CN113719421A - Single-wind-wheel automatic yawing power generation system and yawing control method thereof - Google Patents

Single-wind-wheel automatic yawing power generation system and yawing control method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113719421A
CN113719421A CN202111040245.3A CN202111040245A CN113719421A CN 113719421 A CN113719421 A CN 113719421A CN 202111040245 A CN202111040245 A CN 202111040245A CN 113719421 A CN113719421 A CN 113719421A
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Prior art keywords
yaw
fan
energy storage
propeller
platform
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
郭小江
付明志
秦猛
李春华
李铮
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Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute
Huaneng Offshore Wind Power Science and Technology Research Co Ltd
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Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute
Huaneng Offshore Wind Power Science and Technology Research Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202111040245.3A priority Critical patent/CN113719421A/en
Publication of CN113719421A publication Critical patent/CN113719421A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
    • F03D7/0236—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades by changing the active surface of the wind engaging parts, e.g. reefing or furling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
    • F03D7/042—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
    • F03D9/12—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing kinetic energy, e.g. using flywheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
    • B63B2035/446—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting wind energy into electric energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/32—Wind speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/321—Wind directions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/329—Azimuth or yaw angle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a single wind wheel automatic yawing power generation system and a yawing control method thereof, wherein the single wind wheel automatic yawing power generation system comprises: the water-borne platform comprises a fan (10), a tower barrel (20), a water platform (30), a mooring system (40) and a yaw controller, wherein the water platform (30) comprises a rotary supporting platform (31), a fixed connecting ring disc (32) fixedly connected with the rotary supporting platform (31) and a plurality of propeller yaw devices (33), an annular guide structure (321) is formed at the bottom of the fixed connecting ring disc (32), the propeller yaw devices (33) are uniformly fixed on the outer circumference of the fixed connecting ring disc (32) and used for driving the water platform (30) to rotate, and the tower barrel (20) is fixed on the rotary supporting platform (31). The annular guide structure is arranged on the water platform, so that an expensive yaw bearing for yaw is saved, the scheme is convenient to install and maintain, the operation of stopping the machine is not needed, a large-scale installation ship is not needed, and the economical efficiency is good.

Description

Single-wind-wheel automatic yawing power generation system and yawing control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wind power generation, in particular to a single-wind-wheel automatic yaw power generation system and a yaw control method thereof.
Background
Wind energy is increasingly receiving attention as a renewable new energy source due to its advantages of wide source, large storage capacity, no pollution and the like. The electric energy is used as a special carrier of energy and has the characteristics of cleanness, high efficiency, environmental friendliness and the like, so that the great significance in the rapid development of new energy power generation is achieved.
With the deepening of the understanding of human beings on the offshore wind resources and the progress of the wind energy development technology, the development of the wind resources has a trend of developing from a near-shallow sea to a deep-open sea. The floating type fan is an important direction for deep sea wind energy development, and the comprehensive cost is lower than that of the traditional fixed type fan.
However, the floating type fan in the related art has the problem that the yaw rotation angle is limited, and in addition, the whole yaw of the fan tower barrel easily causes the problems of overlarge load of a yaw bearing, overlarge volume, very inconvenient installation and maintenance and the like.
In addition, the floating platform has insufficient wind resistance when encountering strong wind at sea, thereby causing further damage to the bearings.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. To this end, an embodiment of the present invention provides a single wind wheel automatic yaw power generation system, including:
the fan is used for wind power generation;
the fan is mounted at the top of the tower barrel;
the system comprises an overwater platform, a plurality of wind driven generators and a control system, wherein the overwater platform comprises a rotary supporting platform, a fixed connecting ring disc and a plurality of propeller yawing devices, the fixed connecting ring disc is fixedly connected with the rotary supporting platform, an annular guide structure is formed at the bottom of the fixed connecting ring disc, the propeller yawing devices are uniformly fixed on the outer circumference of the fixed connecting ring disc and are used for driving the overwater platform to rotate, and a tower barrel is fixed on the rotary supporting platform;
the mooring system comprises at least three groups of fixing mechanisms, connecting ropes and locking devices which are sequentially connected, the fixing mechanisms are used for being fixed at the water bottom, and the locking devices and the annular guide structures form guide fit; the locking device can be switched between a locking state and an opening state, the locking device is fixed relative to the fixed connecting ring disc in the locking state, and the locking device can slide along the annular guide structure relative to the fixed connecting ring disc in the opening state;
and the yaw controller is in electrical signal connection with each locking device so as to control the locking state of each locking device, and the yaw controller is in electrical signal connection with each propeller yaw device so as to control the working state of each propeller yaw device.
