CN113722814A - Vehicle ride comfort analysis method based on virtual road test - Google Patents
Vehicle ride comfort analysis method based on virtual road test Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of automobile ride comfort development, and particularly relates to a vehicle ride comfort analysis method based on virtual road testing, which comprises the following steps: s1, respectively establishing a multi-body dynamic model of a basic vehicle and a virtual road model for ride comfort evaluation; s2, aligning the smoothness simulation result of the basic vehicle model with the test result, and correcting and verifying the model; step S3: and establishing a multi-body dynamic model of the target vehicle, carrying out ride comfort simulation, and analyzing and evaluating a simulation result. According to the method, the simulation result and the test result are aligned and the model is corrected, so that the accuracy of the simulation result is greatly improved, the consistency of the simulation and test evaluation system is ensured, and the defect that the smoothness simulation analysis and the test result cannot be correlated and compared with each other in the prior art is overcome. In the research and development stage of vehicle products, the ride comfort is quickly and accurately analyzed and evaluated, and the development of the ride comfort of the automobile is efficiently supported.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of automobile ride comfort development, and particularly relates to a vehicle ride comfort analysis method based on virtual road testing.
Background
In the development process of automobile products, the evaluation and optimization of vehicle smoothness is an important aspect. The ride comfort is directly related to the comfort of the customer in the vehicle. When a host factory evaluates the smoothness of a vehicle, a section of special road surface, such as a short slope with continuously fluctuating slope, is established in a test field, so that the vehicle runs on the road at a constant speed with different speeds, and a sensor is used for measuring the vertical acceleration of the vehicle body or the degree of the vehicle bumping and fluctuating directly sensed by passengers. However, the evaluation method using the instrument for objective measurement has the disadvantages of long preparation time and low efficiency. The subjective evaluation method of the passengers is greatly influenced by personal feeling difference, and the evaluation consistency is poor. And the real vehicle test needs to wait for the sample vehicle to be completely manufactured, so that the period is long, the cost is high, and the scheme cannot be rapidly verified in the early stage of product development.
To solve such problems, many host plants use CAE tools to perform simulation analysis of vehicle ride comfort. However, the national standard automobile ride comfort test method used in simulation is different from the respective ride comfort road test working conditions established by the host factory. Due to the inconsistency of the test methods, the simulation conclusion cannot be well correlated with the test evaluation conclusion, and the error between the simulation result and the test result cannot be effectively identified. The simulation model parameters and the real vehicle parameters usually have certain errors due to the fact that actual engineering conditions are limited, and the reliability of simulation analysis results cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, the advantage of virtual simulation that is fast and efficient cannot be fully exerted.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above situation, the invention provides a vehicle ride comfort analysis method based on a virtual road, which not only solves the disadvantages of long test period and high cost of an actual vehicle, but also avoids the disadvantage that the reliability of a ride comfort simulation analysis result cannot be ensured to a great extent. The brief principle of the invention is as follows: development of automotive products is often based on existing model change or benchmarking vehicle reference improvements. Therefore, the model is corrected and verified by establishing a multi-body dynamic model of the basic vehicle and calibrating the simulation result and the test result according to the same test working condition. And establishing a multi-body dynamic model of the target vehicle on the basis of the post-target model and simulating to obtain a ride comfort analysis result with higher reliability.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a vehicle ride comfort analysis method based on virtual road testing comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively establishing a multi-body dynamic model of a basic vehicle and a virtual road model for ride comfort evaluation
S2, aligning the smoothness simulation result and the test result of the basic vehicle model, and correcting and verifying the model, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
s21, performing smoothness simulation on the multi-body dynamic model of the basic vehicle in the virtual environment: according to the smoothness test working condition, enabling the vehicle to pass through a test road at constant speed at different speeds, and measuring the change value of the vertical acceleration of the vehicle body along with the time domain; carrying out model simulation and real vehicle test on the vehicle according to the same working condition and the same road surface, and keeping the measuring point of the vehicle body acceleration on the simulation model consistent with the position of a vehicle body installation sensor of the real vehicle test;
s22, carrying out benchmarking on the smoothness simulation results and the test results at different passing speeds, and if the conditions that the simulation of the vertical acceleration of the vehicle body is not matched with the time domain variation trend of the test value or the amplitude value is deviated too much occur, taking the deviation of the simulation of the vertical acceleration of the vehicle body and the test value of more than 10% as a judgment standard, checking and correcting parameter input errors possibly influencing the simulation results in the model;
and (4) revising the model and then performing simulation benchmarking again until the simulation of the vertical acceleration of the vehicle body at each vehicle speed and the amplitude of the test value are within a reasonable error range and the time domain variation trend is kept consistent, thus completing model benchmarking, and considering that the model meets the general engineering analysis requirements under the condition that the error of the simulation and test result of the amplitude of the vertical acceleration of the vehicle body in the ride comfort analysis is not more than 10%.
