CN113726405B - Ka frequency band multiple access link modeling simulation system - Google Patents
Ka frequency band multiple access link modeling simulation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113726405B CN113726405B CN202110872431.7A CN202110872431A CN113726405B CN 113726405 B CN113726405 B CN 113726405B CN 202110872431 A CN202110872431 A CN 202110872431A CN 113726405 B CN113726405 B CN 113726405B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
- H04B7/18519—Operations control, administration or maintenance
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention discloses a Ka-frequency-band multi-address link modeling simulation system, which belongs to the technical field of satellite communication, and is characterized in that a transmitting terminal generates data and transmits the data through a transmitting terminal number transmission simulation module, a Ka-frequency-band antenna transmitting module and a Ka-frequency-band wireless link channel transmission module; then, the signal reaches a satellite end and is sent to a wireless channel through a Ka frequency band satellite antenna receiving module, a multi-stage frequency conversion phase noise cascade module and a Ka frequency band TWTA nonlinear simulation module and a satellite antenna satellite transmitting module; finally, the data reaches a receiving end, and the error rate and the frame error rate are calculated through transmitting end data and receiving end data through a Ka frequency band antenna receiving module and a receiving end data transmission simulation module; the group delay and amplitude-frequency characteristic module penetrates through the whole link, wherein the group delay is added by the filter module, and the amplitude-frequency characteristic module is used for conveniently observing the amplitude-frequency characteristics of all parts of the link. The invention uses nonlinear analog simulation of a plurality of components at each position of the link, and can effectively improve the authenticity of the link simulation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of satellite communication, in particular to a Ka frequency band multiple access link modeling simulation system.
Background
In recent years, with the increase of a large number of networking devices and the difficulty of effective coverage of a ground wireless network in a part of regions, satellite communication can be used as an effective supplement to the ground network due to the characteristics of large satellite communication coverage area, capability of being combined with various multiple access technologies to form a communication network, wide communication frequency band, large capacity and the like. Therefore, the satellite communication system simulation under different coding modulation modes of each frequency band for satellite communication can verify and simulate the communication capacity and the communication effectiveness of the satellite communication system before satellite transmission.
In a satellite communication system, for a specific carrier frequency, different spreading, coding, modulation modes and the like have different signal-to-noise ratio requirements to meet the communication bit error rate standard. Therefore, for different spreading, coding and modulation modes, the simulation of the satellite physical layer is an urgent technical problem to be solved under the condition of Ka frequency band multiple access. Therefore, a Ka-band multi-access link modeling simulation system is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the modeling simulation system can simulate the physical layer of a satellite link under different spreading, coding and modulation modes, verify the system capacity of the satellite communication system and the signal to noise ratio required for reaching a specific bit error rate through different coding and modulation modes, use nonlinear simulation of a plurality of components at each position of the link, and effectively improve the authenticity of link simulation.
The invention solves the technical problem by the following technical proposal, and the invention comprises a forward link ground end, a return link user end, a satellite end, a forward link user end and a return link ground end;
the forward link ground end and the return link user end comprise a transmitting end data transmission simulation module, a Ka frequency band antenna transmitting module and a Ka frequency band wireless link channel transmission module; the Ka frequency band user antenna transmitting module is used for receiving a signal subjected to carrier modulation and transmitting the signal to a wireless channel by using 4 channels with different gains; the Ka frequency band wireless link channel transmission module is used for receiving the signal transmitted by the Ka frequency band antenna transmission module;
the satellite terminal comprises a Ka frequency band satellite antenna receiving module, a multi-stage frequency conversion phase noise cascade module and a Ka frequency band TWTA nonlinear simulation module; the Ka frequency band satellite antenna receiving module is used for receiving transmission signals from channels by using 4 channels, amplifying the transmission signals according to antenna gain, and amplifying weak signals by a low-noise amplifier and outputting the weak signals to the multistage frequency conversion phase noise cascade module; the multistage frequency conversion phase noise cascade module is used for adding the influence of phase noise into a frequency source model connected with the satellite payload frequency mixer so as to enable the frequency source oscillator to directly output a waveform with the phase noise for frequency mixing; the system comprises a Ka frequency band TWTA nonlinear simulation module, a TWTA nonlinear simulation module and a TWTA module, wherein the Ka frequency band TWTA nonlinear simulation module is used for performing simulation generation according to an amplifier module in a SystemVue, and meanwhile, simulation parameters of the TWTA module are calculated according to input related parameters;
the forward link user side and the return link ground side comprise a receiving end data transmission simulation module and a Ka frequency band antenna receiving module; the receiving end data transmission simulation module is used for performing matched filtering, frame synchronization, down sampling, demodulation and decoding of received data and bit error rate statistics, and the Ka frequency band antenna receiving module is used for receiving transmission signals from a wireless channel, amplifying the transmission signals according to antenna gain, and amplifying and outputting weak signals through a low-noise amplifier.