The single wind wheel automatic yawing power generation system provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following technical effects: the annular guide structure is arranged on the water platform, so that an expensive yaw bearing for yaw is saved, the scheme is convenient to install and maintain, the operation of stopping the machine is not needed, a large-scale installation ship is not needed, and the economical efficiency is good.
Optionally, the fan includes: the wind power generator comprises a cabin, a hub arranged on the cabin and three blades fixed on the hub, wherein the three blades can synchronously rotate along with the hub;
the nacelle is fixed to the top of the tower.
Optionally, the blade is made of a metal material; the center of gravity of the fan and the tower barrel is located at the center of the water platform.
Optionally, each propeller yawing device is equal to the distance between the circle centers of the rotating support platform.
Optionally, a rotation axial direction of each of the propeller yawing devices is perpendicular to a radial direction of the rotary supporting platform, and the number of the propeller yawing devices is greater than or equal to 3.
Optionally, an anemoscope is arranged at the top of the cabin connected to the fan, and the anemoscope is used for detecting the wind speed and direction of the environment where the fan is located in real time; and the power supply of the anemorumbometer is provided by the fan.
Optionally, the annular guide structure is an annular guide groove formed in the bottom of the fixed connection ring plate, or the annular guide structure is an annular guide rail formed in the bottom of the fixed connection ring plate.
Optionally, the above-water platform further includes a plurality of pontoons fixed to the outer circumferential surface of the rotary support platform, and the plurality of pontoons are distributed around the rotary support platform at equal intervals.
Optionally, each of the buoys is internally provided with a flywheel energy storage device, and the flywheel energy storage devices are electrically connected with the fan and used for storing electric energy generated by rotation of the fan.
Optionally, the flywheel energy storage device is a full magnetic suspension flywheel device or a flywheel energy storage device combining a magnetic suspension bearing and a mechanical bearing.
Optionally, the moment of momentum H of the flywheel energy storage deviceM＝JM(ω+θ)；
Moment of momentum H of the fanG＝(JG—JM)θ；
Overturning moment M of incoming flow wind speed on unitWind powerThe following conditions are satisfied:
Figure BDA0003249004040000021
overturning moment M of water surface waves on unitWave ofThe following conditions are satisfied:
Figure BDA0003249004040000022
in the formula: hM-moment of momentum of the flywheel energy storage means;
HG-the momentum moment of the fan;
JM-flywheel energy storage means moment of inertia;
JG-the rotational inertia of the fan;
omega-flywheel energy storage device rotor angular velocity;
theta is the included angle between the axis of the tower and the normal line of the water surface;
l is the distance between the top of the fan and the water surface;
r is the distance from the outer edge of the submerged bottom surface of the fan to the gravity center of the fan and the vertical line of the water surface;
a is the area of the windward side of the fan;
s, wetting the surface of a fan;
c is wind resistance coefficient;
ρ is air density;
v-incoming wind speed;
Δ P-wave pressure;
n-the unit external normal vector of S;
r-position vector of wave pressure action point relative to fan coordinate system.
