CN1137309A - 卸压阀 - Google Patents
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- CN1137309A CN1137309A CN94194440A CN94194440A CN1137309A CN 1137309 A CN1137309 A CN 1137309A CN 94194440 A CN94194440 A CN 94194440A CN 94194440 A CN94194440 A CN 94194440A CN 1137309 A CN1137309 A CN 1137309A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K15/00—Check valves
- F16K15/02—Check valves with guided rigid valve members
- F16K15/03—Check valves with guided rigid valve members with a hinged closure member or with a pivoted closure member
- F16K15/033—Check valves with guided rigid valve members with a hinged closure member or with a pivoted closure member spring-loaded
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K17/00—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
- F16K17/02—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side
- F16K17/04—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side spring-loaded
- F16K17/0446—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side spring-loaded with an obturating member having at least a component of their opening and closing motion not perpendicular to the closing faces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K17/00—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
- F16K17/36—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves actuated in consequence of extraneous circumstances, e.g. shock, change of position
- F16K17/38—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves actuated in consequence of extraneous circumstances, e.g. shock, change of position of excessive temperature
- F16K17/386—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves actuated in consequence of extraneous circumstances, e.g. shock, change of position of excessive temperature the closure members being rotatable or pivoting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
- Y10T137/7837—Direct response valves [i.e., check valve type]
- Y10T137/7866—Plural seating
- Y10T137/7867—Sequential
- Y10T137/7868—Resilient gasket
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
- Y10T137/7837—Direct response valves [i.e., check valve type]
- Y10T137/7898—Pivoted valves
- Y10T137/7901—Valve head movably connected for accommodation to seat
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Abstract
