CN113718139A - Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn aluminum alloy and processing method of extrusion material thereof - Google Patents
Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn aluminum alloy and processing method of extrusion material thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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Abstract
The Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.8 to 1.3 percent of Mg, 0.9 to 1.45 percent of Si, 0.7 to 1.2 percent of Cu, 0.65 to 1.0 percent of Mn, 0.1 to 0.25 percent of Zr, 0.1 to 0.25 percent of Cr, 0 to 0.5 percent of Zn, 0.1 to 0.45 percent of Fe, less than 0.05 percent of other inevitable impurity elements and less than 0.15 percent of the total amount, and the balance of Al. The processing steps of the aluminum alloy extruded material comprise: homogenizing cast ingots, hot extrusion, solid solution treatment and artificial aging treatment. The aluminum alloy does not contain rare noble metal elements, the tensile strength of an extruded material of the aluminum alloy reaches more than 430MPa, the elongation of the extruded material reaches more than 13%, and the aluminum alloy has good corrosion resistance and is suitable for equipment structural members of airplanes, high-speed rails, engineering equipment, automobiles and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of alloys, and particularly relates to an Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn aluminum alloy and a processing method of an extrusion material thereof.
Background
With the promotion of industrial technology level, the structural members for various equipment tend to be developed in light weight so as to reduce the power demand of mechanical equipment, reduce energy consumption, realize high operation performance of the equipment and the like. Taking transportation equipment as an example, the component prepared from the light aluminum alloy material is applied to the fields of aerospace, rail transit trains, automobiles and the like. On the premise of meeting the bearing capacity, the weight of the aluminum alloy component can be indirectly reduced by improving the strength of the aluminum alloy, so that the aim of light weight is fulfilled.
At present, more than 80% of global civil aluminum alloy materials belong to Al-Mg-Si- (Cu) aluminum alloys, and the global civil aluminum alloy materials have a series of excellent comprehensive properties including medium strength, corrosion resistance and good welding performance, can be processed into complex part products by adopting various cold/heat deformation, and are very suitable for most industrial structural members. However, the strength of the conventional Al-Mg-Si- (Cu) alloys is lower than that of the 2XXX, 7XXX series, and thus the demand for high performance structural members has not been satisfied. The development of high-strength Al-Mg-Si- (Cu) aluminum alloys is more and more urgent, and many researchers are exploring methods for improving mechanical properties.
Patent CN103706662A discloses a preparation method of an aluminum alloy section for an automobile, and proposes that 0.5-0.8% of Mo and 0.3-0.5% of Sn are added into Al-Mg-Si series aluminum alloy in percentage by mass; patent CN105838938A discloses a processing method of 6XXX series aluminum alloy section, the alloy composition contains one or more of Ag less than or equal to 1%, Sc less than or equal to 0.25%, Hf less than or equal to 0.5%, etc.; patent CN108866390A discloses a lightweight aluminum alloy for vehicles, which contains 1-5% Ti, 1-1.5% Pb, etc. In the patents, rare noble metal elements such as Mo, Sn, Ag, Sc, Hf, Ti, Pb and the like are added, so that although the strength is improved to a certain degree, the alloy cost is increased, and the comprehensive cost performance is reduced; in addition, aluminum alloys containing rare and precious metal elements are difficult to classify when recycled, and the beneficial effects of the rare and precious metal elements in the recycled aluminum are greatly reduced.
Patent CN109666824A discloses a high-strength Al-Mg-Si-Mn wrought aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof; CN102787262A discloses a high-strength Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy suitable for hot working and a preparation method thereof; CN103882271A discloses a high-strength high-elongation Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy material and a preparation method thereof; the above patents add excess Mg, Si and/or trace elements to achieve higher strength levels in the alloy, but do not achieve a breakthrough in higher strength.
