CN113718287A - Coupled cage C60 for electrochemical hydrogen evolution, molybdenum disulfide composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Coupled cage C60 for electrochemical hydrogen evolution, molybdenum disulfide composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910052961 molybdenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012378 ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- FIXLYHHVMHXSCP-UHFFFAOYSA-H azane;dihydroxy(dioxo)molybdenum;trioxomolybdenum;tetrahydrate Chemical compound N.N.N.N.N.N.O.O.O.O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O[Mo](O)(=O)=O.O[Mo](O)(=O)=O.O[Mo](O)(=O)=O FIXLYHHVMHXSCP-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000003184 C60 fullerene group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BXGYYDRIMBPOMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(hydroxymethoxy)ethoxymethanol Chemical compound OCOCCOCO BXGYYDRIMBPOMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OTMYLOBWDNFTLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,6-diphenyl-3-(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NN=C(C=2N=CC=CC=2)N=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 OTMYLOBWDNFTLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000944 Soxhlet extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 platinum group metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006181 electrochemical material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003574 free electron Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001453 impedance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004502 linear sweep voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
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- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coupled open cage C60 for electrochemical hydrogen evolution, a molybdenum disulfide composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the material takes a coupled open cage C60 as a rigid framework, and molybdenum disulfide is doped on the surface of the material. The preparation method comprises the steps of sequentially preparing the cage opening C60 and the coupling cage opening C60, and then carrying out hydro-thermal synthesis reaction on the coupling cage opening C60, ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate and thiourea aqueous solution to obtain P-PC60@ MoS2And the modification of the molybdenum disulfide is realized. The novel composite material prepared by the invention is used as a catalyst for electrochemical hydrogen evolution and has good electrocatalytic performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemical materials, and relates to a preparation method of a coupled open-cage C60 composite material, in particular to a coupled open-cage C60 and molybdenum disulfide composite material for electrochemical hydrogen evolution and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Under the influence of global energy crisis, the vigorous development of renewable energy has become a consensus of people. Hydrogen energy is a renewable clean energy source, and compared with the traditional fossil fuel, the hydrogen energy has the advantages of high energy density, environmental friendliness and the like. The development and utilization of hydrogen energy cannot be realized without a catalytic hydrogen evolution material, and platinum group metals as common catalytic hydrogen evolution materials play an important role in hydrogen energy utilization, but the metal mineral resources are scarce and the price is high, so that the platinum group metals cannot be widely applied to actual production. Therefore, researchers have been working on developing non-noble metal materials as possible alternatives to new electrocatalysts in an effort to fully utilize the high density clean energy source, hydrogen energy, to provide a viable alternative to non-renewable fossil fuels.
Molybdenum disulfide is a layered material, the edge of the molybdenum disulfide has more active sites and is an ideal material for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution, but molybdenum disulfide has a wider band gap and poorer conductivity and is easy to accumulate and agglomerate, and the defects seriously influence the development of molybdenum disulfide in the field of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Therefore, the key problem to be solved is to prepare the doped composite material by modifying the molybdenum disulfide material, improve the band gap and the conductivity of the molybdenum disulfide and improve the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance of the molybdenum disulfide.
Disclosure of Invention
Another object of the present invention is to provide a coupled open cage C60 and molybdenum disulfide composite for electrochemical hydrogen evolution;
the invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the composite material, which is prepared by coupling the open cage C60 as a rigid framework and doping molybdenum disulfide on the surface, so as to achieve the purpose of obtaining the novel composite material for electrochemical hydrogen evolution by modifying the molybdenum disulfide.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a coupled open cage C60 and molybdenum disulfide composite material for electrochemical hydrogen evolution are disclosed, which uses coupled open cage C60 as rigid skeleton and molybdenum disulfide is doped on the surface.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the coupled cage-opening C60 and molybdenum disulfide composite material for electrochemical hydrogen evolution, which comprises the following steps in sequence:
s1, preparation of cage opening C60
C60 and 3- (2-pyridyl) -5, 6-diphenyl-1, 2, 4-triazine are dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene, heated and refluxed, cooled and chromatographed, and reactants are removed to obtain a product A;
dissolving the product A in carbon tetrachloride, and reacting in an oxygen atmosphere to obtain an open cage C60;
s2, preparation of coupled cage C60
Taking the coupling cage C60, dimethanol formal, anhydrous ferric trichloride and 1, 2-dichloroethane, carrying out low-temperature heating reaction and high-temperature heating reaction, Soxhlet extraction, and vacuum drying to obtain the coupling cage C60;
S3.P-PC60@MoS2preparation of
Dissolving ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate and thiourea in water, uniformly mixing to obtain a solution B, carrying out hydrothermal synthesis reaction on the solution B and a coupling cage C60, and cooling to obtain P-PC60@ MoS2。
As a limitation of the present invention, in step S1, the heating reflux is heated to 170-185 ℃ for 20-25 h.