一种用于压力流体的容器,如运输易挥发液体的铁路罐装车的卸压阀具有一个挡板阀(16),该挡板阀可以在阀通道内、在座落在阀座(18)上并堵住通道的关闭位置和通道完全不受阻碍的开启位置之间的转动,用于使阀克服有关压力而关闭弹簧装置(52)包括安装在外面的弹簧系统,该弹簧系统当暴露在可能消弱容器壁强度的火焰条件下时,会丧失弹簧特性,从而减小阀的关闭压力。挡板阀由球形接头(19)通过一个臂支承,可作有限度的绕枢轴转动运动,阀座利用O形圈(20)安放在阀通道中,使阀座在其本身平面内可作有限度的浮动。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及用于盛有压力流体的容器的卸压阀。
技术的回顾
在1989年8月15日公布的美国专利4,856,547号中,发表了一个用于盛有压力流体的容器的紧急卸压阀,它包括一个阀体、阀座、挡板阀、支承挡板阀的轴和弹簧装置;阀体构成一个通过该阀体从与容器内部连通的第一端通向与周围大气连通的第二端的通道,阀座包围着该通道,支承挡板阀的轴围绕与上述通道纵向轴线垂直的轴线、在关闭通道并与阀座维持紧密接触的第一位置和在阀体内部、不会妨碍通道的第二位置之间转动,弹簧装置在轴和阀体之间动作,当在通道的第一和第二端之间的压力差小于预先设定的数值时,弹簧装置以足以使挡板阀保持在所述第一位置的力矩,将挡板阀推入所述第一位置;弹簧装置包括暴露在装有阀的容器热环境中的弹簧,该弹簧当由暴露在热环境中时会丧失其弹簧特性的材料制成,这种热环境会使压力容器的壁的强度降低,从而,在该弹簧暴露在这种热环境中之后,大大减小了由所述弹簧装置加在阀上的总的关闭力矩。
最好,弹簧装置包括平行作用在所述挡板阀上的多个弹簧,它包括第一个弹簧和至少一个另外的弹簧,第一个弹簧是暴露在容器热环境中的弹簧,而另外的弹簧受到保护,不受容器热环境的侵害,从而在所述第一个弹簧丧失其弹簧特性后,另外的弹簧可以保持作用在所述挡板阀上的预先设定的最小关闭力矩。
试验表明,这种阀的功能是满意的,但在制造过程中要保证阀芯和阀座满意的配合比较困难,并且在安装过程和使用中,以及在阀的整个工作温度范围内要保持阀芯与阀座的这种配合也比较困难。
发明梗概
本发明的目的就是针对这个问题。
通过将挡板阀作成两个单独的零件,即阀片及其支承臂,并将两个零件用万向接头连接起来,防止两个零件之间出现有限的游隙,这样使取得和保持阀芯与阀体之间的精确配合就不是那么至关重要了。阀座通过O形圈放置在尺寸稍大的圆柱形孔中,O形圈不仅是围绕阀座的气体密封,而且允许阀座在其位置处作微小的浮动,这样,可以进一步改善阀芯与阀座的配合。
本发明的其他特点从下面对优选实施例的说明中将会清楚。
附图的简要说明
图中:
图1表示根据本发明的卸压阀的平面图,它处于关闭状态下,并部分剖开,以显示某些内部零件;
图2表示在关闭状态下的卸压阀的垂直径向截面,但虚线表示当卸压阀部分打开时,挡板阀所处的位置和某些相关的零件。
优选实施例说明
附图所示的阀是对4,856,547号美国专利的改进,但其在许多方面与那个阀是相似的。
参见附图,卸压阀具有阀体2,它通过螺钉6固定在一个法兰4上,而附着在装盛有压力流体的容器的外壁的一个孔上,这种容器典型的为运送液化石油气或其他易挥发的易燃的和/或有毒液体的罐装车。为了在阀和罐壁之间得到良好的密封,法兰4的一个部分10进入容器的孔中,法兰4由螺钉、通过孔12固定在容器壁上,在壁和法兰4之间的槽14中可设有密封。
阀体和法兰构一个纵向通道,该通道在正常情况下被挡板阀16关闭,挡板阀16具有截锥形阀表面27,截锥形阀表面27与一个阀座18上的与之互补的截锥形阀表面29接合,阀座18由阀体2固定在法兰4的孔8内。O形圈20环绕阀座18的外圆周,阀座18的直径比孔8略小一些(例如,对于大约为10厘米的O形圈,阀座外径减小约1毫米),这样,O形圈的阻力允许阀座18在其自身所在平面内作微小浮动。
利用放在阀座槽中、在阀16的周边下面的O形圈22可以保证阀16和阀座18之间不漏气的密封,但是,结构是这样设计的,即甚至在没有O形圈的情况下,通过阀表面27和29的配对接合,阀16也可以得到实质上的密封。挡板阀16由在轴28上的臂26支承,轴28与阀体的纵向通道的纵向轴线及其一个侧面垂直。为了使阀16的表面27与阀座18中的表面29精确地对中,阀16设有一个带有球头19的轴向接头17,轴向接头17伸入臂26上的一个孔21中,这个孔21具有容纳头部19的半球形端部,销子23将头部19保持在孔中。这样,在臂26和阀16之间形成一个万向接头,该万向接头允许阀16作微小的绕枢轴转动运动,因此阀16能适应阀座18的微小的不对中情况。
轴28由轴承30的轴瓦支承在垂直槽32的两侧,当挡板阀16打开时,垂直槽32包容着臂26,并且该槽32形成在靠着阀体2和用螺钉35固定在法兰4上的支承块34中。支承块34使在阀座18上面的阀通道部分变成扁圆形,这样,当挡板阀16从阀座18向上完全打开、并靠着支承块34时,这一部分通道的横截面积基本上为常数。
轴28的轴承30放置在支承块34的孔36的内部两端上。螺旋形扭转弹簧70安装在孔36内,并与轴28同轴,弹簧70的一端固定在轴28上,而另一固定在阀体2上,弹簧70受到预先加载,以便将预先设定的关闭力矩加到挡板阀16上,使挡板阀16克服容器内容物的压力,保持与阀座18的密封接合。当阀16打开时,弹簧70保持作用在阀16上的关闭力矩。固定在轴28两端上的手柄臂42,用于控制轴28和弹簧70的位置。