In order to meet the requirements of higher-performance equipment on materials, the development of Al-Mg-Si- (Cu) aluminum alloys with the pressure of 430MPa or more is a research hotspot in the field. At present, the processing method of the Al-Mg-Si- (Cu) aluminum alloy with the strength level and good matching of the strong plasticity and the extruded material thereof has not been reported.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn aluminum alloy and a processing method of an extruded material thereof by considering factors such as higher balance of mechanical property and cost, feasibility of recycling and the like, wherein the aluminum alloy does not contain rare and precious metal elements, and the alloy elements are all common elements; the alloy extrusion material has high strength and good strong plasticity proportion, the tensile strength reaches more than 430MPa, the elongation is not lower than 13%, and the alloy extrusion material is suitable for popularization and application in practical industrial structural members.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 0.8 to 1.3 percent of Mg0.9 to 1.45 percent of Si, 0.7 to 1.2 percent of Cu, 0.65 to 1.0 percent of Mn, 0.1 to 0.25 percent of Zr, 0.1 to 0.25 percent of Cr, 0 to 0.5 percent of Zn, 0.1 to 0.45 percent of Fe, less than 0.05 percent of each of other inevitable impurity elements and less than 0.15 percent of the total amount, and the balance of Al; in the aluminum alloy, the sum of the weight percentages of Mg, Si and Cu is not less than 2.7%, the sum of the weight percentages of Fe and Zn is not less than 0.25%, and the sum of the weight percentages of Cr and Zr is not less than 0.25%.
The Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 0.8 to 1.2 percent of Mg, 0.95 to 1.4 percent of Si, 0.75 to 1.1 percent of Cu, 0.7 to 1.0 percent of Mn, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of Zr, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of Cr, 0 to 0.45 percent of Zn, 0.15 to 0.45 percent of Fe, less than 0.05 percent of each of other inevitable impurity elements and less than 0.15 percent of the total amount, and the balance of Al; in the aluminum alloy, the sum of the weight percentages of Mg, Si and Cu is not less than 2.8%, the sum of the weight percentages of Fe and Zn is not less than 0.25%, and the sum of the weight percentages of Cr and Zr is not less than 0.25%.
The processing method of the extruded material based on the Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) heating the aluminum alloy ingot to 380-420 ℃, preserving heat for 3-12 h, heating to 510-540 ℃ at a heating rate of 10-100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 0-16 h, heating to 545-565 ℃, preserving heat for 6-24 h, and obtaining an aluminum alloy ingot after homogenization treatment;
(2) carrying out hot extrusion on the homogenized aluminum alloy cast ingot, and cooling the aluminum alloy cast ingot to room temperature in 10s by water to obtain an aluminum alloy extruded material; the extrusion speed is 5 mm/s-30 mm/s, and the extrusion coefficient range is 15-50;
(3) and carrying out solid solution treatment and artificial aging treatment on the aluminum alloy extruded material.
The processing method of the Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn aluminum alloy extrusion material is characterized in that in the step (1), the ingot of the aluminum alloy is heated from 510 ℃ to 540 ℃ to 545 ℃ to 565 ℃ at a heating speed of 20 ℃/h to 50 ℃/h.
According to the processing method of the extruded material of the Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn aluminum alloy, the aluminum alloy extruded material is straightened or pre-deformed with the deformation amount of 0 to 1.0 percent before the artificial aging treatment in the step (3).
