CN113722822A - Optimization design method of high-speed rotating wheel disc - Google Patents

Optimization design method of high-speed rotating wheel disc Download PDF

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CN113722822A
CN113722822A CN202111001730.XA CN202111001730A CN113722822A CN 113722822 A CN113722822 A CN 113722822A CN 202111001730 A CN202111001730 A CN 202111001730A CN 113722822 A CN113722822 A CN 113722822A
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董致臻
张文豪
刘国强
周辉
叶荣斌
姚聪迪
黄凯
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Zhejiang Huaqing Aviation Engine Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to an optimization design method of a high-speed rotating wheel disc, which comprises the steps of predetermining an optimization boundary and a pneumatic input model of a web plate, drawing a sector model of the high-speed rotating wheel disc to be designed and an initial shape grid of the wheel disc by combining a matching surface boundary, extracting all boundary nodes of the grid corresponding to the optimization boundary of the web plate by utilizing a boundary search algorithm, performing correlation operation on the relative position relation between all searched boundary nodes and the integral nodes to be optimized of the initial shape grid of the wheel disc, constructing a wheel disc optimization objective function by taking the minimum volume of the high-speed rotating wheel disc and the allowable strength of the high-speed rotating wheel disc as wheel disc optimization design targets, solving the optimal boundary node coordinates of each boundary node on the wheel disc shape grid, and obtaining the optimal shape grid of the high-speed rotating wheel disc according to all the optimal boundary node coordinates, and reconstructing a sector three-dimensional model of the high-speed rotating wheel disc to be designed. And obtaining the whole model of the wheel disc as the optimal wheel disc structure of the high-speed rotating wheel disc to be designed through the array sector three-dimensional model.

Description

Optimization design method of high-speed rotating wheel disc
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aviation equipment design, in particular to an optimal design method of a high-speed rotating wheel disc.
Background
In the field of design of aircraft equipment, rotating parts such as fan rotors, compressor rotors and turbine rotors of aircraft engines are usually in a disk structure. When the aircraft engine is running, the structure is often in a working environment of high-speed rotation. In order to improve the performance of the wheel disc structure, it is required to have a small volume (mass) and a high strength. In the design of an aircraft engine wheel disc, the comprehensive performance of the wheel disc is improved by adopting a wheel disc optimization design method with the minimum volume (mass) of the wheel disc as a design target on the premise of ensuring the strength of the wheel disc. The traditional optimization design method of the wheel disc structure mainly comprises an optimization method aiming at the parameters of the wheel disc structure and a topological optimization method aiming at the shape of the wheel disc.
However, the currently adopted optimal design method of the wheel disc has some problems: firstly, the optimization method for the wheel disc structure parameters takes specific wheel disc structure size parameters as optimization objects, and a proxy model (such as a response surface function, a neural network model and the like) needs to be constructed to establish a functional relation between the wheel disc structure size and an optimization target, so that the solving precision of the wheel disc structure size is easily reduced, and only the numerical value of the wheel disc structure size can be adjusted, and the shape of the wheel disc cannot be freely adjusted. Secondly, although the optimal wheel disc shape can be freely generated by the topological optimization method for the wheel disc shape, the requirement on the mesh is high, so that the continuity of the model boundary in the topological optimization process is poor, and the solving precision of the wheel disc shape is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an optimal design method of a high-speed rotating wheel disc aiming at the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: an optimal design method of a high-speed rotating wheel disc is characterized by comprising the following steps of 1-7:
step 1, predetermining a design boundary of a high-speed rotating wheel disc to be designed in an engine and an optimized boundary of a spoke plate in the high-speed rotating wheel disc; designing a high-speed rotating wheel disc model according to the pneumatic input model and the matching surface boundary of the high-speed rotating wheel disc, and performing sector segmentation on the wheel disc according to the number of blades of the wheel disc;
step 2, drawing an initial shape grid of the sector of the high-speed rotating wheel disc to be designed, and outputting a node information set on the initial shape grid; the node information set comprises node information of each node on the initial shape grid, and the node information comprises a node number of a corresponding node and a coordinate value corresponding to the node number; in the node information set, all node information on the sector end face of the initial shape grid is independently output as a set; the pneumatic input model comprises a pneumatic blade profile and a flow channel model corresponding to the pneumatic blade profile; the boundary of the matching surface is the boundary of the matching surface which is positioned on the high-speed rotating wheel disc and is matched with the internal part of the engine to be installed;
step 3, extracting all boundary nodes of the optimized boundary of the spoke plate corresponding to the drawn initial shape grid;
step 4, performing correlation operation on the relative position relation between all extracted boundary nodes and nodes in the optimized area where the initial shape grid is drawn, so that the coordinates of the nodes in the optimized area change along with the coordinate change of the boundary nodes; wherein, the nodes in the optimized region are all nodes in the corresponding web plate on the drawn initial shape grid; replacing node coordinates of grids corresponding to the web optimization area in all nodes with node coordinates obtained by performing correlation operation on border nodes after iteration;
step 5, inputting all the node coordinates, the material parameters, the loads and the constraint boundary conditions into finite element software, and respectively calculating the volume and the strength of the wheel disc; constructing a fitness function of the optimization method by taking the minimized volume of the high-speed rotating wheel disc and the allowable strength of the high-speed rotating wheel disc as the optimization design target of the wheel disc;
step 6, using the fitness function as a wheel disc optimization target function, and performing value optimization on boundary node coordinates of the grid model according to a target function calculation result; smoothing the boundary of the grid model according to the distribution condition of the optimized boundary nodes, and realizing the strategy optimization of the boundary node coordinates; repeatedly and iteratively executing the step 4 and the step 5 until the wheel disc optimization target function is converged to obtain the coordinates of all the optimal boundary nodes;
step 7, taking the wheel disc shape grids corresponding to all the optimal boundary node coordinates as the wheel disc optimal shape grids; and reconstructing the three-dimensional model of the high-speed rotating wheel disc to be designed according to the optimal shape grid of the wheel disc, and arraying the reconstructed three-dimensional model along the circumferential direction of the wheel disc to obtain the optimal wheel disc structure of the high-speed rotating wheel disc to be designed.
