CN113717748B - Naphtha cracker - Google Patents
Naphtha cracker Download PDFInfo
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- CN113717748B CN113717748B CN202111285384.2A CN202111285384A CN113717748B CN 113717748 B CN113717748 B CN 113717748B CN 202111285384 A CN202111285384 A CN 202111285384A CN 113717748 B CN113717748 B CN 113717748B
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- aromatic hydrocarbon
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- naphtha
- hydrocarbon adsorption
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G25/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents
- C10G25/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents with ion-exchange material
- C10G25/03—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents with ion-exchange material with crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
Abstract
The invention discloses a naphtha cracking device, belonging to the technical field of petroleum processing, comprising a cracking furnace and a pretreatment mechanism, wherein the cracking furnace comprises an aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component, a rotary shell of the adsorption component is provided with a plurality of screening cavities, molecular sieves are arranged in the cavities and used for circularly removing aromatic hydrocarbon from raw materials, rotary plates are assembled in the screening cavities and used for pushing the molecular sieves to move so as to adjust the cross-sectional area of the molecular sieves, the naphtha cracking device comprises an n-alkane extraction component which has the same structure as that of the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component and is used for extracting n-alkane from the raw materials after aromatic hydrocarbon removal, the naphtha raw materials can be circularly pretreated through the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component and the n-alkane extraction component, the aromatic hydrocarbon components of the raw materials are reduced, the coking condition of the cracking furnace is effectively reduced, the n-alkane ratio of pretreated products is improved, the yield of cracked olefin is improved, and the molecular sieves with variable cross-sectional areas are utilized, the quick screening effect of the molecular sieve is improved, the reaction time is reduced, and the purpose of improving the yield value is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum processing, and particularly relates to a naphtha cracking device.
Background
Naphtha is a light oil product, is obtained by cutting corresponding fractions through crude oil distillation or petroleum secondary processing, is an important raw material for preparing ethylene and propylene through tubular furnace cracking and preparing benzene, methylbenzene and dimethylbenzene through catalytic reforming, and is cracked into smaller molecules under the high-temperature condition by a naphtha cracking method, and the small molecules form gaseous light olefin through free radical reaction.
In order to improve the utilization efficiency of naphtha, normal alkane and non-normal alkane in naphtha are separated, the obtained normal alkane part can be used as a high-quality ethylene cracking raw material, the non-normal alkane part can be used as a high-quality catalytic reforming raw material or a high-octane gasoline blending component, the cracking raw material with higher aromatic hydrocarbon index is easy to generate coking phenomenon, the coking process is easy to occur at a convection section, a radiation section and a waste heat boiler process side, and along with the aggravation of the coking process, the flow resistance and the heat transfer process in a tube are worsened, so that the pressure drop in the tube is increased, the surface temperature of a radiation furnace tube and the outlet temperature of a waste heat boiler are increased, and the cracking furnace is forced to periodically stop feeding and decoking.
At present, all the full-range naphtha adsorption treatment equipment in industrial production carries out adsorption treatment on raw materials through a molecular sieve adsorption column, in the replacement and desorption processes of the adsorption column, a displacer and a desorbent need to completely penetrate through the adsorption column, the permeation rates of the displacer and the desorbent in a columnar molecular sieve are low, the overall quick reaction effect is influenced, and the desorption efficiency of normal alkane is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects in the prior art, an embodiment of the present invention is directed to a naphtha cracking apparatus, so as to solve the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a naphtha cracking unit, comprising a cracking furnace, the naphtha cracking unit further comprising:
the pretreatment mechanism comprises a first treatment cavity and a second treatment cavity, and is respectively used for performing dearomatization treatment and normal alkane extraction on a naphtha raw material;
the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component is rotationally arranged in the first treatment cavity and comprises a rotary shell, a plurality of screening cavities are arranged in the rotary shell, the number of the screening cavities is at least 3, the screening cavities are used for circularly treating naphtha raw materials, first-order molecular sieve layers are uniformly distributed in the screening cavities and used for performing dearomatization treatment on the naphtha raw materials, rotary plates are movably assembled in the screening cavities, the rotary plates are in sliding sealing butt joint with the inner walls of the screening cavities, one sides of the rotary plates are connected with the first-order molecular sieve layers and used for pushing the first-order molecular sieve layers to move in the screening cavities and adjusting the cross-sectional areas of the first-order molecular sieve layers in the rotary shell in a sliding mode;
the normal paraffin extraction component is arranged in the second treatment cavity, has the same structure as the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component, is internally provided with a second-order molecular sieve layer and is used for extracting normal paraffin from the naphtha raw material subjected to dearomatization treatment;
the aromatic hydrocarbon discharge component is arranged between the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component and the normal alkane extraction component, and a plurality of elastic plugging sheets II are elastically assembled in the aromatic hydrocarbon discharge component and are used for isolating and sealing a plurality of screening cavities in the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component in cooperation with the rotation of the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component and simultaneously discharging different reaction products in the screening cavities in the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component;
the normal paraffin discharging component is arranged on one side of the normal paraffin extracting component and is used for discharging different reaction products in the normal paraffin extracting component;
the separation kettle component is communicated with the aromatic hydrocarbon discharge component and the normal paraffin discharge component and is used for separating reaction products in the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component and the normal paraffin extraction component so as to feed the raw material subjected to dearomatization treatment and normal paraffin extraction into a cracking furnace for cracking; and
and the input pipe group is used for inputting a displacing agent and a desorbing agent into the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component and the normal paraffin extraction component and discharging substances adsorbed in the first-order molecular sieve layer and the second-order molecular sieve layer so that the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component and the normal paraffin extraction component can circularly process naphtha raw materials.