As another limitation of the present invention, in step S1, the cooling chromatography uses silica gel column chromatography.
As a further limitation of the present invention, in step S1, the eluent for the cooling chromatography is CS2And ethyl acetate.
As a third limitation of the present invention, in step S1, the mass ratio of C60, 3- (2-pyridyl) -5, 6-diphenyl-1, 2, 4-triazine and o-dichlorobenzene is 3: 2: 36-42;
the mass ratio of the product A to carbon tetrachloride is 1: 17-23.
As a fourth limitation of the invention, in step S2, the mass-to-volume ratio of the cage C60, the dimethanol formal, the anhydrous ferric trichloride and the 1, 2-dichloroethane is 25g:4-8g:10-13g: 30L.
As a fifth limitation of the present invention, in step S2,
the low-temperature heating reaction is carried out for 4-6h at 42-48 ℃ under the anaerobic condition;
the high-temperature heating reaction is carried out under the oxygen-free condition of heating at the temperature of 110-;
the solvent for the soxhlet extraction is methanol.
As a sixth limitation of the present invention, the mass volume ratio of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, thiourea and water is 20-23g:70-78g: 1L; the mass of the molybdenum disulfide is integral multiple of that of the coupling cage C60, and the molybdenum disulfide is generated by the reaction of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate and thiourea.
Wherein, the molybdenum disulfide is generated by the reaction of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate and thiourea in the system participating in the hydrothermal synthesis reaction in the step S3, and the mass of the molybdenum disulfide can be calculated according to the mass of molybdenum element. The loading amount of the molybdenum disulfide is different, and the performance of hydrogen evolution can be influenced to a certain extent.
As another limitation, in step S3, the hydrothermal synthesis reaction is carried out under the conditions of heating to 190 ℃ and 210 ℃ for 17-19h, and the cooling is carried out by reducing the temperature to 20-25 ℃.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical progress that:
according to the invention, after the open cage C60 is prepared, the open cage C60 is coupled to form the coupled open cage C60 (namely P-PC60), a rigid framework with a large specific surface area of the P-PC60 is used as a substrate, and the mass ratio of the solution B to the coupled open cage C60 is adjusted to realize that molybdenum disulfide with different mass ratios is doped to prepare the electrocatalytic composite material with different mass fractions.
The P-PC60 has high nitrogen content and a large amount of free electrons, can improve the band gap of molybdenum disulfide, improve the conductivity, can obviously reduce the overpotential of the composite material by adjusting the mass fraction of the two, and the prepared electrochemical hydrogen evolution catalyst has good catalytic activity and stability.
The invention relates to a coupled open cage C60 and molybdenum disulfide composite material, which has the advantages of simple and easily obtained raw materials, obviously reduced preparation cost compared with the preparation cost of platinum group metals, and can be applied to the technical field of electrochemical hydrogen evolution.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is the P-PC60@ MoS of example 72P-PC60 and MoS2XRD spectrum of (1);
FIG. 2 is the P-PC60@ MoS of example 72SEM picture of (1);
FIG. 3 is P-PC60@ MoS of example 72P-PC60, Pt/C and MoS2Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance results of (a); (a) is a linear voltammetric sweep curve, (b) is a tafel slope, (c) is P-PC60@ MoS2Electrochemical impedance spectrum, (d) is P-PC60@ MoS2A stability test result;
FIG. 4 is P-PC60@ MoS of example 72The results of the stability tests of materials F2-F6.
