CN113719328A - Supercritical carbon dioxide compression energy storage power generation system - Google Patents

Supercritical carbon dioxide compression energy storage power generation system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113719328A
CN113719328A CN202110932566.8A CN202110932566A CN113719328A CN 113719328 A CN113719328 A CN 113719328A CN 202110932566 A CN202110932566 A CN 202110932566A CN 113719328 A CN113719328 A CN 113719328A
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inlet
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medium
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CN113719328B (en
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汪尔奇
张诺贝
杨星宇
王天天
张扬
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Tsinghua University
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Tsinghua University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/14—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having both steam accumulator and heater, e.g. superheating accumulator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B37/00—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00
    • F04B37/10—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for special use
    • F04B37/12—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for special use to obtain high pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B37/00—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00
    • F04B37/10—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for special use
    • F04B37/18—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for special use for specific elastic fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/06—Cooling; Heating; Prevention of freezing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B41/00—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04B41/02—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids having reservoirs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a supercritical carbon dioxide compression energy storage power generation system, which comprises a low-pressure gas storage system, a first heat exchange device, a gas compressor, a high-pressure gas storage container, a second heat exchange device, a turbine and a power generation device, wherein the low-pressure gas storage system is provided with a gas storage system inlet and a gas storage system outlet; the first heat exchange device is provided with a first cold side inlet and a first cold side outlet, the first hot side inlet is connected with the outlet of the gas storage system, and the first hot side outlet is connected with the inlet of the compressor; the outlet of the compressor is connected with the inlet of the air storage container; the second heat exchange device is provided with a second cold side inlet and a second cold side outlet, and the gas storage container outlet is connected with the second cold side inlet; and the outlet of the second cold side is connected with the inlet of a turbine, the outlet of the turbine is connected with the inlet of a gas storage system, and the turbine is connected with a power generation device. The supercritical carbon dioxide compression energy storage power generation system provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of small overall size and the like.

Description

Supercritical carbon dioxide compression energy storage power generation system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage, in particular to a supercritical carbon dioxide compression energy storage power generation system.
Background
With the increasing social power demand, the problem of fluctuation of the power demand needs to be solved urgently. Due to the production rule of human beings, the electricity demand fluctuates obviously in a period of one day, the generated power of the power supply side is difficult to change flexibly, and the surplus power supply in the electricity consumption valley period can cause a large amount of energy loss. Therefore, various energy storage systems are proposed, and energy storage and energy release are performed in a one-day period, so that the peak regulation function of the power grid is achieved. The compressed air energy storage power generation system in the related art has the problem of large overall space size.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is based on the discovery and recognition by the inventors of the following facts and problems:
the compressed air energy storage power generation system is a thermodynamic energy storage technology using air as a working medium, but the storage density of high-pressure air is low, and a large storage space is usually needed to store the high-pressure air, so that the overall space size of the air compression energy storage power generation system is large.
The matching of power utilization for power generation and low carbon emission reduction are important development trends of current power generation systems, the storage and utilization of carbon dioxide, the peak regulation of a power grid and the like are key points of scientific research, and compared with air as a medium, supercritical carbon dioxide has excellent thermophysical properties and higher storage density and can also solve the storage and utilization of carbon dioxide, and the main problems are the storage of low-pressure carbon dioxide and the design of a compressed carbon dioxide energy storage circulation system adaptive to the low-pressure carbon dioxide.
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a supercritical carbon dioxide compression energy storage power generation system with small overall size.
The method comprises the following steps:
a low pressure gas storage system for storing low pressure carbon dioxide gas, the low pressure gas storage system having a gas storage system inlet and a gas storage system outlet;
the first heat exchange device is provided with a first cold side inlet, a first cold side outlet, a first hot side inlet and a first hot side outlet, and the first hot side inlet is connected with the gas storage system outlet;
the first hot side outlet is connected with the compressor inlet so as to obtain supercritical carbon dioxide at the compressor outlet;
the high-pressure gas storage container is used for storing the supercritical carbon dioxide and is provided with a gas storage container inlet and a gas storage container outlet, and the gas compressor outlet is connected with the gas storage container inlet;
the second heat exchange device is provided with a second hot side inlet, a second hot side outlet, a second cold side inlet and a second cold side outlet, and the gas storage container outlet is connected with the second cold side inlet; and
the turbine is provided with a turbine inlet and a turbine outlet, the second cold side outlet is connected with the turbine inlet so as to obtain the low-pressure carbon dioxide gas at the turbine outlet, the turbine outlet is connected with the air storage system inlet, and the turbine is connected with the power generation device.
The supercritical carbon dioxide compression energy storage power generation system has the advantages of small overall size and the like.
In some embodiments, the low pressure gas storage system comprises:
the absorption reactor is provided with an absorbent inlet, an absorption gas inlet and an absorption product outlet, and the absorption gas inlet is connected with the turbine outlet;
a product tank having a product tank inlet and a product tank outlet, the absorption product outlet being connected to the product tank inlet;
a calcination reactor having an absorbed product inlet and a decomposed product outlet, the product storage tank outlet being connected to the absorbed product inlet;
a first separator having a first separator inlet, a first solids outlet, and a first gas outlet, the decomposition products outlet being connected to the first separator inlet, the first gas outlet being connected to the first hot side inlet; and
the absorbent storage tank is provided with an absorbent storage tank inlet and an absorbent storage tank outlet, the first solid outlet is connected with the absorbent storage tank inlet, and the absorbent storage tank outlet is connected with the absorbent inlet.
In some embodiments, the low pressure gas storage system further comprises:
a second separator having a second separator inlet, a second solids outlet, and a second gas outlet, the second separator inlet connected to the absorbent product outlet, the second solids outlet connected to the absorbent product inlet; and
the low-pressure gas storage tank is provided with a gas storage tank inlet and a gas storage tank outlet, and the second gas outlet is connected with the gas storage tank inlet.
In some embodiments, the low pressure gas storage system further comprises:
a first riser having a first riser inlet and a first riser outlet, said absorption reactor further having a first lift gas inlet, said first lift gas inlet connected to said turbine outlet, said absorbed product outlet connected to said first riser inlet, said first riser outlet connected to said second separator inlet; and
the second riser is provided with a second riser inlet and a second riser outlet, the calcination reactor is further provided with a second lifting gas inlet, the second lifting gas inlet is connected with the gas storage tank outlet, the decomposition product outlet is connected with the second riser inlet, and the second riser outlet is connected with the first separator inlet.
In some embodiments, the low pressure gas storage system further comprises an absorbent heat exchanger having an absorbent cold side inlet, an absorbent cold side outlet, an absorbent hot side inlet, and an absorbent hot side outlet, the absorbent hot side inlet coupled to the absorbent storage tank outlet, the absorbent hot side outlet coupled to the absorbent inlet, the absorbent cold side inlet coupled to the turbine outlet, and the absorbent cold side outlet coupled to each of the absorption gas inlet and the first lift gas inlet.
In some embodiments, the rankine cycle device further comprises a rankine cycle device, the rankine cycle device comprises a medium pump, an evaporator, a steam turbine and a condenser, the medium pump, the evaporator, the steam turbine and the condenser are sequentially connected so that a circulating medium circulates in the medium pump, the evaporator, the steam turbine and the condenser, a part of a pipeline connecting the medium pump and the steam turbine is wound outside the absorption reactor, the evaporator comprises the absorption reactor and the part of the pipeline, and the steam turbine is connected with the power generation device.
In some embodiments, the condenser has a condenser cold side inlet, a condenser cold side outlet, a condenser hot side inlet, and a condenser hot side outlet, the air reservoir outlet is connected to the condenser cold side inlet, the condenser cold side outlet is connected to the second cold side inlet, and the condenser hot side inlet is adapted to communicate with the circulating medium.
