CN113726260B - Automatic internal compensation control device for asynchronous motor capacitor - Google Patents
Automatic internal compensation control device for asynchronous motor capacitor Download PDFInfo
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- CN113726260B CN113726260B CN202111155809.8A CN202111155809A CN113726260B CN 113726260 B CN113726260 B CN 113726260B CN 202111155809 A CN202111155809 A CN 202111155809A CN 113726260 B CN113726260 B CN 113726260B
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P23/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control
- H02P23/26—Power factor control [PFC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P1/16—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P1/26—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual polyphase induction motor
- H02P1/32—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual polyphase induction motor by star-delta switching
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
- H02P25/18—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays
- H02P25/184—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays wherein the motor speed is changed by switching from a delta to a star, e.g. wye, connection of its windings, or vice versa
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
- H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
- H02P27/085—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation wherein the PWM mode is adapted on the running conditions of the motor, e.g. the switching frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the type of motor
- H02P2207/01—Asynchronous machines
Abstract
The invention provides an automatic internal compensation control device for asynchronous motor capacitance, which comprises a stator winding, a main capacitor C01-C03, an auxiliary capacitor C04-C06 and a regulator, wherein the stator winding comprises three-phase main windings Wa1, wb1 and Wc1 and three-phase auxiliary windings Wa2, wb2 and Wc2, the head end of the Wa1 is connected with the tail end of the Wc2, the connection point is A1, the head end of the Wb1 is connected with the tail end of the Wa2, the connection point is B1, the head end of the Wc1 is connected with the tail end of the Wb2, the connection point is C1, the connection points A1, B1 and C1 are respectively connected with alternating current power supply ends A0, B0 and C0 through alternating current switches K1, the tail ends of main windings Wa1, wb1 and Wc1 are respectively connection points A2, B2 and C2, the head ends of auxiliary windings Wa2, wb2 and Wc2 are respectively connection points A3, B3 and C3, the connection points A2 and C3, the connection points B2 and A3 and the connection points B3 and C2 are respectively connected with auxiliary capacitors C04, C05 and C06, the tail ends of main windings Wa1, wb1 and Wc1 are respectively connected with main capacitors C01-C03, and the head ends of auxiliary windings Wa2, wb2 and Wc2 are respectively connected with regulators. The invention uses the main capacitor to make capacitance compensation for the main winding in advance, then uses the regulator to make dynamic adjustment for the auxiliary winding, uses smaller starting current to complete the starting of various devices including heavy-duty devices, and achieves the effect of power factor of 1.0.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of asynchronous motors and electric transmission, and particularly relates to an automatic internal compensation control device for an asynchronous motor capacitor.
Background
When the asynchronous motor starts, the rotor starts to rotate from static, the rotating speed is very low, the relative cutting speed of the rotating magnetic field and the rotor is very high, the induced electromotive force of the rotor winding is very large, the induced current is very large, and meanwhile, the current of the stator winding is very large, so that the starting current is very large. The asynchronous motor has larger starting current, and not only can produce fluctuation on the voltage of a power grid and influence the normal operation of other equipment connected to the power grid, but also can easily cause the heating of a motor winding, the insulation aging and the shortening of the service life of the motor. For heavy-load starting of the ball mill and the like, in order to reduce starting current, the prior art has the problem of larger starting current no matter a frequency sensitive rheostat or other current limiting equipment is adopted. The double-winding capacitor internal compensation motor of the Chinese patent 012286052 designs the main stator winding and the auxiliary stator winding into triangle or star connection respectively, the capacitor is also connected at the compensation end of the auxiliary winding with a certain fixed capacity, the direct starting mode is adopted for the motor, and the problem that the current is larger still exists, particularly the compensation current of the motor cannot be dynamically regulated, so that the motor often generates the problem of insufficient compensation current or overcompensation in practical application. The zigzag wiring internal compensation asynchronous motor of the Chinese patent 201203179480 adopts an unequal hexagonal zigzag wiring to equivalently connect two ends of a motor excitation inductance in parallel, has a certain energy-saving effect on reducing stator leakage reactance voltage drop, hysteresis loss and reactive loss, but can generate non-sinusoidal compensation current, and the starting current is still larger.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an automatic internal compensation control device for an asynchronous motor capacitor, which is used for carrying out internal compensation on current through three-V-shaped winding wiring and two groups of capacitors and simultaneously carrying out reactive dynamic regulation by using a regulator so as to reduce the starting current of the asynchronous motor.