As a further aspect of the present invention, the preprocessing mechanism further includes:
the outer shell is used for movably assembling the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component and the normal paraffin extraction component;
the feeding component is arranged close to one side of the top of the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component, a plurality of elastic plugging sheets are elastically assembled in the feeding component, and the elastic plugging sheets are used for isolating and sealing a plurality of screening cavities in the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component in cooperation with the rotation of the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component; and
and the raw material pipe group is arranged on one side of the outer shell, is close to one side of the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component and is used for preferentially inputting a naphtha raw material to be treated into the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component.
As a further aspect of the present invention, the feeding member further comprises:
the raw material feeding groove is arranged on one side of the feeding component and communicated with the raw material pipe group;
the displacing agent inlet groove is arranged on one side of the raw material inlet groove, has an opening area larger than that of the raw material inlet groove and is used for inputting the displacing agent into the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component; and
and the desorption agent inlet groove is arranged on one side of the displacement agent inlet groove, the opening area of the desorption agent inlet groove is larger than that of the displacement agent inlet groove, and the desorption agent inlet groove is used for inputting desorption agents into the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component.
As a further aspect of the present invention, the aromatic adsorption module further comprises:
the partition wall is arranged among the plurality of screening cavities, is provided with a plurality of positioning notches, is arranged close to one side of the top of the rotary shell and is used for being matched with the elastic plugging sheets to isolate and seal the plurality of screening cavities;
the second positioning notch is arranged on one side of the bottom of the rotary shell and is used for being matched with the elastic plugging sheet to isolate and seal the bottoms of the two pairs of rotary shells;
the pressing strip is fixedly arranged on one side of the positioning notch and one side of the positioning notch II and is used for pushing the elastic plugging sheet and the elastic plugging sheet II to elastically slide when the rotary shell rotates;
the guide piece is fixedly arranged between the screening cavities and used for limiting the sliding direction of the rotary plate, and the elastic piece is assembled between the rotary plate and the partition wall and used for driving the rotary plate to elastically reset; and
and the pore plate is arranged close to one side of the bottom of the rotary shell and used for bearing the first-order molecular sieve layers in the screening cavities.
As a further aspect of the present invention, the aromatic adsorption module further comprises:
the magnetic pole sliding part is assembled at the tail end of the rotary plate and is arranged between the rotary plate and the inner wall of the screening cavity; and
and the fixed electromagnetic sheet is fixedly assembled on the inner wall of the first processing cavity and used for adsorbing the magnetic pole sliding part through pulse current so that the rotary plate rotates at a set angle relative to the rotary shell in the rotating process of the rotary shell, thereby adjusting the cross sectional area of the first-order molecular sieve layer in the sieving cavity.
As a further aspect of the present invention, the aromatic hydrocarbon discharging assembly further comprises:
the base is fixedly assembled in the outer shell;
a displacer discharge groove which is provided toward one side of the bottom of the rotary housing, is matched with the displacer inlet groove, and is used for discharging a displacer discharge liquid;
the desorption agent discharge groove is arranged towards one side of the bottom of the rotary shell, is matched with the desorption agent inlet groove and is used for discharging desorption agent discharge liquid; and
and the dearomatization liquid discharge groove is arranged towards one side of the bottom of the rotary shell, is matched with the raw material inlet groove and is used for discharging naphtha dearomatization liquid discharge.
As a further scheme of the invention, a heating wall is arranged in the cracking furnace, one side of the heating wall is assembled and connected with the normal paraffin extraction component and used for providing heat energy for the reaction in the normal paraffin extraction component.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, through the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component and the normal paraffin extraction component which are rotatably arranged in the pretreatment mechanism, naphtha raw materials can be pretreated circularly, aromatic hydrocarbon components in the naphtha raw materials are reduced, normal paraffin components in pretreated products are improved, coking conditions in a cracking furnace are effectively reduced, the yield of olefin in the cracked products is improved, and by utilizing the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component and the normal paraffin extraction component which can change the cross section area of the molecular sieve, the quick screening effect of the molecular sieve is effectively improved, the required reaction time is reduced, and the purpose of improving the yield value is achieved.