Optionally, in the method for optimally designing a high-speed rotating disk, in step 3, all boundary nodes of the optimized boundary of the web are extracted by using a boundary node search algorithm or a manual method.
Preferably, in the method for optimally designing the high-speed rotating wheel disc, the process of extracting all boundary nodes corresponding to the optimized boundary of the web plate in the initial shape grid by using the boundary node search algorithm includes the following steps 31-35:
step 31, converting the cartesian coordinates of all the nodes on the drawn initial shape grid into cylindrical coordinates; wherein, assuming that the total number of nodes on the drawn initial shape grid is marked as N, the Cartesian coordinate of the nth node on the initial shape grid is marked as (X)n,Yn,Zn) N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N; after coordinate conversion, the column coordinate of the nth node is marked as (theta)n,Rn,Zn)，θnIs the circumferential radian, R, corresponding to the nth node in a cylindrical coordinate systemnIs the node radius, Z, corresponding to the nth node in the cylindrical coordinate systemnThe position of the nth node along the axis Z in the cylindrical coordinate system;
step 32, setting a first reference point in the range of the preset left boundary search area, and setting a second reference point in the range of the preset right boundary search area; the preset left boundary search area range is a search area for all left boundary nodes on the initial shape grid, and the preset right boundary search area range is a search area for all right boundary nodes on the initial shape grid;
step 33, calculating radial coordinate reference values of all left boundary nodes of the initial shape grid in the radial direction R in the cylindrical coordinate system and radial coordinate reference values of all right boundary nodes in the radial direction R in the cylindrical coordinate system according to the number of grid layers of the initial shape grid in the preset search area range in the radial direction R;
step 34, acquiring Euclidean distances from all end face nodes in a preset search area range to a first reference point and a second reference point respectively;
and step 35, extracting boundary nodes which are within a range of +/-0.5 times of the sum of the average distance of the left boundary nodes and the radial coordinate reference value of the left boundary R or within a range of +/-0.5 times of the sum of the average distance of the right boundary nodes and the radial coordinate reference value of the right boundary R and have the minimum Euclidean distance with the reference point on the corresponding side as the boundary nodes of the optimized boundary of the spoke plate corresponding to the drawn initial shape grid according to the radial coordinate reference values of all the left boundary nodes and all the right boundary nodes obtained in the step 33.
Still further, in the optimum design method for a high-speed rotating disk, the cylindrical coordinates of the first reference point are (0, R)1,Z1) The cylindrical coordinates of the second reference point are (0, R)2,Z2)，Z1＝min{zn}，Z2＝max{zn}，{znN is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, min { z }represents a sequence formed by axial coordinate values of all nodes in a preset search area rangenDenotes the sequence znMinimum of all axial coordinate values in, max znDenotes the sequence znMaximum value of all axial coordinate values in the block;
Figure BDA0003235671260000031
R1,minis the minimum value of the preset left boundary search area range, R1,maxFor presetting the maximum value of the left boundary search region range, R2,minFor a preset minimum value of the right boundary search area range, R2,maxThe maximum value of the search area range of the right boundary is preset.
In step 4, a node association algorithm is used for performing association operation on the relative position relations between all extracted boundary nodes and nodes in an optimized area where the initial shape grid is drawn; the correlation operation process comprises the following steps 41-46:
step 41, obtaining an end face node number matrix of all nodes in an optimized area on the end face of the sector of the initial shape grid according to the obtained boundary node number and the corresponding coordinate;
step 42, obtaining a body node number matrix of a body grid corresponding to the initial shape grid according to the obtained end face node number matrix;
step 43, acquiring the R coordinate value and the Z coordinate value of each node of the end face in the end face node number matrix according to the R coordinate value and the Z coordinate value of the boundary node;
step 44, calculating the circumferential displacement increment of each layer of nodes according to the maximum value of the circumferential coordinates in the initial shape grid and the circumferential grid layer numerical value, and obtaining circumferential radian coordinates of each layer of nodes in the circumferential direction;
step 45, obtaining the column coordinates of each node in the optimized area according to the obtained R coordinate value and Z coordinate value of the end face node and the radian coordinates of each layer of nodes of the volume grid along the circumferential direction;
and step 46, matching the obtained column coordinates of all the nodes with the corresponding node numbers in the body node number matrix in the step 42 to obtain an updated column coordinate table of all the node information in the optimized area, and converting the column coordinate table into a Cartesian coordinate table.
In a further improvement, in the method for optimally designing a high-speed rotating wheel disc, in step 5, the process of constructing a wheel disc optimization objective function based on a finite element method includes the following steps 51 to 52:
step 51, importing all the node coordinates obtained in the step 4 into finite element software, setting boundary conditions and material parameters for simulating the working environment of the high-speed rotating wheel disc to be designed, and obtaining a volume value, a spoke plate stress value and a disc center stress value of the high-speed rotating wheel disc corresponding to the boundary conditions through finite element calculation;
step 52, substituting the volume value, the spoke plate stress value and the disk center stress value of the high-speed rotating wheel disk into a fitness function formula to obtain a fitness value of the high-speed rotating wheel disk to be designed; the fitness function is a wheel disc optimization target function, and the fitness value of the high-speed rotating wheel disc to be designed is marked as Fit:
Fit＝Vdisc·0.06+0.5·(σbody-σlimb)2+0.5·(σroot-σlimr)2；
wherein, VdiscRepresenting the volume value, σ, corresponding to the boundary condition of the high-speed rotating disk to be designedbodyFor the web stress value, σ, corresponding to the boundary condition of the high-speed rotating disk to be designedlimbFor the optimum target value, sigma, of the web stress corresponding to the high-speed rotating disk to be designed under the boundary conditionrootIs to be treatedCenter stress value, sigma, of a designed high-speed rotating disklimrThe optimal target value of the stress of the center of the disk of the high-speed rotating wheel disk to be designed is obtained.
Further, the target value σ is optimized by the weblimbAnd the center of the disk optimization target value sigmalimrThe introduction of (2) enables the strength of the optimized wheel disc to approach the allowable strength to the maximum extent.