The invention provides an automatic internal compensation control device for an asynchronous motor capacitor, which comprises a stator winding, an alternating current power supply, a main capacitor C01-C03, an auxiliary capacitor C04-C06, a regulator and an alternating current switch K1, wherein the stator winding comprises three-phase main windings Wa1, wb1 and Wc1 and three-phase auxiliary windings Wa2, wb2 and Wc2, the head end of the Wa1 is connected with the tail end of the Wc2, the connection point is A1, the head end of the Wb1 is connected with the tail end of the Wa2, the connection point is C1, three potential phasors are formed into V-shaped wiring, the tail ends of the main windings Wa1, wb1 and Wc1 are respectively connected with connection points A2, B2 and C2, the head ends of the auxiliary windings Wa2 and Wc2 are respectively connected with connection points A3, B3 and C3, C1, A2, B2, C2, A3 and C3 are respectively led out, the connection points A1, B1 and C3 are respectively connected with the main windings A2, C3 and the C2 and the tail ends of the main windings C1, the C1 and the auxiliary windings are respectively connected with the C3, the C2 and the C3 and the C1 and the C2 are connected with the main windings by the connection points A1, the C2 and the C3 and the C2 and the C06.
Further, main capacitors C01, C02 and C03 are respectively connected between the main winding connection points A2 and C1, B2 and A1, and between C2 and B1 of the stator, the regulator comprises three single-phase regulators, one-way regulator is respectively connected between the main winding connection points A1 and A3, between B1 and B3, and between C1 and C3 of the auxiliary winding connection points, the single-phase regulator comprises a single-phase rectifier bridge and an insulated gate bipolar transistor T1/T2/T3, which are formed by four rectifier tubes D1-D4/D5-D8/D9-D12, and a direct current positive output end and a direct current negative output end of the single-phase rectifier bridge are respectively connected with a C pole and a E pole of the insulated gate bipolar transistor T1/T2/T3, and meanwhile, the direct current positive output end and the direct current negative output end of the single-phase rectifier bridge are respectively connected with a cathode and an anode of the rectifier tube D13/D14/D15.
Further, main capacitors C01, C02, C03 are respectively connected between the stator main winding connection points A2 and C1, B2 and A1, C2 and B1, and the turns ratio of the main winding to the auxiliary winding is v 3: the voltage phasors of the auxiliary windings are advanced by 30 degrees compared with those of the main windings of the same phase, the regulator is a three-phase regulator, the three-phase regulator comprises a three-phase rectifier bridge formed by six rectifier tubes D1-D6 and an insulated gate bipolar transistor T1, three alternating current input ends of the three-phase rectifier bridge are respectively connected with connection points A3, B3 and C3 of the auxiliary windings of the stator, a direct current positive output end and a direct current negative output end of the three-phase rectifier bridge are respectively connected with a C pole and an E pole of the insulated gate bipolar transistor T1, and meanwhile, a direct current positive output end and a direct current negative output end of the three-phase rectifier bridge are respectively connected with a cathode and an anode of the rectifier tube D7, and in a full-conduction state of the regulator, a phase delta combination circuit is formed.