当阀关闭时,每一个手柄臂42都处于垂直位置,手柄臂42在其远端作有纵向槽44,设有槽48的滑动横轴46放在纵向槽44内,槽48与两个同心的拉力弹簧50和52的最后一圈连接。可相对于阀体16作绕枢轴转动运动的另一臂54由轴28平行、穿过在支承块34的相反一侧上的法兰4的一个部分58的枢轴销56支承着。利用作用在部分58之上的阀体壁上的调整螺钉62,可以保持这个臂54寸于阀体垂直轴线的最小倾斜度。在臂54的远端的横杆64的每一末端形成有槽66和固定凸台68,槽66与弹簧50和52的相反一端的最后一圈连接。臂42和槽66相对于阀体16,在横向是偏置的,因此,弹簧50和52被支承着,与阀体不接触。
在使用中,调整螺钉62被这样调整,即阀16中的弹簧50、52和70所产生的关闭力之和,使得除非容器内的压力超过预先设定的数值,例如1750千帕,否则阀不会开始打开。典型的情况是,这个关闭力的大部分是由弹簧50和52产生的,余额才由弹簧70提供。当容器内的压力继续升高时,阀进一步打开,弹簧所施加的返回力开始增加。然而,当挡板阀16打开时,臂42大大地偏离其垂直位置,直至横轴46滑向槽44下方为止,这样,臂42的有效杠杆作用减小,随着弹簧和臂之间的夹角减小,这种杠杆作用进一步减小。这个减小的杠杆作用产生这样的效应,即,一旦阀达到一定的开度,阀将运动至全开的位置而使容器内的压力不会进一步增加,这是卸压阀理想的特性,因为在阀没有完全打开时即有多余压力的少量排出,而在紧急情况下,压力还没有完全超过时,阀就可完全打开。当阀打开时,这时阀通道的近似为常数和完全没有障碍的横截面有助于使通过给定尺寸的阀的气体或液体流量达到最大。正常情况下,阀的关闭特性与打开时所述的特性相反。将伸长特性不同的弹簧50和52组合起来,可以进一步控制开启特性。
在极限温度条件下,例如,当容器遭受严重火灾时,弹簧50和52还起另外的作用。任何可能威胁容器壁结构整体性的、席卷容器的火焰,不论它是由于非由容器中的材料燃烧引起的,或是由从容器泄出的物质燃烧引起的,都可能侵害弹簧50和52,尽管弹簧50和52是不与阀体接触地支承着的,并且与阀结构的其余部分有相当大程度的热绝缘性。这样,弹簧将以较小的热惯性响应燃烧热的作用;但在由于容器壁的强度降低,严重威胁到容器整体性的燃烧条件下,可能达到这样的温度,即材料经过适当选择的弹簧将丧失某些或全部弹簧特性。结果,加在阀上的关闭力降低,因此,阀的有效开启压力也降低,从而使容器卸压,使压力降至即使容器壁面强度受到热损害,也能安全地承受的范围。但是,弹簧70密闭在靠近通道15的阀体内,弹簧在阀体内受到保护,不直接暴露在热的作用下,并且由通过通道15的气体或液体冷却。假设构成该弹簧的钢为正常等级的钢,则该弹簧70甚至在火灾条件下,至少在容器中保留有压力流体的时间内,仍保持其弹簧特性,并且当不再需要无限制的卸压以使容器的内部压力保持在安全水平的情况下,可以重新关闭阀。这时,尽管有通过阀的流体的冷却作用,假如阀座的温度升高超过O形圈材料的分解或熔化点,则O形圈20,22可能会被烧掉,但是,通过阀、阀座、阀体和法兰之间的金属与金属接触,仍可得到相当程度的密封。考虑到要装入的流体的特性,次级弹簧所加的关闭压力应很好地选择,使得在某些适当升高的温度下,该关闭压力至少等于流体的蒸汽压力,这样,当容器中的剩余流体的温度降至那个温度以下时,阀可以重新关闭。通过使用不同成份和特性的弹簧50、52,例如这样安排,使弹簧52在比弹簧50所适应的温度高得多的温度下仍保持其特性,可以在暴露在火中之后,进一步控制其关闭特性,因此可以获得能与阀的热暴露程度更好地适应的关闭力。
安装好的阀可用金属或塑料盖保护或屏蔽,以避免外界杂物进入阀机构中,并可防止第三者擅自对决定阀的起始开启压力的调整螺钉62进行调节。这种盖应该设计成:当阀打开时,能被拿掉或打开,而在出现包围容器的严重火灾的情况下,不保护弹簧50和52免于暴露在火中。
上述实施例只是一个例子,在所附权利要求范围内的各种改进都是可能的。例如,虽然完全相同的弹簧结构可提供更平稳加压结构,弹簧50和52及相应的零件可以仅仅安放在阀体的一侧上,或者弹簧50放在一侧,弹簧52放在另一侧上。只要能有相似的功能,初级弹簧和次级弹簧的形状可以与所述的形状不同。根据用途的不同,用于制造弹簧50和52的材料可以改变。这些弹簧是这样安装的:当暴露在烈度足以使容器壁强度大大降低的火焰中时,弹簧的中心螺旋部分很容易达到白炽火焰中时,弹簧的中心螺旋部分很容易达到白炽红热状态,而使得大多数通常的弹簧钢的弹簧特性被破坏。通过选择其他弹性合金,可以得到在较低温度下丧失其弹簧特性的弹簧50和/或52。
Claims (4)
1、一种用于装盛压力流体容器的紧急卸压阀,它包括:
一个阀通道、阀座、挡板阀、通过一个臂支承挡板阀的轴和弹簧装置;阀通道通过阀体从与容器内部连通的第一端通向与周围大气连通的第二端,阀座在通道内并包围通道,通过一个臂支承挡板阀的轴用于围绕着与通道的纵向轴线垂直的轴线、在关闭通道并与阀座有紧密接触的第一位置和在阀体内、不会阻塞该通道的第二位置之间转动,弹簧装置在轴和阀体之间作用,当所述通道的第一和第二端之间的压力差小于预先决定的数值时,弹簧装置以足以使所述的挡板阀保持在所述第一位置的力矩将挡板阀推入所述第一位置,其特征在于,所述挡板阀和所述臂为分立部件,一个万向接头将挡板阀和臂连接起来,以允许所述挡板阀相对于所述臂作有限制地绕枢轴转动运动,所述挡板阀和阀座具有在所述第一位置上配合的互补的截锥形阀表面,用于在所述阀座和挡板阀之间放有密封圈,用于在所述第一位置上建立不漏气的密封,并且所述阀座通过一个O形圈放置在卸压阀阀通道的孔内,该孔的直径比阀座的外径稍微大一些,这样,可允许阀座在其自身平面内作有限度的运动。