Furthermore, after the Ka frequency band wireless link channel transmission module receives the transmitted signal, the satellite-ground distance d and the carrier central frequency f are utilized c Calculating the free space propagation loss PL:
PL(dB)＝92.44+20lgd(m)+20lgf c (GHz)
and the input attenuation value is added to the calculation of the spatial propagation loss.
Furthermore, the Ka-band antenna transmitting module receives transmission signals from channels, transmits the signals to wireless channels with different gains by using 4 channels, and simulates the antenna gain by adopting an ideal amplifier.
Furthermore, the Ka-band satellite antenna receiving module comprises 4 channels, and received signals of each channel are distinguished according to different gains.
Furthermore, the Ka-band TWTA nonlinear simulation module performs nonlinear modeling of the amplifier according to a Taylor series model, and performs polynomial approximation on the nonlinear characteristic of the amplifier:
wherein, subscript k represents the harmonic order, N represents the number of harmonic terms, the even power term does not contain the fundamental component of the signal, only the non-linear effect brought by the odd power term remains:
furthermore, the Ka band TWTA nonlinear simulation module performs nonlinear modeling of the amplifier according to a two-parameter Saleh model, where the two-parameter Saleh model is:
furthermore, the Ka-band multi-access link modeling simulation system further comprises a group delay and amplitude-frequency characteristic module, wherein the group delay and amplitude-frequency characteristic module comprises a group delay module and an amplitude-frequency characteristic module; the group delay module is used for calculating the order of a preset filter by utilizing the central frequency, the pass band width, the pass band attenuation, the stop band width, the stop band attenuation and the sampling frequency of an input signal, and calculating the group delay of the filter, and the amplitude-frequency characteristic module is used for inserting an amplitude-frequency characteristic analyzer at any position of a link to analyze the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the position.
Further, a frequency translation relationship is employed based on the parameters utilized by the group delay module
Converting the technical index of the digital filter into the technical index of the analog filter to obtain a zero and a pole of the analog filter, and accordingly obtaining a system function of the corresponding analog filter, wherein if no repeated pole exists, the method comprises the following steps:
converting the system function from an analog domain s plane to a digital domain z plane by using a bilinear transformation method to obtain the system function of the digital filter:
after obtaining the system function of the digital filter, using z = e jw Conversion of H (z) to H (e) jw ) And calculating group delay:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the Ka frequency band multi-address link modeling simulation system adopts a Ka frequency band TWTA nonlinear simulation module, phase noise is added into a multistage frequency conversion module, a filter is set by self-definition, and a more real simulation result can be obtained through the irrational component simulation module, so that the Ka frequency band multi-address link modeling simulation system is worthy of being popularized and used.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a data transmission simulation module at a sending end in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a forward link satellite antenna transmit module in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a return link satellite antenna receiving module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a multi-stage frequency-conversion phase noise cascade module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a Ka band TWTA nonlinear simulation module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of an antenna receiving module of a subscriber station in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flowchart of an antenna receiving module of a ground station according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a receiving end data transmission simulation module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a flowchart (return) of an implementation of the Ka band multiple access link modeling simulation system in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given for the detailed implementation and specific operation of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
The embodiment provides a technical scheme: a Ka frequency band multiple access link modeling simulation system comprises the following parts:
forward link ground side and return link user side:
the system comprises a transmitting end data transmission simulation module, a Ka frequency band wireless link channel transmission module and a Ka frequency band antenna transmitting module.
And the transmitting end data transmission simulation module is used for encoding, digitally modulating, forming and filtering original data and adding idle data.
The Ka frequency band wireless link channel transmission module is usedSending signals at a receiving antenna by using the satellite-ground distance d and the carrier center frequency f c Calculating the free space propagation loss PL:
PL(dB)＝92.44+20lgd(m)+20lgf c (GHz)
and adding the attenuation values of rain attenuation, ionospheric attenuation and the like into the calculation of the path loss.