Further, the three-phase rectifier comprises a three-phase rectifier bridge and an insulated gate bipolar transistor T1, wherein the three-phase rectifier bridge comprises six rectifier tubes D1-D6, three alternating current input ends of the three-phase rectifier bridge are respectively connected with connection points A3, B3 and C3 of a stator auxiliary winding, a direct current positive output end and a direct current negative output end of the three-phase rectifier bridge are respectively connected with a C pole and an E pole of the insulated gate bipolar transistor T1, meanwhile, the direct current positive output end and the direct current negative output end of the three-phase rectifier bridge are respectively connected with a cathode and an anode of the rectifier tube D7, the three-phase rectifier bridge is a three-phase regulator, the three-phase regulator comprises three-phase windings Wa3, wb3 and Wc3, one end of the three-phase windings Wa3, wb3 and one end of Wc3 are connected together, the other ends of the three-phase windings Wa3, wb3 and Wc3 are respectively connected with the stator auxiliary winding through the connection points A3 and the C3, and the other ends of the three-phase rectifier bridge are respectively connected with the stator winding through the alternating current positive output end and the direct current negative output end of the three-phase rectifier bridge.
Further, the capacity ratio of the main capacitor to the auxiliary capacitor is 5:1-5, and the ratio of the sum KVA of the capacities of the main capacitor and the auxiliary capacitor to the input power KW of the asynchronous motor is 2-4:5.
The invention provides a regulator control method of an automatic internal compensation control device of an asynchronous motor capacitor, which comprises the following steps:
the first step, respectively sampling the phase voltage and current of the asynchronous motor by a unidirectional transformer and a current transformer,
second, signal conversion is carried out to convert the voltage and current into 5-10V voltage phasors,
third, phase comparison is performed to convert the phase difference between the voltage and current amounts into a signal, and the comparison signal is gradually reduced in phase conversion of the latter by 90 degrees to 0 degrees,
fourth, performing logic operation, performing operation according to the initial setting signal to give a signal of DC value,
and fifthly, pulse width modulation, namely adopting a triangular carrier comparison method with carrier frequency of 5-15KHZ, and when the phase difference between the two is large, the conduction width of an insulated gate bipolar transistor in the regulator is large, otherwise, the conduction width of the insulated gate bipolar transistor in the regulator is small, so that the voltage value of the secondary winding and the capacitance of the secondary capacitor are dynamically regulated, and the automatic internal compensation effect is achieved.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention uses the main capacitor to make capacitance compensation and provide more than 50% initial current to the main winding, to make the rotation speed of the common asynchronous motor close to more than 50%, then uses the adjuster to make dynamic adjustment, uses smaller starting current to complete the starting of various devices including heavy-duty devices, and uses the adjuster to change the output voltage to make dynamic adjustment to the fan and pump motor in the rated rotation speed range of 50% -100%, and achieves the effect of power factor of 1.0.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a wiring diagram of an automatic capacitance internal compensation control device for an asynchronous motor according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a wiring diagram of an automatic capacitance internal compensation control device for an asynchronous motor according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a wiring diagram of an automatic capacitance internal compensation control device for an asynchronous motor according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a pulse width modulation method of the regulator of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly illustrate the technical characteristics of the present solution, the present solution is described below by means of specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
As shown in figure 1, the automatic internal compensation control device for the capacitance of the asynchronous motor comprises a stator winding, an alternating current power supply, main capacitors C01-C03, auxiliary capacitors C04-C06, a regulator and an alternating current switch K1.
The stator windings include three-phase main windings Wa1, wb1, wc1 and three-phase sub windings Wa2, wb2, wc2. The ratio of the induction voltage values of the main winding to the auxiliary winding is 1:1.Wa1 head end and Wc2 end-to-end connection, the tie point is A1, wb1 head end and Wa2 end-to-end connection, the tie point is B1, wc1 head end and Wb2 end-to-end connection, the tie point is C1, constitute three electric potential vector and be the wiring of V-arrangement. The connection points A1, B1, and C1 are connected to ac power supply terminals A0, B0, and C0, respectively, through ac switches K1.