Optionally, the target rotation speed of the flywheel energy storage device is calculated according to the following balance formula:
Figure BDA0003249004040000031
the embodiment of the invention also provides a yaw control method of the single-wind-wheel automatic yaw power generation system, which comprises the following steps:
when the fan is not required to be controlled to yaw, the yaw controller sends a control signal to the locking device to enable the locking device to be in a locking state;
when the fan needs to be controlled to yaw, the yaw controller sends a control signal to the locking device to enable the locking device to be in an open state, the yaw controller sends a yaw operation command to the propeller yaw device after receiving a feedback signal of the open state of the locking device, and the propeller yaw device is started to push the above-water platform to rotate; after the yaw controller receives a position feedback signal that the yaw angle of the fan reaches a preset control angle, the yaw controller controls the propeller yaw device to stop running; and after receiving the feedback signal of the stop running state of the propeller yawing device, the yawing controller controls the locking device to lock, so that the overwater platform is kept in a locking state.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a single wind turbine automatic yaw power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a fixed link ring plate and mooring system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a single wind turbine automatic yaw power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of yaw control of the single-rotor automatic yaw generating system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment provides a single wind turbine automatic yaw power generation system, including: a wind turbine 10, a tower 20, a topside 30, a mooring system 40 and a yaw controller.
Wherein, the fan 10 is used for wind power generation; the wind turbine 10 is mounted on the top of the tower 20; the water platform 30 comprises a rotary supporting platform 31, a fixed connection ring disc 32 fixedly connected with the rotary supporting platform 31 and a plurality of propeller yawing devices 33, wherein an annular guide structure 321 is formed at the bottom of the fixed connection ring disc 32, the propeller yawing devices 33 are uniformly fixed on the outer circumference of the fixed connection ring disc 32 and used for driving the water platform 30 to rotate, and the tower barrel 20 is fixed on the rotary supporting platform 31; the mooring system 40 comprises at least three groups of fixing mechanisms 41, connecting ropes 42 and locking devices 43 which are connected in sequence, wherein the fixing mechanisms 41 are used for being fixed on the water bottom, and the locking devices 43 and the annular guide structures 321 form guide fit; the locking device 43 can be switched between a locking state, in which the locking device 43 is fixed with respect to the fixed connection ring plate 32, and an unlocking state, in which the locking device 43 can slide along the annular guide 321 with respect to the fixed connection ring plate 32; a yaw control is in electrical communication with each locking device 43 to control the locked state of each locking device 43, and a yaw control is in electrical communication with each propeller yaw assembly 33 to control the operational state of each propeller yaw assembly 33.
In the scheme, the annular guide structure 321 is arranged at the bottom of the fixed connection ring disc 32 and is matched with the locking device 43, so that the whole water platform 30, the fan 10 arranged on the water platform 30 and the tower drum 20 can synchronously rotate, a rotating bearing is not required to be arranged between the fan 10 and the tower drum 20, and the fatigue damage of the rotating bearing is avoided; and because the position that annular guide structure 321 is located is lower, and can set up great radius of rotation to have better stability, the antifatigue degree also obtains improving.
In one embodiment, referring to FIG. 1, the number of wind turbines 10 is one, with one wind turbine 10 mounted directly on top of the tower 20. The rotational axis of the wind turbine 10 may be perpendicular to the length direction of the tower 20.
Referring to fig. 1, the fan 10 includes: the wind turbine comprises a nacelle 12, a hub 13 mounted on the nacelle 12 and three blades 14 fixed on the hub 13, wherein the three blades 14 can synchronously rotate along with the hub 13; the nacelle 12 is secured atop a tower 20.
Further, the blade 14 is made of metal; the center of gravity of the wind turbine 10 and tower 20 is located at the center of the water platform 30.
In one embodiment, each of the propeller yaw assemblies 33 is equidistant from the center of the rotating support platform 31, thereby making the propeller yaw assemblies 33 more stable when controlling the rotation of the water platform 30.
In one embodiment, the axial direction of rotation of each of the propeller yaw assemblies 33 is perpendicular to the radial direction of the rotating support platform 31, and the number of the propeller yaw assemblies 33 is equal to or greater than 3. For example, the number of propeller yaw arrangements 33 may be 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or even more. The number of propeller yaw assemblies 33 may be determined based on their power and the circumferential size of the water platform 30. The greater the power of the propeller yaw arrangements 33, the relatively smaller the number of their arrangements, and the larger the circumference of the water platform 30, the greater the number of propeller yaw arrangements 33, to ensure sufficient propulsion.
In one embodiment, an anemoscope is disposed on the top of the nacelle to which the wind turbine 10 is connected, and is used for detecting the wind speed and direction of the environment in which the wind turbine 10 is located in real time. Wherein, the power of anemorumbometer is provided by the fan 10, and the output signal of the anemorumbometer is sent to the floating fan controller through the cable.