Detailed Description
Example 1 preparation method of coupled cage C60 and molybdenum disulfide composite material for electrochemical hydrogen evolution
The embodiment comprises the following steps which are carried out in sequence:
s1, preparation of cage opening C60
5.4kg of C60 and 3.6kg of 3- (2-pyridyl) -5, 6-diphenyl-1, 2, 4-triazine were dissolved in 72kg of O-dichlorobenzene (i.e., O-DCB), heated to 180 ℃ under reflux for 24 hours, cooled to room temperature, and then CS was added2Directly performing silica gel column chromatography on the eluent to remove unreacted C60, collecting the eluent, performing rotary evaporation, and taking the product A positioned in the second color band, wherein the yield of the product A is 19% by calculation.
Wherein the mass ratio of C60, 3- (2-pyridyl) -5, 6-diphenyl-1, 2, 4-triazine and o-dichlorobenzene (marked as proportion 1) is 3: 2: 40;
dissolving 1kg of the product A in 20kg of carbon tetrachloride, reacting for 72h in an oxygen atmosphere by using a high-pressure mercury lamp, performing rotary evaporation, and separating by adopting the silica gel column chromatography to obtain an open cage C60, wherein the yield of the open cage C60 is 57.6 percent by calculation.
S2, preparation of coupled cage C60
Adding 250g of open cage C60, 57g of dimethanol Formal (FDA) and 120g of anhydrous ferric trichloride into a high-pressure bottle, adding 300L of 1, 2-dichloroethane, reacting at 45 ℃ for 5 hours under an anaerobic condition, heating to react at a low temperature to form a network, reacting at 120 ℃ for 48 hours, heating to react at a high temperature to form a microporous polymer, collecting the product, centrifuging to obtain a lower-layer precipitate, performing Soxhlet extraction with methanol, and vacuum drying for 24 hours to obtain a coupled open cage C60;
wherein the mass volume ratio (marked as the ratio 2) of the open cage C60, the dimethanol formal, the anhydrous ferric trichloride and the 1, 2-dichloroethane is 25g:5.7g:12g: 30L;
the XRD of the resulting coupled cage C60(P-PC60) is shown in FIG. 1.
S3.P-PC60@MoS2Preparation of
Dissolving 220g of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate and 700g of thiourea in 10L of ultrapure water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a solution B;
coupling the solution B with 100g of the solution B, opening a cage C60 to a hydrothermal kettle, heating the solution B and 100g of the solution B in a muffle furnace to 200 ℃, performing hydrothermal synthesis reaction, reacting for 18h, cooling to 22 ℃, washing the solution B for 5 times by using ultrapure water and absolute ethyl alcohol in sequence, and performing vacuum drying for 14h at 60 ℃ to obtain P-PC60@ MoS2Material, labeled F1.
Wherein the mass volume ratio (marked as ratio 3) of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, thiourea and water is 22g:70g: 1L;
the mass ratio of the coupling cage C60 to the molybdenum disulfide is 1: 2.
The prepared P-PC60@ MoS2The XRD of the material F1 is shown in a figure 1, and the SEM is shown in a figure 2, the material takes a coupled open cage C60 as a rigid framework, the surface of the material is doped with molybdenum disulfide, the action effect of the molybdenum disulfide is improved, and the material can be used as a catalytic electrode to realize electrochemical hydrogen evolution.
Examples 2-6 coupled cage C60 for electrochemical hydrogen evolution and method for preparing molybdenum disulfide composite
Examples 2-6 are a process for preparing coupled cage-opened C60 and molybdenum disulfide composite material for electrochemical hydrogen evolution, respectively, which has the process steps similar to those of example 1, except that: the relevant parameters and results are different, and are shown in table 1.
Table 1 examples 2-6 summary of coupled cage C60 for electrochemical hydrogen evolution and preparation of molybdenum disulfide composites
The other parts of examples 2-6 are the same as in example 1 or are common knowledge to a person skilled in the art. The coupling cage C60 and the molybdenum disulfide have different mass ratios, so that the electrocatalytic composite material F2-6 with different mass fractions can be prepared by doping the molybdenum disulfide with different mass ratios. Wherein the dosage of the molybdenum disulfide is realized by controlling the dosage of the component B of the solution.
