CN113731423B

CN113731423B - Application of carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst in synthesizing p-aminophenylacetic acid by hydrogenating p-nitrophenylacetic acid

Info

Publication number: CN113731423B
Application number: CN202111015801.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 卢春山; 杨园园; 李小年; 张群峰; 丰枫
Original assignee: Zhejiang University of Technology ZJUT
Current assignee: Zhejiang University of Technology ZJUT
Priority date: 2021-08-31
Filing date: 2021-08-31
Publication date: 2024-04-09
Anticipated expiration: 2041-08-31
Also published as: CN113731423A

Abstract

The invention discloses an application of a carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst in synthesizing p-aminophenylacetic acid by hydrogenating p-nitrophenylacetic acid. The carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst has 100% conversion rate, high selectivity, good stability and long service life in the application of synthesizing the p-aminophenylacetic acid by hydrogenating the p-nitrophenylacetic acid.

Description

Application of carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst in synthesizing p-aminophenylacetic acid by hydrogenating p-nitrophenylacetic acid

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of catalyst preparation technology and application, and relates to application of a carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst in synthesizing p-aminophenylacetic acid by hydrogenating p-nitrophenylacetic acid.

Background

The nickel nano particles have great application value in the fields of catalysis, lithium batteries, sensors and the like. As a catalyst, nano-sized nickel particles have superior catalytic activity to bulk or flake ones, but the advantage thereof is limited by the fact that nano-sized nickel particles are easily agglomerated due to higher surface energy. When exposed to air, the metal nanoparticles are easily oxidized into metal oxides, and the carbon material is coated outside the metal nanoparticles to prevent the metal nanoparticles from being oxidized. The carbon layer coated metal structure not only has the characteristics of no toxicity, high thermal stability and low price, but also has the characteristics of graphene, the internal rich pore channel structure of the carbon layer coated metal structure is adjustable and the surface groups of the carbon layer coated metal structure are easy to modify, and the carbon layer coated metal structure has excellent physical and chemical properties, so that the carbon layer coated metal structure is widely applied to the research and production fields of battery electrode materials, water treatment, catalysis, energy storage and the like.

The p-aminophenylacetic acid is an important chemical intermediate, is widely applied to the production of medicines and organic synthetic raw materials, and can be used for synthesizing antirheumatic drugs (aclitaxel), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (atenolol), cardiovascular and cerebrovascular drugs (aminoacyl-heart-ampere) and the like. Therefore, the preparation research of the para-aminophenylacetic acid has important application value. Aromatic amines are generally produced by reduction of aromatic nitro compounds. The method for reducing the aromatic nitro compound mainly comprises the following steps: (1) catalytic hydrogenation reduction, such as patent CN 109232283A; (2) reducing sodium sulfide; (3) a reduction method of iron powder in an acidic, alkaline and neutral system; (4) hydrazine hydrate is reduced as in patent CN 106083631. However, the above method has a number of disadvantages: the method (1) has the advantages that the prior multifunctional Pd/C catalyst has high manufacturing cost and is not easy to recycle; the method (2) discharges a large amount of sulfur-containing wastewater, which causes serious harm to the ecological environment, and the three wastes treatment investment is larger, so that the method does not accord with the green chemical idea; the method (3) produces a large amount of iron mud, the purity of the product cannot be ensured, the reduction product cannot be directly used for synthesizing medicines, and the catalyst cannot be reused. (4) Hydrazine hydrate has high toxicity and complicated recovery treatment of later-stage waste liquid.

The nickel nanoparticle catalyst provided by the invention has the advantages of high size uniformity and dispersity, high metal utilization rate, simplicity, greenness and high efficiency in the preparation method, and shows high activity, high selectivity and high stability in the reaction of catalyzing the hydrogenation of p-nitrophenylacetic acid to synthesize the p-aminophenylacetic acid.

Disclosure of Invention

The first object of the invention is to provide a preparation method of a carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst.

A second object of the present invention is to provide a carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst.

The third object of the invention is to provide the application of the carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst in synthesizing halogenated aniline through catalytic hydrogenation of halogenated nitrobenzene.

The fourth object of the invention is to provide the application of the carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst in synthesizing the p-aminophenylacetic acid by hydrogenating the p-nitrophenylacetic acid.

The fifth object of the invention is to provide the application of the carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst in synthesizing metaaminobenzenesulfonic acid by hydrogenation of sodium metanitrobenzenesulfonate.

The sixth object of the invention is to provide the application of the carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst in 4 '4-dinitrodiphenyl ether hydrogenation synthesis of 4' 4-diaminodiphenyl ether.