Winding design: considering the effect of eliminating leakage reactance of the compensation in the capacitor, the winding design can be carried out according to 380-400V for the piezoelectric motor. Taking 36 slots with pitch y=8 and number of poles of 4 as an example, the connection mode is described: the coil groups are marked by the slot number of the upper layer coil, one end of the coil with the ". Is used as the head end, the other end is used as the tail end, two coil groups with the numbers of 1, 2, 3, 19, 20 and 21 are connected in parallel to form a main coil Wa1, two coil groups with the numbers of 10, 11, 12, 28, 29 and 30 are connected in parallel to form an auxiliary coil Wa2, the Wb1 and the Wc1 are sequentially pushed back by 6 slots to be discharged, and the Wb2 and the Wc2 are also sequentially pushed back by 6 slots to be discharged.
The tail ends of the main windings Wa1, wb1 and Wc1 are respectively connected with the points A2, B2 and C2, the head ends of the auxiliary windings Wa2, wb2 and Wc2 are respectively connected with the points A3, B3 and C3, the points A2 and C3, the points B2 and A3, the points C2 and B3 are respectively connected with the auxiliary capacitors C04, C05 and C06, and the points A2 and C1, the points B2 and A1, the points C2 and B1 are respectively connected with the main capacitors C01, C02 and C03.
The main capacitors C01, C02 and C03 respectively compensate the capacitance of the main windings Wa1, wb1 and Wc1 in the earlier stage, and the connection of the main windings and the auxiliary windings is utilized to ensure that the auxiliary windings can not generate excessive current due to abrupt current change when the regulator is rapidly switched on and off. For example, a C5 secondary capacitor in series with the Wa2 secondary winding, maintains the voltage value at the A3 terminal instantaneously constant. Because of the leakage inductance of the three secondary windings, the three secondary capacitors generate freewheel action on the three regulators; for example, when the terminal B3 is instantaneously cut off, the current flowing through Wb2 will be provided by the auxiliary capacitor C06, and finally, the single-phase regulator connected to the terminal B1 and the terminal B3 is cut off, and then the freewheeling effect of the auxiliary capacitor C06 is utilized to avoid voltage flicker. The three auxiliary windings and the three auxiliary capacitors are connected in a 120-degree lagging electric angle mode, so that the current phase in the auxiliary windings is advanced by 30-degree electric angle, the current phase of the main windings is lagged by 30-degree electric angle, for example, the current phase of the wc2 winding is advanced by 30 degrees, and the current phase of the wa1 winding is lagged by 30 degrees, and the two are added to enable the voltage phasor and the current phasor of the motor to be close to and in phase with each other. If the two groups of capacitors are selected according to one half of the rated value of the motor current, the current values and the current phases of the main winding and the auxiliary winding are the same when approaching to the rated value, so that the power factor of the motor approaches to 1.0, and the current value of the three-phase load is reduced by 15%. The capacitor is connected to the end points of the main winding and the auxiliary winding with an included angle of 60 degrees, which is the technical key point of internal compensation.
The regulator comprises three unidirectional regulators, wherein a unidirectional regulator is respectively connected between a main winding connection point A1 and a secondary winding connection point A3, a secondary winding connection point B1 and a unidirectional regulator between a C1 and a C3, the single-phase regulator comprises a single-phase rectifier bridge formed by four rectifier tubes D1-D4/D5-D8/D9-D12 and an insulated gate bipolar transistor T1/T2/T3, a direct current positive output end and a direct current negative output end of the single-phase rectifier bridge are respectively connected with a C pole and an E pole of the insulated gate bipolar transistor T1/T2/T3, and meanwhile, the direct current positive output end and the direct current negative output end of the single-phase rectifier bridge are respectively connected with a cathode and an anode of the rectifier tube D13/D14/D15 so as to ensure the reliable turn-off of the single-phase rectifier bridge. When the three regulators are near full conduction, A3, B3, C3 are close to the voltages of the three terminals A1, B1, C1.