To more clearly illustrate the structural features and effects of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a naphtha cracking apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram illustrating a reference symbol a in the naphtha cracking apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of an aromatic adsorption module in a naphtha cracking apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a top view of an aromatics adsorption module in a naphtha cracking unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an aromatic hydrocarbon discharge assembly in a naphtha cracking unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a feeding member in the naphtha cracking apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-a pretreatment mechanism; 101-an outer shell; 102-a first process chamber; 103-a second process chamber; 104-a feed member; 1041-feeding the raw material into a tank; 1042-displacing agent into the tank; 1043-the desorbent enters the tank; 1044-elastic closure flaps; 105-a set of raw material tubes; a 2-aromatic adsorption component; 201-a swivel housing; 202-a screening chamber; 203-partition walls; 204-positioning notches; 205-positioning notch two; 206-pressing strips; 207-a guide; 208-a rotating plate; 209-an elastic member; 210-well plate; 211-a drive shaft; 212-vibrating toothed disc; 213-pole sliding part; 214-a stationary electromagnetic sheet; a 3-normal alkane extraction component; a 4-aromatic discharge assembly; 401-a base; 402-a displacer discharge chute; 403-desorbent discharge tank; 404-dearomatization liquid discharge tank; 405-an elastic plugging sheet II; 406-a reservoir; 407-liquid outlet pipeline; a 5-normal alkane discharge assembly; 501-base; 502-n-alkane displacer discharge pipe; 503-n-alkane desorbent discharge pipe; 504-isoparaffin drain; 6-separation kettle assembly; 601-a first kettle body; 602-a second kettle body; 603-a third kettle body; 604-a fourth kettle body; a 7-normal alkane line; 8-input tube group; 801-a first liquid inlet pipe; 802-a second liquid inlet pipe; 803-third liquid inlet pipe; 804-a fourth liquid inlet pipe; 9-a cracking furnace; 10-a burner assembly; 11-a radiant tube; 12-a quench boiler; 13-smoke exhaust pipe; 14-a convection tube bank; 15-convection chamber; 16-heating the wall; 17-a first order molecular sieve layer; a layer of 18-second order molecular sieve; 19-dilution steam pipe.
Detailed Description
Specific implementations of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the naphtha cracking apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a cracking furnace 9, and the naphtha cracking apparatus further includes: the pretreatment mechanism 1 comprises a first treatment cavity 102 and a second treatment cavity 103, wherein the first treatment cavity 102 and the second treatment cavity 103 are respectively used for performing dearomatization treatment and normal paraffin extraction on a naphtha raw material; the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component 2 is rotatably arranged in the first treatment cavity 102 and comprises a rotary shell 201, a plurality of screening cavities 202 are arranged in the rotary shell 201, the number of the screening cavities 202 is at least 3, the screening cavities 202 are used for circularly treating naphtha raw materials, first-order molecular sieve layers 17 are uniformly distributed in the screening cavities 202 and used for performing dearomatization treatment on the naphtha raw materials, rotary plates 208 are movably assembled in the screening cavities 202, the rotary plates 208 are in sliding sealing butt joint with the inner walls of the screening cavities 202, one sides of the rotary plates 208 are connected with the first-order molecular sieve layers 17 and used for pushing the first-order molecular sieve layers 17 to move in the screening cavities 202 and adjusting the cross-sectional areas of the first-order molecular sieve layers 17 in the rotary shell 201 in a sliding manner; the normal paraffin extraction component 3 is arranged in the second treatment cavity 103, the normal paraffin extraction component 3 has the same structure as the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component 2, and a second-order molecular sieve layer 18 is arranged in the normal paraffin extraction component 3 and is used for extracting normal paraffin from the naphtha raw material after the dearomatization treatment; the aromatic hydrocarbon discharge component 4 is arranged between the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component 2 and the normal alkane extraction component 3, and a plurality of elastic plugging sheets II 405 are elastically assembled in the aromatic hydrocarbon discharge component for matching with the rotation of the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component 2 to isolate and seal a plurality of screening cavities 202 in the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component 2 and simultaneously discharging different reaction products in the screening cavities 202 in the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component 2; the normal paraffin discharging component 5 is arranged on one side of the normal paraffin extracting component 3 and is used for discharging different reaction products in the normal paraffin extracting component 3; the separation kettle component 6 is communicated with the aromatic hydrocarbon discharge component 4 and the normal paraffin discharge component 5 and is used for separating reaction products in the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component 2 and the normal paraffin extraction component 3 so as to send the raw materials subjected to dearomatization treatment and normal paraffin extraction into the cracking furnace 9 for cracking; and an input pipe group 8 for inputting a displacing agent and a desorbing agent into the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component 2 and the normal paraffin extraction component 3 to discharge adsorbates in the first-order molecular sieve layer 17 and the second-order molecular sieve layer 18, so that the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component 2 and the normal paraffin extraction component 3 can circularly treat naphtha raw materials.