The Ka frequency band user antenna transmitting module and the Ka frequency band ground station antenna transmitting module transmit signals to a wireless channel by using 4 channels with different gains, and an ideal amplifier is adopted to simulate the antenna gain, wherein the antenna gain is comprehensively provided according to influence factors such as omnidirectional antenna transmitting power, an antenna directional diagram and the like.
The modeling process needs to consider not only the modulation and coding mode but also parameters such as the frame length, wherein the data transmission module and the satellite module filter are designed according to the requirements, and the wireless channel module needs to consider factors such as rain attenuation and atmospheric dispersion.
Satellite end:
the system comprises a Ka frequency band satellite antenna receiving module, a Ka frequency band satellite antenna transmitting module, a multi-stage frequency conversion phase noise cascade module and a Ka frequency band TWTA nonlinear simulation module.
The Ka frequency band satellite antenna receiving module receives transmission signals from channels and comprises 4 channels, received signals of each channel are distinguished according to different gains, are amplified according to antenna gains, are amplified through a low-noise amplifier of the Ka frequency band satellite antenna receiving module, and are output to the multistage frequency conversion phase noise cascade module.
The multistage frequency conversion phase noise cascade module adds the influence of phase noise into a frequency source model connected with a satellite effective load frequency mixer, so that a frequency source oscillator directly outputs a waveform with the phase noise to carry out frequency mixing.
In the Ka frequency range TWTA nonlinear simulation module, amplifier nonlinear simulation can be performed on the nonlinear characteristic of an amplifier according to a Taylor series model (power series model) by polynomial approximation:
the even power term does not contain the fundamental component of the signal, and because the satellite carrier frequency is far greater than the bandwidth of the transponder, only the intermodulation component falling in the band can be output when the intermodulation component passes through the filter. Therefore, only the non-linear effect of the odd power term remains in the above equation:
the nonlinear physical meaning of the power amplifier is described by using Taylor series, the subscript k indicates the harmonic order, and the number of harmonic terms N is increased, so that the number of the model can be effectively improved. However, the Taylor series model only describes the amplitude distortion characteristic of the power amplifier, and cannot reflect the phase distortion characteristic.
For non-linear modeling of TWTA, a two-parameter Saleh model can also be utilized:
wherein a is r ,β r Is a fitting parameter for measuring AM/AM characteristics of the power amplifier, a i And beta is a fitting parameter for measuring the AM/PM characteristic of the power amplifier. The Saleh model not only has a simple form and can better approximate to an original performance curve, but also can realize nonlinear modeling of a phase, and is most widely used in TWTA. The improved Saleh model can also simulate two paths Q and I of a quadrature band-pass:
wherein a is r ,β r Is a fitting parameter for measuring AM/AM characteristics of the power amplifier, a i And beta is a fitting parameter for measuring the AM/PM characteristic of the power amplifier.
And performing polynomial approximation on a given input-output curve of the amplifier by using MATLAB software based on a Taylor series model to obtain a linear fitting curve, namely the gain of the amplifier, and simultaneously obtaining important parameters such as a 1dB gain compression point, a third-order intermodulation point, a saturated power point compression value and the like, and inputting the parameters into a power amplifier module in a SystemVue for simulating a real amplifier. The SystemVue amplifier module can also simulate AM-AM and AM-PM models, and the simulation is carried out by inputting relevant parameters, namely corresponding numerical values of an AM-AM curve and an AM-PM curve.
The addition of phase noise is not only considered in the modeling process, but also the TWTA nonlinear simulation module is generated according to corresponding model simulation (the Taylor model or the Saleh model), and simulation parameters of the TWTA nonlinear simulation module can be calculated according to input parameters such as a related saturation point.
Forward link user side and return link ground side:
the system comprises a receiving end data transmission simulation module and a Ka frequency band antenna receiving module.
And the receiving end data transmission simulation module is used for performing matched filtering, frame synchronization, downsampling, demodulation and decoding of received data and bit error rate statistics. The module not only comprises the inverse process of the transmitting end number transmission simulation module, but also comprises the calculation of the error rate, and finally, the calculation result of the error rate can be output.