The control method of the regulator is shown in fig. 4, and includes the following steps:
the first step, sampling the phase voltage and current of the asynchronous motor by a unidirectional transformer and a current transformer respectively,
second, signal conversion is carried out to convert the voltage and current into 5-10V voltage phasors,
third, phase comparison is performed to convert the phase difference between the voltage and current amounts into a signal, and the comparison signal is gradually reduced in phase conversion of the latter by 90 degrees to 0 degrees,
fourth, performing logic operation, performing operation according to the initial setting signal to give a signal of DC value,
and fifthly, pulse width modulation, namely adopting a triangular carrier comparison method with carrier frequency of 5-15KHZ, and when the phase difference between the two is large, the conduction width of an insulated gate bipolar transistor in the regulator is large, otherwise, the conduction width of the insulated gate bipolar transistor in the regulator is small, so that the voltage value of the secondary winding and the capacitance of the secondary capacitor are dynamically regulated, and the automatic internal compensation effect is achieved.
Example 2
As shown in figure 2, the automatic internal compensation control device for the capacitance of the asynchronous motor comprises a stator winding, an alternating current power supply, main capacitors C01-C03, auxiliary capacitors C04-C06, a regulator and an alternating current switch K1. The stator winding comprises three-phase main windings Wa1, wb1 and Wc1 and three-phase auxiliary windings Wa2, wb2 and Wc2, the ratio of the induction voltage values of the main winding to the auxiliary winding is ∈3:1, and the voltage phasor of the auxiliary winding is advanced by 30 electrical angles compared with the main winding. The head end of Wa1 is connected with the tail end of Wc2, the connection point is A1, the head end of Wb1 is connected with the tail end of Wa2, the connection point is B1, the head end of Wc1 is connected with the tail end of Wb2, the connection point is C1, three electric potential phasors are formed into a V-shaped wiring. The connection points A1, B1, and C1 are connected to ac power supply terminals A0, B0, and C0, respectively, through ac switches K1.
The three auxiliary windings Wa2, wb2 and Wc2 are respectively moved forward by 30 degrees and are designed to have a phase voltage value of 220V, the three main windings Wa1, wb1 and Wc1 are designed to have a line voltage value of 380V, and the wire section of the former is correspondingly enlarged. The winding design adopts a phase belt combination mode or a double-layer arrangement mode with a pole phase group of 30, wherein the double-layer arrangement mode refers to a connection mode that main windings and auxiliary windings are arranged in two layers, and an included angle is 30 degrees between the auxiliary windings and the main windings. For example, the included angle between the two windings Wa1 and Wc2 is 30 degrees.
The tail ends of the main windings Wa1, wb1 and Wc1 are respectively connected with the points A2, B2 and C2, the head ends of the auxiliary windings Wa2, wb2 and Wc2 are respectively connected with the points A3, B3 and C3, the points A2 and C3, the points B2 and A3, the points C2 and B3 are respectively connected with the auxiliary capacitors C04, C05 and C06, and the points A2 and C1, the points B2 and A1, the points C2 and B1 are respectively connected with the main capacitors C01, C02 and C03.
The regulator is a three-phase regulator, the three-phase regulator comprises a three-phase rectifier bridge formed by six rectifying tubes D1-D6 and an insulated gate bipolar transistor T1, three alternating current input ends of the three-phase rectifier bridge are respectively connected with connecting points A3, B3 and C3 of a stator auxiliary winding, a direct current positive output end and a direct current auxiliary output end of the three-phase rectifier bridge are respectively connected with a C pole and an E pole of the insulated gate bipolar transistor T1, and meanwhile, a direct current positive output end and a direct current auxiliary output end of the three-phase rectifier bridge are respectively connected with a cathode and an anode of the rectifying tube D7. When the regulator is fully conducted, a combined circuit with a potential phasor of star-delta is formed. And the three ends A3, B3 and C3 of the auxiliary winding can be connected with a rotor circuit for heavy-load starting.
The control method of the regulator is the same as that of example 1.