In one embodiment, referring to FIG. 2, the annular guide structure 321 is an annular guide slot opening at the bottom of the stationary connecting ring 32. The locking device 43 is disposed in the annular guide groove and is capable of sliding along the annular guide groove, and when the locking device 43 is in a locked state, the locking device 43 cannot slide along the annular guide groove.
The annular guide structure 321 is not limited to an annular guide groove, and in some embodiments, the annular guide structure 321 may be an annular guide rail opened at the bottom of the fixed connection ring disk 32. The locking device 43 is guided by the annular guide rail into engagement with the fixed connection ring 32.
In one embodiment, the water platform 30 further includes a plurality of pontoons 34 secured to the outer perimeter of the rotating support platform 31, the plurality of pontoons 34 being equally spaced around the rotating support platform 31. The pontoons 34 increase the buoyancy of the water platform 30, thereby increasing the stability of the water platform 30.
In one embodiment, a flywheel energy storage device 341 is disposed in each buoy 34, and the flywheel energy storage device 341 is electrically connected to the fan 10 for storing electric energy generated by the rotation of the fan 10.
In one embodiment, the flywheel energy storage device 341 is a full magnetic levitation flywheel device, and the flywheel energy storage device 341 may also be a flywheel energy storage device combining a magnetic levitation bearing and a mechanical bearing.
In one embodiment, the moment of momentum H of the flywheel energy storage 341M＝JM(ω + θ); moment of momentum H of fan 10G＝(JG—JM)θ；
Overturning moment M of incoming flow wind speed on unitWind powerThe following conditions are satisfied:
Figure BDA0003249004040000051
overturning moment M of water surface waves on unitWave ofThe following conditions are satisfied:
Figure BDA0003249004040000061
in the formula: hM-moment of momentum of the flywheel energy storage means;
HG-the momentum moment of the fan;
JM-flywheel energy storage means moment of inertia;
JG-the rotational inertia of the fan;
omega-flywheel energy storage device rotor angular velocity;
theta is the included angle between the axis of the tower and the normal line of the water surface;
l is the distance between the top of the fan and the water surface;
r is the distance from the outer edge of the submerged bottom surface of the fan to the gravity center of the fan and the vertical line of the water surface;
a is the area of the windward side of the fan;
s, wetting the surface of a fan;
c is wind resistance coefficient;
ρ is air density;
v-incoming wind speed;
Δ P-wave pressure;
n-the unit external normal vector of S;
r-position vector of wave pressure action point relative to fan coordinate system.
In one embodiment, the target rotational speed of the flywheel energy storage device 341 is calculated according to the following balancing formula:
Figure BDA0003249004040000062
and calculating the target rotating speed of the flywheel energy storage device by taking the incoming flow wind speed and the wave vibration amplitude as input conditions through the moment balance relational expression. Through the control of the rotating speed of the flywheel, the balance of the momentum moment of the flywheel, the inflow wind overturning moment and the wave overturning moment is realized, and the stable state of the offshore floating type fan is kept.
The present embodiment further provides a yaw control method for a single-wind-wheel automatic yaw power generation system, where the single-wind-wheel automatic yaw power generation system is the single-wind-wheel automatic yaw power generation system according to any of the above embodiments, and with reference to fig. 4, the yaw control method includes:
when the fan 10 does not need to be controlled to yaw, the yaw controller sends a control signal to the locking device 43, so that the locking device 43 is in a locking state;
when the fan 10 needs to be controlled to yaw, the yaw controller sends a control signal to the locking device 43 to enable the locking device 43 to be in an open state, and after receiving a feedback signal of the open state of the locking device 43, the yaw controller sends a yaw operation command to the propeller yaw device 33, so that the propeller yaw device 33 is started to push the overwater platform 30 to rotate; after the yaw controller receives a position feedback signal that the yaw angle of the fan 10 reaches a preset control angle, the yaw controller controls the propeller yaw device 33 to stop running; and after receiving the feedback signal of the stop running state of the propeller yawing device 33, the yaw controller controls the locking device 43 to lock, so that the water platform 30 keeps a locking state.