In some embodiments, the air conditioner further comprises a waste heat recovery heat exchanger having a recovery cold side inlet, a recovery cold side outlet, a recovery hot side inlet and a recovery hot side outlet, the recovery hot side inlet being connected to the compressor outlet, and the recovery hot side outlet being connected to the air storage container inlet.
In some embodiments, the first heat exchange means comprises:
the first high-temperature heat exchanger is provided with a first high-temperature hot side inlet, a first high-temperature hot side outlet, a first high-temperature cold side inlet and a first high-temperature cold side outlet, the first high-temperature hot side inlet is connected with the gas storage system outlet, the first high-temperature hot side inlet forms the first hot side inlet, and the first high-temperature cold side outlet forms the first cold side outlet; and
the first low-temperature heat exchanger is provided with a first low-temperature hot side inlet, a first low-temperature hot side outlet, a first low-temperature cold side inlet and a first low-temperature cold side outlet, the first low-temperature hot side inlet is connected with the first high-temperature hot side outlet, the first low-temperature hot side outlet is connected with the compressor inlet, the first low-temperature hot side outlet forms the first hot side outlet, and the first low-temperature cold side inlet forms the first cold side inlet;
the second heat exchange device comprises:
the second high-temperature heat exchanger is provided with a second high-temperature hot side inlet, a second high-temperature hot side outlet, a second high-temperature cold side inlet and a second high-temperature cold side outlet, the second high-temperature cold side outlet is connected with the turbine inlet, the second high-temperature hot side inlet forms the second hot side inlet, and the second high-temperature cold side outlet forms the second cold side outlet; and
the second low-temperature heat exchanger is provided with a second low-temperature hot side inlet, a second low-temperature hot side outlet, a second low-temperature cold side inlet and a second low-temperature cold side outlet, the second low-temperature cold side inlet is connected with the gas storage container outlet, the second low-temperature cold side outlet is connected with the second high-temperature cold side inlet, the second low-temperature hot side outlet forms the second hot side outlet, and the second cold side low-temperature inlet forms the second cold side inlet.
In some embodiments, the first heat exchange device further comprises:
the high-temperature medium high-temperature storage tank is provided with a first high-temperature medium inlet and a first high-temperature medium outlet, the first high-temperature medium inlet is connected with the first high-temperature cold side outlet, and the first high-temperature medium outlet is connected with the second high-temperature hot side inlet;
the high-temperature medium low-temperature storage tank is provided with a second high-temperature medium inlet and a second high-temperature medium outlet, the second high-temperature medium inlet is connected with the second high-temperature hot side outlet, and the second high-temperature medium outlet is connected with the first high-temperature cold side inlet;
the low-temperature medium high-temperature storage tank is provided with a first low-temperature medium inlet and a first low-temperature medium outlet, the first low-temperature medium inlet is connected with the first low-temperature cold side outlet, and the first low-temperature medium outlet is connected with the second low-temperature hot side inlet; and
the low-temperature medium low-temperature storage tank is provided with a second low-temperature medium inlet and a second low-temperature medium outlet, the second low-temperature medium inlet is connected with the second low-temperature hot side outlet, and the second low-temperature medium outlet is connected with the first low-temperature cold side inlet.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a supercritical carbon dioxide compression energy storage power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the energy storage portion of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the power generating portion of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the medium and low pressure gas storage system and the rankine cycle device of the supercritical carbon dioxide compression energy storage power generation system according to one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the low pressure gas storage system of FIG. 4.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the configuration at the rankine cycle device in fig. 4.
Reference numerals:
a supercritical carbon dioxide compression energy storage power generation system 100;
a low pressure gas storage system 1; a gas storage system inlet 101; a gas storage system outlet 102;
an absorption reactor 11; an absorbent inlet 111; an absorption gas inlet 112; an absorption product outlet 113; a first lift gas inlet 114;
a calcination reactor 12; an absorption product inlet 121; a decomposition product outlet 122; a second lift gas inlet 123;
a low-pressure gas tank 13; a gas reservoir inlet 131; a gas reservoir outlet 132;
a first separator 14; a first separator inlet 141; a first solids outlet 142; a first gas outlet 143;
a second separator 15; a second separator inlet 151; a second solids outlet 152; a second gas outlet 153;
a product tank 16; a product tank inlet 161; a product reservoir outlet 162;
an absorbent storage tank 17; an absorbent reservoir inlet 171; an absorbent tank outlet 172;
a first riser 18; a first riser inlet 181; a first riser outlet 182;
a second riser 19; a second riser inlet 191; a second riser outlet 192;
a first air pump 103;
a second air pump 104;
an absorbent heat exchanger 105; absorbent cold side inlet 1051; an absorbent cold side outlet 1052; an absorbent hot side inlet 1053; an absorbent hot side outlet 1054;
a first heat exchange means 2; a first cold side inlet 201; a first cold-side outlet 202; a first hot side inlet 203; a first hot side outlet 204;
a second heat exchange means 3; a second cold side inlet 303; a second cold-side outlet 304; a second hot side inlet 303; a second hot side outlet 304;
a first high temperature heat exchanger 21; a first high temperature hot side inlet 211; a first high temperature hot side outlet 212; a first high temperature cold side inlet 213; a first high temperature cold side outlet 214;
a first cryogenic heat exchanger 25; a first low temperature hot side inlet 251; a first low temperature hot side outlet 252; a first low temperature cold side inlet 253; a first low temperature cold side outlet 254;
a second high temperature heat exchanger 22; a second high temperature hot side inlet 221; a second high temperature hot side outlet 222; a second high temperature cold side inlet 223; a second high temperature cold side outlet 224;
a second cryogenic heat exchanger 26; a second low temperature hot side inlet 261; a second low temperature hot side outlet 262; a second cryogenic cold side inlet 263; a second low temperature cold side outlet 264;
a high-temperature medium high-temperature storage tank 23; a high temperature medium first inlet 231; a high temperature medium first outlet 232; a high-temperature medium high-temperature pump 233;
a high-temperature medium low-temperature storage tank 24; a high temperature medium second inlet 241; a high-temperature medium second outlet 242; a high-temperature medium cryopump 243;
a low-temperature medium high-temperature storage tank 27; a cryogenic medium first inlet 271; a cryogenic medium first outlet 272; a low temperature medium high temperature pump 273;
a low-temperature medium low-temperature storage tank 28; a low temperature medium second inlet 281; a low temperature medium second outlet 282; a low-temperature medium low-temperature pump 283;
a compressor 4; a compressor inlet 401; a compressor outlet 402;
a high-pressure gas storage container 5; an air reservoir inlet 501; an air container outlet 502;
a turbine 6; a turbine inlet 601; a turbine outlet 602;
a Rankine cycle device 7; an evaporator; a condenser 701; condenser cold side inlet 7011; a condenser cold side outlet 7012; the condenser hot side inlet 7013; a condenser hot side outlet 7014;
a power generation device 8;
a waste heat recovery heat exchanger 9; a recovery cold side inlet 901; a recovery cold side outlet 902; a recovered heat side inlet 903; a recovered heat side outlet 904;
a first valve 1001;
a second valve 1002;
a third valve 1003;
a fourth valve 1004;
a fifth valve 1005;
a sixth valve 1006;
a seventh valve 1007.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, a supercritical carbon dioxide compression energy storage power generation system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a low-pressure gas storage system 1, a first heat exchange device 2, a compressor 4, a high-pressure gas storage container 5, a second heat exchange device 3, a turbine 6, and a power generation device 8.
The low pressure gas storage system 1 is used to store low pressure carbon dioxide gas, and the low pressure gas storage system 1 has a gas storage system inlet 101 and a gas storage system outlet 102. The first heat exchange device 2 has a first cold-side inlet 201, a first cold-side outlet 202, a first hot-side inlet 203, and a first hot-side outlet 204, and the first hot-side inlet 203 is connected to the gas storage system outlet 102. The compressor 4 has a compressor inlet 401 and a compressor outlet 402, and the first hot side outlet 204 is connected to the compressor inlet 401 to obtain supercritical carbon dioxide at the compressor outlet 402.