Example 3
As shown in FIG. 3, the automatic internal compensation control device for the capacitance of the asynchronous motor comprises a stator winding, a rotor winding, an alternating current power supply, main capacitors C01-C03, auxiliary capacitors C04-C06, a regulator, and alternating current switches K1, K2 and K3. The stator winding comprises three-phase main windings Wa1, wb1 and Wc1 and three-phase auxiliary windings Wa2, wb2 and Wc2, and the ratio of the induction voltage values of the main windings to the auxiliary windings is 1:1.Wa1 head end and Wc2 end-to-end connection, the tie point is A1, wb1 head end and Wa2 end-to-end connection, the tie point is B1, wc1 head end and Wb2 end-to-end connection, the tie point is C1, constitute three electric potential vector and be the wiring of V-arrangement. The connection points A1, B1, and C1 are connected to ac power supply terminals A0, B0, and C0, respectively, through ac switches K1.
The tail ends of the main windings Wa1, wb1 and Wc1 are respectively connected with the points A2, B2 and C2, the head ends of the auxiliary windings Wa2, wb2 and Wc2 are respectively connected with the points A3, B3 and C3, the points A2 and C3, the points B2 and A3, the points C2 and B2 are respectively connected with the auxiliary capacitors C04, C05 and C06, the points A2, B2 and C2 are respectively connected with the main capacitors C01, C02 and C03, and the main capacitors C01, C02 and C03 are connected end to form a triangular wiring. The main capacitors C01, C02 and C03 and the main windings Wa1, wb1 and Wc1 are in zigzag serial connection close to a hysteresis angle of 120 DEG, the auxiliary capacitors C04, C05 and C06 and the auxiliary windings Wa2, wb2 and Wc2 are also in zigzag serial connection, and the two groups of capacitors can generate the effect of being connected in parallel with two ends of the excitation inductance of the motor, so that the number of turns of the main winding and the auxiliary winding can be increased by 5% and 10% compared with the conventional design, and the gap magnetic density of the motor is ensured to be between 0.65T and 0.7T.
When the regulator is fully conducted, the voltages of the main winding and the auxiliary winding are respectively 220V, and the potential phasors are three V shapes; the main capacitor is used for carrying out capacitance internal compensation on the three-phase main winding, and the connection relation between the main capacitor and the auxiliary winding is used for preventing the auxiliary winding from generating excessive current due to abrupt current change when the regulator is rapidly switched on and off. For example, the auxiliary capacitor C06 connected in series with the auxiliary winding Wb2 maintains the voltage value of the terminal B3 to be constant instantaneously, and similarly maintains the voltages of the terminals A3 and C3 to be constant instantaneously; the three main windings can use three auxiliary capacitors to generate instant follow current action on three regulators due to winding leakage inductance; for example, when the regulator is turned off rapidly, the terminal A3 is cut off instantaneously, the current flowing through Wa2 will provide an auxiliary path by the auxiliary capacitor C05, and the windings Wb1 will also change correspondingly, so that the voltage flicker is avoided after the current is cut off by the freewheeling effect of the auxiliary capacitor C05.
The regulator is a three-phase regulator, the three-phase regulator comprises a three-phase rectifier bridge formed by six rectifying tubes D1-D6 and an insulated gate bipolar transistor T1, three alternating current input ends of the three-phase rectifier bridge are respectively connected with connecting points A3, B3 and C3 of a stator auxiliary winding, a direct current positive output end and a direct current auxiliary output end of the three-phase rectifier bridge are respectively connected with a C pole and an E pole of the insulated gate bipolar transistor T1, the G pole is connected with a PWM control link, and meanwhile, the direct current positive output end and the direct current auxiliary output end of the three-phase rectifier bridge are respectively connected with a cathode and an anode of the rectifying tube D7.
The rotor winding comprises three-phase windings Wa3, wb3 and Wc3, one ends of the three-phase windings Wa3, wb3 and Wc3 are connected together, and the other ends of the three-phase windings Wa3, wb3 and Wc3 are respectively connected with stator main winding connection points A3, B3 and C3 through an alternating current switch K2 and are short-circuited through the alternating current switch K3.