The Ka frequency band antenna receiving module is used for receiving transmission signals from a wireless channel, amplifying the transmission signals according to antenna gain, amplifying weak signals through a low noise amplifier of the Ka frequency band antenna receiving module, and outputting the weak signals to the frequency conversion module.
The group delay and amplitude-frequency characteristic module:
the order of the preset filter is obtained through theoretical calculation by utilizing the center frequency, the passband width (passband cut-off frequency), the passband attenuation, the stopband width (stopband cut-off frequency), the stopband attenuation and the sampling frequency of the input signal, so that the group delay characteristic of the filter can be calculated conveniently.
According to the above input parameters, adopting frequency conversion relation
Converting technical indicators of digital filters into analog filteringObtaining the zero and the pole of the analog filter according to the technical indexes of the analog filter, and accordingly obtaining the system function of the corresponding analog filter, wherein if no repeated pole exists, the following steps are provided:
wherein s is pk For the kth pole, A, of the analog filter k For the kth pole corresponding to the gain, H(s) is the Laplace domain function of the filter.
Converting the system function from an analog domain s plane to a digital domain z plane by using a bilinear transformation method to obtain the system function of the digital filter:
after obtaining the system function of the digital filter, using z = e jw Conversion of H (z) to H (e) jw ) Calculating group delay;
for the amplitude-frequency characteristic module, a spectrum analyzer in system mvue (which can output an amplitude-frequency characteristic graph of a corresponding node) can be used for interpolating any position of a link, and the amplitude-frequency characteristic of a full link is given by the spectrum analyzer at the radio frequency end (before decoding).
Principle of operation
Firstly, as shown in fig. 1, the data generator of the system mvue performs coding and digital modulation by MATLAB, and after operations of framing, upsampling, shaping filtering, and the like, idle data is inserted, and then the idle data is transmitted to the Ka band transmitting antenna module through carrier modulation. The Ka frequency band transmitting antenna module receives the signal modulated by the carrier, gives a certain antenna gain and sends the signal to a wireless channel. As shown in fig. 3, the Ka band satellite antenna receiving module may distinguish signals from 4 channels with different gains, amplify weak signals in a low noise amplifier of the Ka band satellite antenna receiving module, and output the weak signals to the multistage frequency conversion phase noise cascade module. As shown in fig. 4, the instability of the oscillator frequency is simulated by adding phase noise through a multi-stage frequency conversion phase noise cascade module. The signal is input to the Ka band TWTA nonlinear analog module through the multistage frequency conversion phase noise cascade module, the calculation method of the TWTA nonlinear analog module is described above, and the flow chart of the implementation is shown in fig. 5. The satellite antenna transmission module (Ka band satellite antenna transmission module) transmits a signal divided into 4 channels with different gains from the satellite to the wireless channel, as shown in fig. 2. As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the user station and the ground station receive the signals transmitted on the satellite, add a certain antenna gain, transmit the signals to the receiving end data transmission simulation module flowchart as shown in fig. 8, output the received data through a series of inverse operations relative to the transmitting end data transmission simulation module, compare the data at the transmitting end, and calculate the BER.
To sum up, the Ka band multiple access link modeling simulation system of the above embodiment adopts the Ka band TWTA nonlinear simulation module, adds phase noise to the multistage frequency conversion module, and defines the filter setting, and by using the irrational component simulation module, a more real simulation result can be obtained, which is worth being popularized and used.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A Ka frequency band multiple access link modeling simulation system is characterized in that: the system comprises a forward link ground end, a return link user end, a satellite end, a forward link user end and a return link ground end;
the forward link ground end and the return link user end comprise a sending end data transmission simulation module, a Ka frequency band antenna emission module and a Ka frequency band wireless link channel transmission module; the Ka frequency band antenna transmitting module is used for receiving a signal modulated by a carrier and transmitting the signal to a wireless channel; the Ka frequency band wireless link channel transmission module is used for receiving the signal transmitted by the Ka frequency band antenna transmission module;
