CN113717013A - Composite soil conditioner for extremely-acidified mine waste land and application - Google Patents

Composite soil conditioner for extremely-acidified mine waste land and application Download PDF

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CN113717013A
CN113717013A CN202111058368.XA CN202111058368A CN113717013A CN 113717013 A CN113717013 A CN 113717013A CN 202111058368 A CN202111058368 A CN 202111058368A CN 113717013 A CN113717013 A CN 113717013A
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张建锋
王志高
谢金亮
何新春
刘慧芳
朱柱
王旭
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China ENFI Engineering Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation

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  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention provides a composite modifier for soil of an extremely acidified mine waste land and application thereof. The composite modifier comprises, by weight, 5-20 parts of hydrated lime powder, 50-110 parts of activated clay mineral powder, 20-50 parts of organic fertilizer and 10-20 parts of biological bacterium organic material. The composite modifier can rapidly remove acid and regulate the pH value of soil, can increase the content of organic matters in the soil and improve the permeability of the soil, and can reduce the effective state content of composite heavy metal, reduce toxicity, continuously supplement medium and trace elements such as silicon, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and the like by using the active clay mineral substance functional material, so that the soil is rich in active peptide mineral substances, the proportion of acid-producing microorganisms is reduced, and the probiotic microorganism active flora is introduced. Therefore, the invention can reconstruct healthy soil in all directions and improve the nutrient function, the structural function and the ecological environment function.