The high pressure gas storage vessel 5 is used for storing supercritical carbon dioxide, the high pressure gas storage vessel 5 has a gas storage vessel inlet 501 and a gas storage vessel outlet 502, and the compressor outlet 402 is connected to the gas storage vessel inlet 501.
The second heat exchange means 3 has a second hot side inlet 301, a second hot side outlet 302, a second cold side inlet 303, and a second cold side outlet 304, and the gas container outlet 502 is connected to the second cold side inlet 303. The turbine 6 has a turbine inlet 601 and a turbine outlet 602, the second cold side outlet 304 is connected to the turbine inlet 601 to obtain low pressure carbon dioxide gas at the turbine outlet 602, the turbine outlet 602 is connected to the air storage system inlet 101, and the turbine 6 is connected to the power plant 8.
During the electricity consumption valley period, the high-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide gas flows out from the outlet 102 of the gas storage system, the high-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide gas enters the first heat exchange device 2 through the first hot side inlet 203, a first low-temperature heat exchange medium is introduced into the first heat exchange device 2 through the first cold side inlet 201, the first low-temperature heat exchange medium is changed into a first high-temperature heat exchange medium after exchanging heat with the high-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide gas and flows out from the first cold side outlet 202, and the high-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide gas is changed into a low-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide gas after exchanging heat with the first low-temperature heat exchange medium and flows out from the first hot side outlet 204. Then, the low-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide gas enters the compressor 4 from the compressor inlet 401, and the low-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide gas is compressed by the compressor 4 and then becomes low-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide. The low-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide enters the high-pressure gas storage container 5 through the gas storage container outlet 501 and is stored. The high pressure gas storage container 5 may be a high pressure gas storage salt cavern. The compressor 4 converts the part of the surplus electric energy into the internal energy of the low-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide for storage by using the surplus electric energy in the power grid at the electricity utilization valley period.
During the electricity consumption peak period, the low-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide flows out of the outlet 502 of the gas storage container, the low-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide enters the second heat exchange device 3 through the second cold side inlet 303, a second high-temperature heat exchange medium is introduced into the second heat exchange device 3 through the second hot side inlet 301, the second high-temperature heat exchange medium is changed into a second low-temperature heat exchange medium after exchanging heat with the low-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide and flows out of the second hot side outlet 302, and the low-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide is changed into high-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide after exchanging heat with the second high-temperature heat exchange medium and flows out of the second cold side outlet 202. Then, the high-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide enters the turbine 6 from the turbine inlet 601, and the high-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide works on the turbine 6 and then becomes low-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide gas. The turbine 6 is connected to a power plant 8 to provide sufficient power to the grid. The low-temperature and low-pressure carbon dioxide gas enters the low-pressure gas storage system 1 through the gas storage system inlet 101 and is stored.
The first heat exchange medium and the second heat exchange medium can be the same medium or different media.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the low and high temperatures are relative terms, for example the temperature of the first high temperature heat exchange medium is higher than the temperature of the first low temperature heat exchange medium.
The supercritical carbon dioxide compression energy storage power generation system 100 of the embodiment of the invention absorbs the excess electric quantity in the power grid through the transcritical carbon dioxide (the state change between the supercritical carbon dioxide and the subcritical carbon dioxide exists), releases and generates power when the power grid has high power demand, and can be matched with a thermal power plant to improve the load regulation capacity of the power generation system to realize the functions of peak clipping and valley filling. Because supercritical carbon dioxide has outstanding thermophysical properties and higher storage density, consequently, with surplus electric energy storage in supercritical carbon dioxide, can improve energy storage density greatly to the size of high-pressure gas storage container 5 can significantly reduce, thereby significantly reduces the whole size of compression energy storage power generation system. In addition, the circulating system takes carbon dioxide as a working medium, so that the storage and utilization of the carbon dioxide are realized, and the problem of carbon emission is solved.
Therefore, the supercritical carbon dioxide compression energy storage power generation system 100 according to the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of small overall size and the like.
Optionally, a first valve 1001 is provided between the gas storage system outlet 102 and the first hot side inlet 203, a second valve 1002 is provided between the compressor outlet 402 and the gas storage container inlet 501, a third valve 1003 is provided between the second cold side inlet 303 and the gas storage container outlet 502, and a fourth valve 1004 is provided between the turbine outlet 602 and the gas storage system inlet 101.
In the power consumption valley period, the first valve 1001 and the second valve 1002 are opened, and the third valve 1003 and the fourth valve 1004 are closed. At this time, the gas storage system outlet 102 is communicated with the first hot side inlet 203, the first hot side outlet 204 is communicated with the compressor inlet 401, the compressor outlet 402 is communicated with the gas storage container inlet 501, and meanwhile, the gas storage container outlet 502 is disconnected from the second cold side inlet 303 and the turbine outlet 602 is disconnected from the gas storage system inlet 101, so that the storage of the surplus electric power in the electricity consumption valley period is realized.
During peak power usage, the first and second valves 1001, 1002 are closed and the third and fourth valves 1003, 1004 are opened. At this time, the gas storage system outlet 102 and the first hot side inlet 203, and the compressor outlet 402 and the gas storage container inlet 501 are disconnected, and meanwhile, the gas storage container outlet 502 is communicated with the second cold side inlet 303, the second cold side outlet 304 is communicated with the turbine inlet 601, and the turbine outlet 602 is communicated with the gas storage system inlet 101, so that the surplus electric quantity stored in the electricity consumption valley period is released, and the electricity consumption requirement in the electricity consumption peak period is met.
In some embodiments, the first heat exchange device 2 comprises a first high temperature heat exchanger 21 and a first low temperature heat exchanger 25. The first high temperature heat exchanger 21 has a first high temperature hot side inlet 211, a first high temperature hot side outlet 212, a first high temperature cold side inlet 213 and a first high temperature cold side outlet 214. The first high-temperature hot-side inlet 211 is connected with the gas storage system outlet 102, the first high-temperature hot-side inlet 211 forms a first hot-side inlet 203, and the first high-temperature cold-side outlet 214 forms a first cold-side outlet 202.
The first cryogenic heat exchanger 25 has a first cryogenic hot side inlet 251, a first cryogenic hot side outlet 252, a first cryogenic cold side inlet 253, and a first cryogenic cold side outlet 254. The first low temperature hot side inlet 251 is connected to the first high temperature hot side outlet 212, the first low temperature hot side outlet 252 is connected to the compressor inlet 401, the first low temperature hot side outlet 252 forms the first hot side outlet 204, and the first low temperature cold side inlet 253 forms the first cold side inlet 201.
During the electricity consumption valley period, the high-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide gas flowing out from the outlet 102 of the gas storage system enters the first high-temperature heat exchanger 21 through the first high-temperature hot-side inlet 211, and a first high-medium-temperature heat exchange medium is introduced into the first heat exchange device 2 through the first high-temperature cold-side inlet 213. The first high and medium temperature heat exchange medium exchanges heat with the high temperature and low pressure carbon dioxide gas to become a first high temperature heat exchange medium and flows out from the first high temperature cold side outlet 214, and the high temperature and low pressure carbon dioxide gas exchanges heat with the first high and medium temperature heat exchange medium to become a medium temperature and low pressure carbon dioxide gas and flows out from the first high temperature hot side outlet 212.
Then, the medium-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide gas enters the first low-temperature heat exchanger 25 through the first low-temperature hot-side inlet 251, and the first low-temperature heat exchange medium is introduced into the second low-temperature heat exchanger 25 through the first low-temperature cold-side inlet 253. The first low-temperature heat exchange medium is changed into a first low-medium temperature heat exchange medium after exchanging heat with the medium-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide gas and flows out of the first high-temperature cold side outlet 254, and the medium-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide gas is changed into a low-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide gas after exchanging heat with the first low-temperature heat exchange medium and flows out of the first high-temperature hot side outlet 252.