In the optimization design method of the high-speed rotating wheel disc, in step 6, the optimization objective function of the wheel disc is converged by using a particle swarm algorithm through repeated iterative computation; after the algorithm is converged, obtaining the optimal boundary node coordinates of each boundary node corresponding to the wheel disc optimization design target; the iterative computation process executed each time by utilizing the particle swarm algorithm comprises the following steps 61-63:
step 61, comparing and judging the current fitness value of the particle vector with the historical best fitness value of the particle to determine whether to save the current particle vector as the historical best vector of the particle:
when the determination determines to update, the current particle vector is saved as the optimal particle history vector, and then the step 62 is performed; otherwise, the historical optimal vector of the particle is not changed, and the step 63 is carried out to update the position of the particle and carry out the next iterative computation process;
step 62, comparing and judging the current fitness value of the particle vector with the global historical best fitness value of the particle to determine whether to save the current particle vector as the global historical best vector:
when the judgment determines to store, the current particle vector is stored as the optimal vector of the global history, the step 63 is carried out to update the particle position, and the step is carried out to execute the next iterative computation process; otherwise, the global historical optimal vector is not changed, the step 63 is carried out to update the particle position, and the next iterative computation process is carried out; the position corresponding to the particle vector stored as the global historical optimal vector is the coordinate of the optimal boundary node of the boundary node on the wheel disc shaped grid along the Z-axis direction under the current iteration times;
step 63, updating the particle position; wherein, the updating formula corresponding to the particle vector is as follows:
Figure BDA0003235671260000051
Figure BDA0003235671260000052
wherein i is a particle index, i is 1,2, …, M; k is the current number of iterations,
Figure BDA0003235671260000053
the velocity of the d-dimension component of the flight velocity vector of the ith particle in the Kth iteration is taken as the velocity of the ith particle;
Figure BDA0003235671260000054
the position of the d-dimension component of the flight velocity vector of the ith particle in the Kth iteration is taken as the position of the ith particle;
Figure BDA0003235671260000055
a d-dimension component of an individual optimal solution for the i-th particle;
Figure BDA0003235671260000056
d-dimension component of the optimal solution of the population; c. C1And c2Are respectively corresponding learning factors, r1And r2Respectively are random numbers with the value range of (0, 1); wherein, the position
Figure BDA0003235671260000057
Namely the coordinate value of the boundary node along the Z-axis direction.
Further, after the updating of the particle vector position in step 63 is completed, the boundary movement strategy of the minimized volume is used to perform strategy updating on the particle vector position according to the structural characteristics of the wheel disc, and the strategy updating formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003235671260000058
id≤Glthe number of (2);
Figure BDA0003235671260000059
id>Glthe number of (2);
i is the particle index, i is 1,2, …, M; glRepresents the left boundary node, r3Expressed as random numbers with a range of values within (0, 1).
Further, in the optimal design method of the high-speed rotating wheel disc, in step 7, according to the obtained optimal shape grids of the wheel disc corresponding to all the optimal boundary node coordinates, a three-dimensional model of the sector of the high-speed rotating wheel disc to be designed is reconstructed by using third-party drawing software, and the model of the sector of the wheel disc is arrayed along the circumferential direction of the wheel disc, so that the three-dimensional model of the high-speed rotating wheel disc is obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
firstly, the high-speed rotating wheel disc takes local node coordinates in the high-speed rotating wheel disc grid as an optimization design variable, and the wheel disc is not provided with preset contour characteristics in the optimization design process, so that the degree of freedom in the optimization of the wheel disc shape is effectively improved; in addition, the wheel disc shape is optimized by adopting a local node (namely a node of a region to be optimized) updating mode, so that the total number of nodes needing to be moved is reduced, and the calculated amount is reduced; in addition, the invention also adds a fairing algorithm and a boundary moving strategy of minimized volume aiming at the structural characteristics of the wheel disc, thereby accelerating the convergence of the optimization target function;
secondly, because the grid boundary nodes corresponding to the optimized boundary of the spoke plate are used as direct optimization objects, the model boundary in the optimization process is closer to the actual model of the wheel disc, so that the obtained actual model has better boundary continuity, the model after grid reconstruction is conveniently and directly used as a guide standard for processing production in the subsequent engineering link, the workload is reduced, and the working efficiency is improved;
finally, the high-speed rotating wheel disc optimization design method of the invention directly utilizes the boundary node coordinate mapping to obtain the volume grid node coordinate of the area to be optimized, thus effectively limiting the number of nodes to be updated, reducing the grid updating calculation amount, and combining with the finite element calculation method to construct the wheel disc optimization objective function, further reconstructing the sector three-dimensional model of the high-speed rotating wheel disc to be designed by the optimal boundary node coordinate of each boundary node on the wheel disc shape grid corresponding to the wheel disc optimization objective function when convergence is achieved, and arraying the reconstructed sector three-dimensional model along the wheel disc circumferential direction as the optimal wheel disc structure of the high-speed rotating wheel disc to be designed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an optimal design method of a high-speed rotating wheel disc according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a blade model and a runner model in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a high speed rotary disk to be designed in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an initial shape mesh of a wheel disc according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the initial shape mesh of the wheel disc and the calculation result of the corresponding strength (corresponding strength unit: MPa);
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the calculation results of the optimal shape mesh and the corresponding strength of the wheel disc (corresponding strength unit: MPa);
FIG. 7 is a convergence graph of the method for optimizing the design of a high speed rotating disk in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the boundaries of a web of a high speed rotating disk before and after optimization in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying examples.