2、根据权利要求1的阀,其中,挡板阀具有带球头的轴向接头,该接头进入臂的孔中,该孔的末端为与球头配合的半球形表面,并且在球头和孔之间设有使球头保持在孔内、同时可做有限度的绕枢轴转动运动的装置。
3、根据权利要求2的阀,其中,所述弹簧装置包括至少一个暴露在装有阀的容器的热环境中的弹簧,该弹簧由暴露在热环境中后会丧失其弹簧特性的材料制成,这种热环境可能造成所述压力容器壁的强度大大降低,从而可以大大降低在该弹簧暴露在这样的热环境中之后,所述弹簧装置加在阀上的关闭力矩。
4、根据权利要求3的阀,其中,所述弹簧装置包括至少两个暴露在容器热环境中的弹簧,这些弹簧在不同的温度下分别丧失其特性。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/164,446 US5411056A (en) | 1993-12-09 | 1993-12-09 | Pressure relief valve |
US08/164,446 | 1993-12-09 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1137309A true CN1137309A (zh) | 1996-12-04 |
Family
ID=22594513
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN94194440A Pending CN1137309A (zh) | 1993-12-09 | 1994-12-09 | 卸压阀 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5411056A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0733181A1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1137309A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU1189595A (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9408283A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2178629A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1995016157A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA949751B (zh) |
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-
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- 1994-12-07 ZA ZA949751A patent/ZA949751B/xx unknown
- 1994-12-09 AU AU11895/95A patent/AU1189595A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-12-09 CN CN94194440A patent/CN1137309A/zh active Pending
- 1994-12-09 CA CA002178629A patent/CA2178629A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-12-09 WO PCT/CA1994/000683 patent/WO1995016157A1/en active Search and Examination
- 1994-12-09 BR BR9408283A patent/BR9408283A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-12-09 EP EP95902730A patent/EP0733181A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ZA949751B (en) | 1996-05-30 |
CA2178629A1 (en) | 1995-06-15 |
EP0733181A1 (en) | 1996-09-25 |
US5411056A (en) | 1995-05-02 |
WO1995016157A1 (en) | 1995-06-15 |
AU1189595A (en) | 1995-06-27 |
BR9408283A (pt) | 1997-08-26 |
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