Then, the low-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide gas enters the compressor 4 from the compressor inlet 401, and the low-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide gas is compressed by the compressor 4 and then becomes low-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide.
The second heat exchange means 3 comprises a second high temperature heat exchanger 22 and a second low temperature heat exchanger 26. The second high temperature heat exchanger 22 has a second high temperature hot side inlet 221, a second high temperature hot side outlet 222, a second high temperature cold side inlet 223, and a second high temperature cold side outlet 224. The second high temperature cold side outlet 224 is connected to the turbine inlet 601, the second high temperature hot side inlet 221 forms the second hot side inlet 301, and the second high temperature cold side outlet 224 forms the second cold side outlet 304.
The second cryogenic heat exchanger 26 has a second cryogenic hot side inlet 261, a second cryogenic hot side outlet 262, a second cryogenic cold side inlet 263 and a second cryogenic cold side outlet 264. The second low temperature cold side inlet 263 is connected to the gas storage container outlet 502, the second low temperature cold side outlet 264 is connected to the second high temperature cold side inlet 223, the second low temperature hot side outlet 262 forms the second hot side outlet 302, and the second low temperature cold side inlet 263 forms the second cold side inlet 303.
During the electricity consumption peak period, the low-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide flowing out of the gas storage container outlet 502 enters the second low-temperature heat exchanger 26 through the second low-temperature cold-side inlet 263, a second low-medium temperature heat exchange medium is introduced into the second low-temperature heat exchanger 26 through the second low-temperature hot-side inlet 261, the second low-medium temperature heat exchange medium and the low-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide change into a second low-temperature heat exchange medium after heat exchange, and flow out of the second low-temperature hot-side outlet 262, and the low-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide and the second low-medium temperature heat exchange medium change into medium-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide and flow out of the second low-temperature cold-side outlet 264 after heat exchange.
Then, the medium-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide enters the second high-temperature heat exchanger 22 through the second high-temperature cold-side inlet 223, a second high-temperature heat exchange medium is introduced into the second high-temperature heat exchanger 22 through the second high-temperature hot-side inlet 221, the second high-temperature heat exchange medium and the medium-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide change into a second high-medium-temperature heat exchange medium after heat exchange and flow out from the second high-temperature hot-side outlet 222, and the medium-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide change into high-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide after heat exchange with the second high-temperature heat exchange medium and flow out from the second high-temperature cold-side outlet 224.
Then, the high-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide enters the turbine 6 from the turbine inlet 601, and the high-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide works on the turbine 6 and then becomes low-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide gas.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that low temperature, high temperature and medium temperature are relative terms, for example, the temperature of the high temperature low pressure carbon dioxide gas is higher than the temperature of the medium temperature low pressure carbon dioxide gas, and the temperature of the medium temperature low pressure carbon dioxide gas is higher than the temperature of the low temperature low pressure carbon dioxide gas.
The first high-medium temperature heat exchange medium, the first low-temperature heat exchange medium, the second low-medium temperature heat exchange medium and the second high-temperature heat exchange medium may be different, or two, three or four of the first high-medium temperature heat exchange medium, the first low-medium temperature heat exchange medium, the second low-medium temperature heat exchange medium and the second high-temperature heat exchange medium may be the same. The temperature of the first low and medium temperature heat exchange medium is lower than that of the first high and medium temperature heat exchange medium. The temperature of the second low and medium temperature heat exchange medium is lower than that of the second high and medium temperature heat exchange medium.
From this, can realize the multistage cooling of high temperature carbon dioxide gas through first high temperature heat exchanger 21 and first low temperature heat exchanger 25 to be favorable to improving first heat transfer device 2's heat exchange efficiency, utilize second high temperature heat exchanger 22 and second low temperature heat exchanger 26 can realize the multistage heating of low temperature high pressure supercritical carbon dioxide, thereby be favorable to improving second heat transfer device 3's heat exchange efficiency, and then be favorable to improving the performance of supercritical carbon dioxide compression energy storage power generation system 100.
In some embodiments, the first heat exchange device 2 further comprises a high temperature medium storage tank 23, a low temperature medium storage tank 24, a high temperature medium storage tank 27, and a low temperature medium storage tank 28.
The high-temperature medium high-temperature storage tank 23 has a high-temperature medium first inlet 231 and a high-temperature medium first outlet 232. The high temperature medium first inlet 231 is connected to the first high temperature cold side outlet 214, and the high temperature medium first outlet 232 is connected to the second high temperature hot side inlet 221.
The high temperature medium low temperature storage tank 24 has a high temperature medium second inlet 241 and a high temperature medium second outlet 242. The high temperature medium second inlet 241 is connected to the second high temperature hot side outlet 222, and the high temperature medium second outlet 242 is connected to the first high temperature cold side inlet 213.
The low-temperature medium high-temperature storage tank 27 is provided with a low-temperature medium first inlet 271 and a low-temperature medium first outlet 272. A first cryogenic medium inlet 271 is connected to the first cold side outlet 254 and a first cryogenic medium outlet 272 is connected to the second hot side inlet 261.
The low-temperature medium low-temperature storage tank 28 is provided with a low-temperature medium second inlet 281 and a low-temperature medium second outlet 282. A second low temperature medium inlet 281 is connected to the second low temperature hot side outlet 262 and a second low temperature medium outlet 282 is connected to the first low temperature cold side inlet 253.
In the electricity consumption valley period, the first high and medium temperature heat exchange medium flows out from the high temperature medium second outlet 242 of the high temperature medium low temperature storage tank 24 and enters the first high temperature heat exchanger 21 through the first high temperature cold side inlet 213; the first high and medium temperature heat exchange medium exchanges heat with the high temperature low pressure carbon dioxide gas in the first high temperature heat exchanger 21 and then becomes a first high temperature heat exchange medium, the first high temperature heat exchange medium flows out from the first high temperature cold side outlet 214 of the first high temperature heat exchanger 21, and then enters the high temperature medium high temperature storage tank 23 through the high temperature medium first inlet 231 and is stored. The first low-temperature heat exchange medium flows out of a low-temperature medium second outlet 282 of the low-temperature medium low-temperature storage tank 28 and enters the second low-temperature heat exchanger 25 through a first low-temperature cold-side inlet 253; the first low-temperature heat exchange medium exchanges heat with the medium-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide gas in the second low-temperature heat exchanger 25 to become the first low-medium temperature heat exchange medium, the first low-medium temperature heat exchange medium flows out from the first high-temperature cold-side outlet 254 of the second low-temperature heat exchanger 25, and then enters the low-temperature medium high-temperature storage tank 27 through the low-temperature medium first inlet 271 to be stored.
During the peak period of electricity utilization, the second low and medium temperature heat exchange medium (the first low and medium temperature heat exchange medium) flows out from the low temperature medium first outlet 272 of the low temperature medium high temperature storage tank 27 and enters the second low temperature heat exchanger 26 through the second low temperature hot side inlet 261; the second low-medium temperature heat exchange medium is changed into a second low-temperature heat exchange medium (a first low-temperature heat exchange medium) after exchanging heat with the low-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide in the second low-temperature heat exchanger 26, and the second low-temperature heat exchange medium flows out from a second low-temperature hot side outlet 262 of the second low-temperature heat exchanger 26 and then enters the low-temperature medium low-temperature storage tank 28 through a low-temperature medium second inlet 281 to be stored. The second high-temperature heat exchange medium (first high-temperature heat exchange medium) flows out of the first high-temperature medium outlet 232 of the high-temperature medium high-temperature storage tank 23 and enters the second high-temperature heat exchanger 22 through the second high-temperature hot-side inlet 221; the second high-temperature heat exchange medium exchanges heat with the medium-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide in the second high-temperature heat exchanger 22 and then becomes a second high-medium-temperature heat exchange medium (a first high-medium-temperature heat exchange medium), and the second high-medium-temperature heat exchange medium flows out from a second high-temperature hot-side outlet 222 of the second high-temperature heat exchanger 22; and then enters the high temperature medium low temperature storage tank 24 through the high temperature medium second inlet 241 to be stored.
