CN113736470B - Method for preparing mining area soil conditioner from wet sludge in alpine and high-altitude areas - Google Patents
Method for preparing mining area soil conditioner from wet sludge in alpine and high-altitude areas Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 241000209219 Hordeum Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical group Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium chloride Substances [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical group [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 23
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009270 solid waste treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 3
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910003439 heavy metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000178870 Lavandula angustifolia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010663 Lavandula angustifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000004658 Medicago sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001102 lavandula vera Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018219 lavender Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009630 liquid culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 244000000010 microbial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a mining area soil conditioner from wet sludge in a high-cold high-altitude area, and belongs to the technical field of organic solid waste treatment and resource utilization. The method comprises the following steps: mixing wet sludge to be treated with a drying product to adjust the water content, then adding a filler and a nitrogen fixation modifier, and carrying out biological drying treatment on the obtained mixture; adding a heavy metal remover and a regulator into part of the dried material, and then carrying out low-oxygen heat treatment for 30-60 min at the temperature of 650-860 ℃; after the heat treatment product is screened, undersize fine particles are mixed with the other part of the dried material. The soil conditioner prepared by the invention has obvious effects on passivating heavy metals, retaining water and moisture, enhancing soil fertility and growing crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of organic solid waste treatment and resource utilization, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a mining area soil conditioner from wet sludge in an alpine and high-altitude area.
Background
With the increasing population and the continuous promotion of urbanization process in China, the living standard of the China is continuously improved, and the sludge production amount is continuously increased. Calculated according to that 10000 tons of sewage generate 5 tons of sludge, the sludge yield in 2017 years in the high-cold high-altitude Lasa area reaches 8.23 multiplied by 104t (water content 80%). Although landfill is a typical mode of sludge treatment, the sludge has high moisture content, occupies reservoir capacity during landfill, and has the problems that a landfill operation area is obviously collapsed, so that the problem of sludge going to the way is effectively solved, and the problem to be solved urgently in a sewage treatment plant.
The compost treatment of sludge for agriculture is one of the treatment and disposal methods. The sludge contains rich components such as nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matters, and can provide a good external environment for soil improvement and plant growth. However, when nutrient substances in the sludge are directly used for agriculture, the plant absorption and utilization rate is low, the sludge may contain harmful substances such as heavy metals, organic pollutants, pathogenic bacteria and the like, potential environmental risks exist, the health and the ecological environment of human beings are influenced, and sludge treatment products specified in China cannot enter a food chain.
The prior patent ZL201710530980.X discloses a method for producing a soil conditioner by using poultry and livestock manure, which comprises the steps of mixing and fermenting bacillus subtilis microbial bacteria and the like to prepare decomposed strains, then mixing the decomposed strains with water, adding chicken manure and pig manure for composting to prepare composite microbial bacteria, uniformly mixing the composite microbial bacteria with leaf mold and green zeolite to prepare soil powder, and then putting the powder into a barrel of water for culturing to prepare the soil conditioner. Patent ZL201710787362.3 discloses a limestone mining area ecological restoration method, which uses lime pit slag as a base material, is supplemented with a small amount of loam, ecological organic fertilizer and the like, and is matched with alfalfa and lavender for planting, so that the purpose of mining area ecological restoration is achieved. Patent ZL202011085270.9 discloses a soil microorganism culture method for improving soil in alpine and high-altitude areas, which comprises the steps of mixing enriched and cultured microorganisms with a liquid culture medium, spraying the mixture into soil in alpine and high-altitude areas, turning the soil over, spraying straw pulp on the surface of the soil, enhancing the soil fertility and promoting the growth of crops.
Generally, the climate conditions in the alpine and high-altitude areas are severe, the ecological environment is fragile, the organic matter content in the soil in the mining area is obviously insufficient, the microbial population structure is single, the microbial quantity is obviously low, and the ecological environment restoration in the mining area is relatively more difficult. The method takes sludge to be treated urgently as a source, adds the special crop straws in the area for mixed composting treatment, improves the performance of the compost product by adding the ferric salt nitrogen fixation agent, the heavy metal remover, the heat treatment regulator and the like, has high humification degree and high nitrogen and phosphorus content of the obtained product, has good solidification effect on potential heavy metals, and can be widely applied to ecological environment restoration in mining areas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a mining area soil conditioner by wet sludge in alpine and high-altitude areas, wherein the wet sludge generated by a sewage treatment plant in the area is pretreated, then a nitrogen fixation modifier is added, and biological drying treatment is carried out after uniform mixing; then adding a part of the dried product into a heavy metal remover and regulator palygorskite mineral powder for low-oxygen heat treatment; the obtained product is screened, and the fine material is mixed with the other part of the original dried product. The prepared soil conditioner meets the standards of 'sludge quality for soil improvement by sludge treatment in urban sewage treatment plants' GB/T24600-.