The embodiment provides an optimal design method of a high-speed rotating wheel disc. Specifically, referring to fig. 1, the optimal design method for the high-speed rotating wheel disc of the embodiment includes the following steps 1 to 7:
step 1, predetermining a design boundary of a high-speed rotating wheel disc to be designed in an engine and an optimized boundary of a spoke plate in the high-speed rotating wheel disc; designing a high-speed rotating wheel disc model according to the pneumatic input model and the matching surface boundary of the high-speed rotating wheel disc, and performing sector segmentation on the wheel disc according to the number of blades of the wheel disc;
the pneumatic input model in this embodiment includes a pneumatic vane model 1 and a flow channel model 2 corresponding to the pneumatic vane model 1, and the vane model 1 and the flow channel model 2 are shown in fig. 2; the boundary of the matching surface is the boundary of the matching surface which is positioned on the high-speed rotating wheel disc and is matched with the internal part of the engine to be installed; a cross-sectional view of the high speed rotary disk to be designed in this embodiment is shown in FIG. 3, where the disk boundary is point A1、B1、C1、D1And E1Left side curve formed and point A2、B2、C2、D2And E2The resulting right curve; wherein, the boundary to be optimized at the spoke plate is a left curve at a point B1To point D1Curve segment within the range and curve to the right of point at point B2And D2A curve segment within the range;
step 2, drawing an initial shape grid of the sector of the high-speed rotating wheel disc to be designed, and outputting a node information set on the initial shape grid; the node information set comprises node information of each node on the initial shape grid, and the node information comprises a node number of a corresponding node and a coordinate value corresponding to the node number; in the node information set, all node information on the sector end face of the initial shape grid is independently output as a set; the initial shape grid of the sector of the high-speed rotating wheel disc to be designed is shown in figure 4;
step 3, extracting all boundary nodes of the optimized boundary of the web plate corresponding to the drawn initial shape grid by using a boundary node search algorithm; in the embodiment, the process of extracting all boundary nodes of the optimized boundary of the web plate by using the boundary node search algorithm includes the following steps 31-35:
step 31, converting the cartesian coordinates of all the nodes on the drawn initial shape grid into cylindrical coordinates; wherein a section on the drawn initial shape mesh is assumedThe total number of points is labeled N, and the Cartesian coordinate of the nth node on the initial shape grid is labeled (X)n,Yn,Zn) N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N; after coordinate conversion, the column coordinate of the nth node is marked as (theta)n,Rn,Zn)，θnIs the circumferential radian, R, corresponding to the nth node in a cylindrical coordinate systemnIs the node radius, Z, corresponding to the nth node in the cylindrical coordinate systemnThe position of the nth node along the axis Z in the cylindrical coordinate system;
step 32, setting a first reference point in the range of the preset left boundary search area, and setting a second reference point in the range of the preset right boundary search area; the preset left boundary search area range is a search area for all left boundary nodes on the initial shape grid, and the preset right boundary search area range is a search area for all right boundary nodes on the initial shape grid;
wherein the cylindrical coordinates of the first reference point are (0, R)1,Z1) The cylindrical coordinates of the second reference point are (0, R)2,Z2)，Z1＝min{zn}，Z2＝max{zn}，{znN is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N1，min{znDenotes the sequence znMinimum of all axial coordinate values in, max znDenotes the sequence znMaximum value of all axial coordinate values in the block;
Figure BDA0003235671260000071
R1,minis the minimum value of the preset left boundary search area range, R1,maxFor presetting the maximum value of the left boundary search region range, R2,minFor a preset minimum value of the right boundary search area range, R2,maxSearching the maximum value of the area range for the preset right boundary;
step 33, calculating radial coordinate reference values of all left boundary nodes of the initial shape grid in the radial direction R in the cylindrical coordinate system and radial coordinate reference values of all right boundary nodes in the radial direction R in the cylindrical coordinate system according to the number of grid layers of the initial shape grid in the preset search area range in the radial direction R;
in this embodiment:
for the left boundary node of the initial shape grid of the wheel disc, the radial coordinate reference value of the left boundary node on the radial R in the cylindrical coordinate system is marked as Ri,l：
Ri,l＝R1,min+ΔRl×(i-1)；
Figure BDA0003235671260000081
1,2, …, M + 1; i is the node number of the left boundary node on the initial shape grid, and M is the grid layer number of the initial shape grid in the preset search area range along the radial direction R;
for the right boundary node of the initial shape grid, the radial coordinate reference value of the right boundary node on the radial R in the cylindrical coordinate system is marked as Ri,r：
Ri,r＝R2,min+ΔRr×(i-1)；
Figure BDA0003235671260000082
1,2, …, M + 1; i is the node number of the right boundary node on the initial shape grid;
step 34, acquiring Euclidean distances from all end face nodes in a preset search area range to a first reference point and a second reference point respectively; the calculation for the Euclidean distance belongs to a conventional method, and is not described herein again;
and step 35, extracting boundary nodes which meet the condition that the boundary nodes have the minimum Euclidean distance with the reference point on the corresponding side are used as the boundary nodes of the optimized boundary of the spoke plate within the interval of +/-0.5 times of the sum of the average distance of the left boundary nodes and the reference value of the R radial coordinate of the left boundary or +/-0.5 times of the sum of the average distance of the right boundary nodes and the reference value of the R radial coordinate of the right boundary according to the reference values of the radial coordinates of all the left boundary nodes and all the right boundary nodes obtained in the step 33.
For example, assume that in the interval [ R ]2,l-0.5ΔRl,R2,l+0.5ΔRl]Only one such node is present in the interval, then the minimum Euclidean distance D in the interval is selectedi,lAs the optimized boundary of the web plate, the boundary node of (b) corresponds to the boundary node of the end face of the drawn initial shape mesh. Thus, R is3,l～RM,lAre computed over and over in the manner described above, resulting in a plurality of such left-side border nodes.