Therefore, the first high-temperature heat exchange medium, the second high-temperature heat exchange medium, the first high-medium-temperature heat exchange medium and the second high-medium-temperature heat exchange medium are the same, the first high-temperature heat exchange medium, the second high-temperature heat exchange medium, the first high-medium-temperature heat exchange medium and the second high-medium-temperature heat exchange medium are all high-temperature media, and the high-temperature media can circularly flow in the high-temperature medium low-temperature storage tank 24, the first high-temperature heat exchanger 21, the high-temperature medium high-temperature storage tank 23 and the second high-temperature heat exchanger 22. The first low and medium temperature heat exchange medium, the second low and medium temperature heat exchange medium and the first low temperature heat exchange medium are the same, the first low and medium temperature heat exchange medium, the second low and medium temperature heat exchange medium and the first low temperature heat exchange medium are all low temperature media, and the low temperature media can circularly flow in the low temperature medium low temperature storage tank 28, the first low temperature heat exchanger 25, the low temperature medium high temperature storage tank 27 and the second low temperature heat exchanger 26.
Thus, at the time of the electricity consumption valley period, the heat absorbed by the high-temperature medium from the high-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide gas can be stored in the high-temperature medium, and the heat absorbed by the low-temperature medium from the medium-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide gas can be stored in the low-temperature medium. During the electricity utilization peak period, the heat stored in the low-temperature medium can be released to heat the low-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide, and the heat stored in the high-temperature medium can be released to heat the low-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide to obtain the high-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide. Thereby fully utilizing the heat in the high-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide and being beneficial to saving energy.
Optionally, the high temperature medium is a liquid carbonate and the low temperature medium is a liquid nitrate.
Optionally, a high-temperature medium high-temperature pump 233 is disposed between the high-temperature medium high-temperature storage tank 23 and the second high-temperature heat exchanger 22, so that the high-temperature medium in the high-temperature medium high-temperature storage tank 23 is pumped into the second high-temperature heat exchanger 22 by the high-temperature medium high-temperature pump 233. A high-temperature medium cryopump 243 is disposed between the high-temperature medium cryogenic storage tank 24 and the first high-temperature heat exchanger 21, so that the high-temperature medium in the high-temperature medium cryogenic storage tank 24 is pumped into the first high-temperature heat exchanger 21 by the high-temperature medium cryopump 243. The low-temperature medium high-temperature storage tank 27 and the second low-temperature heat exchanger 26 are directly provided with a low-temperature medium high-temperature pump 273, so that the low-temperature medium in the low-temperature medium high-temperature storage tank 27 is pumped into the second low-temperature heat exchanger 26 by using the low-temperature medium high-temperature pump 273. A low-temperature medium low-temperature pump 283 is arranged between the low-temperature medium low-temperature storage tank 28 and the first low-temperature heat exchanger 25, so that the low-temperature medium in the low-temperature medium low-temperature storage tank 28 is pumped into the first low-temperature heat exchanger 25 by the low-temperature medium low-temperature pump 283.
In some embodiments, the supercritical carbon dioxide compression energy storage power generation system 100 further comprises a waste heat recovery heat exchanger 9. The waste heat recovery heat exchanger 9 is provided with a recovery cold side inlet 901, a recovery cold side outlet 902, a recovery hot side inlet 903 and a recovery hot side outlet 904, wherein the recovery hot side inlet 903 is connected with the compressor outlet 402, and the recovery hot side outlet 904 is connected with the air storage container inlet 501.
Cold domestic water can be introduced into the waste heat recovery heat exchanger 9 through the recovery cold side inlet 901, and the cold domestic water exchanges heat with low-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide entering from the recovery heat side inlet 903, so that the cold domestic water is heated by the low-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide, and hot domestic water is obtained at the recovery cold side outlet 902. Therefore, the low-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide can be further cooled by utilizing cold domestic water, and the low-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide can be used for heating the domestic water by recycling waste heat. Is favorable for improving the energy utilization rate.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1-6, the low pressure gas storage system 1 includes an absorption reactor 11, a product storage tank 16, a calcination reactor 12, a first separator 14, and an absorbent storage tank 17.
The absorption reactor 11 has an absorbent inlet 111, an absorption gas inlet 112 and an absorption product outlet 113, the absorption gas inlet 112 being connected to the turbine outlet 602. The product tank 16 has a product tank inlet 161 and a product tank outlet 162, and the absorption product outlet 113 is connected to the product tank inlet 161. The calciner reactor 12 has an absorption product inlet 121 and a decomposition product outlet 122, and a product tank outlet 162 is connected to the absorption product inlet 121. The first separator 14 has a first separator inlet 141, a first solids outlet 142 and a first gas outlet 143, the decomposition products outlet 122 being connected to the first separator inlet 141 and the first gas outlet 143 being connected to the first hot side inlet 203. Absorbent reservoir 17 has an absorbent reservoir inlet 171 and an absorbent reservoir outlet 172, with first solids outlet 142 connected to absorbent reservoir inlet 171 and absorbent reservoir outlet 172 connected to absorbent inlet 111.
During the electricity consumption peak period, the low-temperature and low-pressure carbon dioxide gas flowing out of the turbine outlet 602 enters the absorption reactor 11 through the absorption gas inlet 112, the absorbent flows out of the absorbent storage tank outlet 172 of the absorbent storage tank 17, then the absorbent enters the absorption reactor 11 through the absorbent inlet 111, and the low-temperature and low-pressure carbon dioxide gas reacts with the absorbent to obtain an absorption product. The absorption product is stored internally, so that the storage of the carbon dioxide gas is realized.
During the electricity consumption valley period, the absorption product flows out from the product storage tank outlet 162 of the product storage tank 16 and enters the calcination reactor 12 through the absorption product inlet 121, and the absorption product reacts in the calcination reactor 12 to obtain the decomposition product. The decomposition product flows out from the decomposition product outlet 122 and enters the first separator 14 through the first separator inlet 141, and the decomposition product is separated in the first separator 14 to obtain the absorbent and the high-temperature and low-pressure carbon dioxide gas. Thereafter, the absorbent flows out of first solids outlet 142 of first separator 14 and enters absorbent reservoir 17 for storage via absorbent reservoir inlet 171. The high temperature and low pressure carbon dioxide gas flows out of the first gas outlet 143 of the first separator 14 and enters the first heat exchange device 2 through the first hot side inlet 203.
Thus, the low-pressure gas storage system 1 can be used to store and release low-temperature and low-pressure carbon dioxide gas. The low-pressure gas storage system of the embodiment of the invention belongs to a chemical absorption method for storing low-pressure carbon dioxide gas, and compared with a method for directly storing the low-pressure carbon dioxide gas by using a gas storage tank, the low-pressure gas storage system has the storage density far higher than that of a common gas storage tank, and can obviously play a role in reducing the volume of the low-pressure gas storage system 1.
Alternatively, the absorbent is calcium oxide and the absorption product is calcium carbonate.
Optionally, the calcium oxide is calcium oxide particles having a diameter of 200 microns to 1000 microns.
Alternatively, a combustion chamber is provided in the calcination reactor 12, and the fuel used in the combustion chamber is coal. The inlet and outlet of the combustion chamber are both connected to the atmosphere and the heat required for decomposition is supplied to the calcium carbonate by combustion of the fuel in the combustion chamber.
Optionally, a fifth valve 1005 is provided between the calciner reactor 12 and the product tank 16. Thus, in the valley period of power consumption, the fifth valve 1005 is opened to release the high-temperature and low-pressure carbon dioxide gas using the low-pressure gas storage system 1. During peak power usage periods, the fifth valve 1005 is opened and closed to store the low temperature and low pressure carbon dioxide gas exiting the turbine outlet 602 in the absorption product.