The seventh object of the invention is to provide the application of the carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst in synthesizing 1-aminoanthraquinone by hydrogenating 1-nitroanthraquinone.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

in a first aspect, the invention provides a preparation method of a carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst, wherein the carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst is prepared according to the following steps:

(1) Weighing nickel salt and organic ligand with certain mass, pouring the nickel salt and the organic ligand into an alcohol solvent for dissolution, and stirring for 3-24 hours at 0-50 ℃ to obtain a mixed solution;

(2) Dropwise adding alkali liquor into the mixed solution in batches, and adjusting the pH value of the solution in three stages, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a) Firstly, adjusting the pH value to 4.0-5.5 by using 0.1-5 mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and keeping for 0.5-3 hours; b) Regulating the pH to 6.5-7.5 by using 80-99% triethanolamine water solution, and keeping for 1-5 hours; c) Finally, 25-28% ammonia water is used for regulating the pH value to 8.5-9.5, and the pH value is kept for 1-3 hours; the mixed solution is always in a stirring state in the adjusting process; the step is to adjust pH by stages to complex metal ions with ligands and control the growth of crystals so as to control the morphology of the formed crystals;

(3) Sealing the slurry obtained in the step (2), placing the slurry on a vibration platform for crystallization, precipitation and aging, filtering, washing and vacuum drying to obtain a metal organic frame precursor; wherein the vibration program is set as follows: (1) the vibration frequency is 10-20Hz, and the banner vibrates for 1-5 minutes; (2) the vibration frequency is 20-40Hz, and the banner vibrates for 1-5 minutes; (3) vibration frequency is 40-55Hz, and the banner vibrates for 1-5 minutes; (4) running the programs (1) - (3) as a vibration period; the whole crystallization, precipitation and aging process is 10-20 hours, and the operation is carried out for one vibration period at intervals of 1-2 hours; the step further controls the morphology of the crystal, namely, influences the growth and development of the crystal through a vibration process so as to obtain a spherical precursor with uniform particle size;

(4) Placing the precursor in an agate mortar for crushing and grinding, roasting for 5-24 hours at 300-800 ℃, cooling to room temperature, and grinding to obtain a carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst; the roasting atmosphere is an inert atmosphere or an inert atmosphere containing carbon dioxide or a carbon dioxide atmosphere.

The carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention has the metal content (namely, the metal content in the catalyst accounts for the percentage of the metal feeding amount) of more than 90%.

Further, in the step (1), the nickel salt is at least one of nickel chloride, nickel carbonate, nickel nitrate and nickel acetate, preferably nickel nitrate or nickel acetate. The alcohol solvent is preferably methanol or ethanol, and the volume concentration is more than 95%, preferably absolute ethanol. The organic ligand is at least one of benzoic acid, terephthalic acid, urea, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 4-picolinic acid, 2' -bipyridine, triphenylphosphine, oxalic acid and glycine, and preferably 4-picolinic acid. The molar ratio of nickel in the nickel salt to the organic ligand is 1:1 to 1:8, preferably 1: 2-1: 6, preparing a base material; the mass ratio of nickel in the nickel salt to the alcohol solvent is 1: 50-1: 1000, preferably 1: 100-1: 500.

further, in the step (1), the stirring temperature is 0 to 50 ℃, preferably 20 to 50 ℃; the stirring time is 3 to 24 hours, preferably 6 to 15 hours.

In the step (3), the precipitate is filtered and washed by ethanol after aging, and then is put into a vacuum oven for drying for 2 to 15 hours at the temperature of 50 to 120 ℃ and is taken out.

Further, in the step (4), the roasting temperature is 300-800 ℃, preferably 400-600 ℃; the calcination time is 5 to 24 hours, preferably 5 to 10 hours. The inert atmosphere is nitrogen or argon, the volume fraction of carbon dioxide in the roasting atmosphere is not less than 10%, and most preferably, the roasting atmosphere is carbon dioxide; the total flow rate of the gas is 5-50 mL/min.

In a second aspect, the invention provides a carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst prepared by the method. The catalyst consists of nickel nano particles and a graphene layer completely wrapping the nickel nano particles, wherein the carbon materialThe size distribution range of the coated nickel nano particles is 2-20 nm, and the thickness of the graphene layer isThe number of the corresponding carbon layers is 1-6, and pore channels exist in the carbon layers; the catalyst is further characterized in that the catalyst is prepared by reacting 0.1-5 mol/L H ₂ SO ₄ Or H ₃ PO ₄ The metal loss is less than 1wt percent (namely, the metal loss after washing with sulfuric acid accounts for the percentage of the metal in the catalyst before pickling) after full washing (preferably the washing time is 4-24 h) and drying (the drying temperature is room temperature-80 ℃), and the carbon material coats the nickel nanoparticle catalyst; after the catalyst is fully washed by 0.1 to 5mol/LHCl or HF (preferably washing time is 4 to 24 hours) and dried (drying temperature is room temperature to 80 ℃), the metal content remained in the catalyst is below 20wt% (namely, the metal content in the catalyst after washing accounts for the percentage of the metal feeding amount).

The innovation of the invention is that: the preparation method of the invention effectively controls the precursor appearance on the basis of improving the metal utilization rate (the metal utilization rate can reach 100 percent, namely 100 percent of nickel is coated in the carbon layer), thereby obtaining the catalyst with a specific microstructure (the carbon layer has a specific thickness and the carbon layer has a pore canal with a specific size), and solving the problems that the nickel nano particle size is not small enough and the metal nickel is easy to oxidize when being exposed in the air. More importantly, the specific size of the pore canal formed by the graphene carbon layer has differential mass transfer influence on the organic reactant and hydrogen molecules, so that hydrogen can be allowed to enter, but substrate macromolecules are intercepted due to large volume, hydrogen cannot be excessive relative to the substrate, excessive hydrogenation cannot occur, side reaction is caused, and the selectivity of the catalyst is effectively improved.