In practical application of this embodiment, before the whole naphtha feedstock is processed by the pretreatment mechanism 1 and sent to the cracking furnace 9, the whole naphtha first enters the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption module 2 in the pretreatment mechanism 1 and is sent to the set of screening cavities 202 in the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption module 2, at this time, the whole naphtha is under the adsorption action of the first-order molecular sieve layer 17 in the screening cavities 202, the aromatic hydrocarbons contained therein are adsorbed by the first-order molecular sieve layer 17, the effluent containing normal isoparaffin passes through the first-order molecular sieve layer 17 and enters the normal paraffin extraction module 3, and the normal paraffin extraction module 3 adsorbs normal paraffin through the second-order molecular sieve layer 18, and finally the effluent containing isoparaffin is discharged through the normal paraffin extraction module 3 side, at this time, the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption module 2 and the normal paraffin extraction module 3 rotate under the external driving action, so that the screening cavity 202 on the side not adsorbing aromatic hydrocarbon components replaces the screening cavity 202 which currently adsorbs aromatic hydrocarbon components And at this time, in the process that the first-order molecular sieve layer 17 in the set of sieving cavities 202 rotates along with the rotary shell 201, the volume between the rotary plate 208 and the sieving cavities 202 is increased through the rotating action of the rotary plate 208, the cross-sectional area of the first-order molecular sieve layer 17 is increased under the condition that the total mass fraction of the first-order molecular sieve layer 17 is not changed, at this time, in the process of introducing the displacing agent, the displacing agent can be fully contacted with the first-order molecular sieve layer 17, and the naphtha raw material in the invalid volume between the pores of the first-order molecular sieve layer 17 is discharged and conveyed to the separation kettle assembly 6 for separation, and when the sieving cavity 202 at this side rotates to the desorption agent side for desorption, the rotation angle of the rotary plate 208 is increased again, so that the cross-sectional area of the first-order molecular sieve layer 17 is continuously increased, and when the desorption agent is introduced into the sieving cavity 202, the first-order molecular sieve layer 17 can be more fully contacted, and separating out the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorbed in the first-order molecular sieve layer 17, discharging the aromatic hydrocarbon into the separation kettle component 6 for separation, wherein the side sieve cavity 202 does not contain aromatic hydrocarbon and n-isoparaffin components, and can rotate to one side of a naphtha feed inlet again for adsorption of the aromatic hydrocarbon, the n-paraffin extraction component 3 can adsorb the n-paraffin in the dearomatization discharge liquid, and the n-paraffin in the second-order molecular sieve layer 18 is separated out through a desorbent, the principle is the same as that of the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component 2, and the details are not repeated here, and the obtained n-paraffin is conveyed to the cracking furnace 9 through the n-paraffin pipeline 7 and is cracked to obtain the required cracked gas product.
In this embodiment, the arene adsorption component 2 and the normal paraffin extraction component 3 which are rotatably arranged in the pretreatment mechanism 1 can be used for circularly pretreating naphtha raw materials, so that arene components in the naphtha raw materials are reduced, normal paraffin components in pretreated products are improved, coking conditions in a cracking furnace are effectively reduced, the yield of olefins in cracked products is improved, and by using the arene adsorption component 2 and the normal paraffin extraction component 3 which can change the cross-sectional area of the molecular sieve, the quick screening effect of the molecular sieve is effectively improved, the reaction time is reduced, and the purpose of improving the yield value is achieved.
In one case of this embodiment, the first-order molecular sieve layer 17 preferably uses a chromatographic silica gel solid adsorbent, which can quickly and effectively remove aromatic hydrocarbon components from naphtha raw materials, and has a small influence on normal isoparaffin components, the second-order molecular sieve layer 18 preferably uses a 5A molecular sieve, which can quickly adsorb C3-C4 normal paraffins, and is suitable for separating normal isoparaffin, and the molecular sieves of the two components are common adsorbents in naphtha treatment, and are common knowledge in the art, and are not described here in detail.
In one case of the present embodiment, the displacing agent in both the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption module 2 and the normal paraffin extraction module 3 may be displaced by an inert gas such as nitrogen, the desorbing agent in the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption module 2 may be desorbed by n-octanol, and the normal paraffin extraction module 3 may be desorbed by n-butane, which is not particularly limited herein.