The object of the invention is achieved by the following steps:
(1) adjusting the moisture content of wet sludge to be treated to 63-68% to obtain a pretreatment material, and mixing the pretreatment material with a filler to prepare a mixture;
(2) adding a nitrogen fixation modifier into the mixture obtained in the step (1), uniformly mixing, and then sending the mixture to a drum-type reactor for biological drying treatment;
(3) adding a heavy metal remover and a heat treatment regulator into part of the dried product obtained in the step (2), and then carrying out low-oxygen heat treatment;
(4) and (4) mixing the heat treatment product obtained in the step (3) with the dried product of the rest part obtained in the step (2), and using the obtained product for repairing and improving the soil of the mining area.
Preferably, the filler in the step (1) is a mixture of ceramsite and highland barley straw, and the mass ratio of the filler to the pretreatment material is 1: (8-20), the light highland barley straws with certain strength are added into the pile body on the basis of the ceramsite, so that the filling effect is better.
Preferably, the length of the highland barley straws is 3-6 cm, and the mass ratio of the highland barley straws to the ceramsite is 1: (1-2).
Preferably, the nitrogen fixation modifier in the step (2) is ferric trichloride, and the mass ratio of the ferric trichloride to the pretreatment material is 1: (30-50); fe3+Can fix ammonium nitrogen to prevent nitrogen loss by combining with organic acid in compost materials; in addition, FeCl3Has polymerization function, can be chelated with humic acid in the compost body to adsorb phosphorus, and improves the quality of compost products.
Preferably, the air exhaust intensity of the biological drying reactor in the step (2) is 0.3-0.9min-1 kg-1The drum reactor takes 6-12 minutes to make one turn.
Preferably, the heat treatment regulator is palygorskite mineral powder, and the mass ratio of the palygorskite mineral powder to the dried product is 1: (15-30); further, the mass ratio of the palygorskite mineral powder to the dried product is 1: (20-24); the addition of the palygorskite powder obviously promotes the adsorption effect of the low-oxygen heat treatment product on heavy metals and enhances the effect of passivating the metals when the palygorskite powder is applied to a mine area.
Preferably, the heavy metal remover in the step (3) is CaCl2、MgCl2Any one or the combination of the two, the mass ratio of the heavy metal remover to the dried product is 1: (70-100); added CaCl2Or MgCl2Decomposing by oxygen to separate out chlorine, and then reacting heavy metal oxide with chlorine: MeO + Cl2=MeCl2+1/2O2With MeCl2And the heavy metal possibly existing in the raw material is removed when the raw material enters a gas phase at high temperature.
Preferably, the low-oxygen heat treatment temperature in the step (3) is 650-860 ℃, the air supply rate is controlled so that the oxygen content in the tail gas is 0.3-1.2%, and the heat treatment time is 30-60 min.
Furthermore, in the step (3), the low-oxygen heat treatment temperature is 750-800 ℃, the heat treatment time is 40-60 min, the gas supply rate is controlled so that the oxygen content in the tail gas is 0.5-1.0%, the curing effect of the heat treatment product on heavy metals is obviously improved, and the phosphorus content is as high as 5-7%.
Preferably, the part of the dried product obtained in the step (3) is 40-50% of the dried product obtained in the step (2).
Preferably, the heat-treated product in step (4) needs to be subjected to screening treatment, the obtained coarse particles are returned to step (1) as a filler, and the rest undersize fine particles are mixed with the rest of the dried product in step (2), wherein the screening treatment is performed by using a vibrating screen with the screen hole diameter of 10 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the wet sludge is subjected to biological drying treatment, so that the pathogenic microorganisms can be effectively killed at high temperature, the moisture can be removed more obviously, the formed humus has obvious effects on the aspects of preserving moisture and soil fertility, and the heavy metal possibly existing in the process of improving the soil in the mining area can be solidified.
2) When the wet sludge is dried, ferric trichloride salt is added as a nitrogen fixing agent, the nitrogen content of the product is high, and the ferric trichloride salt can be chelated with humic acid to adsorb phosphorus, so that the quality of the compost product is improved.
3) Adding a heavy metal remover and a regulator in the low-temperature heat treatment process, converting heavy metal oxides into corresponding chlorides to enter tail gas, and removing a little heavy metal originally existing in the sludge; in addition, the regulator and the sludge form a carbon-containing magnesium, aluminum and silicon compound during low-oxygen heat treatment, and the passivation effect on heavy metals is obvious when the regulator and the sludge are used for restoring and improving the soil in a mining area.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the following specific examples, which are carried out on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and the detailed implementation manner and the specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents.