In a third aspect, the invention provides an application of the carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst in synthesizing halogenated aniline shown in a formula II by catalytic hydrogenation of halogenated nitrobenzene shown in a formula I, wherein a dehalogenation inhibitor is not required to be added in the application;

in the formula I or II, R _n Represents n substituents on the benzene ring, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, each substituent R is independently a C1-C3 alkyl group, X _m Represents m halogen substituents on the benzene ring, m=1 to 5, each halogen substituent being independent of the others; m+n is less than or equal to 5.

Further, n=0.

Further, the application process is as follows: putting a nickel nanoparticle catalyst coated with a carbon material and halogenated nitrobenzene into a high-pressure reaction kettle, sealing the reaction kettle, replacing air with nitrogen, replacing nitrogen with hydrogen, heating materials in the kettle, starting stirring, and carrying out liquid-phase catalytic hydrogenation reaction at the temperature of 30-150 ℃ and the pressure of 0.5-5 MPa to obtain halogenated aniline, wherein the liquid-phase catalytic hydrogenation reaction is carried out under the condition of no solvent or in absolute ethyl alcohol, methanol or water.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst to the halogenated nitrobenzene is 1:10 to 50, more preferably 1:20.

preferably, the reaction temperature is 100℃and the hydrogen pressure is 1.0MPa.

Preferably, the stirring rate is 1500-2000r/min, more preferably 1800r/min.

In a fourth aspect, the invention provides an application of the carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst in synthesizing p-aminophenylacetic acid by hydrogenating p-nitrophenylacetic acid.

Further, the application process is as follows: putting a catalyst, p-nitrophenylacetic acid and methanol into a high-pressure reaction kettle, sealing the reaction kettle, replacing air with nitrogen, replacing nitrogen with hydrogen, starting stirring, reacting for a period of time under the conditions of 50-100 ℃ and 0.5-1 MPa of hydrogen pressure, opening the reaction kettle, filtering, and taking filtrate to evaporate 60-80% of methanol solvent; cooling, crystallizing, filtering and drying to obtain a crude product; recrystallizing the crude product with ethanol, and decolorizing with active carbon to obtain light white crystalline para-aminophenylacetic acid.

Preferably, the charging ratio of the p-nitrophenylacetic acid, methanol and carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst is 1g:10-40mL:0.01 to 0.10g, more preferably 1:20mL:0.05g.

Preferably, the stirring rate is 1000-1500r/min, more preferably 1200r/min.

Preferably, the reaction time is 1 to 2 hours.

Preferably, the reaction temperature is 60℃and the hydrogen pressure is 0.6MPa.

In a fifth aspect, the invention provides an application of the carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst in synthesizing metaaminobenzenesulfonic acid by hydrogenation of sodium metanitrobenzenesulfonate.

Further, the application process is as follows:

(1) Adding water into sodium m-nitrobenzenesulfonate, heating and dissolving, adding active carbon, boiling, performing hot filtration, and regulating the pH value of the obtained filtrate to 7.5-8.5 by using sodium hydroxide to obtain a treated sodium m-nitrobenzenesulfonate solution;

(2) Adding the treated m-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium solution and the carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst into an autoclave, sealing the autoclave, replacing air with nitrogen, replacing nitrogen with hydrogen, heating the autoclave, starting stirring, reacting at 50-80 ℃ and hydrogen pressure of 0.5-1.5 MPa until no hydrogen is consumed (namely, the hydrogen pressure does not drop within 10 min), stopping stirring, cooling to room temperature, filtering, regulating the pH value of the obtained filtrate to 1.5-2.5 with sulfuric acid, and precipitating white precipitate to obtain m-aminobenzenesulfonic acid. The product was analyzed by liquid chromatography.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst to the raw material sodium m-nitrobenzenesulfonate is 1:10-50, more preferably 1:50.

Preferably, in step (2), the stirring rate is 800 to 12000r/min, more preferably 1000r/min.

Preferably, in step (2), the reaction temperature is 60℃and the hydrogen pressure is 1.0MPa.

In a sixth aspect, the invention provides an application of the carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst in 4,4 '-dinitrodiphenyl ether hydrogenation synthesis of 4,4' -diaminodiphenyl ether.

Further, the application process is as follows: putting the carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst, 4 '-dinitrodiphenyl ether and DMF into a high-pressure reaction kettle, sealing the reaction kettle, replacing air with nitrogen, replacing nitrogen with hydrogen, heating, starting stirring, reacting under the conditions of 30-80 ℃ and hydrogen pressure of 0.3-0.6 MPa until no hydrogen is absorbed, stopping stirring, and filtering the catalyst after the temperature is reduced to room temperature to obtain the 4,4' -diaminodiphenyl ether.

Preferably, the carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst, 4' -dinitrodiphenyl ether and DMF have the feed rate of 0.1g:1-10g:15-30mL, more preferably 0.1g:5g:20mL.

Preferably, the stirring rate is 500-1200r/min, more preferably 800r/min.

Preferably, the reaction temperature is 50℃and the hydrogen pressure is 0.4MPa.

In a seventh aspect, the invention provides an application of the carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst in synthesizing 1-aminoanthraquinone by hydrogenating 1-nitroanthraquinone;

further, the application process specifically comprises the following steps: putting the carbon material coated nickel nano particles, 1-nitroanthraquinone and absolute ethyl alcohol into a high-pressure reaction kettle, sealing the reaction kettle, replacing air with nitrogen, replacing nitrogen with hydrogen, starting stirring, reacting at 30-90 ℃ under the pressure of 0.5-2 MPa until no hydrogen is absorbed, stopping stirring, cooling to room temperature, and performing aftertreatment on the obtained reaction mixture to obtain the 1-aminoanthraquinone.