A specific embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 4.
When the fan 10 needs to perform yawing action, the main control system issues a yawing control command to the yawing controller, the yawing controller issues a control signal to the locking device, and the locking device enables the locking device to be in an open state; after receiving a feedback signal of the loosening state of the yaw locking device, the yaw controller sends a yaw operation command to a yaw propeller, and the propeller is started to push the floating fan 10 to rotate around the center of the rotary supporting platform 31; after the yaw controller receives a feedback signal that the yaw angle of the fan 10 reaches a preset control angle position, the yaw controller controls the propeller system to stop yawing; and after the yaw controller receives a feedback signal of the stop operation state of the propeller, the yaw locking device is controlled to be locked, and the floating type fan foundation complete machine keeps a locking state.
In one embodiment, a certain number of flywheel energy storage devices 341 may be disposed on the water platform 30, a flywheel converter of the flywheel energy storage devices is connected to a converter dc bus of the wind turbine 10, the energy absorbed or released by the flywheel energy storage devices 341 is connected to the wind turbine and the power grid through the dc bus of the wind turbine converter, and the rotational energy of the flywheel energy storage devices is adjusted by adjusting the rotational speed of the flywheel energy storage devices, so as to adjust the capability of the flywheel energy storage system to stabilize the floating wind turbine against external force fluctuation.
Specifically, the installation position of the flywheel energy storage device 341 is determined according to the basic flat structure and the gravity center position of the floating wind turbine, and for the semi-submersible type water platform 30, the flywheel energy storage device can be arranged in three buoys of a triangular platform and is stably fixed on the basic platform through mechanical rigid connection. For the single-column type floating unit, the flywheel energy storage device is arranged inside the single-column type foundation and is fixed on the single-column type fan foundation through rigid mechanical connection. For other floating type wind turbines, the installation position of the flywheel energy storage device is determined according to the structural form of the floating type wind turbine foundation platform and the central position of the whole wind turbine.
For the selection principle of the flywheel energy storage device, the large-inertia disk-shaped structure flywheel is selected, so that the axial outward state and the self weight of the flywheel can be improved, and the stability of the floating fan can be improved.
The total power of the arranged flywheel energy storage devices is less than or equal to the rated power P of the fan 10Fan blowerPower P of single flywheel energy storage deviceFlywheel wheelEqual to the rated power of the floating fan divided by the number N of flywheel energy storage devicesFlywheel wheelI.e. PFlywheel wheel＝PFan blower/NFlywheel wheel。
The flywheel energy storage device can adopt a full magnetic suspension flywheel device or a flywheel energy storage device combining a magnetic suspension bearing and a mechanical bearing.
Under the condition that the fan 10 is in a steady state, the flywheel energy storage device is driven to accelerate to a rated rotating speed through the flywheel energy storage converter connected to the direct current bus of the fan converter, and the flywheel energy storage device absorbs energy from the floating fan or a power grid in the process. At the moment, the rotational kinetic energy of the flywheel energy storage device rotating at a high speed reaches a rated value, and the flywheel energy storage device has the capacity of resisting overturning moment. The flywheel rotor rotating at a high speed is coupled with the floating type fan foundation through electromagnetic force to transfer torque, and the stress relation between the flywheel rotor and the floating type fan foundation is balanced.
When the output power of the fan is larger than the rated power, the flywheel energy storage device absorbs energy and improves the energy storage energy. When the output power of the fan is smaller than the rated power, the flywheel energy storage device releases energy, and the energy storage energy is reduced. In the process, the flywheel energy storage device can be used for balancing the power fluctuation of the floating type fan.
And under the working mode that the flywheel energy storage device operates on the stable floating type fan foundation platform, the rotating speed of the flywheel energy storage device is adjusted according to the fluctuation parameters of the sea water waves. When the seawater fluctuation is small, the flywheel energy storage device operates at a rated rotating speed, and the shaking of the platform foundation caused by the seawater fluctuation can be completely resisted. When the sea water fluctuation is large, the rotating speed of the flywheel energy storage device is increased, and the shaking amplitude of the base platform along with the waves is restrained.