In some embodiments, the supercritical carbon dioxide compression energy storage power generation system 100 further comprises a rankine cycle device 7, wherein the rankine cycle device 7 comprises a medium pump, an evaporator, a steam turbine and a condenser 701, and the medium pump, the evaporator, the steam turbine and the condenser 701 are sequentially connected, so that a circulating medium circulates in the medium pump, the evaporator, the steam turbine and the condenser 701. A part of the pipeline connecting the medium pump and the steam turbine is wound outside the absorption reactor 11, the evaporator includes the absorption reactor 11 and a part of the pipeline, and the steam turbine is connected to the power generation device 8.
Since the reaction between the low-temperature and low-pressure carbon dioxide gas and the absorbent is an exothermic reaction, a part of the pipe is wound around the outside of the absorption reactor 11, and the circulating medium flowing through the pipe can be heated by the heat emitted from the absorption reactor 11. Finally, the Rankine cycle device 7 and the power generation device 8 are utilized to convert heat emitted by the absorption reactor 11 into electric energy, and energy conservation is facilitated. The circulating medium may be water.
In some embodiments, the condenser 701 has a condenser cold side inlet 7011, a condenser cold side outlet 7012, a condenser hot side inlet 7013, and a condenser hot side outlet 7014, the reservoir outlet 502 is connected to the condenser cold side inlet 7011, the condenser cold side outlet 7012 is connected to the second cold side inlet 303, and the condenser hot side inlet 7013 is adapted to communicate with a circulating medium.
The hot circulating medium flowing out of the turbine enters the condenser 701 through the hot side inlet 7013 of the condenser, and the low-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide flowing out of the air container outlet 502 enters the condenser 701 through the cold side inlet 7011 of the condenser. The hot circulating medium exchanges heat with the low-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide and then becomes a cold circulating medium and flows out of an outlet 7014 at the hot side of the condenser, and the low-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide exchanges heat with the hot circulating medium and then becomes heated low-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide. Thus, the hot circulating medium can be cooled by the low-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide, and the low-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide can be heated by the hot circulating medium. Is favorable for improving the energy utilization rate.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 4-6, the low pressure gas storage system 1 further comprises a second separator 15 and a low pressure gas storage tank 13. The second separator 15 has a second separator inlet 151, a second solids outlet 152 and a second gas outlet 153, the second separator inlet 151 being connected to the absorbent product outlet 113, and the second solids outlet 152 being connected to the absorbent product inlet 121. The low pressure gas tank 13 has a gas tank inlet 131 and a gas tank outlet 132, and the second gas outlet 153 is connected to the gas tank inlet 131.
Thus, the absorption product flowing out from the absorption product outlet 113 of the absorption reactor 11 first enters the second separator 15 through the second separator inlet 151, and the absorption product and the low-pressure carbon dioxide gas that has not been absorbed are separated in the second separator 15, thereby obtaining a gas-free absorption product and a low-pressure carbon dioxide gas. The gas-free absorption product flows out of the second solids outlet 152 of the second separator 15 and enters the calciner reactor 12 via the absorption product inlet 121. The low-pressure carbon dioxide gas separated by the second separator 15 flows out from the second gas outlet 153 and enters the low-pressure gas storage tank 13 through the gas storage tank inlet 131 for storage.
Optionally, a sixth valve 1006 is disposed between the second separator 15 and the low-pressure gas storage tank 13, and a seventh valve 1007 is disposed between the low-pressure gas storage tank 13 and the calcination reactor 12. Therefore, in the electricity consumption valley period, the sixth valve 1006 is opened, and the seventh valve 1007 is closed, so that the high-temperature and low-pressure carbon dioxide gas is released by the low-pressure gas storage system 1. During peak power usage periods, the sixth valve 1006 is closed and the seventh valve 1007 is opened to store the low temperature and low pressure carbon dioxide gas exiting the turbine outlet 602 in the absorption product.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 4-6, the low pressure gas storage system 1 further includes a first riser 18 and a second riser 19. The first riser 18 has a first riser inlet 181 and a first riser outlet 182, and the absorption reactor 11 further has a first lift gas inlet 114. The first lift gas inlet 114 is connected to the turbine outlet 602, the absorbed product outlet 113 is connected to the first riser inlet 181, and the first riser outlet 182 is connected to the second separator inlet 151. The second riser 19 has a second riser inlet 191 and a second riser outlet 192, and the calciner reactor 12 further has a second lift gas inlet 123. The second lift gas inlet 123 is connected to the gas storage tank outlet 132 and the second lift gas outlet 192 is connected to the first separator inlet 141.
Part of the low-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide gas flowing out of the turbine outlet 602 enters the absorption reactor 11 through the first lift gas inlet 114, the absorption products in the absorption reactor 11 flow out of the absorption product outlet 113 under the driving of the part of the low-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide gas and enter the first riser 18 through the first riser inlet 181, and then the absorption products enter the second separator 15 through the first riser outlet 182 and the second separator inlet 151.
The high-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide gas flowing out of the gas storage tank outlet 132 enters the calcination reactor 12 through the second lifting gas inlet 123, the decomposition products in the calcination reactor 12 flow out of the decomposition product outlet 122 under the driving of the part of the high-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide gas and enter the second lifting pipe 19 through the second lifting pipe inlet 191, and then the decomposition products enter the first separator 14 through the second lifting pipe outlet 192 and the first separator inlet 141.
Thereby, the absorption products in the absorption reactor 11 are facilitated to enter the second separator 15, and the decomposition products in the calcination reactor 12 are facilitated to enter the first separator 14.
Optionally, solids injection pipes are provided in both the absorption reactor 11 and the calcination reactor 12 for conveying the absorption products to the first riser pipe 18 and the decomposition products to the second riser pipe 19, respectively.
Optionally, bubbling beds are provided in both the absorption reactor 11 and the calcination reactor 12 for bringing the material to a fluidized state.
Optionally, the first separator 14 and the second separator 15 are both cyclonic separators.
In some embodiments, the low pressure gas storage system 1 further includes an absorbent heat exchanger 105, the absorbent heat exchanger 105 having an absorbent cold side inlet 1051, an absorbent cold side outlet 1052, an absorbent hot side inlet 1053, and an absorbent hot side outlet 1054, the absorbent hot side inlet 1053 coupled to the absorbent tank outlet 172, the absorbent hot side outlet 1054 coupled to the absorbent inlet 111, the absorbent cold side inlet 1051 coupled to the turbine outlet 602, and the absorbent cold side outlet 1052 coupled to each of the absorbent gas inlet 112 and the first lift gas inlet 114.
Because the temperature of the absorbent in the absorbent storage tank 17 is high and the temperature of the low-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide gas flowing out from the turbine outlet 602 is low, the heat exchange between the absorbent and the low-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide gas can be realized by using the absorbent heat exchanger 105, which is beneficial to energy conservation.
Optionally, a first air pump 103 is provided between the absorbent heat exchanger 105 and the absorption reactor 11, so that the heated low-temperature and low-pressure carbon dioxide gas flowing out of the absorbent heat exchanger 105 is pumped into the absorption reactor 11 by the first air pump 103.
Optionally, a second air pump 104 is provided between the calcination reactor 12 and the low-pressure gas storage tank 13, so that the high-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide gas flowing out of the low-pressure gas storage tank 13 is pumped into the calcination reactor 12 by the second air pump 104.