Preferably, the carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst, 1-nitroanthraquinone and absolute ethyl alcohol have the feed ratio of 0.1g:1-10g:20-50mL, more preferably 0.1g:4g:40mL.

Preferably, the stirring rate is 500-1500r/min, more preferably 1000r/min.

Preferably, the reaction temperature is 70℃and the hydrogen pressure is 1.0MPa.

Preferably, the post-treatment is as follows: the catalyst is filtered out, the filtrate is put into a three-necked flask, and the mixture is oxidized for 10 to 24 hours in the air by starting stirring.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

(1) The preparation method of the catalyst is simple, green and efficient, easy to operate, mild in condition, low in raw material cost, 100% in metal atom utilization rate and low in production cost.

(2) The nickel nano particles are small, the particle size distribution is uniform, the dispersity is high, the graphene layer is thin, the acid washing is not nickel-removing, and the wrapping efficiency is as high as 100%, so that a uniform and stable catalyst and more reactive sites are obtained, and the catalytic activity is greatly improved; the pore canal of the carbon layer can allow hydrogen to enter, but substrate molecules are intercepted due to large volume, so that differential mass transfer is realized, and the catalytic selectivity is greatly improved.

(3) The catalyst has single metal component and is easy to separate and recycle.

(4) In the application of synthesizing the halogenated aniline by hydrogenating the halogenated nitrobenzene, the conversion rate is high, the selectivity is high, the dechlorination phenomenon is avoided, the stability is good, and the service life is long.

(5) In the application of synthesizing halogenated aniline by hydrogenating 1-nitroanthraquinone, the method has the advantages of high conversion rate, high selectivity, good stability and long service life.

(6) In the application of synthesizing the p-aminophenylacetic acid by hydrogenating the p-nitrophenylacetic acid, the conversion rate is high, the selectivity is high, the stability is good, and the service life is long.

(7) In the application of synthesizing the m-aminobenzenesulfonic acid by hydrogenation, the conversion rate is high, the selectivity is high, the stability is good, and the service life is long.

(8) In the application of 4,4 '-dinitrodiphenyl ether hydrogenation synthesis of 4,4' -diaminodiphenyl ether, the conversion rate is high, the selectivity is high, the stability is good, and the service life is long.

Drawings

Fig. 1, 2 and 3 are SEM images of precursors for three-stage different alkali liquor control according to example 5. The crystal shows growth along a certain direction along with the increase of pH in the process of staged regulation.

Fig. 4 is a TEM image of the carbon material-coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst prepared in example 5. The carbon can be seen in the figureThe nickel nano particles coated by the material are smaller and have high dispersity, and the thickness of the graphene layer is as followsThe graphene layer is 1-4 layers.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing particle size distribution corresponding to a TEM image of the nickel nanoparticle catalyst coated with the carbon material prepared in example 5, wherein the particle size of the nickel nanoparticle coated with the carbon material is concentrated and distributed at about 4.8 nm.

FIG. 6 is a TEM image of a nickel nanoparticle catalyst coated with a carbon material obtained in example 10, in which the carbon layer spacing can be seenIs a typical graphene layer with a thickness of +.>The layer number is 2-5.

FIG. 7 is a TEM image of the nickel nanoparticle catalyst prepared in comparative example 12, in which the number of carbon layers is 6 to 15.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing pore size distribution of a carbon layer of the nickel nanoparticle catalyst prepared in example 9. The catalyst has uniform pore diameter distribution and concentration of about 0.5 nm.

FIG. 9 (a) is an XRD pattern of the nickel nanoparticle catalyst prepared in example 9; (b) Is the XRD pattern of the catalyst after ten times of catalytic hydrogenation reaction. The XRD images before and after the application have no obvious change, which indicates that the catalyst has good stability when being applied to the hydrogenation reaction of halogenated nitrobenzene.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further illustrated by the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example 1

Weighing a certain amount of nickel nitrate hexahydrate and 4-picolinic acid, and dissolving the nickel nitrate hexahydrate and the 4-picolinic acid in a certain amount of absolute ethyl alcohol, wherein the molar ratio of the nickel to the organic ligand is 1:2; the mass ratio of nickel to the alcohol solution is 1:100. After heating and stirring at 25℃for 6 hours, 1.0mol/L hydrogen was added dropwise to the mixtureSodium oxide aqueous solution, adjusting the pH of the solution to 4.0, and keeping for 1 hour; dripping 98% triethanolamine solution, adjusting pH to 6.5, and maintaining for 2 hours; dropwise adding 25-28% ammonia water, adjusting the pH to 8.5, and keeping for 2 hours. The obtained slurry is placed on a vibration table after being sealed, and the vibration program is set as follows: 1) Vibration frequency is 10Hz, and the banner vibrates for 2 minutes; 2) Vibration frequency is 30Hz, and the banner vibrates for 5 minutes; 3) Vibration frequency is 40Hz, and the banner vibrates for 1 minute; 4) Running the programs 1) -3) for one vibration period; the entire crystallization, precipitation and aging process was 12 hours, during which the shaking period was set to be performed once at 1 hour intervals. And (3) filtering and washing the precipitate with ethanol after ageing, drying the precipitate in a vacuum oven at 85 ℃ for 10 hours, and taking out the precipitate to obtain the nickel nanoparticle catalyst precursor. And (3) placing the precursor in an agate mortar for crushing and grinding, roasting for 10 hours at 400 ℃ in a carbon dioxide atmosphere with the flow rate of 10mL/min, cooling to room temperature, and grinding to obtain the carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst. In the catalyst, the size distribution range of the nickel nano particles is 4-6 nm, and the thickness of the graphene layer isThe number of the carbon layers is 1-3, pore channels exist in the carbon layers, and the pore size is 0-1 nm. The amount of metal retained in the catalyst was 95wt% based on the amount of metal charged. The catalyst was purified by passing 0.5mol H ₂ SO ₄ After washing for 5h and drying at 50 ℃, the metal loss is measured to be 0.5wt%; the catalyst was washed with 0.5mol/LHCl for 5h and dried at 50℃to leave a metal content of 20% by weight of the metal charge.