The floating type fan controller detects incoming flow wind speed parameters in real time, and the flywheel energy storage device stably operates in a rated rotating speed range under the condition that the incoming flow wind speed is smaller than the rated rotating speed of the flywheel energy storage device and the influence of the incoming flow wind speed on the floating type fan base platform is correspondingly inhibited. At the moment, the flywheel energy storage system can operate in an external charging and discharging mode to smooth the output power of the wind turbine generator. Under the condition that the incoming flow speed is greater than or equal to the rated speed of the flywheel energy storage device and the influence of the incoming flow speed on the floating type fan foundation platform is correspondingly inhibited, the flywheel energy storage device improves the rotating speed by absorbing the electric energy of the wind turbine generator, the capacity of the flywheel energy storage device for inhibiting the floating type fan from being influenced by the incoming flow speed is further enhanced, and at the moment, the flywheel energy storage system only operates in a charging mode.
And when the rotating speed of the flywheel energy storage device reaches the upper limit rotating speed allowing operation, the wind generating set controller starts to execute a pitch control mode. When the output power of the floating fan reaches the rated power value, the rotating speed of the floating fan exceeds the rated rotating speed n0 and is more than or equal to n1, at the moment, n1 is more than n0, the floating fan controller starts to issue a pitch change instruction, and the mechanism executes a pitch change action of increasing the pitch angle. When the rotating speed of the floating fan is reduced to the stop variable pitch rotating speed n2, at the moment, n is larger than n2, the floating fan controller starts to issue a stop variable pitch instruction, the mechanism executes the stop variable pitch action, and the fan blade is maintained at the current pitch angle position.
Particularly, when the output power of the floating fan reaches the rated power value and the pitch angle is larger than the initial pitch angle beta 0 of the floating fan, the rotating speed of the floating fan is smaller than the rated rotating speed n0 and is smaller than or equal to n2, at the moment, n2 is larger than n0, the floating fan controller starts to issue a pitch change command, and then the mechanism executes a pitch change action of reducing the pitch angle. When the rotating speed of the floating fan is increased to the stop variable pitch rotating speed n1, at the moment, n1 is larger than n0, the floating fan controller starts to issue a stop variable pitch command, the mechanism executes the stop variable pitch action, and the fan blade is maintained at the current position of the pitch angle.
Particularly, when the blade pitch angle of the floating type fan is equal to the initial pitch angle beta 0, the variable pitch is stopped, and the unit enters a flywheel energy storage system again to stabilize the stable operation working mode of the floating type fan.
In one embodiment, the floating wind turbine controller may include a signal detection and processing module, a signal filtering module, a pitch control module, a yaw control module, a generator speed/torque control module, and a flywheel energy storage control module.
The floating fan controller signal detection module is used for acquiring signals sent by various sensors of the floating fan in real time and carrying out level conversion, filtering and digital processing on the acquired signals; the floating fan controller signal filtering module is used for digitally filtering the signals sent by the signal detection and processing module in real time, filtering interference signals in the floating fan sensor signals and sending various filtered signals to the subsequent control module; the variable-pitch control module of the floating fan controller is used for calculating the variable-pitch angle of the blades of the floating fan in real time, sending the calculation result of the variable-pitch angle to the variable-pitch executing mechanism in real time, monitoring the variable-pitch executing mechanism and judging the running state of the variable-pitch executing mechanism; the floating fan controller yaw control module is used for calculating the yaw angle of the cabin of the floating fan in real time, sending the yaw angle calculation result to the yaw executing mechanism in real time, monitoring the yaw executing mechanism and judging the running state of the yaw executing mechanism; the floating type fan controller generator speed/torque control module is used for calculating the speed and the torque of a generator set of the floating type fan in real time, transmitting the calculation result of the speed and the torque to a machine side converter of the floating type fan converter in real time, monitoring the speed and the torque value of the generator set and judging the running states of the generator set and the machine side converter; the floating type fan controller flywheel energy storage control module is used for calculating and judging the rotating speed and the charging and discharging states of the flywheel energy storage device in real time, sending the rotating speed calculation result and the charging and discharging states of the flywheel energy storage device to the flywheel energy storage converter in real time, monitoring the flywheel energy storage device and the flywheel energy storage converter, and judging the running states of the flywheel energy storage device and the flywheel energy storage converter.