According to the processing method of the extruded material of the Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn aluminum alloy, the process conditions of the solution treatment in the step (3) are as follows: the solution treatment temperature is 550-565 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 0.5-2 h; the process conditions of the artificial aging treatment are as follows: the artificial aging temperature is 160-180 ℃, and the aging time is 5-15 h.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that: the aluminum alloy extrusion material has high strength and good plasticity, the strong plasticity matching meets the performance requirements of structural parts, the tensile strength reaches more than 430MPa, the yield strength is more than 390MPa, and the elongation is more than 13%, so that the strength is greatly improved compared with the strength of the existing Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn aluminum alloy; the aluminum alloy of the invention is added with conventional elements, has no rare and precious metal elements, has controllable cost and can be prepared on a conventional production line. In view of performance and cost, the aluminum alloy can meet the performance requirements of high-end equipment such as aerospace, transportation, engineering components and the like on high-strength and high-toughness extruded materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic microstructure of an aluminum alloy extruded material in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic microstructure of an aluminum alloy extruded material in comparative example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the morphology of precipitated phases in the aluminum alloy extruded material in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the morphology of precipitated phases in the extruded aluminum alloy material of comparative example 1 according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows the morphology of the dispersed phases in the aluminum alloy extruded material in example 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a room temperature tensile curve of an aluminum alloy extruded material in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
An Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.8 to 1.3 percent of Mg, 0.9 to 1.45 percent of Si, 0.7 to 1.2 percent of Cu, 0.65 to 1.0 percent of Mn, 0.1 to 0.25 percent of Zr, 0.1 to 0.25 percent of Cr, 0 to 0.5 percent of Zn, 0.1 to 0.45 percent of Fe, less than 0.05 percent of each of other inevitable impurity elements and less than 0.15 percent of the total amount, and the balance of Al; in the aluminum alloy, the sum of the weight percentages of Mg, Si and Cu is not less than 2.7%, the sum of the weight percentages of Fe and Zn is not less than 0.25%, and the sum of the weight percentages of Cr and Zr is not less than 0.25%.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.8 to 1.2 percent of Mg, 0.95 to 1.4 percent of Si, 0.75 to 1.1 percent of Cu, 0.7 to 1.0 percent of Mn, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of Zr, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of Cr, 0 to 0.45 percent of Zn, 0.15 to 0.45 percent of Fe, less than 0.05 percent of each of other inevitable impurity elements and less than 0.15 percent of the total amount, and the balance of Al; in the aluminum alloy, the sum of the weight percentages of Mg, Si and Cu is not less than 2.8%, the sum of the weight percentages of Fe and Zn is not less than 0.25%, and the sum of the weight percentages of Cr and Zr is not less than 0.25%.
The processing method of the extruded material based on the Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) heating the aluminum alloy ingot to 380-420 ℃, preserving heat for 3-12 h, heating to 510-540 ℃ at a heating rate of 10-100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 0-16 h, heating to 545-565 ℃, preserving heat for 6-24 h, and obtaining an aluminum alloy ingot after homogenization treatment; heating the ingot of the aluminum alloy from 510-540 ℃ to 545-565 ℃ at a heating speed of 20-50 ℃/h.
(2) Carrying out hot extrusion on the homogenized aluminum alloy cast ingot, and cooling the aluminum alloy cast ingot to room temperature in 10s by water to obtain an aluminum alloy extruded material; the extrusion speed is 5 mm/s-30 mm/s, and the extrusion coefficient range is 15-50.
(3) Carrying out solid solution treatment and artificial aging treatment on the aluminum alloy extruded material; the technological conditions of the solution treatment are as follows: the solution treatment temperature is 550-565 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 0.5-2 h; the process conditions of the artificial aging treatment are as follows: the artificial aging temperature is 160-180 ℃, and the aging time is 5-15 h. Straightening or pre-deforming the aluminum alloy extruded material with the deformation amount of 0-1.0 percent before artificial aging treatment.
The Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn aluminum alloy extruded material prepared by the method has the tensile strength of more than 430MPa, the yield strength of more than 390MPa and the elongation of more than 13 percent, has good corrosion resistance, and can be applied to equipment structural members of airplanes, high-speed rails, engineering equipment, automobiles and the like.
The principle followed by the above embodiments is: the invention follows the technical principle that the strength and plasticity of heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloys depend on the type, quantity and distribution of age-precipitated phases, and the morphology and dimensions of grains and substructures. Three innovative measures are taken: (1) mg, Si and Cu elements are added according to a certain proportion, and the number of nucleation positions precipitated by a strengthening phase is increased by matching with solid solution treatment and aging treatment. (2) Mn, Zr, Cr and Zn are added in a compounding way to refine the structure of the cast ingot, and the micro-scale and nano-scale dispersed phases are utilized to control the evolution of crystal grains. (3) The hot working performance of the alloy is improved by adopting a multi-step homogenization process, the hot working interval of the alloy is expanded, the precondition is provided for the refinement of large plastic deformation grains, and meanwhile, rich microstructure is generated. By combining the above means, the effects of precipitation strengthening, grain strengthening and toughening and sub-grain strengthening are fully exerted, and the preparation of the aluminum alloy extruded material with high strength and good plasticity is realized.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. The following examples and comparative examples are only illustrative of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.8% of Mg, 1.2% of Si, 1.0% of Cu, 0.8% of Mn, 0.15% of Zr, 0.15% of Cr, 0.25% of Fe, 3.0% of the sum of the weight percentages of Mg + Si + Cu, 0.25% of the sum of the weight percentages of Fe + Zn, 0.3% of the sum of the weight percentages of Cr + Zr, less than 0.05% of each of other unavoidable impurity elements and less than 0.15% of the total amount, and the balance of Al.
Homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingots with the components, heating the aluminum alloy cast ingots to 380 ℃, preserving heat for 10 hours, heating to 520 ℃ at a heating speed of 50 ℃/h, preserving heat for 8 hours, and then heating to 555 ℃, preserving heat for 12 hours; and (3) carrying out hot extrusion on the homogenized aluminum alloy cast ingot, wherein the extrusion speed is 15mm/s, the extrusion ratio is 15, and cooling the aluminum alloy cast ingot to room temperature in 10s after the aluminum alloy is extruded to obtain an aluminum alloy extruded material. Carrying out solution treatment on the aluminum alloy extruded material, keeping the temperature at 560 ℃, keeping the temperature for 1h, and cooling to room temperature by water; then carrying out artificial aging treatment, wherein the aging temperature is 160 ℃, and the aging time is 15 h; the aluminum alloy extruded material is straightened or pre-deformed with a deformation of 0.5 percent before being subjected to artificial aging treatment.
Example 2
The Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.8% of Mg, 1.45% of Si, 0.7% of Cu, 1.0% of Mn1.0%, 0.2% of Zn, 0.1% of Zr, 0.25% of Cr, 0.45% of Fe, 2.96% of the sum of the weight percentages of Mg + Si + Cu, 0.75% of the sum of the weight percentages of Fe + Zn, 0.35% of the sum of the weight percentages of Cr + Zr, less than 0.05% of each of other inevitable impurity elements and less than 0.15% of the total amount, and the balance of Al.
Homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingot with the components, heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot to 400 ℃, preserving heat for 5h, heating to 540 ℃ at a heating speed of 100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 8h, and then heating to 565 ℃ and preserving heat for 6 h; and (3) carrying out hot extrusion on the homogenized aluminum alloy cast ingot, wherein the extrusion speed is 15mm/s, the extrusion ratio is 30, and cooling the aluminum alloy cast ingot to room temperature in 10s after the aluminum alloy is extruded to obtain an aluminum alloy extruded material. Carrying out solution treatment on the aluminum alloy extruded material, keeping the temperature at 565 ℃, keeping the temperature for 0.5h, and cooling to room temperature by water; then carrying out artificial aging treatment, wherein the aging temperature is 170 ℃, and the aging time is 10 h.
Example 3
The Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.0% of Mg, 1.25% of Si, 1.0% of Cu, 0.8% of Mn0.2% of Zn, 0.15% of Zr, 0.15% of Cr, 0.25% of Fe, 3.25% of the sum of the weight percentages of Mg + Si + Cu, 0.45% of the sum of the weight percentages of Fe + Zn, 0.3% of the sum of the weight percentages of Cr + Zr, less than 0.05% of each of other inevitable impurity elements and less than 0.15% of the total amount of other inevitable impurity elements, and the balance of Al.
Homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingots with the components, heating the aluminum alloy cast ingots to 400 ℃, preserving heat for 5 hours, heating to 520 ℃ at a heating speed of 50 ℃/h, preserving heat for 8 hours, heating to 555 ℃, and preserving heat for 12 hours; and (3) carrying out hot extrusion on the homogenized aluminum alloy cast ingot, wherein the extrusion speed is 30mm/s, the extrusion ratio is 15, and cooling the aluminum alloy cast ingot to room temperature within 10s after the aluminum alloy is extruded to obtain an aluminum alloy extruded material. Carrying out solution treatment on the aluminum alloy extruded material, keeping the temperature at 560 ℃, keeping the temperature for 1h, and cooling to room temperature by water; then carrying out artificial aging treatment, wherein the aging temperature is 170 ℃, and the aging time is 10 h; the aluminum alloy extruded material is straightened or pre-deformed with a deformation of 0.5 percent before being subjected to artificial aging treatment.