The specific parameters of the catalysts prepared according to the preparation procedure of example 1 in examples 2 to 15 are shown in Table 1.

Comparative example 1

Based on the preparation process and parameters of example 1, the pH was adjusted to 7.0 directly with 98% triethanolamine solution without stepwise adjustment, and the rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1. The amount of metal retained in the catalyst was 30% by weight based on the amount of metal charged, by 0.5mol/LH ₂ SO ₄ After washing for 5h and drying at 50 ℃, the amount of metal retained in the catalyst was determined to be 8wt%.

Comparative example 2

Based on the preparation process and parameters of example 1, the pH was adjusted to 10.0 directly with ammonia without stepwise adjustment, and the rest of the steps were the same as in example 1. With the continuous addition of ammonia, the precipitate dissolves gradually until the precipitate completely disappears, since nickel dissolves in the solvent as complex ions. Therefore, the pH was directly adjusted with ammonia water, and the precipitate could not be completely precipitated.

Comparative example 3

Based on the preparation process and parameters of example 1, pH was adjusted to 9.0 directly with sodium hydroxide solution without stepwise adjustment, and the rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1, resulting in nickel hydroxide precipitation. The amount of metal retained in the catalyst was 56% by weight based on the amount of metal charged, by 0.5mol/LH ₂ SO ₄ After washing for 5h and drying at 50 ℃, the amount of metal retained in the catalyst was 8wt%.

Comparative example 4

Based on the preparation process and parameters of example 1, stepwise adjustment was used in adjusting the pH, but only the second and third steps were used, and the rest of the steps were the same as in example 1. The amount of metal retained in the catalyst was 33% by weight based on the amount of metal charged, via 0.5mol/LH ₂ SO ₄ After washing for 5h and drying at 50 ℃, the amount of metal retained in the catalyst was 15wt%.

Comparative example 5

Based on the preparation process and parameters of example 1, stepwise adjustment was used in adjusting the pH, but only the first and third steps were used, and the rest of the steps were the same as in example 1. The amount of metal retained in the catalyst was 52% by weight based on the amount of metal charged, via 0.5mol/LH ₂ SO ₄ After washing for 5h and drying at 50 ℃, the amount of metal retained in the catalyst was 11wt%.

Comparative example 6

Based on the preparation process and parameters of example 1, stepwise adjustment was used in adjusting the pH, but only the first and second steps were used, and the rest of the steps were the same as in example 1. The amount of metal retained in the catalyst was 60% by weight based on the amount of metal charged, by 0.5mol/LH ₂ SO ₄ Washing for 5h, drying at 50 ℃, and adding into the catalystThe amount of metal retained was 13wt%.

Comparative example 7

Based on the preparation process and parameters of example 1, the pH was adjusted stepwise, but 1mol/L sodium carbonate was used in the first step, 1mol/L sodium bicarbonate was used in the second step, 1mol/L sodium hydroxide was used in the third step, and the rest was the same as in example 1. The amount of metal retained in the catalyst was 37% by weight based on the amount of metal charged, by 0.5mol/LH ₂ SO ₄ After washing for 5h and drying at 50 ℃, the amount of metal retained in the catalyst was 5wt%.

Comparative example 8

Based on the preparation process and parameters of example 1, the shaking procedure was set as follows: 1) And 2), i.e., 1) and 2) are one shaking period, and the rest of the procedure is the same as in example 1. The amount of metal retained in the catalyst was 64% by weight based on the amount of metal charged, via 0.5mol/LH ₂ SO ₄ After washing for 5h and drying at 50 ℃, the amount of metal retained in the catalyst was 25wt%.

Comparative example 9

Based on the preparation process and parameters of example 1, the shaking procedure was set as follows: 1) And 3), i.e., 1) and 3) are one shaking period, and the rest of the procedure is the same as in example 1. The amount of metal retained in the catalyst was 71% by weight based on the amount of metal charged, via 0.5mol/LH ₃ PO ₄ After washing for 5h and drying at 50 ℃, the amount of metal retained in the catalyst was 30wt%.

Comparative example 10

Based on the preparation process and parameters of example 1, the shaking procedure was set as follows: 2) And 3), i.e., 2) and 3) are one shaking period, and the rest of the procedure is the same as in example 1. The amount of metal retained in the catalyst was 69wt% based on the amount of metal charged, via 0.5mol/LH ₃ PO ₄ After washing for 5h and drying at 50 ℃, the amount of metal retained in the catalyst was 26wt%.