Referring to fig. 1, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the preprocessing mechanism 1 further includes: the outer shell 101 is used for movably assembling the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component 2 and the normal paraffin extraction component 3; the feeding component 104 is arranged close to one side of the top of the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component 2, a plurality of elastic plugging sheets 1044 are elastically assembled in the feeding component, and the elastic plugging sheets 1044 are used for sealing a plurality of screening cavities 202 in the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component 2 in an isolated manner by matching with the rotation of the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component 2; and a raw material pipe group 105 which is arranged on one side of the outer shell 101, is arranged close to one side of the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component 2, and is used for preferentially inputting naphtha raw materials to be treated into the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component 2.
In practical application, the elastic sealing sheet 1044 of the feeding member 104 is elastically inserted into the feeding member 104 and can be clamped on one side of the rotary housing 201 along with the rotation of the rotary housing 201, so that the sieving chambers 202 are isolated and sealed from each other, thereby preventing liquid leakage of different components.
In one case of this embodiment, the naphtha feed to the raw material tube group 105 side is provided in conjunction with the rotation of the revolving casing 201, so that the revolving casing 201 cuts off the feed of the naphtha feed during the rotation switching process, ensuring stable conveyance of the naphtha feed to each of the screening chambers 202.
Referring to fig. 6, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the feeding member 104 further comprises: a raw material inlet tank 1041 arranged on one side of the feeding member 104 and communicated with the raw material tube group 105; the displacing agent inlet trough 1042 is arranged on one side of the raw material inlet trough 1041, has an opening area larger than that of the raw material inlet trough 1041, and is used for inputting a displacing agent into the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption assembly 2; and a desorbent inlet tank 1043, which is arranged on one side of the displacer inlet tank 1042, and the opening area of which is larger than that of the displacer inlet tank 1042, and is used for inputting the desorbent into the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component 2.
In practical application of this embodiment, the displacer inlet groove 1042 and the desorbent inlet groove 1043 are respectively connected to the displacer flow conduit and the desorbent flow conduit, and the opening areas of the displacer inlet groove 1042 and the desorbent inlet groove 1043 are matched with the changed cross-sectional area of the first-order molecular sieve layer 17 in the sieving cavity 202, so that the cross-sectional area of the first-order molecular sieve layer 17 in the sieving cavity 202 sequentially reaches the opening areas of the displacer inlet groove 1042 and the desorbent inlet groove 1043 during rotation, so that the displacer and the desorbent can be introduced into the sieving cavity 202 in large quantities for displacement and desorption, because the displacer and the desorbent can be separated in the separation vessel assembly 6, the introduction amount is limited to a small extent, the replacement and desorption efficiencies can be improved, and the naphtha raw material introduction amount in the raw material inlet groove 1041 is linearly related to the total mass fraction of the first-order molecular sieve layer 17, therefore, the opening area of the raw material inlet tank 1041 is reduced, the cross-sectional area of the first-order molecular sieve layer 17 in the screening chamber 202 is reduced, the multiple adsorption effect of the first-order molecular sieve layer 17 on the naphtha raw material can be improved, and the aromatic hydrocarbon component in the naphtha raw material can be fully absorbed.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption assembly 2 further includes: the partition wall 203 is arranged among the plurality of screening cavities 202, and is provided with a plurality of positioning notches 204, and the positioning notches 204 are arranged close to one side of the top of the rotary shell 201 and used for being matched with the elastic plugging sheets 1044 to perform isolation and sealing on the plurality of screening cavities 202; the second positioning notch 205 is arranged on one side of the bottom of the rotary shell 201 and is used for being matched with the second elastic plugging sheet 405 to seal the bottom of the rotary shell 201 in an isolated manner; the pressing strip 206 is fixedly arranged on one side of the positioning notch 204 and one side of the second positioning notch 205 and is used for pushing the elastic plugging sheet 1044 and the second elastic plugging sheet 405 to elastically slide when the rotary shell 201 rotates; a guide member 207 fixedly arranged between the sieving chambers 202 for defining the sliding direction of the rotary plate 208, and an elastic member 209 for driving the elastic return of the rotary plate 208 is assembled between the rotary plate 208 and the partition wall 203; and the pore plate 210 is arranged close to one side of the bottom of the rotary shell 201 and used for supporting the first-order molecular sieve layer 17 in the plurality of sieving cavities 202.
In practical application of this embodiment, when the rotary housing 201 is driven by the driving shaft 211 to rotate about a fixed axis, the pressing strips 206 at two sides of the rotary housing 201 press the elastic plugging sheet 1044 at one side and the elastic plugging sheet two 405 at the other side to elastically contract during rotation, and during the contraction of the elastic plugging sheet 1044 and the elastic plugging sheet two 405, the rotary housing 201 is attached to one side of the feeding member 104 to rotate, and when the elastic plugging sheet 1044 and the elastic plugging sheet two 405 rotate to one side of the positioning notch 204 and the positioning notch two 205, the elastic plugging sheet 1044 and the elastic plugging sheet two 405 are fastened in the positioning notch 204 and the positioning notch two 205, and the partition wall 203 is matched to hermetically seal both the top and the end of the rotary housing 201, the orifice plate 210 is disposed at one side of the bottom of the rotary housing 201, and the pore of the orifice plate 210 is smaller than the particle size of the molecular sieve.