Example 4
The Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.3% of Mg, 0.9% of Si, 1.2% of Cu, 0.65% of Mn0.5% of Zn, 0.25% of Zr, 0.1% of Cr, 0.1% of Fe, 3.4% of the sum of the weight percentages of Mg + Si + Cu, 0.6% of the sum of the weight percentages of Fe + Zn, 0.35% of the sum of the weight percentages of Cr + Zr, less than 0.05% of each of other inevitable impurity elements and less than 0.15% of the total amount of other inevitable impurity elements, and the balance of Al.
Homogenizing the aluminum alloy ingot with the components, heating the aluminum alloy ingot to 420 ℃, preserving heat for 3h, heating to 510 ℃ at a heating speed of 10 ℃/h, preserving heat for 16h, and then heating to 545 ℃ and preserving heat for 24 h; and (3) carrying out hot extrusion on the homogenized aluminum alloy cast ingot, wherein the extrusion speed is 5mm/s, the extrusion ratio is 50, and cooling the aluminum alloy cast ingot to room temperature in 5s after the aluminum alloy is extruded to obtain an aluminum alloy extruded material. Carrying out solution treatment on the aluminum alloy extruded material, keeping the temperature at 550 ℃ for 2h, and cooling to room temperature by water; then carrying out artificial aging treatment, wherein the aging temperature is 180 ℃, and the aging time is 5 h.
Example 5
The Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.8% of Mg, 1.2% of Si, 1.0% of Cu, 1.0% of Mn, 0.1% of Zr, 0.15% of Cr, 0.25% of Fe, 3.0% of the sum of the weight percentages of Mg + Si + Cu, 0.25% of the sum of the weight percentages of Fe + Zn, 0.25% of the sum of the weight percentages of Cr + Zr, less than 0.05% of each of other unavoidable impurity elements and less than 0.15% of the total amount, and the balance of Al.
Homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingots with the components, heating the aluminum alloy cast ingots to 400 ℃, preserving heat for 10 hours, heating to 520 ℃ at a heating speed of 100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 16 hours, and then heating to 555 ℃, preserving heat for 12 hours; and (3) carrying out hot extrusion on the homogenized aluminum alloy cast ingot, wherein the extrusion speed is 15mm/s, the extrusion ratio is 15, and cooling the aluminum alloy cast ingot to room temperature in 10s after the aluminum alloy is extruded to obtain an aluminum alloy extruded material. Carrying out solution treatment on the aluminum alloy extruded material, keeping the temperature at 560 ℃, keeping the temperature for 1h, and cooling to room temperature by water; then carrying out artificial aging treatment, wherein the aging temperature is 170 ℃, and the aging time is 10 h.
Example 6
The Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.8% of Mg, 1.45% of Si, 0.7% of Cu, 0.8% of Mn0.8%, 0.2% of Zn, 0.15% of Zr, 0.15% of Cr, 0.45% of Fe, 2.95% of the sum of the weight percentages of Mg + Si + Cu, 0.65% of the sum of the weight percentages of Fe + Zn, 0.3% of the sum of the weight percentages of Cr + Zr, less than 0.05% of each of other inevitable impurity elements and less than 0.15% of the total amount, and the balance of Al.
Homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingot with the components, heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot to 400 ℃, preserving heat for 5h, heating to 540 ℃ at a heating speed of 10 ℃/h, preserving heat for 0h, and then heating to 565 ℃ and preserving heat for 6 h; and (3) carrying out hot extrusion on the homogenized aluminum alloy cast ingot, wherein the extrusion speed is 15mm/s, the extrusion ratio is 30, and cooling the aluminum alloy cast ingot to room temperature in 10s after the aluminum alloy is extruded to obtain an aluminum alloy extruded material. Carrying out solution treatment on the aluminum alloy extruded material, keeping the temperature at 565 ℃, keeping the temperature for 0.5h, and cooling to room temperature by water; then carrying out artificial aging treatment, wherein the aging temperature is 160 ℃, and the aging time is 15 h.