Comparative example 11

Based on the preparation process and parameters of example 1, no shaking procedure was employed, and the rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1. The amount of metal retained in the catalyst was 20% by weight, based on the amount of metal charged, by 0.5mol/L H ₂ SO ₄ Washing for 5h, drying at 50 deg.C, and acceleratingThe amount of metal retained in the catalyst was 4wt%.

Comparative example 12

In the case of firing, a closed environment was used, and no gas was flowed, and the procedure was the same as in example 1. The carbon layer number of the graphene catalyst is 6-15. The amount of metal retained in the catalyst was 89wt% based on the amount of metal charged, and after washing with 0.5mol/LHCl for 5 hours and drying at 50℃the amount of metal retained in the catalyst was 67wt%.

Comparative example 13

The procedure of example 1 was followed except that air was used during calcination. The carbon material is burned completely, and a core-shell structure is not formed, and the carbon material is in micron-millimeter level particles.

Comparative example 14

The procedure of example 1 was followed except that inert gas Ar was used in the calcination at a flow rate of 100 ml/min. In the catalyst, the number of carbon layers of the grapheme is 1-2, the carbon layers are more porous, and the pore size is larger. The amount of metal retained in the catalyst was 65% by weight based on the amount of metal charged, by 0.5mol/LH ₃ PO ₄ After washing for 5h and drying at 50 ℃, the amount of metal retained in the catalyst was 15wt%.

Comparative example 15

The precursor was crushed and ground in an agate mortar, and then calcined at 200℃for 16 hours in an inert atmosphere Ar, with the remainder being the same as in example 1. In the catalyst, nickel particles are unevenly distributed, a grapheme carbon layer is not formed, and amorphous carbon is arranged around the grapheme carbon layer. The amount of metal retained in the catalyst is 29wt% or less based on the amount of metal charged, and is 0.5mol/L H ₃ PO ₄ After washing for 5h and drying at 50 ℃, the amount of metal retained in the catalyst was 10wt%.

Comparative example 16

The precursor was crushed and ground in an agate mortar, and then calcined at 900 ℃ for 10 hours in an inert atmosphere Ar, with the remainder being the same as in example 1. In the catalyst, the size distribution range of nickel nano particles is 20-30 nm, the number of carbon layers of the grapheme is 1-2, and the pore size of the carbon layer is larger. The amount of metal retained in the catalyst was 73wt% based on the amount of metal charged, via 0.5mol/L H ₃ PO ₄ After washing for 5h and drying at 50 ℃, the amount of metal retained in the catalyst was 18wt%.

Table 1 catalyst preparation parameters from example 1 to example 15

Table 2 characteristic parameters of the catalysts prepared in examples 1 to 15

Example 16

Example 16 the performance of the different nickel nanoparticle catalysts prepared in examples 1-15 and comparative examples 1-16 in a catalytic hydrogenation reaction to synthesize haloanilines was examined.

In a 50ml stainless steel reaction kettle, 25ml of methanol, 1.0g of p-chloronitrobenzene and 0.05g of carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst prepared in different examples or comparative examples are added, the reaction kettle is closed, air in the reaction kettle is replaced by hydrogen for 10 times, the temperature is raised to 100 ℃, the hydrogen pressure is 1.0MPa, stirring is started, the stirring speed is 1800r/min, and the reaction is carried out for 40min. Stopping the reaction, taking the supernatant of the reaction liquid after the temperature is reduced to room temperature, filtering the catalyst, and analyzing the filtrate by using gas chromatography. The experimental results are shown in table 3:

table 3 performance of different carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalysts in catalytic hydrogenation synthesis of haloanilines

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Example 17

Example 17 the reactivity of the carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst prepared in example 2 to different halonitrobenzene hydrogenation processes to produce haloanilines was examined.

In a 50ml stainless steel reaction kettle, 25ml of methanol, 1.0g of different halogenated nitrobenzene and 0.05g of the carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst prepared in the example 2 are added, the reaction kettle is closed, air in the reaction kettle is replaced by hydrogen for 10 times, the temperature is raised to 100 ℃, the hydrogen pressure is 1.0MPa, stirring is started, the stirring speed is 1800r/min, and the reaction is carried out for 1h. Stopping the reaction, taking the supernatant of the reaction liquid after the temperature is reduced to room temperature, filtering the catalyst, and analyzing the filtrate by using gas chromatography. The experimental results are shown in table 4:

table 4 reactivity of carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalysts for hydrogenation of different halonitrobenzene to haloanilines

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Example 18

Example 18 the performance of the carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst prepared in example 5 was examined for its use in the preparation of p-chloroaniline by hydrogenation of p-chloronitrobenzene in example 16. The experimental results are shown in table 5:

TABLE 5 stability of Nickel nanoparticle catalysts in the preparation of para-chloroaniline by hydrogenation of para-chloronitrobenzene

Number of times of application	Conversion rate	Selectivity of
			1	100	99.71
2	100	99.59
			3	100	99.67
4	100	99.74
			5	100	99.93
6	100	99.85
			7	100	99.68
8	100	99.59
			9	100	99.84
10	100	99.62

Example 19

Example 19 the performance of the different nickel nanoparticle catalysts prepared in examples 1-15 and comparative examples 1-16 in the catalytic hydrogenation synthesis of para-aminophenylacetic acid was examined.