Likewise, for the right boundary node, the calculation is also performed in a traversal manner in the same manner as described above, so that a plurality of such right boundary nodes are obtained; assuming that the number M of mesh layers in this embodiment is 13, and assuming that the above calculation is performed, a left boundary node list in the following table 1 is obtained, where the end face θ is 0, and a right boundary node list in the following table 2 is obtained, where the end face θ is 0:
Figure BDA0003235671260000083
Figure BDA0003235671260000091
TABLE 1
Node numbering R Z
779 93.981 8.841
800 89.429 6.300
807 84.186 6.129
810 78.930 6.442
833 74.642 7.620
836 70.373 8.929
816 65.901 9.187
815 61.422 9.343
819 56.952 9.219
822 52.579 8.245
858 48.107 7.986
844 43.683 8.635
843 39.642 10.544
846 36.343 13.560
TABLE 2
Wherein, in this embodiment, the number of mesh layers on the initial shape mesh and any numerical values associated with the number of mesh layers are assumed to be known; specifically, since the total number of boundary nodes of the initial shape mesh is already set when the initial shape mesh of the high-speed rotating wheel disc is drawn, the step 33 herein mainly obtains coordinate values of each boundary node or a general reference coordinate value to ensure that a node exists near the reference coordinate value; then based on the reference value, combining with the Euclidean distance value in step 34, finding the node number according to step 35, and obtaining the accurate coordinate value of the node by indexing the node number in the initial grid node information;
of course, in step 3, all boundary nodes corresponding to the end face of the drawn initial shape mesh of the optimized boundary of the web plate can be extracted by a manual method according to needs;
step 4, performing correlation operation on the relative position relation between all extracted boundary nodes and nodes in the optimization area where the initial shape grid is drawn by using a node correlation algorithm, so that the coordinates of the nodes in the optimization area change along with the coordinate change of the boundary nodes; wherein, the nodes in the optimized region are all nodes in the corresponding web plate on the drawn initial shape grid; replacing node coordinates of grids corresponding to the web optimization area in all nodes with node coordinates obtained by performing correlation operation on border nodes after iteration; specifically, the process of the association operation comprises the following steps 41-46:
step 41, obtaining an end face node number matrix of all nodes on the sector end face of the initial shape grid according to the obtained boundary node number and the corresponding coordinate; wherein, the end node number matrix here is shown in table 3:
left boundary node numbering Intermediate node numbering Intermediate node numbering Intermediate node numbering Right boundary node numbering
786 787 782 778 779
796 797 798 799 800
805 802 801 808 807
806 803 804 809 810
837 838 831 832 833
839 840 834 835 836
823 826 811 814 816
824 825 812 813 815
827 828 817 818 819
829 830 820 821 822
859 860 856 857 858
853 850 847 841 844
854 851 848 842 843
855 852 849 845 846
TABLE 3
Step 42, obtaining a body node number matrix of a body grid corresponding to the initial shape grid according to the obtained end face node number matrix; wherein, the body node number matrix of the region to be optimized in this case is shown in table 4:
first layer Second layer … The sixth layer
786 633 480
796 643 490
805 652 499
806 653 500
837 684 531
839 686 533
823 670 517
824 671 518
827 674 521
829 676 523
859 706 553
853 700 547
854 701 548
855 702 549
787 634 481
797 644 491
…
TABLE 4
Step 43, acquiring the R coordinate value and the Z coordinate value of each node of the end face in the end face node number matrix according to the R coordinate value and the Z coordinate value of the boundary node; wherein, the R coordinate matrix formed by the obtained R coordinate values is shown in Table 5, and the Z coordinate matrix formed by the obtained Z coordinate values is shown in Table 6:
Figure BDA0003235671260000111
TABLE 5
Figure BDA0003235671260000112
TABLE 6
It can be seen that tables 5 and 6 are the same in scale, both being (14 × 5 matrix); the R values and the Z values of all rows and columns in the matrix respectively correspond to the node numbers in the table 3; when the boundary node coordinates are changed, the new coordinates are given to the numbered nodes through the mapping;
step 44, calculating the circumferential displacement increment of each layer of nodes according to the maximum value of the circumferential coordinates in the initial shape grid and the circumferential grid layer numerical value, and obtaining circumferential radian coordinates of each layer of nodes in the circumferential direction;
according to the formula
Figure BDA0003235671260000121
Calculation, from the initial value 0, θ of the circumferential coordinateT0.175rad (i.e., 10 °) and 5 circumferential layer numbers K, the calculated circumferential increment Δ θ is 0.035rad, and the circumferential radian coordinate of each layer node in the circumferential direction is obtained as θc＝{0，0.035，0.07，0.105，0.140，0.175}；θcΔ θ × (c-1), c ═ 1,2, …, K + 1; c is a circumferential node layer number;
step 45, obtaining the column coordinates of each node in the optimized area according to the obtained R coordinate value and Z coordinate value of the end face node and the radian coordinates of each layer of nodes of the volume grid along the circumferential direction; wherein the cylindrical coordinate of the node in the optimization area is (theta)c,Rmk,Zmk)；RmkR coordinate value, Z, representing the end face node obtained in step 43mkZ-coordinate value, theta, representing the end node obtained in step 43cThe circumferential radian coordinate value corresponding to the end face node is obtained;
and step 46, matching the obtained column coordinates of all the nodes with the corresponding node numbers in the body node number matrix in the step 42 to obtain an updated column coordinate table (n, theta, R, Z) of all the node information in the optimized area, and converting the column coordinate table into a Cartesian coordinate table (n, X, Y, Z).
Assuming that the rotating speed of the high-speed rotating wheel disc to be optimally designed is 34900rpm, the temperature of a working environment is 100 ℃, the number of blades on the high-speed rotating wheel disc is 36, and the blades adopt a flat plate type structure; the inner diameter of the high-speed rotating wheel disc is 50mm, and the span of the front end positioning surface and the rear end positioning surface is 60 mm; the material used for the high-speed rotating wheel disc is 7075 aluminum alloy, and the density of the material is 2700kg/m3Elastic modulus 67GPa, Poisson's ratio 0.33, yield strength sigma of the material at 100 DEG C0.2450MPa, the maximum stress is required to be ensured at sigma for ensuring the safe operation of the wheel disc0.2Less than 80%, i.e. 340 MPa;
step 5, inputting all the node coordinates, the material parameters, the loads and the constraint boundary conditions into finite element software, and respectively calculating the volume and the strength of the wheel disc; constructing a fitness function of the optimization method by taking the minimized volume of the high-speed rotating wheel disc and the allowable strength of the high-speed rotating wheel disc as the optimization design target of the wheel disc; the process of constructing the wheel disc optimization objective function based on the finite element method comprises the following steps 51-52:
step 51, importing all the node coordinates obtained in the step 4 into finite element software, setting boundary conditions and material parameters for simulating the working environment of the high-speed rotating wheel disc to be designed, and obtaining a volume value, a spoke plate stress value and a disc center stress value of the high-speed rotating wheel disc corresponding to the boundary conditions through finite element calculation;
step 52, substituting the volume value, the spoke plate stress value and the disk center stress value of the high-speed rotating wheel disk into a fitness function formula to obtain a fitness value of the high-speed rotating wheel disk to be designed; the fitness function is a wheel disc optimization target function, and the fitness value of the high-speed rotating wheel disc to be designed is marked as Fit:
Fit＝Vdisc·0.06+0.5·(σbody-σlimb)2+0.5·(σroot-σlimr)2；
wherein, VdiscRepresenting the volume value, σ, corresponding to the boundary condition of the high-speed rotating disk to be designedbodyFor the web stress value, σ, corresponding to the boundary condition of the high-speed rotating disk to be designedlimbFor the optimum target value, sigma, of the web stress corresponding to the high-speed rotating disk to be designed under the boundary conditionrootFor the value of the stress of the centre of the disc, sigma, to be designed for high-speed rotary discslimrThe optimal target value of the stress of the center of the disk of the high-speed rotating wheel disk to be designed is obtained.