Example 7
The Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.0% of Mg, 1.25% of Si, 1.0% of Cu, 1.0% of Mn1.0%, 0.2% of Zn, 0.25% of Zr, 0.1% of Cr, 0.25% of Fe, 3.25% of the sum of the weight percentages of Mg + Si + Cu, 0.45% of the sum of the weight percentages of Fe + Zn, 0.35% of the sum of the weight percentages of Cr + Zr, less than 0.05% of each of other inevitable impurity elements and less than 0.15% of the total amount, and the balance of Al.
Homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingots with the components, heating the aluminum alloy cast ingots to 380 ℃, preserving heat for 10 hours, heating to 520 ℃ at a heating speed of 50 ℃/h, preserving heat for 8 hours, and then heating to 555 ℃, preserving heat for 12 hours; and (3) carrying out hot extrusion on the homogenized aluminum alloy cast ingot, wherein the extrusion speed is 30mm/s, the extrusion ratio is 15, and cooling the aluminum alloy cast ingot to room temperature within 10s after the aluminum alloy is extruded to obtain an aluminum alloy extruded material. Carrying out solution treatment on the aluminum alloy extruded material, keeping the temperature at 560 ℃, keeping the temperature for 1h, and cooling to room temperature by water; then carrying out artificial aging treatment, wherein the aging temperature is 180 ℃, and the aging time is 5 h. The aluminum alloy extruded material is straightened or pre-deformed with a deformation of 0.5 percent before being subjected to artificial aging treatment.
Example 8
The Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.3% of Mg, 0.9% of Si, 1.2% of Cu, 0.65% of Mn0.2% of Zn, 0.15% of Zr, 0.15% of Cr, 0.25% of Fe, 3.4% of the sum of the weight percentages of Mg + Si + Cu, 0.45% of the sum of the weight percentages of Fe + Zn, 0.3% of the sum of the weight percentages of Cr + Zr, less than 0.05% of each of other inevitable impurity elements and less than 0.15% of the total amount of other inevitable impurity elements, and the balance of Al.
Homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingots with the components, heating the aluminum alloy cast ingots to 420 ℃, preserving heat for 5 hours, heating to 520 ℃ at a heating speed of 50 ℃/h, preserving heat for 8 hours, and then heating to 545 ℃ and preserving heat for 24 hours; and (3) carrying out hot extrusion on the homogenized aluminum alloy cast ingot, wherein the extrusion speed is 5mm/s, the extrusion ratio is 50, and cooling the aluminum alloy cast ingot to room temperature in 5s after the aluminum alloy is extruded to obtain an aluminum alloy extruded material. Carrying out solution treatment on the aluminum alloy extruded material, keeping the temperature at 550 ℃ for 2h, and cooling to room temperature by water; then carrying out artificial aging treatment, wherein the aging temperature is 170 ℃, and the aging time is 10 h.
Comparative example 1
The Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.7% of Mg, 1.5% of Si, 0.7% of Cu, 0.4% of Mn, 0.1% of Zr, 0.1% of Cr, 0.2% of Fe, 2.7% of the sum of the weight percentages of Mg + Si + Cu, 0.2% of the sum of the weight percentages of Fe + Zn, 0.2% of the sum of the weight percentages of Cr + Zr, less than 0.05% of each of other unavoidable impurity elements and less than 0.15% of the total amount, and the balance of Al.
Homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingot with the components, heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot to 380 ℃, preserving heat for 10h, heating to 540 ℃ at a heating speed of 100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 8h, and then heating to 565 ℃ and preserving heat for 6 h; and (3) carrying out hot extrusion on the homogenized aluminum alloy cast ingot, wherein the extrusion speed is 15mm/s, the extrusion ratio is 15, and cooling the aluminum alloy cast ingot to room temperature in 10s after the aluminum alloy is extruded to obtain an aluminum alloy extruded material. Carrying out solution treatment on the aluminum alloy extruded material, keeping the temperature at 565 ℃, keeping the temperature for 0.5h, and cooling to room temperature by water; then carrying out artificial aging treatment, wherein the aging temperature is 180 ℃, and the aging time is 5 h.