Example 7 detection of the Properties of coupled open cage C60 and molybdenum disulfide composite for electrochemical Hydrogen evolution
P-PC60@ MoS2P-PC60 and MoS2Structure of (1)
For P-PC60@ MoS obtained in example 12P-PC60 and MoS2Detecting XRD pattern for P-PC60@ MoS2SEM photograph was taken to examine P-PC60@ MoS prepared in example 12P-PC60 and MoS2The structure of (1).
The results are shown in FIGS. 1-2, for P-PC60@ MoS in FIG. 12P-PC60 and MoS2Can see the doping of MoS2Then, in P-PC60@ MoS2In which MoS appears2The diffraction peaks of (a) indicate successful preparation of the composite. From FIG. 2, MoS can be seen2The dispersion is good on a P-PC60 substrate, and the good dispersion is beneficial to improving the hydrogen evolution performance of the material.
For P-PC60@ MoS in examples 2-62P-PC60 and MoS2And (5) carrying out structure detection to obtain an approximate result.
(II) P-PC60@ MoS2P-PC60, Pt/C20% and MoS2Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance of
For P-PC60@ MoS obtained in example 12、P-PC60、MoS2Electrochemical method using three electrodesThe chemical system uses a Princeton Versa STAT 3 electrochemical workstation to carry out the electro-catalysis hydrogen evolution performance test. The working electrode, the counter electrode and the reference electrode in the three-electrode system refer to: glassy carbon electrode (GCE,4mm), Pt/C20% and Ag/AgCl (sat. KCl). Wherein, 0.3 mu mAl should be used before the working electrode is used2O3The powder is ground. The preparation method of the working electrode comprises the following steps: measuring 5mg of a sample to be measured in a glass bottle, adding 950 mu L of absolute ethyl alcohol and 50 mu L of Nafion solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes to uniformly disperse, measuring 5 mu L of the solution, dropwise adding the solution onto the electrode which is polished before, and naturally drying.
(i) Linear voltammetric sweep curve detection
For P-PC60@ MoS obtained in example 12、P-PC60、MoS2H at 0.5M2SO4The electrolyte solution of (3) is measured. Linear voltammetric sweep at a sweep rate of 5mVs-1The interval is 0 to-1V.
As a result, the graph shows MoS from left to right as shown in FIG. 3(a)2,P-PC60,P-PC60@MoS2And Pt/C20% linear voltammetric sweep, the results show that P-PC60@ MoS2At a current density of 10mA cm-2The overpotential is 116mV, and the electrocatalytic performance is good.
(ii) Tafel slope detection
The tafel slope is a straight line calculated from the tafel equation (η ═ a + blgj, where j is the current density, η is the overpotential, b is the tafel slope, and a and b are tafel constants) based on the polarization curve obtained by linear sweep voltammetry, for P-PC60@ MoS prepared in example 12、P-PC60、MoS2。
As a result, MoS is shown in FIG. 3(b)2The Tafel slopes of P-PC60, Pt/C20% are 138mV · dec, respectively-1，132mV·dec-1And 30mV dec-1P-PC60@ MoS of example 1 of the present invention2The Tafel slope is 43mV dec-1And has good electrocatalytic performance.
(iii)P-PC60@MoS2Electrochemical impedance spectrogram detection
Prepared for example 1 at a disturbance amplitude of 5mV at 0.3-100k HzP-PC60@ MoS2And (5) carrying out electrochemical impedance spectrogram test.
The results are shown in FIG. 3(c), and indicate that P-PC60@ MoS2The electrochemical impedance of the catalyst is 300 omega, and the catalyst has good electrocatalytic performance.
(iiii)P-PC60@MoS2Stability detection
For P-PC60@ MoS2And circulating for 2000 circles to obtain a stability test chart in a scanning potential range of 0 to-1V and at a scanning speed of 100 mV/s.
The results are shown in FIG. 3(d), and indicate that P-PC60@ MoS2Has good catalytic stability. For P-PC60@ MoS prepared in examples 2-62P-PC60 and MoS2Similar measurements were made, and all gave similar results, as shown in FIG. 4, for P-PC60@ MoS obtained in examples 2-62The hydrogen evolution performance of F2-F6 shows the trend of rising firstly and then falling along with the increase of X, and the performance of the F2-F6 is superior to that of a pure molybdenum disulfide material; meanwhile, the hydrothermal temperature also has a certain influence on the hydrogen evolution performance.