When three terminals of the wound rotor are combined with three regulating ends A3, B3 and C3 of the stator winding through an alternating current switch K2 to form a loop, the relatively large difference rate at the initial stage of starting the motor causes the rotor winding to induce a voltage close to the power frequency, the impedance of the rotor winding forms a loop with the power through three phase auxiliary windings of wa2, wb2 and wc2, and part of the impedance forms a loop with the three auxiliary windings through three auxiliary capacitors, but the dominant effect still forms a regulating loop through a regulator, because the mode of the regulator gradually approaching zero of the three phase regulator just corresponds to the heavy-duty starting process and is matched with the heavy-duty starting process.
When the motor starts, the regulator is preset between semi-conduction and full-conduction, and transits to full-conduction in starting, in the gradual conduction process of the regulator, the stator winding becomes the impedance of the rotor winding, the open-circuit rotor winding voltage is gradually transited to zero value by the PWM regulation mode of gradually transiting the three-phase input voltage from 220V to zero value, when the starting is nearly completed, the voltage value between the connection points A3, B3 and C3 is gradually approximate to zero, finally the alternating current switch K3 is closed, the alternating current switch K2 connected with the stator winding is simultaneously opened, the low-current starting process is completed, and the motor runs at the rated rotation speed. The control method of the regulator is the same as that of examples 1 and 2, except that the initial setting is added when the logic operation is performed.
In the three embodiments, rated voltage of the main capacitor and the auxiliary capacitor is 230V-450V, capacity ratio of the main capacitor and the auxiliary capacitor is 5:1-5, and ratio of sum KVA of the capacities of the main capacitor and the auxiliary capacitor to input power KW of the motor is 2-4:5.
the above examples are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and alterations of the technical solution of the present invention will be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, and the modifications and alterations should fall within the protection scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A control method of a regulator of an automatic internal compensation control device of an asynchronous motor capacitor comprises a stator winding, an alternating current power supply, main capacitors C01-C03, auxiliary capacitors C04-C06, a regulator and an alternating current switch K1, wherein the stator winding comprises three-phase main windings Wa1, wb1 and Wc1 and three-phase auxiliary windings Wa2, wb2 and Wc2, the head end of the Wa1 is connected with the tail end of the Wc2, the connection point is A1, the head end of the Wb1 is connected with the tail end of the Wa2, the connection point is C1, three potential phasors are formed into V-shaped connection lines, the tail ends of the main windings Wa1, wb1 and Wc1 are respectively connected with the connection points A2, B2 and C2, the head ends of the secondary windings Wa2, wb2 and Wc2 are respectively connected with connection points A3, B3 and C3, nine connection points A1, B1, C1, A2, B2, C2, A3, B3 and C3 are led out in total to form a basic circuit, the connection points A1, B1 and C1 are respectively connected with alternating current power supply ends A0, B0 and C0 through alternating current switches K1, secondary capacitors C04, C05 and C06 are respectively connected between the connection points A2 and C3, B2 and A3, B3 and C2, the tail ends of the main capacitors C01-C03 and the main windings Wa1, wb1 and Wc1 are connected, and the regulator and the head ends of the secondary windings Wa2, wb2 and Wc2 are controlled by PWM to regulate the voltage and the current of the connection points A3, B3 and C3, and the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first step, the phase voltage and current of the asynchronous motor are respectively sampled by a single-phase transformer and a current transformer,
second, signal conversion is carried out to convert the voltage and current into 5-10V voltage phasors,
third, phase comparison is performed to convert the phase difference between the voltage and current amounts into a signal, and the comparison signal is gradually reduced in phase conversion of the latter by 90 degrees to 0 degrees,
fourth, performing logic operation, performing operation according to the initial setting signal to give a signal of DC value,
and fifthly, pulse width modulation, namely adopting a triangular carrier comparison method with carrier frequency of 5-15KHZ, and when the phase difference between the two is large, the conduction width of an insulated gate bipolar transistor in the regulator is large, otherwise, the conduction width of the insulated gate bipolar transistor in the regulator is small, so that the voltage value of the secondary winding and the capacitance of the secondary capacitor are dynamically regulated, and the automatic internal compensation effect is achieved.