In summary, in the single wind wheel automatic yaw power generation system and the yaw control method thereof according to the embodiment, the type of the flywheel energy storage device is determined to be installed in different types of floating fans, and the power and the energy storage capacity of the flywheel energy storage device are calculated according to the power of the floating fans, so as to determine the number and the installation position of the flywheel energy storage device. According to the gyro stable operation principle of the flywheel energy storage device, the integral external force resistant stable operation capacity of the floating type fan is improved through the self anti-interference stable operation capacity of the flywheel energy storage device rotating at a high speed, and the problem that the external force resistant stable operation capacity of the floating type fan is poor is solved. Through the connection of the direct current bus of the converter of the floating fan and the direct current side of the converter of the flywheel energy storage device, a charge-discharge energy transfer interface is provided for the flywheel energy storage device, and when the running state of the floating fan is stabilized by the flywheel energy storage device, the problem of fluctuation of output power of the floating fan is greatly improved through charge-discharge control of energy, and the friendliness of grid-connected electric energy quality of the floating fan is improved. The method has the advantages that signals such as incoming flow wind speed, wind direction, generator rotating speed, flywheel rotating speed, grid-connected power and the like are detected in real time, parameters such as grid-connected power, wind wheel rotating speed, fan shaking and the like of the floating fan are accurately controlled in real time by adopting a coordination control method of a floating fan flywheel energy storage device and a variable pitch system under the condition of high wind speed through real-time calculation and analysis of a floating fan controller, stable power generation of the floating fan under the condition of high wind speed is achieved, the problems that stable operation control of a unit is low in efficiency, high in cost, poor in safety and the like due to the fact that a mooring system and a variable pitch control strategy are completely relied on in the prior art of the floating fan are solved, and the method has a good application prospect.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the present disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" and the like mean that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (13)

1. A single wind wheel automatic yaw power generation system, comprising:
a fan (10), the fan (10) being for wind power generation;
the tower (20), the wind turbine (10) is installed on the top of the tower (20);
the water platform (30) comprises a rotary supporting platform (31), a fixed connecting ring disc (32) fixedly connected with the rotary supporting platform (31) and a plurality of propeller yawing devices (33), wherein an annular guide structure (321) is formed at the bottom of the fixed connecting ring disc (32), the propeller yawing devices (33) are uniformly fixed on the outer circumference of the fixed connecting ring disc (32) and used for driving the water platform (30) to rotate, and the tower barrel (20) is fixed on the rotary supporting platform (31);
the mooring system (40) comprises at least three groups of fixing mechanisms (41), connecting ropes (42) and locking devices (43) which are sequentially connected, the fixing mechanisms (41) are used for being fixed on the water bottom, and the locking devices (43) are in guiding fit with the annular guide structures (321); the locking device (43) can be switched between a locking state in which the locking device (43) is fixed relative to the fixed connection ring plate (32) and an unlocking state in which the locking device (43) can slide along the annular guide structure (321) relative to the fixed connection ring plate (32);
and a yaw controller in electrical signal connection with each locking device (43) to control the locking state of each locking device (43), the yaw controller in electrical signal connection with each propeller yaw device (33) to control the operating state of each propeller yaw device (33).
2. The single wind turbine automatic yaw power generation system of claim 1, characterized in that the wind turbine (10) comprises: the wind power generation device comprises a cabin (12), a hub (13) arranged on the cabin (12) and three blades (14) fixed on the hub (13), wherein the three blades (14) can synchronously rotate along with the hub (13);
the nacelle (12) is fixed to the top of the tower (20).
3. The single wind wheel automatic yaw power generation system of claim 1, characterized in that the blades (14) are made of metal; the center of gravity of the wind turbine (10) and the tower drum (20) is located at the center of the water platform (30).
4. The single wind wheel automatic yaw generating system of claim 1, wherein each propeller yaw means (33) is equidistant from a center of the rotating support platform (31).