Example 1
Mixing dewatered sludge (water content of about 81%) and dried sludge (water content of about 22%) in urban sewage plant to prepare pretreatment material with water content of 65%, treating highland barley straw into 4 cm small segments, mixing with ceramsite by mass ratio to form filler, uniformly mixing the obtained filler and pretreatment material by 1/20 mass ratio, adding FeCl according to pretreatment material mass 1/403Then the mixture is sent to a drum-type biological drying device for treatment, the rotating speed of the drum is set to be 7 r/min, and the air extraction intensity of one side of the drying device is 0.3L min-1 kg-1。
After biological drying treatment, a dried product with the water content of 54 percent is obtained, and 50 percent of the dried product is taken to be subjected to low-oxygen heat treatment. Before heat treatment, dryingAdding CaCl into the product2And palygorskite mineral powder, wherein the proportion of the palygorskite mineral powder to the dried material is respectively 1: 80. 1: 20. the mixed material is thermally treated in a reaction furnace at 700 ℃ for 50 min, the oxygen content in the tail gas at the outlet of the reaction furnace is monitored, and the air supply quantity at the inlet is adjusted by the level of 0.8 percent of the oxygen concentration in the tail gas.
And (3) uniformly mixing the heat-treated product with the other 50% of dried product to obtain the prepared soil conditioner, wherein the nitrogen content and the phosphorus content are respectively 2.1% and 5.5%, the lead content and the copper content in each kilogram of material are respectively 400 mg and 800 mg, other heavy metals are low to undetectable levels, and nutrient indexes and pollutant limit values meet the standards of 'sludge for treating sludge in urban sewage treatment plants' GB/T24600 plus 2009 for land improvement.
Example 2
Mixing dewatered sludge (water content of about 82%) and dried sludge (water content of about 21%) in urban sewage plant to prepare pretreatment material with water content of 64%, treating highland barley straw into 3 cm small segments, mixing the segments with ceramsite according to the mass ratio to form filler, uniformly mixing the filler and the pretreatment material according to the mass ratio of 1/12, and adding FeCl according to the mass ratio of 1/35 of the pretreatment material3Then the mixture is sent to a drum-type biological drying device for treatment, the rotation speed of the drum is set to be 12 r/min, and the air exhaust intensity at one side of the drying device is 0.7L min-1 kg-1。
After biological drying treatment, a dried product with the water content of 52 percent is obtained, and the dried product with the water content of 40 percent is taken to be subjected to low-oxygen heat treatment. Before heat treatment, CaCl is added into the dried product2And palygorskite mineral powder, wherein the proportion of the palygorskite mineral powder to the dried material is respectively 1: 90. 1: 15. the mixed material is subjected to heat treatment in a reaction furnace at 800 ℃ for 30 min, and the air supply quantity at the inlet is adjusted according to the level of 0.6 percent of oxygen concentration in tail gas.
And (3) uniformly mixing the heat-treated product with the other 60% of dried product to obtain the prepared soil conditioner, wherein the nitrogen content and the phosphorus content are respectively 2.3% and 5.0%, the lead content and the copper content in each kilogram of material are respectively 360 mg and 730 mg, other heavy metals are low to the undetectable level, and the nutrient index and the pollutant limit value meet the standards of GB/T24600-.
Example 3
Mixing dewatered sludge (water content is about 83%) and dried sludge (water content is about 21%) in urban sewage plant to prepare pretreatment material with water content of 65%, processing highland barley straw into small segments of 5 cm, mixing the small segments with ceramsite according to a mass ratio of 1:2 to form filler, uniformly mixing the obtained filler and the pretreatment material according to a mass ratio of 1/18, and adding FeCl according to a mass ratio of 1/45 of the pretreatment material3Then the mixture is sent to a drum-type biological drying device for treatment, the rotating speed of the drum is set to be 10 r/min, and the air extraction intensity of one side of the drying device is 0.9L min-1 kg-1。
After biological drying treatment, a dried product with the water content of 53 percent is obtained, and the dried product with the water content of 50 percent is taken to be subjected to low-oxygen heat treatment. Before heat treatment, adding a heavy metal remover and palygorskite ore powder into a dried product, wherein the ratio of the heavy metal remover to the palygorskite ore powder to the dried material is 1: 70. 1: 25, wherein the heavy metal remover is CaCl2、MgCl2Mixing the components in equal mass. The mixed material is heat treated in a reaction furnace at 860 ℃ for 30 min, and the air supply at the inlet is adjusted according to the level of 0.4 percent of oxygen concentration in tail gas.
And (3) uniformly mixing the heat-treated product with the other 50% of dried product to obtain the prepared soil conditioner, wherein the nitrogen content and the phosphorus content are respectively 1.9% and 5.5%, the lead content and the copper content in each kilogram of material are respectively 350 mg and 720 mg, other heavy metals cannot be detected, and the nutrient index and the pollutant limit value meet the standards of GB/T24600-.