2. The regulator control method of the automatic internal compensation control device of the asynchronous motor capacitor according to claim 1, wherein main capacitors C01, C02 and C03 are respectively connected between the main winding connection points A2 and C1, B2 and A1, C2 and B1, the regulator comprises three single-phase regulators, one single-phase regulator is respectively connected between the main winding connection points A1 and A3, between the auxiliary winding connection points B1 and B3, between the main winding connection points C1 and C3 and between the auxiliary winding connection points C1 and C3, the single-phase regulator comprises a single-phase rectifier bridge formed by four rectifier tubes D1-D4/D5-D8/D9-D12 and an insulated gate bipolar transistor T1/T2/T3, a direct current positive output end and a direct current negative output end of the single-phase rectifier bridge are respectively connected with a C pole and an E pole of the insulated gate bipolar transistor T1/T2/T3, and a direct current positive output end and a direct current negative output end of the single-phase rectifier bridge are respectively connected with a cathode and an anode of the rectifier tube D13/D14/D15.
3. The method for controlling a regulator of an automatic capacitance internal compensation control device for an asynchronous motor according to claim 1, wherein main capacitors C01, C02, C03 are respectively connected between the main winding connection points A2 and C1, B2 and A1, C2 and B1, and the turns ratio of the main winding and the auxiliary winding is ∈3: the voltage phasors of the auxiliary windings are advanced by 30 degrees compared with those of the main windings of the same phase, the regulator is a three-phase regulator, the three-phase regulator comprises a three-phase rectifier bridge formed by six rectifier tubes D1-D6 and an insulated gate bipolar transistor T1, three alternating current input ends of the three-phase rectifier bridge are respectively connected with connection points A3, B3 and C3 of the auxiliary windings of the stator, a direct current positive output end and a direct current negative output end of the three-phase rectifier bridge are respectively connected with a C pole and an E pole of the insulated gate bipolar transistor T1, and meanwhile, a direct current positive output end and a direct current negative output end of the three-phase rectifier bridge are respectively connected with a cathode and an anode of the rectifier tube D7, and in a full-conduction state of the regulator, a phase delta combination circuit is formed.
4. The method for controlling a regulator of an automatic capacitance internal compensation control device for an asynchronous motor according to claim 1, further comprising a rotor winding, alternating current switches K2 and K3,
the main winding connection points A2, B2 and C2 are respectively connected with main capacitors C01, C02 and C03, the main capacitors C01, C02 and C03 are connected end to form a triangle connection,
the three-phase rectifier comprises a three-phase rectifier bridge formed by six rectifying tubes D1-D6 and an insulated gate bipolar transistor T1, three alternating current input ends of the three-phase rectifier bridge are respectively connected with connection points A3, B3 and C3 of a stator auxiliary winding, a direct current positive output end and a direct current negative output end of the three-phase rectifier bridge are respectively connected with a C pole and an E pole of the insulated gate bipolar transistor T1, meanwhile, a direct current positive output end and a direct current negative output end of the three-phase rectifier bridge are respectively connected with a cathode and an anode of a rectifying tube D7, the rotor winding comprises three-phase windings Wa3, wb3 and Wc3, one ends of the three-phase windings Wa3, wb3 and Wc3 are connected together, and the other ends of the three-phase windings Wa3, wb3 and Wc3 are respectively connected with connection points A3, B3 and C3 of a stator main winding through an alternating current switch K2, and meanwhile, and short circuit is realized through the alternating current switch K3.
5. The method of controlling a regulator of an automatic capacitance compensation control apparatus for an asynchronous motor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the ratio of the capacities of the main capacitor and the auxiliary capacitor is 5:1 to 5, and the ratio of the sum of the capacities KVA of the main capacitor and the auxiliary capacitor to the input power KW of the asynchronous motor is 2 to 4:5.
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