In one case of this embodiment, the driving shaft 211 may preferably be connected to a speed reducer for driving, so as to make the rotating housing 201 rotate at a certain angle, and here, the normal paraffin extraction assembly 3 is not particularly limited as long as the rotating housing 201 can be driven to rotate at a certain angle by matching the number of the screening cavities 202.
In one aspect of this embodiment, the driving shaft 211 is provided with a vibrating fluted disc 212 on one side to enable the rotary housing 201 to vibrate during rotation, and in this embodiment, the first-order molecular sieve layer 17 preferably adopts a chromatography silica gel adsorbent, which is a fine powder, and can move faster in cooperation with rotation of the rotary plate 208 under the vibration condition, and is uniformly filled in the sieving cavity 202, so that the displacing agent and the releasing agent can uniformly contact with the first-order molecular sieve layer 17 during the process of passing into the sieving cavity 202, and the displacing and releasing efficiency is improved.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption assembly 2 further includes: a magnetic pole sliding part 213 which is assembled at the end of the rotary plate 208 and is arranged between the rotary plate 208 and the inner wall of the sieving cavity 202; and a fixed electromagnetic sheet 214 fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the first processing chamber 102, for absorbing the magnetic pole sliding part 213 by pulse current, so that the rotary plate 208 rotates at a set angle relative to the rotary housing 201 during the rotation of the rotary housing 201, thereby adjusting the cross-sectional area of the first-order molecular sieve layer 17 in the sieving chamber 202.
In practical application of the present embodiment, the fixed electromagnetic plate 214 on the wall surface of the first processing chamber 102 generates a power-on/power-off with a certain frequency under the action of the pulse current, the fixed electromagnetic plate 214 is driven to generate an intermittent magnetic attraction effect, when the fixed electromagnetic plate 214 is in a magnetic attraction state, the fixed electromagnetic plate can pass through the shell-absorbed magnetic pole sliding portion 213 of the rotary shell 201, so that a cavity with a fixed angle is formed between the rotary plate 208 and the sieving cavity 202, which are assembled and connected to the magnetic pole sliding portion 213, and at this time, the first-order molecular sieve layer 17 between the cavities is uniformly filled in the cavity between the sieving cavity 202 and the rotary plate 208 under the vibration effect of the vibrating fluted disc 212, thereby forming the first-order molecular sieve layer 17 with a required cross-sectional area.
In one case of this embodiment, the rotating casing 201 is made of a non-ferromagnetic material, so as to avoid interference with the magnetic effects of the pole sliding portion 213 and the fixed electromagnet pieces 214.
Referring to fig. 1, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the aromatic hydrocarbon discharging assembly 4 further comprises: a base 401 fixedly fitted in the outer case 101; a displacer discharge groove 402 provided toward the bottom of the rotary casing 201 and matching with the displacer feed groove 1042 to discharge a displacer discharge liquid; a desorption agent discharge tank 403 which is provided toward the bottom side of the rotary housing 201, is provided in a manner matching with the desorption agent inlet tank 1043, and is used for discharging desorption agent discharge liquid; and a dearomatization liquid discharge tank 404 disposed toward one side of the bottom of the rotary casing 201, and disposed to match the raw material inlet tank 1041, for discharging a naphtha dearomatization liquid discharge.
In practical applications of this embodiment, the dearomatization liquid discharge tank 404, the substitution agent discharge tank 402 and the desorption agent discharge tank 403 are respectively matched with the raw material inlet tank 1041, the substitution agent inlet tank 1042 and the desorption agent inlet tank 1043, so that the discharge liquid in the screening chamber 202 can be stably discharged.
In practical application of the present embodiment, one side of the revolving shell 201 sends the dearomatization effluent to the liquid storage device 406 through the dearomatization effluent discharge tank 404, and inputs the dearomatization effluent to the n-alkane extraction component 3 through the effluent pipe 407, and the liquid storage device 406 can heat and pressurize the dearomatization effluent, so that the dearomatization effluent input to the n-alkane extraction component 3 meets the temperature and pressure standard for extracting n-alkane.
Referring to fig. 1, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, a heating wall 16 is disposed in the cracking furnace 9, and one side of the heating wall 16 is assembled with the n-alkane extraction unit 3 for providing heat energy for the reaction in the n-alkane extraction unit 3.