Example 4
Mixing dewatered sludge (with water content of about 83%) of an urban sewage plant with dried sludge (with water content of about 21%) to prepare a pretreatment material with water content of 64%; processing the highland barley straws into 5 cm small sections, mixing the highland barley straws with ceramsite according to the mass ratio of 1:2 to form a filler, and mixing the filler and the pretreatment material in a ratio of 1: 15, adding FeCl according to the mass of 1/50 of the pretreated material3Then the mixture is sent to a drum-type biological drying device for treatment, the rotating speed of the drum is set to be 10 r/min, and the air extraction intensity at one side of the drying device is 1L min-1 kg-1。
After biological drying treatment, a dried product with the water content of 51% is obtained, and 50% of the dried product is taken to be subjected to low-oxygen heat treatment. Before heat treatment, adding a heavy metal remover and palygorskite mineral powder into a dried product, wherein the ratio of the heavy metal remover to the palygorskite mineral powder to the dried product is 1: 95. 1: 25, wherein the heavy metal remover is CaCl2、MgCl2Mixing the components in equal mass. The mixed material is thermally treated in a reaction furnace at 860 ℃ for 30 min, and the air supply quantity at the inlet is adjusted according to the level of 0.4 percent of oxygen concentration in tail gas.
And (3) passing the heat-treated product through a vibrating screen with 10mm sieve pores, returning the part above the sieve to the pretreatment material as a filler, and uniformly mixing the part below the sieve with the other 50% of dried product to obtain the prepared soil conditioner, wherein the nitrogen content and the phosphorus content are respectively 2.5% and 6%, the lead content and the copper content in each kilogram of the material are respectively 290 mg and 650 mg, other heavy metals cannot be detected, and the nutrient index and the pollutant limit value meet the standards of GB/T24600 plus 2009.
Claims (7)
1. A method for preparing a mining area soil conditioner from wet sludge in a high-cold high-altitude area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adjusting the moisture content of wet sludge to be treated to 63-68% to obtain a pretreatment material, and mixing the pretreatment material with a filler to prepare a mixture;
(2) adding a nitrogen fixation modifier into the mixture obtained in the step (1), uniformly mixing, and then sending the mixture to a drum-type reactor for biological drying treatment; the nitrogen fixation modifier is ferric trichloride salt, and the mass ratio of the nitrogen fixation modifier to the mixture is 1 (30-50);
(3) adding a heavy metal remover and a heat treatment regulator into part of the dried product obtained in the step (2), and then carrying out low-oxygen heat treatment; the low-oxygen heat treatment temperature is 650-860 ℃, the gas supply rate is controlled so that the oxygen content in the tail gas is 0.3-1.2%, and the heat treatment time is 30-60 min; the heavy metal remover is CaCl2、MgCl2Any one or the combination of the two, the mass ratio of the heavy metal remover to the dried product is 1: (70-100);
(4) and (4) mixing the heat treatment product obtained in the step (3) with the dried product of the rest part obtained in the step (2), and using the obtained product for repairing and improving the soil of the mining area.
2. The method for preparing the soil conditioner for the mining area from the wet sludge in the alpine and high-altitude areas according to claim 1, wherein the filler in the step (1) is a mixture of ceramsite and highland barley straws, and the mass ratio of the filler to the pretreatment material is 1: (8-20).
3. The method for preparing the soil conditioner in the mining area from the wet sludge in the alpine and high-altitude areas according to claim 2, wherein the length of the highland barley straws is 3-6 cm, and the mass ratio of the highland barley straws to the ceramsite is 1: (1-2).
4. The method for preparing the soil conditioner of the mining area from the wet sludge in the alpine and high-altitude areas according to claim 1, wherein the air exhaust intensity of the biological drying reactor in the step (2) is 0.3-0.9min-1 kg-1The drum reactor takes 6-12 minutes to make one turn.
5. The method for preparing the mining area soil conditioner from the wet sludge in the alpine and high-altitude areas according to claim 1, wherein the heat treatment regulator is palygorskite mineral powder, and the mass ratio of the palygorskite mineral powder to the dried product is 1: (15-30).
6. The method for preparing the soil conditioner of the mining area from the wet sludge in the alpine and high-altitude areas according to claim 1, wherein the partial drying product obtained in the step (3) is 40-50% of the drying product obtained in the step (2).
7. The method for preparing the soil conditioner in the mining area from the wet sludge in the alpine and high-altitude areas according to claim 1, wherein the heat treatment product in the step (4) needs to be subjected to screening treatment, the obtained coarse particles are returned to the step (1) to be used as a filling agent, and the rest undersize fine particles are mixed with the rest of the dried product in the step (2), and the screening treatment is carried out by using a vibrating screen with the mesh diameter of 10 mm.
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