1 below, and PO of FIG. 3 was obtained based on the above results 4 3- Cleaning efficiency and PO of FIG. 4 4 3- Clearance rate.
TABLE 1
Figure SMS_1
As can be seen from Table 1, good PO can be achieved by treating the phosphorus-containing wastewater by the treatment method of the present application 4 3- Cleaning efficiency and PO 4 3- Clearance rate. Furthermore, by appropriately selecting the cultured OD 560 Value range, PO in culture solution 4 3- The concentration, the light source, the arrangement mode of the ventilation component, the filtering condition, the matched algae species and the like can further improve PO 4 3- Cleaning efficiency and PO 4 3- Clearance rate.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, a number of simple variants of the technical solution of the invention are possible, including combinations of the individual technical features in any other suitable way, which simple variants and combinations should likewise be regarded as being disclosed by the invention, all falling within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims (21)

1. A method for treating phosphorus-containing wastewater, the method comprising: introducing microalgae and a culture solution containing the phosphorus-containing wastewater into an open culture device, and culturing the microalgae by using the culture solution, wherein the phosphorus-containing wastewater contains one or more of phosphoric acid molecules, hydrogen phosphate ions, dihydrogen phosphate ions and phosphate ions;
wherein the open culture device comprises a culture pond (1) for containing the culture solution, and a light guide component and a ventilation component (3) arranged in the culture pond (1); the ventilation component (3) comprises a ventilation pipe and more than one aeration pipe (301), and aeration holes (302) are distributed on the aeration pipe (301); the aeration pipe (301) is arranged at the bottom of the culture pond (1);
the light guide component comprises more than one light guide plate (2), the top end of the light guide plate (2) is arranged above the liquid level of the culture solution, the bottom end of the light guide plate (2) is arranged below the liquid level of the culture solution, and the light guide plate (2) is used for guiding the light irradiated on the top of the light guide plate into the position below the liquid level of the culture solution;
the aeration pipe (301) is arranged below the light guide plate (2);
the microalgae is spirulina;
the phosphorus-containing wastewater is introduced so that PO is used in the culture solution 4 3- The content of the phosphate radical ion is 5-1000mg/L;
the method further comprises the steps of: taking out at least part of the culture solution, supplementing the phosphorus-containing wastewater, separating microalgae from the taken out culture solution, and returning the obtained clear solution to the open culture device; wherein, when returning the clear liquid, the OD of the microalgae in the culture solution is controlled 560 0.5-1.5.
2. A processing method according to claim 1, wherein the light guide plate is composed of a transparent material, and comprises an upper light absorbing portion (201) and a lower light scattering portion (202).
3. A processing method according to claim 2, wherein the light absorbing portion (201) has an inverted trapezoid shape in cross section, and the light scattering portion (202) has a rectangular shape in cross section.
4. The processing method according to claim 2, wherein the light scattering portion (202) is subjected to a substrate doping treatment and/or a laser etching treatment to reduce light transmittance thereof.
5. A treatment method according to claim 2, wherein in the light scattering portion (202), the light permeability of the lower portion is higher than that of the upper portion.
6. The process according to claim 1, wherein,
the aeration holes (302) are arranged towards the light guide plate (2).
7. The process according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the ratio is 1m 3 The aeration volume of the aeration component (3) is 0.02-2m 3 /min。
8. The treatment method according to claim 7, wherein the gas introduced into the ventilation member (3) is one or more selected from the group consisting of air, carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
9. The process according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the total phosphorus content in the phosphorus-containing wastewater is not less than 10mg/L in terms of phosphorus.
10. The process according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the phosphorus element in the phosphorus-containing wastewater is present in the form of phosphoric acid molecules, hydrogen phosphate ions, dihydrogen phosphate ions and/or phosphate ions in a proportion of 1% or more of the total phosphorus element.
11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the pH of the culture solution is 8.0 to 11.0.
12. The process according to claim 11, wherein the pH of the culture broth is adjusted by adding a pH adjustor.
13. The process according to claim 12, wherein the pH adjuster is nitric acid, sodium bicarbonate, and CO 2 One or more of the following.
14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the culture solution further contains other nutrients for providing microalgae growth.
15. The process of claim 14, wherein the other nutrients include one or more of a carbon source, a nitrogen source, an iron source, a magnesium source, and trace elements.
16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the OD of the microalgae in the culture solution 560 When the ratio is 1.5 or more, at least a part of the culture solution is taken out.
17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the culture solution is taken out continuously or intermittently.
18. The method according to claim 16, wherein microalgae are separated from the culture liquid taken out by filtration treatment.
19. The process according to claim 18, wherein,
the filtering treatment mode is one-stage filtering treatment or series filtering treatment with more than two stages.
20. The process according to claim 18, wherein,
the filtering treatment at least comprises ultrafiltration with molecular weight cut-off less than or equal to 100kDa.
21. The process of claim 18, wherein the supernatant obtained from the filtration process is free of microalgae cells and molecules with a molecular weight of >100 kDa.
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