Adding 20ml of methanol, 1.0g of p-nitrophenylacetic acid and 0.05g of carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst prepared in different examples or comparative examples into a 50ml stainless steel reaction kettle, closing the reaction kettle, replacing air in the reaction kettle with hydrogen and nitrogen for 5 times, replacing nitrogen with hydrogen for 10 times, raising the temperature to 60 ℃, and starting stirring at a stirring rate of 1200r/min under a hydrogen pressure of 0.6MPa, and reacting for 60min. Stopping the reaction, filtering after the temperature is reduced to room temperature, taking filtrate to evaporate 60-80% of methanol, cooling, crystallizing, filtering and drying to obtain a crude product; recrystallizing the crude product with ethanol, and decolorizing with active carbon to obtain light white crystalline para-aminophenylacetic acid. The experimental results are shown in table 6:

table 6 performance of different carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalysts in catalytic hydrogenation synthesis of para-aminophenylacetic acid

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Example 20

Example 20 the performance of the carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst prepared in example 1 was examined in the case of the hydrogenation of p-nitrophenylacetic acid of example 19 to p-aminophenylacetic acid. The results are shown in Table 7.

TABLE 7 stability of Nickel nanoparticle catalysts in the preparation of para-aminophenylacetic acid by hydrogenation of para-nitrophenylacetic acid

Number of times of application	Conversion rate	Selectivity of
			1	100	99.89
2	100	99.46
			3	100	99.59
4	100	99.67
			5	100	99.97
6	100	99.61
			7	100	99.84
8	100	99.82
			9	100	99.79
10	100	99.63

Example 21

Example 21 the performance of the different nickel nanoparticle catalysts prepared in examples 1-15 and comparative examples 1-16 in the catalytic hydrogenation synthesis of metanilic acid was examined.

To 5g of sodium m-nitrobenzenesulfonate, 20mL of water was added, and the mixture was heated to dissolve, and then 0.5g of activated carbon was added to boil the mixture, followed by hot filtration, and the pH of the filtrate was adjusted to about 8 with 20% sodium hydroxide. Adding the treated m-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium solution and 0.1g of carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst into a 50ml stainless steel reaction kettle, closing the reaction kettle, replacing air in the reaction kettle with nitrogen for 5 times, replacing nitrogen with hydrogen for 5 times, heating to 60 ℃, heating to 1.0MPa, starting stirring at a stirring rate of 1000r/min, and absorbing hydrogen for 45min. After the temperature is reduced to room temperature, filtering, regulating the pH value of the obtained filtrate to 2 by using 20% sulfuric acid, precipitating white precipitate to obtain metaaminobenzenesulfonic acid, and analyzing by using liquid chromatography. The experimental results are shown in table 8:

table 8 Performance of different carbon material coated Nickel nanoparticle catalysts in the catalytic hydrogenation Synthesis of metaaminobenzenesulfonic acid

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Example 22

Example 22 the performance of the carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst prepared in example 2 was examined in the case of the hydrogenation of metanitrobenzenesulfonic acid to metaaminobenzenesulfonic acid in example 21. The results are shown in Table 9.

Table 9 stability of catalyst in the hydrogenation of m-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid to m-aminobenzenesulfonic acid

Number of times of application	Conversion rate	Selectivity of
			1	100	99.63
2	100	99.54
			3	100	99.49
4	100	99.52
			5	100	99.67
6	100	99.71
			7	100	99.76
8	100	99.82
			9	100	99.69
10	100	99.80

Example 23

Example 23 the performance of the different nickel nanoparticle catalysts prepared in examples 1-15 and comparative examples 1-16 in a catalytic hydrogenation synthesis of 4,4' -diaminodiphenyl ether was examined.

20ml of DMF,5g of 4,4' -dinitrodiphenyl ether and 0.1g of the carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst prepared in different examples or comparative examples are added into a 50ml stainless steel reaction kettle, the reaction kettle is closed, air in the reaction kettle is replaced by nitrogen for 3 times, and after replacing the nitrogen by hydrogen for 5 times, the temperature is raised to 50 ℃, the hydrogen pressure is 0.4MPa, stirring is started, the stirring speed is 800r/min, and the reaction is carried out for 30min. The reaction was stopped, after the temperature had cooled to room temperature, the catalyst was removed by filtration and the product was analyzed by liquid chromatography. The experimental results are shown in table 10:

table 10 performance of different catalysts in catalytic hydrogenation to 4,4' -diaminodiphenyl ether

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Example 24

Example 24 the performance of the carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst prepared in example 8 in the hydrogenation of 4,4 '-dinitrodiphenyl ether to 4,4' -diaminodiphenyl ether in example 23 was examined. The results are shown in Table 11.

Table 11 stability of catalyst in the hydrogenation of 4,4 '-dinitrodiphenyl ether to 4,4' -diaminodiphenyl ether

Number of times of application	Conversion rate	Selectivity of
			1	100	99.69
2	100	99.38
			3	100	99.91
4	100	99.57
			5	100	99.53
6	100	99.64
			7	100	99.72
8	100	99.83
			9	100	99.80
10	100	99.78

Example 25

Example 25 the performance of the different nickel nanoparticle catalysts prepared in examples 1-15 and comparative examples 1-16 in a catalytic hydrogenation synthesis of 1-aminoanthraquinone was examined.