the satellite terminal comprises a Ka frequency band satellite antenna receiving module, a multi-stage frequency conversion phase noise cascade module and a Ka frequency band TWTA nonlinear simulation module; the Ka frequency band satellite antenna receiving module is used for receiving transmission signals from channels by using 4 channels, amplifying the transmission signals according to antenna gain, and amplifying weak signals by a low-noise amplifier and outputting the weak signals to the multistage frequency conversion phase noise cascade module; the multistage frequency conversion phase noise cascade module is used for adding the influence of phase noise into a frequency source model connected with a satellite payload mixer so that a frequency source oscillator directly outputs a waveform with the phase noise to carry out frequency mixing; the system comprises a Ka frequency band TWTA nonlinear simulation module, a TWTA module and a TWTA module, wherein the Ka frequency band TWTA nonlinear simulation module is generated according to simulation of an amplifier module in a SystemVue, and meanwhile, simulation parameters of the TWTA module are calculated according to input related parameters;
the forward link user side and the return link ground side comprise a receiving end data transmission simulation module and a Ka frequency band antenna receiving module; the receiving end data transmission simulation module is used for performing matched filtering, frame synchronization, down sampling, demodulation and decoding of received data and bit error rate statistics, and the Ka frequency band antenna receiving module is used for receiving transmission signals from a wireless channel, amplifying the transmission signals according to antenna gain, and amplifying and outputting weak signals through a low-noise amplifier;
the Ka frequency band TWTA nonlinear simulation module carries out nonlinear modeling on the amplifier according to a Taylor series model, and carries out polynomial approximation on the nonlinear characteristic of the amplifier:
wherein, subscript k represents the harmonic order, N represents the number of harmonic terms, the even power term does not contain the fundamental component of the signal, only the non-linear effect brought by the odd power term remains:
the Ka frequency band TWTA nonlinear simulation module carries out nonlinear modeling on the amplifier according to a double-parameter Saleh model, and the double-parameter Saleh model comprises the following steps:
wherein, a r ,β r Is a fitting parameter for measuring AM/AM characteristics of the power amplifier, a i And beta is a fitting parameter for measuring the AM/PM characteristic of the power amplifier.
2. The Ka-band multiple-access link modeling simulation system of claim 1, wherein: after the Ka frequency band wireless link channel transmission module receives the transmitted signal, the satellite-ground distance d and the carrier central frequency f are utilized c Calculating the free space propagation loss PL:
PL(dB)＝92.44+20lgd(m)+20lgf c (GHz)
and the input attenuation value is added to the calculation of the spatial propagation loss.
3. The Ka-band multiple-access link modeling simulation system of claim 1, wherein: the Ka frequency band antenna transmitting module receives transmission signals from a channel, transmits the signals to a wireless channel by using 4 channels with different gains, and simulates the gain of the antenna by adopting an ideal amplifier.
4. The Ka-band multiple-access link modeling simulation system of claim 3, wherein: the Ka-band satellite antenna receiving module comprises 4 channels, and received signals of each channel are distinguished according to different gains.
5. The Ka-band multiple-access link modeling simulation system of claim 4, wherein: after the Ka frequency band satellite antenna receiving module receives signals passing through a wireless channel, the Ka frequency band satellite antenna receiving module distinguishes the signals from 4 channels through different gains, then amplifies weak signals and outputs the weak signals to the multistage frequency conversion phase noise cascade module.
6. The Ka-band multiple-access link modeling simulation system of claim 1, wherein: the Ka frequency band multiple access link modeling simulation system further comprises a group delay and amplitude-frequency characteristic module, wherein the group delay and amplitude-frequency characteristic module comprises a group delay module and an amplitude-frequency characteristic module; the group delay module is used for calculating the order of a preset filter by using the central frequency, the pass band width, the pass band attenuation, the stop band width, the stop band attenuation and the sampling frequency of an input signal, and calculating the group delay of the filter, and the amplitude-frequency characteristic module is used for inserting an amplitude-frequency characteristic analyzer at any position of a link to analyze the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the position.
7. The Ka-band multiple-access link modeling simulation system of claim 6, wherein: using a frequency translation relationship based on the parameters utilized by the group delay module
Converting the technical index of the digital filter into the technical index of the analog filter to obtain a zero and a pole of the analog filter, and accordingly obtaining a system function of the corresponding analog filter, wherein if no repeated pole exists, the method comprises the following steps:
wherein s is pk For the kth pole, A, of an analog filter k For the k pole corresponding gain, H(s) is the Laplace domain function of the filter;
converting the system function from an s plane of an analog domain to a z plane of a digital domain by using a bilinear transformation method to obtain the system function of the digital filter:
after obtaining the system function of the digital filter, using z = e jw Conversion of H (z) to H (e) jw ) And calculating group delay:
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