Comparative example 2
The Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.4% of Mg, 0.7% of Si, 1.3% of Cu, 0.4% of Mn, 0.2% of Zn, 0.1% of Zr, 0.1% of Fe, 3.4% of the sum of the weight percentages of Mg + Si + Cu, 0.3% of the sum of the weight percentages of Fe + Zn, 0.1% of the sum of the weight percentages of Cr + Zr, less than 0.05% of each of other unavoidable impurity elements and less than 0.15% of the total amount, and the balance of Al.
Homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingots with the components, heating the aluminum alloy cast ingots to 400 ℃, preserving heat for 5h, heating to 520 ℃ at a heating speed of 50 ℃/h, preserving heat for 8h, and then heating to 555 ℃, preserving heat for 12 h; and (3) carrying out hot extrusion on the homogenized aluminum alloy cast ingot, wherein the extrusion speed is 15mm/s, the extrusion ratio is 15, and cooling the aluminum alloy cast ingot to room temperature in 10s after the aluminum alloy is extruded to obtain an aluminum alloy extruded material. Carrying out solution treatment on the aluminum alloy extruded material, keeping the temperature at 550 ℃ for 2h, and cooling to room temperature by water; then carrying out artificial aging treatment, wherein the aging temperature is 170 ℃, and the aging time is 10 h.
Comparative example 3
The Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.0% of Mg, 1.2% of Si, 0.5% of Cu, 0.4% of Mn, 0.2% of Zn, 0.1% of Zr, 0.1% of Cr, 0.1% of Fe, 2.7% of the sum of the percentages by weight of Mg + Si + Cu, 0.3% of the sum of the percentages by weight of Fe + Zn, 0.2% of the sum of the percentages by weight of Cr + Zr, less than 0.05% of each of other unavoidable impurity elements and less than 0.15% of the total amount, and the balance of Al.
Homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingots with the components, heating the aluminum alloy cast ingots to 420 ℃, preserving heat for 3h, heating to 540 ℃ at a heating speed of 50 ℃/h, preserving heat for 8h, and then heating to 555 ℃ and preserving heat for 12 h; and (3) carrying out hot extrusion on the homogenized aluminum alloy cast ingot, wherein the extrusion speed is 5mm/s, the extrusion ratio is 30, and cooling the aluminum alloy cast ingot to room temperature in 10s after the aluminum alloy is extruded to obtain an aluminum alloy extruded material. Carrying out solution treatment on the aluminum alloy extruded material, keeping the temperature at 565 ℃, keeping the temperature for 0.5h, and cooling to room temperature by water; then carrying out artificial aging treatment, wherein the aging temperature is 160 ℃, and the aging time is 15 h. The aluminum alloy extruded material is straightened or pre-deformed with a deformation of 0.5 percent before being subjected to artificial aging treatment.
Comparative example 4
The Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.0% of Mg, 1.2% of Si, 0.5% of Cu, 1.2% of Mn, 0.3% of Zr, 0.35% of Cr, 0.2% of Fe, 2.7% of the sum of the weight percentages of Mg + Si + Cu, 0.2% of the sum of the weight percentages of Fe + Zn, 0.65% of the sum of the weight percentages of Cr + Zr, less than 0.05% of each of other unavoidable impurity elements and less than 0.15% of the total amount, and the balance of Al.
Homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingots with the components, heating the aluminum alloy cast ingots to 380 ℃, preserving heat for 10 hours, heating to 540 ℃ at a heating speed of 100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 8 hours, and then heating to 555 ℃, preserving heat for 12 hours; and (3) carrying out hot extrusion on the homogenized aluminum alloy cast ingot, wherein the extrusion speed is 5mm/s, the extrusion ratio is 30, and cooling the aluminum alloy cast ingot to room temperature in 10s after the aluminum alloy is extruded to obtain an aluminum alloy extruded material. Carrying out solution treatment on the aluminum alloy extruded material, keeping the temperature at 565 ℃, keeping the temperature for 0.5h, and cooling to room temperature by water; then carrying out artificial aging treatment, wherein the aging temperature is 160 ℃, and the aging time is 15 h.