The following describes the working process of the supercritical carbon dioxide compression energy storage power generation system 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention, taking the absorbent as calcium oxide as an example, with reference to fig. 1 to 6:
during the electricity consumption valley period, the supercritical carbon dioxide compression energy storage power generation system 100 performs an energy storage process. The first valve 1001, the second valve 1002, the high temperature medium cryopump 243, and the low temperature medium cryopump 283 are opened, and the third valve 1003, the fourth valve 1005, the high temperature medium cryopump 233, and the high temperature medium cryopump 273 are closed. The compressor 4 operates by using electric energy in the power grid to drive high-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide gas to flow to the side of the high-pressure gas storage container 5. At this time, the high-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide gas in the low-pressure gas storage system 1 flows to the first high-temperature heat exchanger 21, and the temperature of the high-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide gas is reduced from 900 ℃ to 580 ℃; meanwhile, the high-temperature medium (liquid carbonate) in the high-temperature medium low-temperature storage tank 24 flows to the high-temperature medium high-temperature storage tank 23 through the first high-temperature heat exchanger 21, and the temperature of the high-temperature medium is increased from 575 ℃ to 895 ℃. The medium-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide gas flowing out of the first high-temperature heat exchanger 21 flows to the first low-temperature heat exchanger 25, and the temperature of the medium-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide gas is reduced from 580 ℃ to 90 ℃; meanwhile, the low-temperature medium in the low-temperature medium storage tank 28 flows to the high-temperature medium storage tank 27 through the first low-temperature heat exchanger 25, and the temperature of the low-temperature medium is increased from 85 ℃ to 575 ℃. The low-temperature and low-pressure carbon dioxide gas flowing out of the first low-temperature heat exchanger 25 flows to the compressor 4, and the pressure of the low-temperature and low-pressure carbon dioxide gas is increased from 0.8MPa to 12 MPa. The low-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide flowing out of the compressor outlet 402 flows to the waste heat recovery heat exchanger 9, and the waste heat of the low-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide is recovered, so that the low-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide can be used for heating domestic water and the like, and the low-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide is cooled. The low-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide finally enters an underground high-pressure gas storage salt cavity (a high-pressure gas storage container 5) for storage. The energy storage process generally takes place at night and works continuously for 8 hours.
In the above process, the fifth valve 1005, the sixth valve 1006, and the seventh valve 1007 are opened. Calcium carbonate particles in the product storage tank 16 enter the calcination reactor 12 through a pipeline, air is introduced into a combustion chamber in the calcination reactor 12, a combustion process is realized, heat is provided for calcium carbonate in the calcination reactor 12, the temperature is raised to a decomposition temperature, and carbon dioxide gas and calcium oxide are generated through decomposition. The second lift gas inlet 123 of the calcination reactor 12 is connected to the outlet of the low-pressure gas storage tank 13 through the second gas pump 104, the carbon dioxide gas entering from the second lift gas inlet 123 of the calcination reactor 12 passes through the second gas pump 104 to obtain a certain speed, and the calcium oxide particles and the carbon dioxide gas are transported to the second lift pipe 19 above the calcination reactor 12 through the solid injection pipe inside the calcination reactor 12. A connecting pipe is arranged between the second riser 19 and the second separator 15 above the calcining reactor 19, calcium oxide particles and carbon dioxide gas are separated in the second separator 15, the calcium oxide particles are conveyed to the absorbent storage tank 17 through a pipeline for storage, and the carbon dioxide gas is conveyed to the first high-temperature heat exchanger 21 through a pipeline, so that the release of the carbon dioxide gas is completed.
During the peak period of power consumption, the supercritical carbon dioxide compression energy storage power generation system 100 performs the power generation process. The first valve 1001, the second valve 1002, the high temperature medium cryopump 243, and the low temperature medium cryopump 283 are closed, and the third valve 1003, the fourth valve 1005, the high temperature medium cryopump 233, and the high temperature medium cryopump 273 are opened. The low-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide is driven by the pressure difference to flow to the low-pressure gas storage system 1 side. At this time, the low-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide in the high-pressure gas storage container 5 flows to the condenser 701 of the rankine cycle device, and absorbs heat from the circulating medium of the condenser 701 to primarily raise the temperature. The low-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide flowing out of the condenser 701 flows to the second low-temperature heat exchanger 26, and the temperature of the low-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide is increased from 80 ℃ to 570 ℃; meanwhile, the low-temperature medium in the low-temperature medium high-temperature storage tank 27 flows to the low-temperature medium low-temperature storage tank 28 through the second low-temperature heat exchanger 26, and the temperature of the low-temperature medium is reduced from 575 ℃ to 85 ℃. The medium-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide flowing out of the second low-temperature heat exchanger 26 flows to the second high-temperature heat exchanger 22, and the temperature of the medium-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide rises from 570 ℃ to 890 ℃; meanwhile, the high-temperature medium in the high-temperature medium storage tank 23 flows to the low-temperature medium storage tank 24 through the second high-temperature heat exchanger 22, and the temperature of the high-temperature medium is reduced from 895 ℃ to 575 ℃. The high-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide flowing out of the second high-temperature heat exchanger 22 flows to the turbine 6 and does work to drive the power generation device 8 to generate power and supply the power to the power grid, and the pressure of the high-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide is reduced from 12MPa to 0.8 MPa. The low temperature and low pressure carbon dioxide gas CO2 exiting the turbine outlet 602 is directed to the low pressure gas storage system 1 for absorption and storage. The power generation process generally takes place in the daytime and is operated continuously for 8 hours.
In the above process, the carbon dioxide gas entering the absorption reactor 11 reacts with the absorbent (calcium oxide) to produce calcium carbonate. The heat generated by the reaction is absorbed by the rankine cycle device 7 and power generation is performed. The carbon dioxide gas entering from the first lift gas inlet 114 of the absorption reactor 11 obtains a certain velocity after passing through the first gas pump 103, and calcium carbonate particles and carbon dioxide gas which is not completely absorbed are transported into the first lift pipe 18 above the absorption reactor 11 through the solid injection pipe inside the absorption reactor 11. A connecting pipe is arranged between the first riser 18 and the first separator 14 above the absorption reactor 11, the carbon dioxide gas and the calcium carbonate particles are separated in the first separator 14, the carbon dioxide gas enters the low-pressure gas storage tank 13 for storage, and the calcium carbonate particles are conveyed to the product storage tank 16 through a pipeline for storage, so that the absorption and the storage of the low-pressure carbon dioxide are completed.
In addition, in the absorbent heat exchanger 105, the calcium oxide particles exchange heat with the carbon dioxide gas, so that the temperatures of the calcium oxide particles and the carbon dioxide gas reach the temperature at which the calcium oxide absorbs the carbon dioxide.
The supercritical carbon dioxide compression energy storage power generation system 100 of the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
the supercritical carbon dioxide compression energy storage power generation system 100 provided by the embodiment of the invention can absorb the surplus electric quantity in the power grid according to the change condition of the power load, release and generate power when the power grid has high power demand, and can improve the load regulation capacity of the power generation system by matching with a thermal power plant; the circulating system takes a large amount of carbon dioxide as a working medium, which is beneficial to relieving the problem of carbon emission and realizes the storage and utilization of the carbon dioxide; the waste heat recovery and utilization are realized in the transcritical carbon dioxide compression energy storage system, heat can be supplied to heat utilization processes such as domestic water and the like, and the energy waste is reduced; the calcium oxide is an excellent carbon dioxide absorption medium, has wide sources and low cost; the carbon dioxide working medium is non-toxic and harmless, can be discharged and is easy to obtain.