Step S3: establishing a multi-body dynamic model of a target vehicle, carrying out ride comfort simulation, and analyzing and evaluating a simulation result, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s31, establishing a multi-body dynamic model of the target vehicle on the basis of the post-target model, and carrying out ride comfort simulation analysis on the target vehicle to obtain a variation value of the vertical acceleration of the vehicle body along with a time domain;
and S32, analyzing and processing the simulation data, and comparing the amplitude of the vertical acceleration of the vehicle body when the vehicle passes through the test road to evaluate the smoothness performance of the vehicle, wherein the smaller the amplitude at the same speed is, the lower the vibration energy sensed by the human body is, and the better the smoothness performance of the vehicle is.
In step S1, a multi-body dynamic model of the base vehicle and a virtual road model for smoothness evaluation are established as follows:
s11, establishing a multi-body dynamic model of the existing vehicle type or the marker post vehicle type:
the method comprises the following steps of taking an existing vehicle type or a marker post vehicle type selected by new vehicle type research and development as a basic vehicle, establishing a multi-body dynamic model in simulation software, wherein parameters needing to be input mainly comprise suspension parameters, vehicle parameters and a tire model;
s12, establishing a virtual road model:
and measuring the road surface characteristics for smoothness evaluation of the road, and establishing a virtual road model according to the road surface characteristic parameters by using a road surface modeling device of simulation software.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a vehicle ride comfort analysis method based on a virtual road test, which uses the same road surface characteristics, test conditions and data processing method for model simulation and real vehicle test in a CAE virtual environment. By calibrating the simulation result and the test result and correcting the model, the accuracy of the simulation result is greatly improved. The consistency of a simulation and test evaluation system is ensured, and the defect that smoothness simulation analysis and test results cannot be correlated and compared in the prior art is avoided. In the research and development stage of vehicle products, the ride comfort is quickly and accurately analyzed and evaluated, and the development of the ride comfort of the automobile is efficiently supported.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a vehicle ride comfort analysis method based on a virtual road test according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a multi-body dynamic model performing a smoothness simulation on a virtual road according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating simulation and test results of vertical acceleration of a vehicle body varying with time domain according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a statistical comparison graph of ride comfort simulation results of the target vehicle and the base vehicle at various vehicle speeds in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying figures 1-4 and examples:
the invention provides a vehicle ride comfort analysis method based on virtual road testing, which can be applied to ride performance development in an automobile product research and development stage. The background of the embodiment is that a modified vehicle type is researched and developed based on the existing vehicle type, and the ride comfort of the whole vehicle is improved through the optimization of the elastic part of the chassis. Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of the present invention, which includes the following steps:
s1, respectively establishing a multi-body dynamic model of a basic vehicle and a virtual road model for smoothness evaluation, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
s11, establishing a multi-body dynamic model of the existing vehicle type or the marker post vehicle type:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) taking an existing vehicle type or a benchmark vehicle type selected by researching and developing a new vehicle type as a basic vehicle, establishing a multi-body dynamic model in simulation software, wherein parameters needing to be input mainly comprise suspension parameters such as spring stiffness, bushing stiffness and damper damping force, whole vehicle parameters such as front and rear axle load, mass center height and rotational inertia, and a tire model;
s12, establishing a virtual road model:
the method comprises the steps of measuring road surface characteristics used for smoothness evaluation of a road, such as the road surface characteristics of a continuously fluctuating slope which is commonly used for smoothness test, such as the slope height of the road surface, the slope interval and the like, and establishing a virtual road model according to the road surface characteristic parameters by using a road surface modeling device of simulation software.