The above results indicate that P-PC60@ MoS of F1-62The material has good stability and high catalytic activity, and provides a theoretical basis for replacing a Pt catalyst to realize industrialized large-scale hydrogen production. P-PC60@ MoS2The electrocatalytic composite material provides guiding significance for non-noble metal materials in the electrocatalytic field due to good electrocatalytic performance and a simple preparation method.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described above, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A coupled open cage C60 and molybdenum disulfide composite material for electrochemical hydrogen evolution is characterized in that the material takes a coupled open cage C60 as a rigid framework, and molybdenum disulfide is doped on the surface of the material.
2. A preparation method of a coupled cage C60 and molybdenum disulfide composite material for electrochemical hydrogen evolution is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1 preparation of Kai-cage C60
C60 and 3- (2-pyridyl) -5, 6-diphenyl-1, 2, 4-triazine are dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene, heated and refluxed, cooled and chromatographed, and reactants are removed to obtain a product A;
dissolving the product A in carbon tetrachloride, and reacting in an oxygen atmosphere to obtain an open cage C60;
s2 preparation of coupled open cage C60
Taking the coupling cage C60, dimethanol formal, anhydrous ferric trichloride and 1, 2-dichloroethane, and sequentially carrying out low-temperature heating reaction, high-temperature heating reaction, Soxhlet extraction and vacuum drying to obtain the coupling cage C60;
S3. P-PC60@MoS2preparation of
Dissolving ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate and thiourea in water, uniformly mixing to obtain a solution B, carrying out hydrothermal synthesis reaction on the solution B and a coupling cage C60, and cooling to obtain P-PC60@ MoS2Namely a coupling cage-opening C60 for electrochemical hydrogen evolution of a target product and a molybdenum disulfide composite material.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the heating and refluxing step S1 is carried out by heating to 170-185 ℃ for 20-25 h.
4. The method for preparing the coupled open cage C60 and molybdenum disulfide composite material for electrochemical hydrogen evolution according to claim 2 or 3, wherein in step S1, the cooling chromatography adopts silica gel column chromatography.
5. The method for preparing coupled open cage C60 and molybdenum disulfide composite material for electrochemical hydrogen evolution according to claim 4, wherein in step S1, said cooling is performedThe eluent for the chromatography is CS2Or/and ethyl acetate.
6. The method for preparing the coupled cage-opened C60 and molybdenum disulfide composite material for electrochemical hydrogen evolution according to claim 2 or 3, wherein in step S1, the mass ratio of C60, 3- (2-pyridyl) -5, 6-diphenyl-1, 2, 4-triazine and o-dichlorobenzene is 3: 2: 36-42;
the mass ratio of the product A to carbon tetrachloride is 1: 17-23.
7. The method for preparing the coupled cage C60 and molybdenum disulfide composite material for electrochemical hydrogen evolution according to claim 2 or 3, wherein in step S2, the mass-to-volume ratio of the cage C60, dimethanol formal, anhydrous ferric trichloride and 1, 2-dichloroethane is 25g:4-8g:10-13g: 30L.
8. The method for preparing the coupled open cage C60 and molybdenum disulfide composite material for electrochemical hydrogen evolution according to claim 2 or 3, wherein in step S2,
the low-temperature heating reaction is carried out at 42-48 ℃ for 4-6h under an anaerobic condition;
the high-temperature heating reaction condition is that the heating is carried out for 4-6h at the temperature of 110-130 ℃ under the anaerobic condition;
the solvent for the soxhlet extraction is methanol.
9. The method for preparing the coupled cage C60 and molybdenum disulfide composite material for electrochemical hydrogen evolution according to claim 2 or 3,
the mass volume ratio of the ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate to the thiourea to the water is 20-23g:70-78g: 1L;
the mass of the molybdenum disulfide is integral multiple of that of the coupling cage C60, and the molybdenum disulfide is generated by the reaction of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate and thiourea.
10. The method for preparing the coupled open cage C60 and molybdenum disulfide composite material for electrochemical hydrogen evolution according to any one of claims 2, 3 or 4, wherein in step S3, the hydrothermal synthesis reaction is performed under the conditions of heating to 190 ℃ and 210 ℃ for 17-19h, and the cooling is performed under the temperature reduced to 20-25 ℃.
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