Step 6, using the fitness function as a wheel disc optimization target function, and performing value optimization on boundary node coordinates of the grid model according to a target function calculation result; smoothing the boundary of the grid model according to the distribution condition of the optimized boundary nodes, and realizing the strategy optimization of the boundary node coordinates; repeatedly and iteratively executing the step 4 and the step 5 until the wheel disc optimization target function is converged to obtain the coordinates of all the optimal boundary nodes; the iterative computation process executed each time by utilizing the particle swarm algorithm comprises the following steps 61-63:
step 61, comparing and judging the current fitness value of the particle vector with the historical best fitness value of the particle to determine whether to save the current particle vector as the historical best vector of the particle:
when the determination determines to update, the current particle vector is saved as the optimal particle history vector, and then the step 62 is performed; otherwise, the historical optimal vector of the particle is not changed, and the step 63 is carried out to update the position of the particle and carry out the next iterative computation process;
step 62, comparing and judging the current fitness value of the particle vector with the global historical best fitness value of the particle to determine whether to save the current particle vector as the global historical best vector:
when the judgment determines to store, the current particle vector is stored as the optimal vector of the global history, the step 63 is carried out to update the particle position, and the step is carried out to execute the next iterative computation process; otherwise, the global historical optimal vector is not changed, the step 63 is carried out to update the particle position, and the next iterative computation process is carried out; the position corresponding to the particle vector stored as the global history optimal vector is the optimal boundary particle position of the boundary node on the wheel disc shaped grid under the current iteration times;
step 63, in this embodiment, the update formula corresponding to the particle vector is as follows:
Figure BDA0003235671260000131
Figure BDA0003235671260000132
wherein i is a particle index, i is 1,2, …, M; k is the current number of iterations,
Figure BDA0003235671260000133
the velocity of the d-dimension component of the flight velocity vector of the ith particle in the Kth iteration is taken as the velocity of the ith particle;
Figure BDA0003235671260000134
the position of the d-dimension component of the flight velocity vector of the ith particle in the Kth iteration is taken as the position of the ith particle;
Figure BDA0003235671260000135
a d-dimension component of an individual optimal solution for the i-th particle;
Figure BDA0003235671260000136
d-dimension component of the optimal solution of the population; c. C1And c2Respectively corresponding learning factors, e.g. the embodiment will learn factor c1Set to 1.9, learning factor c2Set to 2.0; r is1And r2Respectively are random numbers with the value range of (0, 1); wherein, the position
Figure BDA0003235671260000137
The coordinate value of the boundary node along the Z-axis direction is obtained;
in this embodiment, the particle swarm optimization algorithm parameter setting conditions are as follows:
initial inertial weight ωmax0.9, final inertial weight ωmin0.4; the size M of the particle group is 50; the maximum number of iterations is set to 500; velocity of flight of particles
Figure BDA0003235671260000141
Has an upper boundary of 1 and a lower boundary of-1;
determining design variables
Figure BDA0003235671260000142
Figure BDA0003235671260000143
In (d ═ 1,2, …, GlNumber of) is left border node GlThe Z coordinate corresponding to the nodes from large to small in the R direction,
Figure BDA0003235671260000144
in (d ═ G)lThe number of (2) +1, GlNumber of (2) + …, GlNumber of + right border node GrNumber of nodes) is the Z coordinate corresponding to the nodes from large to small along the R direction of the right boundary node; the variable is
Figure BDA0003235671260000145
The upper bound of (2) is left bound Z is 0, and the initial value of right bound Z is + 0.5; and, the variable
Figure BDA0003235671260000146
The lower boundary of (1) is the initial value of-0.5 of the left boundary, and the right boundary Z is 0;
on the basis, further, after the updating of the particle vector position in step 63 is completed, the boundary movement strategy of the minimized volume is used, and the strategy updating formula is as follows according to the structural characteristics of the wheel disc:
Figure BDA0003235671260000147
id≤Glthe number of (2);
Figure BDA0003235671260000148
id>Glthe number of (2);
i is the particle index, i is 1,2, …, M; glRepresenting a left border node; r is3Expressed as random numbers with a range of values within (0, 1).
In the embodiment, a singular spectrum analysis algorithm is used to perform fairing on the set of left boundary nodes and the set of right boundary nodes respectively, and the setting conditions of the algorithm parameters are as follows:
the window length L is 10, and the grouping parameter I is 2;
step 7, taking the wheel disc shape grids corresponding to all the optimal boundary node coordinates as the wheel disc optimal shape grids; and reconstructing the three-dimensional model of the high-speed rotating wheel disc to be designed according to the optimal shape grid of the wheel disc, and arraying the reconstructed three-dimensional model along the circumferential direction of the wheel disc to obtain the optimal wheel disc structure of the high-speed rotating wheel disc to be designed. After the optimization method in this embodiment is executed, the left boundary node information after optimization is shown in table 7, and the right boundary node information is shown in table 8:
Figure BDA0003235671260000149
Figure BDA0003235671260000151
TABLE 7
Node numbering R Z
779 93.981 6.341
800 89.429 3.537
807 84.186 2.792
810 78.930 3.491
833 74.642 2.918
836 70.373 3.259
816 65.901 3.170
815 61.422 3.691
819 56.952 4.955
822 52.579 5.215
858 48.107 5.492
844 43.683 8.605
843 39.642 9.823
846 36.343 11.670
TABLE 8
The initial shape mesh and the corresponding strength calculation result of the wheel disc are shown in fig. 5, and the optimal shape mesh and the corresponding strength calculation result of the wheel disc are shown in fig. 6.