S2, aligning the smoothness simulation result and the test result of the basic vehicle model, and correcting and verifying the model, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
s21, performing smoothness simulation on the multi-body dynamic model of the basic vehicle in the virtual environment: and according to the smoothness test working condition, the vehicle passes through the test road at a constant speed at different speeds, and the change value of the vertical acceleration of the vehicle body along with the time domain is measured. Carrying out model simulation and real vehicle test on the vehicle according to the same working condition and the same road surface, and keeping the measuring point of the vehicle body acceleration on the simulation model consistent with the position of a vehicle body installation sensor of the real vehicle test;
s22, carrying out benchmarking on the smoothness simulation result and the test result under different passing speeds, and if the conditions that the simulation of the vertical acceleration of the vehicle body is not consistent with the time domain variation trend of the test value or the amplitude value is too large in deviation occur, taking the deviation of the simulation of the vertical acceleration of the vehicle body and the test value of more than 10% as a judgment standard, checking and correcting parameter input errors possibly influencing the simulation result in the model, such as: adjusting the position of the mass center of the whole vehicle of the model to avoid simulation errors caused by inconsistent load of a front axle and a rear axle with the real vehicle; resetting the initial gap of a suspension limiting block in the model to enable the up-and-down jumping stroke of the suspension to be consistent with the actual stroke; and correcting the damping force of the suspension shock absorber in the model so as to eliminate the influence of inaccurate damping force of the shock absorber on the vibration result of the vehicle body during simulation and the like.
And (4) after the model is corrected, performing simulation benchmarking again until the simulation of the vertical acceleration of the vehicle body at each vehicle speed and the amplitude of the test value are within a reasonable error range and the time domain variation trend is kept consistent, thus completing the model benchmarking. According to actual engineering experience, considering various error comprehensive influences of virtual simulation and road test, and under the condition that the error of the simulation and test result of the amplitude of the vertical acceleration of the vehicle body in ride comfort analysis is not more than 10%, the model can be considered to meet the requirements of general engineering analysis.
Step S3: and establishing a multi-body dynamic model of the target vehicle, carrying out ride comfort simulation, and analyzing and evaluating a simulation result. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s31, establishing a multi-body dynamic model of the target vehicle on the basis of the post-target model, carrying out ride comfort simulation analysis on the target vehicle, and obtaining a variation value of the vertical acceleration of the vehicle body along with a time domain.
And S32, analyzing and processing the simulation data. The amplitude of the vertical acceleration of the vehicle body is large, namely the difference value of the wave crest and the wave trough under the time domain, the human body riding comfort feeling can be reflected, so that the amplitude of the vertical acceleration of the vehicle body when the vehicle passes through a test road can be compared, and the smoothness performance of the vehicle can be evaluated. The smaller the amplitude under the same vehicle speed is, the lower the vibration energy felt by a human body is, and the better the vehicle smoothness performance is. The smoothness of the target vehicle can be analyzed and evaluated quickly and efficiently.
An example of this is as follows:
and step S1, the basic vehicle is a Macpherson front suspension or a Hodgkin rear suspension vehicle. In dynamic simulation software Adams, a topological structure of chassis parts is built according to a suspension form, and suspension parameters and finished automobile mass parameters are input. According to the precision requirement of the simulation working condition, a PAC2002 tire model is adopted to initially establish a multi-body dynamic model of the basic vehicle.
The road surface characteristics of a road for smoothness evaluation in a test field are measured, wherein the road is a regular road surface with a continuously fluctuating section of ramp, the slope height of the road surface is measured on site to be 0.1m, the interval between ramps is 12m, and the width is 3.5 m. And (3) establishing a virtual road model of the road surface by using a road surface modeler carried by Adams software.
Step S2, performing ride comfort simulation on the basic vehicle model in Adams software, as shown in fig. 2. And according to the smoothness evaluation rule, the vehicle passes through the test road surface at a constant speed with the initial speed of 45 km/h. Then, the starting point is folded back, the vehicle speed is increased in sequence at the speed interval of 5km/h, and the test is carried out in a circulating mode. The maximum test vehicle speed is the maximum passing speed at which the vehicle does not experience significant tire runaway off the ground. According to the actual working condition, the passing speeds tested by the basic vehicle are respectively 45km/h, 50km/h, 55km/h and 58 km/h.