Description

Composite soil conditioner for extremely-acidified mine waste land and application
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a composite soil conditioner for an extremely-acidified mine waste land and application thereof.
Background
The area of non-ferrous metal mine abandoned land in China is as high as 200 million hectares, an effective ecological restoration technology is lacked all the time, particularly, metal mineral resources in the southern area of China are rich, and the non-ferrous metal mines in which various metal sulfides exist, such as pyrite, copper ore, lead-zinc ore and the like, are mostly adopted, and in the process of metal mineral mining, ecological restoration treatment is urgently needed for open-pit mining plants, tailing areas, dumping areas, lands losing economic utilization value due to heavy metal pollution and the like.
Sulfur-containing minerals (mainly pyrite FeS)2) Exposure to air, coupled with natural leaching, and air (mainly O)2) And the iron ions and the iron/sulfur oxidizing bacteria can quickly generate oxidation reaction under the catalytic action to generate acid.
Before biological oxidation of pyrite, an initial acidification process is required. This initial acidification is by O2The chemical reaction equation of the mediated natural oxidation process, the reaction rate and the slowness thereof is (1). FeS2Is mainly made of Fe3+Is completed by oxidation of (a). Three reactions (2) (3) (4) are mainly involved in this process, in which the acidophilic microorganism acts in such a way that it catalyzes the reaction (2) by incorporating Fe2+Is oxidized into Fe3+Thereby promoting the reaction (2) to proceed, under the action of the microorganism, Fe3+Is oxidized at a rate higher than that of oxygen2The oxidation rate is 5 orders of magnitude faster。
2FeS2+7O2+2H2O→2FeSO4+2H2SO4 (1)
4Fe2++O2+4H+→4Fe3++2H2O (2)
Fe3++3H2O→Fe(OH)3+3H+ (3)
14Fe3++FeS2+8H2O→15Fe2++2SO4 2-+16H+ (4)
Heavy metal pollution is one of the main environmental problems faced by China, non-ferrous metal mining activities are the most main sources of heavy metal pollution in China, even some metal mines are multi-metal mines comprising iron ores, copper ores, lead-zinc ores and the like, the left abandoned lands contain a large amount of heavy metal elements, soil and surface water bodies in the mine areas are polluted through rainwater leaching, and the growth of plants is inhibited under the toxic synergistic effect.
Therefore, aiming at the main problems of strong acidity and acid production, high heavy metal toxicity, serious barrenness and high proportion of acid-producing microorganisms faced by the soil (pH value is less than 4.5) of the extremely-acidified mine waste land, healthy soil must be reconstructed comprehensively mainly from four aspects of rapid acid elimination, organic matters, mineral substances and microorganisms, the nutrient function, the structural function and the ecological environment function of the soil are improved, and the two problems of pollution control and extreme acidification in the project of ecological restoration and treatment of the extremely-acidified mine waste land are solved.
The prior patents aiming at soil remediation of extremely acidified mine wasteland are still few, and most of the patents are concentrated on the aspect of agricultural application, for example, Chinese patent document (publication number: CN111423884A) discloses an acid soil conditioner and an application method and application thereof, wherein the acid soil conditioner comprises biochar and hydrated lime, and the weight ratio of the biochar to the hydrated lime is (10-40): 1.5-3); the biochar comprises pig manure pyrolytic carbon and/or rice straw carbon. The invention combines the biochar and the hydrated lime, can improve the soil problem caused by singly using the hydrated lime, avoids the defect that singly using the biochar has high cost and is not easy to be applied in a large scale, can improve the growth environment of crop roots, promotes the growth and absorption of roots, improves the nutrition and growth conditions, and increases the crop yield.
Organic matters and microorganisms in soil of a metal mining area are concerned more, the lack of active mineral matters in the soil is not taken into consideration, the ecological soil is formed by the mineral matters, the organic matters and the microorganisms together, and the ecological environment of the soil is contributed and optimized, for example, Chinese patent document (publication number: CN110860554A) discloses an improvement method for extremely acidifying mine soil, the microbial community structure of the soil is changed by using a modifier and a microbial agent, particularly, the relative abundance of iron-sulfur oxidation acid-producing microorganisms is reduced, and the oxidation acid production of metal sulfides is inhibited; the modifier can adsorb, chelate, complex and fix heavy metal ions, reduce the biological toxicity of the heavy metal ions and reduce the diffusion and leakage of the heavy metal ions to the surrounding soil or water.
However, the above improvement methods mainly focus on the main problems of strong acidity, acid production, high heavy metal toxicity, severe impoverishment, too high proportion of acid-producing microorganisms and the like faced by the extremely acidified waste soil of mines, and the improvement of the metal mine soil pays more attention to organic matters and microorganisms. However, the lack of active mineral substances in the soil has not been paid attention to, which results in the incomplete soil improvement and the phenomena of vegetation degradation, soil acid reversion and the like in metal mining areas. The ecological and healthy soil should be formed by mineral substances, organic matters and microorganisms, and the ecological environment of the soil is contributed and optimized together, so that a novel modifying agent suitable for comprehensively modifying the extremely acidic heavy metal polluted soil is needed to be provided, and the problems of poor soil active peptide mineral substances, incomplete soil modification and the like in the existing modifying method are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a composite soil conditioner for extremely-acidified mine waste land and application thereof, and aims to solve the problems of poor soil active peptide minerals, incomplete soil improvement and the like in the conventional improvement method.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a composite conditioner for soil of a super-acidized mine wasteland, comprising, by weight, 5 to 20 parts of slaked lime powder, 50 to 110 parts of activated clay mineral powder, 20 to 50 parts of an organic fertilizer, and 10 to 20 parts of a biological bacterium organic material.
Further, the active clay mineral powder comprises, by weight, 15-35 parts of attapulgite clay powder, 20-40 parts of sepiolite powder and 15-35 parts of active montmorillonite powder.
Further, the organic fertilizer is selected from a chicken manure and rice hull decomposed fertilizer and/or a cow manure organic fertilizer.