Whole energy storage power generation system can absorb the surplus electric quantity in the electric wire netting, inputs chemical energy simultaneously to the mode of pressure potential energy and heat energy is stored, and can accomplish waste heat recovery and utilize and heat the domestic water, and the release energy when the power consumption produces electric energy output, makes this system have the effect of energy storage and electricity generation concurrently. The low-pressure gas storage device takes calcium oxide as a chemical absorption storage medium to solve the storage problem of low-pressure carbon dioxide, and can utilize the heat release of the chemical combination reaction to generate electricity by adding Rankine cycle in the storage process. The method has the advantages of improving the carbon emission problem, reducing energy waste, having wide working medium sources and the like.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the present disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" and the like mean that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A supercritical carbon dioxide compression energy storage power generation system, comprising:
a low pressure gas storage system for storing low pressure carbon dioxide gas, the low pressure gas storage system having a gas storage system inlet and a gas storage system outlet;
the first heat exchange device is provided with a first cold side inlet, a first cold side outlet, a first hot side inlet and a first hot side outlet, and the first hot side inlet is connected with the gas storage system outlet;
the first hot side outlet is connected with the compressor inlet so as to obtain supercritical carbon dioxide at the compressor outlet;
the high-pressure gas storage container is used for storing the supercritical carbon dioxide and is provided with a gas storage container inlet and a gas storage container outlet, and the gas compressor outlet is connected with the gas storage container inlet;
the second heat exchange device is provided with a second hot side inlet, a second hot side outlet, a second cold side inlet and a second cold side outlet, and the gas storage container outlet is connected with the second cold side inlet; and
the turbine is provided with a turbine inlet and a turbine outlet, the second cold side outlet is connected with the turbine inlet so as to obtain the low-pressure carbon dioxide gas at the turbine outlet, the turbine outlet is connected with the air storage system inlet, and the turbine is connected with the power generation device.
2. The supercritical carbon dioxide compression energy storage power generation system of claim 1 wherein the low pressure gas storage system comprises:
the absorption reactor is provided with an absorbent inlet, an absorption gas inlet and an absorption product outlet, and the absorption gas inlet is connected with the turbine outlet;
a product tank having a product tank inlet and a product tank outlet, the absorption product outlet being connected to the product tank inlet;
a calcination reactor having an absorbed product inlet and a decomposed product outlet, the product storage tank outlet being connected to the absorbed product inlet;
a first separator having a first separator inlet, a first solids outlet, and a first gas outlet, the decomposition products outlet being connected to the first separator inlet, the first gas outlet being connected to the first hot side inlet; and
the absorbent storage tank is provided with an absorbent storage tank inlet and an absorbent storage tank outlet, the first solid outlet is connected with the absorbent storage tank inlet, and the absorbent storage tank outlet is connected with the absorbent inlet.
3. The supercritical carbon dioxide compression energy storage power generation system according to claim 2, wherein the low pressure gas storage system further comprises:
a second separator having a second separator inlet, a second solids outlet, and a second gas outlet, the second separator inlet connected to the absorbent product outlet, the second solids outlet connected to the absorbent product inlet; and
the low-pressure gas storage tank is provided with a gas storage tank inlet and a gas storage tank outlet, and the second gas outlet is connected with the gas storage tank inlet.
4. The supercritical carbon dioxide compression energy storage power generation system according to claim 3, wherein the low pressure gas storage system further comprises:
a first riser having a first riser inlet and a first riser outlet, said absorption reactor further having a first lift gas inlet, said first lift gas inlet connected to said turbine outlet, said absorbed product outlet connected to said first riser inlet, said first riser outlet connected to said second separator inlet; and
the second riser is provided with a second riser inlet and a second riser outlet, the calcination reactor is further provided with a second lifting gas inlet, the second lifting gas inlet is connected with the gas storage tank outlet, the decomposition product outlet is connected with the second riser inlet, and the second riser outlet is connected with the first separator inlet.
5. The supercritical carbon dioxide compression energy storage power generation system of claim 4 wherein the low pressure gas storage system further comprises an absorbent heat exchanger having an absorbent cold side inlet, an absorbent cold side outlet, an absorbent hot side inlet and an absorbent hot side outlet, the absorbent hot side inlet being connected to the absorbent storage tank outlet, the absorbent hot side outlet being connected to the absorbent inlet, the absorbent cold side inlet being connected to the turbine outlet, the absorbent cold side outlet being connected to each of the absorption gas inlet and the first lift gas inlet.
6. The supercritical carbon dioxide compression energy storage power generation system according to any one of claims 2 to 5, further comprising a Rankine cycle device comprising a medium pump, an evaporator, a steam turbine, and a condenser, the medium pump, the evaporator, the steam turbine, and the condenser being connected in this order so that a circulating medium circulates inside the medium pump, the evaporator, the steam turbine, and the condenser, a part of a piping connecting the medium pump and the steam turbine being provided around an outside of the absorption reactor, the evaporator comprising the absorption reactor and the part of the piping, the steam turbine being connected to the power generation device.
7. The supercritical carbon dioxide compression energy storage power generation system according to claim 6, wherein the condenser has a condenser cold side inlet, a condenser cold side outlet, a condenser hot side inlet and a condenser hot side outlet, the gas storage container outlet is connected with the condenser cold side inlet, the condenser cold side outlet is connected with the second cold side inlet, and the condenser hot side inlet is used for communicating with the circulating medium.
8. The supercritical carbon dioxide compression energy storage power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 5 further comprising a waste heat recovery heat exchanger having a recovery cold side inlet, a recovery cold side outlet, a recovery hot side inlet and a recovery hot side outlet, the recovery hot side inlet being connected to the compressor outlet and the recovery hot side outlet being connected to the gas storage container inlet.
9. The supercritical carbon dioxide compression energy storage power generation system according to any one of claims 1-5, where the first heat exchange device comprises:
the first high-temperature heat exchanger is provided with a first high-temperature hot side inlet, a first high-temperature hot side outlet, a first high-temperature cold side inlet and a first high-temperature cold side outlet, the first high-temperature hot side inlet is connected with the gas storage system outlet, the first high-temperature hot side inlet forms the first hot side inlet, and the first high-temperature cold side outlet forms the first cold side outlet; and
the first low-temperature heat exchanger is provided with a first low-temperature hot side inlet, a first low-temperature hot side outlet, a first low-temperature cold side inlet and a first low-temperature cold side outlet, the first low-temperature hot side inlet is connected with the first high-temperature hot side outlet, the first low-temperature hot side outlet is connected with the compressor inlet, the first low-temperature hot side outlet forms the first hot side outlet, and the first low-temperature cold side inlet forms the first cold side inlet;
the second heat exchange device comprises:
the second high-temperature heat exchanger is provided with a second high-temperature hot side inlet, a second high-temperature hot side outlet, a second high-temperature cold side inlet and a second high-temperature cold side outlet, the second high-temperature cold side outlet is connected with the turbine inlet, the second high-temperature hot side inlet forms the second hot side inlet, and the second high-temperature cold side outlet forms the second cold side outlet; and
the second low-temperature heat exchanger is provided with a second low-temperature hot side inlet, a second low-temperature hot side outlet, a second low-temperature cold side inlet and a second low-temperature cold side outlet, the second low-temperature cold side inlet is connected with the gas storage container outlet, the second low-temperature cold side outlet is connected with the second high-temperature cold side inlet, the second low-temperature hot side outlet forms the second hot side outlet, and the second cold side low-temperature inlet forms the second cold side inlet.
10. The supercritical carbon dioxide compression energy storage power generation system according to claim 9, wherein the first heat exchange device further comprises:
the high-temperature medium high-temperature storage tank is provided with a first high-temperature medium inlet and a first high-temperature medium outlet, the first high-temperature medium inlet is connected with the first high-temperature cold side outlet, and the first high-temperature medium outlet is connected with the second high-temperature hot side inlet;
the high-temperature medium low-temperature storage tank is provided with a second high-temperature medium inlet and a second high-temperature medium outlet, the second high-temperature medium inlet is connected with the second high-temperature hot side outlet, and the second high-temperature medium outlet is connected with the first high-temperature cold side inlet;
the low-temperature medium high-temperature storage tank is provided with a first low-temperature medium inlet and a first low-temperature medium outlet, the first low-temperature medium inlet is connected with the first low-temperature cold side outlet, and the first low-temperature medium outlet is connected with the second low-temperature hot side inlet; and
the low-temperature medium low-temperature storage tank is provided with a second low-temperature medium inlet and a second low-temperature medium outlet, the second low-temperature medium inlet is connected with the second low-temperature hot side outlet, and the second low-temperature medium outlet is connected with the first low-temperature cold side inlet.
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