In practical application of the embodiment, when pretreated normal paraffin enters the cracking furnace 9 after being mixed with dilution steam in the dilution steam pipe 19 through the normal paraffin pipeline 7, the diluted dilution steam is uniformly heated in the radiation pipe 11 through the burner assembly 10 and is introduced into the quenching boiler 12 to form pyrolysis gas exhaust device, flue gas formed by combustion in the burner assembly 10 enters the smoke exhaust pipe 13, heat is introduced into the convection cavity 15 through the convection pipe assembly 14, hydrocarbon and dilution steam in the normal paraffin pipeline 7 passing through one side of the convection cavity 15 are preheated to cross temperature in the convection cavity 15 and then enter the radiation pipe 11, cracking effect can be improved, and adsorption efficiency of normal paraffin in the normal paraffin extraction assembly 3 can be improved through heat absorbed by the heating wall 16 side.
In one embodiment, the operation principle of the cracking furnace 9 is common knowledge in the art, and is not described in detail herein.
Referring to fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present invention, the n-paraffin discharge assembly 5 includes a base 501, a n-paraffin displacing agent discharge pipe 502, a n-paraffin desorbent discharge pipe 503, and an isoparaffin discharge pipe 504, the base 501 is provided with the n-paraffin displacing agent discharge pipe 502 and the n-paraffin desorbent discharge pipe 503 for discharging the displacing agent and the desorbent in the n-paraffin extraction assembly 3, respectively, and the isoparaffin discharge pipe 504 is used for discharging the isoparaffin discharge liquid in the n-paraffin extraction assembly 3.
Referring to fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present invention, the separation kettle assembly 6 includes a first kettle 601, a second kettle 602, a third kettle 603, and a fourth kettle 604, where the first kettle 601 is used for separating the discharged displacing agent in the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption assembly 2; the second kettle body 602 is used for separating the desorption agent discharged from the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component 2; the third kettle body 603 is used for separating the discharged displacing agent in the normal paraffin extraction component 3; the fourth kettle 604 is used for separating the desorbed solvent in the n-alkane extraction module 3.
Referring to fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present invention, the input pipe set 8 includes a first liquid inlet pipe 801, a second liquid inlet pipe 802, a third liquid inlet pipe 803, and a fourth liquid inlet pipe 804, where the first liquid inlet pipe 801 is used to input a displacing agent into the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorbing assembly 2; the second liquid inlet pipe 802 is used for inputting a desorption agent into the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component 2; the third liquid inlet pipe 803 is used for inputting a displacing agent into the n-alkane extraction component 3; the fourth liquid inlet pipe 804 is used for inputting a desorption agent into the normal paraffin extraction component 3.
The naphtha cracking device provided in the above embodiment of the present invention can cyclically pretreat a naphtha raw material by the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component 2 and the normal paraffin extraction component 3 which are rotatably arranged in the first treatment chamber 102 and the second treatment chamber 103, and multiple stages of pretreatment processes are not interfered with each other, so that aromatic hydrocarbon components in the naphtha raw material can be reduced, normal paraffin components in pretreated products can be improved, coking conditions in the cracking furnace can be effectively reduced, and the yield of olefins in cracked products can be improved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A naphtha cracking unit, includes the pyrolysis furnace, its characterized in that, naphtha cracking unit still includes:
the pretreatment mechanism comprises a first treatment cavity and a second treatment cavity, and is respectively used for performing dearomatization treatment and normal alkane extraction on a naphtha raw material;
the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component is rotationally arranged in the first treatment cavity and comprises a rotary shell, a plurality of screening cavities are arranged in the rotary shell, the number of the screening cavities is at least 3, the screening cavities are used for circularly treating naphtha raw materials, first-order molecular sieve layers are uniformly distributed in the screening cavities and used for removing aromatic hydrocarbon from the naphtha raw materials, rotary plates are movably assembled in the screening cavities, the rotary plates are in sliding sealing butt joint with the inner walls of the screening cavities, one sides of the rotary plates are connected with the first-order molecular sieve layers and used for pushing the first-order molecular sieve layers to move in the screening cavities and sliding adjusting the cross-sectional areas of the first-order molecular sieve layers in the rotary shell, the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component further comprises a magnetic pole sliding part and a fixed electromagnetic sheet, the magnetic pole sliding part is assembled at the tail end of the rotary plates and is arranged between the rotary plates and the inner walls of the screening cavities, the fixed electromagnetic sheet is fixedly assembled on the inner wall of the first processing cavity and used for adsorbing the magnetic pole sliding part through pulse current so that the rotary plate rotates at a set angle relative to the rotary shell in the rotating process of the rotary shell, and the cross sectional area of the first-order molecular sieve layer in the sieving cavity is adjusted;
the normal paraffin extraction component is arranged in the second treatment cavity, has the same structure as the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component, is internally provided with a second-order molecular sieve layer and is used for extracting normal paraffin from the naphtha raw material subjected to dearomatization treatment;
the aromatic hydrocarbon discharge component is arranged between the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component and the normal alkane extraction component, and a plurality of elastic plugging sheets II are elastically assembled in the aromatic hydrocarbon discharge component and are used for isolating and sealing a plurality of screening cavities in the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component in cooperation with the rotation of the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component and simultaneously discharging different reaction products in the screening cavities in the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component;
the normal paraffin discharging component is arranged on one side of the normal paraffin extracting component and is used for discharging different reaction products in the normal paraffin extracting component;
the separation kettle component is communicated with the aromatic hydrocarbon discharge component and the normal paraffin discharge component and is used for separating reaction products in the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component and the normal paraffin extraction component so as to feed the raw material subjected to dearomatization treatment and normal paraffin extraction into a cracking furnace for cracking; and
and the input pipe group is used for inputting a displacing agent and a desorbing agent into the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component and the normal paraffin extraction component and discharging substances adsorbed in the first-order molecular sieve layer and the second-order molecular sieve layer so that the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component and the normal paraffin extraction component can circularly process naphtha raw materials.