According to the invention, the content and the proportion of various elements in the aluminum alloy are adjusted, and the aluminum alloy extruded material with high strength and good toughness is obtained by adopting a specific homogenization treatment process, an extrusion process and a solid solution aging process, wherein the room-temperature tensile properties of the aluminum alloy of the embodiment of the invention and the comparative aluminum alloy are shown in Table 1.
The aluminum alloy extruded material of the present invention has a fine grain structure, as shown in fig. 1; the grain structure of the extrudate in the comparative example was clearly coarse, as shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 3 is an aged microstructure of example 3 of the present invention, in which a precipitated phase having a fine dispersion is visible; FIG. 4 shows the microstructure of comparative example 1 in the aged state, in which the precipitated phase size is large and the distribution is uneven. FIG. 5 shows the morphology of the dispersed phases in the aluminum alloy extrudate according to example 6 of the present invention; FIG. 6 is a room temperature tensile curve of an aluminum alloy extruded material in example 1 of the present invention. In addition, the aluminum alloy extruded material has good corrosion performance, and the corrosion performance rating of the aluminum alloy is more than 9.8 grade in JIS Z2371-2000 neutral brine spray test.
TABLE 1 Properties of aluminum alloy extrusions of examples and comparative examples
Claims (6)
1. An Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 0.8 to 1.3 percent of Mg, 0.9 to 1.45 percent of Si, 0.7 to 1.2 percent of Cu, 0.65 to 1.0 percent of Mn, 0.1 to 0.25 percent of Zr, 0.1 to 0.25 percent of Cr, 0 to 0.5 percent of Zn, 0.1 to 0.45 percent of Fe, less than 0.05 percent of each of other inevitable impurity elements and less than 0.15 percent of the total amount, and the balance of Al; in the aluminum alloy, the sum of the weight percentages of Mg, Si and Cu is not less than 2.7%, the sum of the weight percentages of Fe and Zn is not less than 0.25%, and the sum of the weight percentages of Cr and Zr is not less than 0.25%.
2. The Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises, in weight percent: 0.8 to 1.2 percent of Mg, 0.95 to 1.4 percent of Si, 0.75 to 1.1 percent of Cu, 0.7 to 1.0 percent of Mn, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of Zr, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of Cr, 0 to 0.45 percent of Zn, 0.15 to 0.45 percent of Fe, less than 0.05 percent of each of other inevitable impurity elements and less than 0.15 percent of the total amount, and the balance of Al; in the aluminum alloy, the sum of the weight percentages of Mg, Si and Cu is not less than 2.8%, the sum of the weight percentages of Fe and Zn is not less than 0.25%, and the sum of the weight percentages of Cr and Zr is not less than 0.25%.
3. A processing method of an extruded material based on the Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn aluminum alloy according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the processing method comprises the steps of:
(1) heating the aluminum alloy ingot to 380-420 ℃, preserving heat for 3-12 h, heating to 510-540 ℃ at a heating rate of 10-100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 0-16 h, heating to 545-565 ℃, preserving heat for 6-24 h, and obtaining an aluminum alloy ingot after homogenization treatment;
(2) carrying out hot extrusion on the homogenized aluminum alloy cast ingot, and cooling the aluminum alloy cast ingot to room temperature in 10s by water to obtain an aluminum alloy extruded material; the extrusion speed is 5 mm/s-30 mm/s, and the extrusion coefficient range is 15-50;
(3) and carrying out solid solution treatment and artificial aging treatment on the aluminum alloy extruded material.
4. The method of processing an Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn aluminum alloy extrudate according to claim 3, wherein the heating rate of the ingot of the aluminum alloy in the step (1) from 510 ℃ to 540 ℃ to 545 ℃ to 565 ℃ is 20 ℃/h to 50 ℃/h.
5. The method of processing an Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn aluminum alloy extruded material according to claim 3, wherein the aluminum alloy extruded material in the step (3) is straightened or pre-deformed by a deformation amount of 0% to 1.0% before the artificial aging treatment.
6. The method for processing an Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn aluminum alloy extrusion material as recited in claim 3, wherein the process conditions of the solution treatment in the step (3) are as follows: the solution treatment temperature is 550-565 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 0.5-2 h; the process conditions of the artificial aging treatment are as follows: the artificial aging temperature is 160-180 ℃, and the aging time is 5-15 h.
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