In the embodiment, the wheel disc shape is optimized by adopting a local node (to-be-optimized area node) updating mode, so that the total number of the nodes needing to be moved is reduced, and the calculated amount is reduced; in addition, as shown in fig. 7, the fairing algorithm and the boundary moving strategy for minimizing the volume are added according to the structural characteristics of the wheel disc, so that the convergence of the optimization objective function can be effectively accelerated. Where FIG. 8 shows the web of a high speed rotating disk compared to the optimized boundary shape before optimization.
Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail hereinabove, it should be clearly understood that modifications and variations of the present invention are possible to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. An optimal design method of a high-speed rotating wheel disc is characterized by comprising the following steps of 1-7:
step 1, predetermining a design boundary of a high-speed rotating wheel disc to be designed in an engine and an optimized boundary of a spoke plate in the high-speed rotating wheel disc; designing a high-speed rotating wheel disc model according to the pneumatic input model and the matching surface boundary of the high-speed rotating wheel disc, and performing sector segmentation on the wheel disc according to the number of blades of the wheel disc;
step 2, drawing an initial shape grid of the sector of the high-speed rotating wheel disc to be designed, and outputting a node information set on the initial shape grid; the node information set comprises node information of each node on the initial shape grid, and the node information comprises a node number of a corresponding node and a coordinate value corresponding to the node number; in the node information set, all node information on the sector end face of the initial shape grid is independently output as a set; the pneumatic input model comprises a pneumatic blade profile and a flow channel model corresponding to the pneumatic blade profile; the boundary of the matching surface is the boundary of the matching surface which is positioned on the high-speed rotating wheel disc and is matched with the internal part of the engine to be installed;
step 3, extracting all boundary nodes of the optimized boundary of the spoke plate corresponding to the drawn initial shape grid;
step 4, performing correlation operation on the relative position relation between all extracted boundary nodes and nodes in the optimized area where the initial shape grid is drawn, so that the coordinates of the nodes in the optimized area change along with the coordinate change of the boundary nodes; wherein, the nodes in the optimized region are all nodes in the corresponding web plate on the drawn initial shape grid; replacing node coordinates of grids corresponding to the web optimization area in all nodes with node coordinates obtained by performing correlation operation on border nodes after iteration;
step 5, inputting all the node coordinates, the material parameters, the loads and the constraint boundary conditions into finite element software, and respectively calculating the volume and the strength of the wheel disc; constructing a fitness function of the optimization method by taking the minimized volume of the high-speed rotating wheel disc and the allowable strength of the high-speed rotating wheel disc as the optimization design target of the wheel disc;
step 6, using the fitness function as a wheel disc optimization target function, and performing value optimization on boundary node coordinates of the grid model according to a target function calculation result; smoothing the boundary of the grid model according to the distribution condition of the optimized boundary nodes, and realizing the strategy optimization of the boundary node coordinates; repeatedly and iteratively executing the step 4 and the step 5 until the wheel disc optimization target function is converged to obtain the coordinates of all the optimal boundary nodes;
step 7, taking the wheel disc shape grids corresponding to all the optimal boundary node coordinates as the wheel disc optimal shape grids; and reconstructing the three-dimensional model of the high-speed rotating wheel disc to be designed according to the optimal shape grid of the wheel disc, and arraying the reconstructed three-dimensional model along the circumferential direction of the wheel disc to obtain the optimal wheel disc structure of the high-speed rotating wheel disc to be designed.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 3, the optimized boundary of the web is extracted to correspond to all boundary nodes of the mapped initial shape mesh using a boundary node search algorithm or a manual method.
3. The method for optimally designing the high-speed rotating wheel disc according to claim 2, wherein the process of extracting all boundary nodes of the web corresponding to the optimized boundary of the initial shape grid by using the boundary node search algorithm comprises the following steps 31-35:
step 31, converting the cartesian coordinates of all the nodes on the drawn initial shape grid into cylindrical coordinates; wherein, assuming that the total number of nodes on the drawn initial shape grid is marked as N, the Cartesian coordinate of the nth node on the initial shape grid is marked as (X)n,Yn,Zn) N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N; after coordinate conversion, the column coordinate of the nth node is marked as (theta)n,Rn,Zn)，θnIs the circumferential radian, R, corresponding to the nth node in a cylindrical coordinate systemnIs the node radius, Z, corresponding to the nth node in the cylindrical coordinate systemnThe position of the nth node along the axis Z in the cylindrical coordinate system;
step 32, setting a first reference point in the range of the preset left boundary search area, and setting a second reference point in the range of the preset right boundary search area; the preset left boundary search area range is a search area for all left boundary nodes on the initial shape grid, and the preset right boundary search area range is a search area for all right boundary nodes on the initial shape grid;
step 33, calculating radial coordinate reference values of all left boundary nodes of the initial shape grid in the radial direction R in the cylindrical coordinate system and radial coordinate reference values of all right boundary nodes in the radial direction R in the cylindrical coordinate system according to the number of grid layers of the initial shape grid in the preset search area range in the radial direction R;
step 34, acquiring Euclidean distances from all end face nodes in a preset search area range to a first reference point and a second reference point respectively;
and step 35, extracting boundary nodes which are within a range of +/-0.5 times of the sum of the average distance of the left boundary nodes and the radial coordinate reference value of the left boundary R or within a range of +/-0.5 times of the sum of the average distance of the right boundary nodes and the radial coordinate reference value of the right boundary R and have the minimum Euclidean distance with the reference point on the corresponding side as the boundary nodes of the optimized boundary of the spoke plate corresponding to the drawn initial shape grid according to the radial coordinate reference values of all the left boundary nodes and all the right boundary nodes obtained in the step 33.