In a 50mL stainless steel reaction kettle, 20mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, 2g of 1-nitroanthraquinone and 0.05g of carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst prepared in different examples or comparative examples are added, the reaction kettle is closed, air in the reaction kettle is replaced by hydrogen for 5 times, and after 3 times of nitrogen is replaced by hydrogen, the temperature is raised to 70 ℃, the hydrogen pressure is 1.0MPa, stirring is started, the stirring speed is 1000r/min, and the reaction is carried out for 50min. Stopping the reaction, taking the supernatant of the reaction liquid after the temperature is reduced to room temperature, filtering the catalyst, and taking the supernatant for gas chromatography analysis. The experimental results are shown in table 12:

table 12 performance of different carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalysts in catalytic hydrogenation synthesis of 1-aminoanthraquinone

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Example 26

Example 26 the performance of the carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst prepared in example 9 was examined in the case of the hydrogenation of 1-nitroanthraquinone to 1-aminoanthraquinone of example 25. The results are shown in Table 13.

TABLE 13 stability of catalyst in 1-aminoanthraquinone hydrogenation to 1-aminoanthraquinone

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Claims

1. The application of the carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst in synthesizing p-aminophenylacetic acid by hydrogenating p-nitrophenylacetic acid is characterized in that: the carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst is prepared according to the following steps:

(2) Dropwise adding alkali liquor into the mixed solution in batches, and adjusting the pH value of the solution in three stages, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a) Firstly, adjusting the pH value to 4.0-5.5 by using 0.1-5 mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and keeping for 0.5-3 hours; b) Regulating the pH to 6.5-7.5 by using 80-99% triethanolamine water solution, and keeping for 1-5 hours; c) Finally, 25-28% ammonia water is used for regulating the pH value to 8.5-9.5, and the pH value is kept for 1-3 hours; the mixed solution is always in a stirring state in the adjusting process;

(3) Sealing the slurry obtained in the step (2), placing the slurry on a vibration platform for crystallization, precipitation and aging, filtering, washing and vacuum drying to obtain a metal organic frame precursor; wherein the vibration program is set as follows: (1) the vibration frequency is 10-20Hz, and the banner vibrates for 1-5 minutes; (2) the vibration frequency is 20-40Hz, and the banner vibrates for 1-5 minutes; (3) vibration frequency is 40-55Hz, and the banner vibrates for 1-5 minutes; (4) running the programs (1) - (3) as a vibration period; the whole crystallization, precipitation and aging process is 10-20 hours, and the operation is carried out for one vibration period at intervals of 1-2 hours;

(4) Placing the precursor in an agate mortar for crushing and grinding, roasting for 5-24 hours at 300-800 ℃, cooling to room temperature, and grinding to obtain a carbon material coated nickel nanoparticle catalyst; the roasting atmosphere is inert atmosphere or mixed atmosphere of carbon dioxide and inert gas or carbon dioxide atmosphere.

2. The use according to claim 1, wherein: the application process comprises the following steps: putting a nickel nanoparticle catalyst coated by a carbon material, p-nitrophenylacetic acid and methanol into a high-pressure reaction kettle, sealing the reaction kettle, replacing air with nitrogen, replacing nitrogen with hydrogen, starting stirring, reacting for a period of time under the conditions of 50-100 ℃ and 0.5-1 MPa of hydrogen pressure, opening the reaction kettle, filtering, taking filtrate to evaporate 60-80% of methanol solvent, cooling, crystallizing, filtering, and drying to obtain a crude product; recrystallizing the crude product with ethanol, and decolorizing with active carbon to obtain light white crystalline para-aminophenylacetic acid.

3. The use according to claim 2, wherein: the feeding ratio of the nickel nanoparticle catalyst coated with the p-nitrophenylacetic acid, methanol and carbon material is 1g:10-40mL: 0.01-0.10 g.

4. A use according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: in the step (1), the nickel salt adopts at least one of nickel chloride, nickel carbonate, nickel nitrate and nickel acetate; the volume concentration of the alcohol solvent methanol or absolute ethanol is more than 95%; the organic ligand is at least one of benzoic acid, terephthalic acid, urea, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 4-picolinic acid, 2' -bipyridine, triphenylphosphine, oxalic acid and glycine.

5. A use according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: in the step (1), the molar ratio of nickel in the nickel salt to the organic ligand is 1:1 to 1:8, 8; the mass ratio of nickel in the nickel salt to the alcohol solvent is 1: 50-1: 1000.

6. the use according to claim 5, wherein: in the step (1), the molar ratio of nickel in the nickel salt to the organic ligand is 1: 2-1: 6.

7. the use according to claim 5, wherein: in the step (1), the mass ratio of nickel in the nickel salt to the alcohol solvent is 1: 100-1: 500.

8. a use according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: in the step (1), the stirring temperature is 20-50 ℃; the stirring time is 6-15 hours.

9. A use according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: in the step (3), the precipitate is filtered and washed by ethanol after aging, and is put into a vacuum oven for drying for 2 to 15 hours at the temperature of 50 to 120 ℃ and then is taken out.

10. A use according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: in the step (4), the roasting temperature is 400-600 ℃; the roasting time is 5-10 hours.

11. A use according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: in the step (4), the inert atmosphere is nitrogen or argon, the volume fraction of carbon dioxide in the roasting atmosphere is not less than 10%, and the total gas flow rate is 5-50 mL/min.

12. The use according to claim 11, wherein: in the step (4), the roasting atmosphere is a carbon dioxide atmosphere.