And acquiring the change value of the vertical acceleration of the vehicle body along with the time domain under the passing vehicle speed by using a sensor arranged in the middle of the floor behind the first row of seats. And (4) calibrating the simulation result and the test result, adjusting the center of mass position of the whole vehicle of the model and the initial gap of the suspension limiting block according to the calibration result and engineering experience, and correcting the error between the simulation model and the real vehicle. And (4) re-aligning the benchmarks until the time domain change of the vertical acceleration value of the vehicle body under each passing vehicle speed and the test result are within a reasonable error range, as shown in figure 3, and then completing model benchmarking.
Step S3: and establishing a multi-body dynamic model of the target vehicle on the basis of the post-target model. In this embodiment, the target vehicle is prototype based on the base vehicle, and the ride comfort needs to be improved by optimizing the stiffness of the suspension springs. And simulating the target vehicle model according to the same working condition, and comparing the simulation result with the basic vehicle. The simulation results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
By contrast, the magnitude of the vertical acceleration of the body of the target vehicle at each passing vehicle speed is smaller than that of the base vehicle, as shown in fig. 4. The smoothness performance of the improved standard vehicle is better than that of the basic vehicle, and the smoothness performance of the vehicle is optimized.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the structure of the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A vehicle ride comfort analysis method based on virtual road testing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, respectively establishing a multi-body dynamic model of a basic vehicle and a virtual road model for ride comfort evaluation
S2, aligning the smoothness simulation result and the test result of the basic vehicle model, and correcting and verifying the model, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
s21, performing smoothness simulation on the multi-body dynamic model of the basic vehicle in the virtual environment: according to the smoothness test working condition, enabling the vehicle to pass through a test road at constant speed at different speeds, and measuring the change value of the vertical acceleration of the vehicle body along with the time domain; carrying out model simulation and real vehicle test on the vehicle according to the same working condition and the same road surface, and keeping the measuring point of the vehicle body acceleration on the simulation model consistent with the position of a vehicle body installation sensor of the real vehicle test;
s22, carrying out benchmarking on the smoothness simulation results and the test results at different passing speeds, and if the conditions that the simulation of the vertical acceleration of the vehicle body is not matched with the time domain variation trend of the test value or the amplitude value is deviated too much occur, taking the deviation of the simulation of the vertical acceleration of the vehicle body and the test value of more than 10% as a judgment standard, checking and correcting parameter input errors possibly influencing the simulation results in the model;
after the model is corrected, performing simulation benchmarking again until the amplitudes of the simulation and test values of the vertical acceleration of the vehicle body at each vehicle speed are within a reasonable error range and the time domain variation trend is kept consistent, thus completing model benchmarking, and under the condition that the error of the simulation and test results of the amplitudes of the vertical acceleration of the vehicle body in the ride comfort analysis is not more than 10%, considering that the model meets the requirements of general engineering analysis;
step S3: establishing a multi-body dynamic model of a target vehicle, carrying out ride comfort simulation, and analyzing and evaluating a simulation result, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s31, establishing a multi-body dynamic model of the target vehicle on the basis of the post-target model, and carrying out ride comfort simulation analysis on the target vehicle to obtain a variation value of the vertical acceleration of the vehicle body along with a time domain;
and S32, analyzing and processing the simulation data, and comparing the amplitude of the vertical acceleration of the vehicle body when the vehicle passes through the test road to evaluate the smoothness performance of the vehicle, wherein the smaller the amplitude at the same speed is, the lower the vibration energy sensed by the human body is, and the better the smoothness performance of the vehicle is.
2. The method for analyzing the smoothness of a vehicle based on a virtual road test as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S1, a multi-body dynamic model of the base vehicle and a virtual road model for ride comfort evaluation are established as follows:
s11, establishing a multi-body dynamic model of the existing vehicle type or the marker post vehicle type:
the method comprises the following steps of taking an existing vehicle type or a marker post vehicle type selected by new vehicle type research and development as a basic vehicle, establishing a multi-body dynamic model in simulation software, wherein parameters needing to be input mainly comprise suspension parameters, vehicle parameters and a tire model;
s12, establishing a virtual road model:
and measuring the road surface characteristics for smoothness evaluation of the road, and establishing a virtual road model according to the road surface characteristic parameters by using a road surface modeling device of simulation software.
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