4. The optimum design method for a high-speed rotary disk according to claim 3, wherein the cylindrical coordinates of said first reference point are (0, R)1,Z1) The cylindrical coordinates of the second reference point are (0, R)2,Z2)，Z1＝min{zn}，Z2＝max{zn}，{znN is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, min { z }represents a sequence formed by axial coordinate values of all nodes in a preset search area rangenDenotes the sequence znMinimum of all axial coordinate values in, max znDenotes the sequence znMaximum value of all axial coordinate values in the block;
Figure FDA0003235671250000021
R1,minis the minimum value of the preset left boundary search area range, R1,maxFor presetting the maximum value of the left boundary search region range, R2,minFor a preset minimum value of the right boundary search area range, R2,maxThe maximum value of the search area range of the right boundary is preset.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 4, the relative position relationship between all the extracted boundary nodes and the nodes in the optimized region where the initial shape mesh has been drawn is correlated by using a node correlation algorithm; the correlation operation process comprises the following steps 41-46:
step 41, obtaining an end face node number matrix of all nodes in an optimized area on the end face of the sector of the initial shape grid according to the obtained boundary node number and the corresponding coordinate;
step 42, obtaining a body node number matrix of a body grid corresponding to the initial shape grid according to the obtained end face node number matrix;
step 43, acquiring the R coordinate value and the Z coordinate value of each node of the end face in the end face node number matrix according to the R coordinate value and the Z coordinate value of the boundary node;
step 44, calculating the circumferential displacement increment of each layer of nodes according to the maximum value of the circumferential coordinates in the initial shape grid and the circumferential grid layer numerical value, and obtaining circumferential radian coordinates of each layer of nodes in the circumferential direction;
step 45, obtaining the column coordinates of each node in the optimized area according to the obtained R coordinate value and Z coordinate value of the end face node and the radian coordinates of each layer of nodes of the volume grid along the circumferential direction;
and step 46, matching the obtained column coordinates of all the nodes with the corresponding node numbers in the body node number matrix in the step 42 to obtain an updated column coordinate table of all the node information in the optimized area, and converting the column coordinate table into a Cartesian coordinate table.
6. The method for optimally designing the high-speed rotating wheel disc according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the step 5, the process of constructing the wheel disc optimization objective function based on the finite element method comprises the following steps 51 to 52:
step 51, importing all the node coordinates obtained in the step 4 into finite element software, setting boundary conditions and material parameters for simulating the working environment of the high-speed rotating wheel disc to be designed, and obtaining a volume value, a spoke plate stress value and a disc center stress value of the high-speed rotating wheel disc corresponding to the boundary conditions through finite element calculation;
step 52, substituting the volume value, the spoke plate stress value and the disk center stress value of the high-speed rotating wheel disk into a fitness function formula to obtain a fitness value of the high-speed rotating wheel disk to be designed; the fitness function is a wheel disc optimization target function, and the fitness value of the high-speed rotating wheel disc to be designed is marked as Fit:
Fit＝Vdisc·0.06+0.5·(σbody-σlimb)2+0.5·(σroot-σlimr)2；
wherein, VdiscRepresenting the volume value, σ, corresponding to the boundary condition of the high-speed rotating disk to be designedbodyFor the web stress value, σ, corresponding to the boundary condition of the high-speed rotating disk to be designedlimbFor the optimum target value, sigma, of the web stress corresponding to the high-speed rotating disk to be designed under the boundary conditionrootFor the value of the stress of the centre of the disc, sigma, to be designed for high-speed rotary discslimrFor high speeds to be designedAnd optimizing the target value of the stress of the center of the rotary wheel disc.
7. The optimal design method of the high-speed rotating wheel disc according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in step 6, the optimal boundary node coordinates of each boundary node on the initial shape mesh of the wheel disc corresponding to the optimal design target of the wheel disc are respectively obtained by using a particle swarm algorithm through repeated iterative computation; the iterative computation process executed each time by utilizing the particle swarm algorithm comprises the following steps 61-63:
step 61, comparing and judging the current fitness value of the particle vector with the historical best fitness value of the particle to determine whether to save the current particle vector as the historical best vector of the particle:
when the determination determines to update, the current particle vector is saved as the optimal particle history vector, and then the step 62 is performed; otherwise, the historical optimal vector of the particle is not changed, and the step 63 is carried out to update the position of the particle and carry out the next iterative computation process;
step 62, comparing and judging the current fitness value of the particle vector with the global historical best fitness value of the particle to determine whether to save the current particle vector as the global historical best vector:
when the judgment determines to store, the current particle vector is stored as the optimal vector of the global history, the step 63 is carried out to update the particle position, and the step is carried out to execute the next iterative computation process; otherwise, the global historical optimal vector is not changed, the step 63 is carried out to update the particle position, and the next iterative computation process is carried out; the position corresponding to the particle vector stored as the global historical optimal vector is the coordinate of the optimal boundary node of the boundary node on the wheel disc shaped grid along the Z-axis direction under the current iteration times;
step 63, updating the particle position; wherein, the updating formula corresponding to the particle vector is as follows:
Figure FDA0003235671250000041
Figure FDA0003235671250000042
wherein i is a particle index, i is 1,2, …, M; k is the current number of iterations,
Figure FDA0003235671250000043
the velocity of the d-dimension component of the flight velocity vector of the ith particle in the Kth iteration is taken as the velocity of the ith particle;
Figure FDA0003235671250000044
the position of the d-dimension component of the flight velocity vector of the ith particle in the Kth iteration is taken as the position of the ith particle;
Figure FDA0003235671250000045
a d-dimension component of an individual optimal solution for the i-th particle;
Figure FDA0003235671250000046
d-dimension component of the optimal solution of the population; c. C1And c2Are respectively corresponding learning factors, r1And r2Respectively are random numbers with the value range of (0, 1); wherein, the position
Figure FDA0003235671250000047
Namely the coordinate value of the boundary node along the Z-axis direction.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein after the updating of the particle vector position in step 63 is completed, the boundary moving strategy of the minimum volume is used to perform strategy updating on the particle vector position according to the structural features of the wheel, and the strategy updating formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0003235671250000048
id≤Glthe number of (2);
Figure FDA0003235671250000049
id>Glthe number of (2);
i is the particle index, i is 1,2, …, M; glRepresents the left boundary node, r3Expressed as random numbers with a range of values within (0, 1).
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 7, a third party drawing software is used to reconstruct a three-dimensional model of the high-speed rotating wheel to be designed based on all the obtained optimal boundary node coordinates.
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