5. The single wind turbine automatic yaw generating system according to claim 1, wherein a rotational axial direction of each of the propeller yawing devices (33) is perpendicular to a radial direction of the rotating support platform (31), and the number of the propeller yawing devices (33) is equal to or greater than 3.
6. The single-wind-wheel automatic yawing power generating system according to claim 1, wherein an anemoscope is arranged on the top of a cabin to which the wind turbine (10) is connected, and the anemoscope is used for detecting the wind speed and the direction of the environment where the wind turbine (10) is located in real time; the power supply of the anemorumbometer is provided by the fan (10).
7. The single wind wheel automatic yaw power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the annular guide structure (321) is an annular guide groove provided at the bottom of the fixed connection ring disc (32), or the annular guide structure (321) is an annular guide rail provided at the bottom of the fixed connection ring disc (32).
8. The single-rotor automatic yaw power generation system of claim 1, wherein the above-water platform (30) further includes a plurality of pontoons (34) fixed to an outer circumferential surface of the rotating support platform (31), the plurality of pontoons (34) being equally spaced around the rotating support platform (31).
9. The single wind wheel automatic yaw power generation system according to claim 8, wherein a flywheel energy storage device (341) is arranged in each buoy (34), and the flywheel energy storage device (341) is electrically connected with the fan (10) and used for storing electric energy generated by rotation of the fan (10).
10. The single wind wheel automatic yaw power generation system of claim 9, characterized in that the flywheel energy storage device (341) is a full magnetic levitation flywheel device or a flywheel energy storage device with a combination of magnetic levitation bearings and mechanical bearings.
11. The single wind turbine automatic yaw power generation system of claim 9, characterized in that momentum moment H of the flywheel energy storage device (341) isM＝JM(ω + θ); the momentum moment H of the fan (10)G＝(JG—JM)θ；
Overturning moment M of incoming flow wind speed on unitWind powerThe following conditions are satisfied:
Figure FDA0003249004030000021
overturning moment M of water surface waves on unitWave ofThe following conditions are satisfied:
Mwave of＝∫0 rdr∫0 SΔP(r*n)ds
In the formula: hM-moment of momentum of the flywheel energy storage means;
HG-the momentum moment of the fan;
JM-flywheel energy storage means moment of inertia;
JG-the rotational inertia of the fan;
omega-flywheel energy storage device rotor angular velocity;
theta is the included angle between the axis of the tower and the normal line of the water surface;
l is the distance between the top of the fan and the water surface;
r is the distance from the outer edge of the submerged bottom surface of the fan to the gravity center of the fan and the vertical line of the water surface;
a is the area of the windward side of the fan;
s, wetting the surface of a fan;
c is wind resistance coefficient;
ρ is air density;
v-incoming wind speed;
Δ P-wave pressure;
n-the unit external normal vector of S;
r-position vector of wave pressure action point relative to fan coordinate system.
12. The single wind turbine automatic yaw power generation system of claim 11, characterized in that the target rotational speed of the flywheel energy storage device (341) is calculated according to the following balance formula:
Figure FDA0003249004030000031
13. a yaw control method of the single wind turbine automatic yaw generating system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, comprising:
when the fan (10) does not need to be controlled to yaw, the yaw controller sends a control signal to the locking device (43) to enable the locking device (43) to be in a locking state;
when the fan (10) needs to be controlled to yaw, the yaw controller sends a control signal to the locking device (43) to enable the locking device (43) to be in an open state, after receiving a feedback signal of the open state of the locking device (43), the yaw controller sends a yaw operation command to the propeller yaw device (33), and the propeller yaw device (33) is started to push the above-water platform (30) to rotate; after the yaw controller receives a position feedback signal that the yaw angle of the fan (10) reaches a preset control angle, the yaw controller controls the propeller yaw device (33) to stop running; and after receiving the feedback signal of the stop running state of the propeller yawing device (33), the yawing controller controls the locking device (43) to lock, so that the water platform (30) is kept in a locking state.
CN202111040245.3A 2021-09-06 2021-09-06 Single-wind-wheel automatic yawing power generation system and yawing control method thereof Pending CN113719421A (en)

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