2. The naphtha cracking unit of claim 1, wherein the pretreatment mechanism further comprises:
the outer shell is used for movably assembling the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component and the normal paraffin extraction component;
the feeding component is arranged close to one side of the top of the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component, a plurality of elastic plugging sheets are elastically assembled in the feeding component, and the elastic plugging sheets are used for isolating and sealing a plurality of screening cavities in the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component in cooperation with the rotation of the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component; and
and the raw material pipe group is arranged on one side of the outer shell, is close to one side of the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component and is used for preferentially inputting a naphtha raw material to be treated into the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component.
3. A naphtha cracking unit as set forth in claim 2 wherein said feed member further comprises:
the raw material feeding groove is arranged on one side of the feeding component and communicated with the raw material pipe group;
the displacing agent inlet groove is arranged on one side of the raw material inlet groove, has an opening area larger than that of the raw material inlet groove and is used for inputting the displacing agent into the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component; and
and the desorption agent inlet groove is arranged on one side of the displacement agent inlet groove, the opening area of the desorption agent inlet groove is larger than that of the displacement agent inlet groove, and the desorption agent inlet groove is used for inputting desorption agents into the aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption component.
4. A naphtha cracking unit as set forth in claim 2 wherein said aromatics adsorption module further comprises:
the partition wall is arranged among the plurality of screening cavities, is provided with a plurality of positioning notches, is arranged close to one side of the top of the rotary shell and is used for being matched with the elastic plugging sheets to isolate and seal the plurality of screening cavities;
the second positioning notch is arranged on one side of the bottom of the rotary shell and is used for being matched with the elastic plugging sheet to isolate and seal the bottoms of the two pairs of rotary shells;
the pressing strip is fixedly arranged on one side of the positioning notch and one side of the positioning notch II and is used for pushing the elastic plugging sheet and the elastic plugging sheet II to elastically slide when the rotary shell rotates;
the guide piece is fixedly arranged between the screening cavities and used for limiting the sliding direction of the rotary plate, and the elastic piece is assembled between the rotary plate and the partition wall and used for driving the rotary plate to elastically reset; and
and the pore plate is arranged close to one side of the bottom of the rotary shell and used for bearing the first-order molecular sieve layers in the screening cavities.
5. A naphtha cracking unit as set forth in claim 3 wherein said aromatics rejection assembly further comprises:
the base is fixedly assembled in the outer shell;
a displacer discharge groove which is provided toward one side of the bottom of the rotary housing, is matched with the displacer inlet groove, and is used for discharging a displacer discharge liquid;
the desorption agent discharge groove is arranged towards one side of the bottom of the rotary shell, is matched with the desorption agent inlet groove and is used for discharging desorption agent discharge liquid; and
and the dearomatization liquid discharge groove is arranged towards one side of the bottom of the rotary shell, is matched with the raw material inlet groove and is used for discharging naphtha dearomatization liquid discharge.
6. The naphtha cracking apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cracking furnace is provided with a heating wall, and one side of the heating wall is assembled with the normal paraffin extraction component and used for providing heat energy for the reaction in the normal paraffin extraction component.
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| US6440894B1 (en) * | 2001-06-25 | 2002-08-27 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents, Inc. | Methods of removing halogen from non-zeolitic molecular sieve catalysts |
| CN1292050C (en) * | 2004-06-29 | 2006-12-27 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for separating normal alkane from full fraction naphtha |
| CN204147743U (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2015-02-11 | 株式会社西部技研 | Low-temp recovery type absorption type dehydrating unit |
| US10538711B2 (en) * | 2015-06-02 | 2020-01-21 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Process for converting naphtha |
| CN111471487A (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2020-07-31 | 内蒙古伊泰宁能精细化工有限公司 | Preparation process of high-purity environment-friendly isoparaffin solvent oil |
| CN211537136U (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-09-22 | 杭州亚飞环保科技有限公司 | Zeolite runner concentration adsorption desorption purifier |
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