Further, the organic fertilizer is chicken manure and rice hull decomposed fertilizer, and the weight part of the organic fertilizer is 30-50 parts; or the organic fertilizer is cow dung organic fertilizer, and the weight part of the organic fertilizer is 20-40 parts.
Further, the components of the biological bacteria organic material comprise probiotics, liquid calcium, nitrogen phosphorus potassium and amino acid, and the probiotics comprise one or more of photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria and metarhizium anisopliae.
Further, the composite modifier comprises, by weight, 12-16 parts of slaked lime powder, 28-32 parts of attapulgite clay powder, 25-30 parts of sepiolite powder, 18-22 parts of active montmorillonite powder, 36-40 parts of chicken manure and rice hull organic fertilizer and 12-16 parts of biological bacterium organic material.
Further, the particle size of the hydrated lime powder is 200-325 meshes; the granularity of the active clay mineral powder is 200-325 meshes; the biological bacteria organic material is solid particles or liquid agent, and the pH value of the biological bacteria organic material is 6.5-7.2.
According to another aspect of the invention, the invention also provides a method for improving the extremely-acidified mine waste land soil, which adopts the composite improver to improve the extremely-acidified mine waste land soil.
Further, the improvement method comprises the following steps: the composite modifier is applied to the surface of the soil of the extremely acidified mine wasteland, and the application sequence comprises slaked lime powder, active clay mineral powder, organic fertilizer and biological bacteria organic material in turn; ploughing the extremely acidic heavy metal contaminated soil to a depth of 5-10 cm.
Further, the pH value of the soil of the extremely-acidified mine waste land is less than 4.5, and the application amount of the composite modifier is 100-300 kg/mu.
The invention provides a composite modifier for soil of an extremely acidified mine waste land, which can rapidly remove acid and adjust the pH value of the soil, increase the content of organic matters in the soil and improve the permeability of the soil, and utilizes an active clay mineral substance functional material to reduce the content of effective states of composite heavy metals, reduce toxicity, continuously supplement medium and trace elements such as silicon, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and the like, so that the soil is rich in active peptide mineral substances, the proportion of acid-producing microorganisms is reduced, and probiotic microorganism active floras are introduced. Therefore, the invention can reconstruct healthy soil in all directions and improve the nutrient function, the structural function and the ecological environment function.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows photographs of a potted plant of paspalum natatum and bermuda grass grown for 3 months in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows photographs of amorpha fruticosa and rhus chinensis shrub potted plants grown for 6 months in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows photographs of the growth of control potted plants in example 1.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
The composite modifier adopted by the invention is mainly used for reconstructing healthy soil in all directions from four aspects of fast acid elimination, organic matters, mineral substances and microorganisms, improving the nutrient function, the structural function and the ecological environment function of the soil, solving the two problems of pollution control and extreme acidification in the project of ecological restoration and treatment of the soil of the extremely acidified mine wasteland, and having convenient and efficient construction and low cost.
The composite modifier comprises, by weight, 5-20 parts of slaked lime powder, 50-110 parts of activated clay mineral powder, 20-50 parts of organic fertilizer and 10-20 parts of biological bacterium organic material.
The invention aims at the improvement mechanism of the extremely acidified mine wasteland soil as follows: slaked lime powder of the formula Ca (OH)2The raw materials are carbonate minerals which are cheap and easily available, and the hydrated lime on the one hand is bonded with Al in extremely acidic soil granules in a mining area3+Or carboxyl functional groups in the organic matters interact with each other, and the pH value of the soil is increased through neutralization reaction, so that the acid can be quickly eliminated, and the buffering regulation function of the pH value of the soil can be improved; on the other hand, the calcium-rich calcium carbonate can be used as an inorganic passivator to form effective Ca from the original inactive Ca in the soil2+So that the heavy metal ions form metal hydroxide precipitates with the heavy metal ions. The active clay mineral powder is natural silicate clay mineral, and has the advantages of rich resources, no environmental pollution and low cost; the pH value can be improved due to the alkaline material; the heavy metal ion carrier has large specific surface area and adsorption capacity, can adsorb, chelate, complex and fix heavy metal ions at the same time, reduces the biological toxicity of the heavy metal ions, and reduces the diffusion and leakage of the heavy metal ions to surrounding soil or water to passivate the heavy metal; the fine granular structure can fill up short soil mineral substances, supplement trace elements in active mineral substances which can be absorbed and utilized by plants, loosen hardened soil, improve soil permeability, slowly release nutrients, retain water and preserve fertilizer. The organic fertilizer has the functions of adjusting the pH value and providing organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; meanwhile, the soil stabilizer is also an organic passivator which has physical and chemical effects of adsorption, precipitation, complexation and the like with heavy metals in soil, changes the chemical forms of the heavy metals in the soil and reduces the biological effectiveness of the heavy metals. The biological bacteria organic material can reduce the acid environment required by the growth of acid-producing microorganisms while adjusting the pH range and balancing the pH value of soil, and simultaneously introduce the composite active biological probiotic group to ensure that the beneficial biological group in the improved soil is in an absolute dominant positionThe nitrogen and carbon in the soil and the air can promote the root system to accelerate the growth and improve the survival rate.
More importantly, the conditioner of the invention simultaneously comprises the components, and each component can not only exert respective effect, but also can be matched with other components, so that the synergistic effect is achieved, and the conditioner has a remarkable improvement effect on extremely acidified mine waste land soil. In a word, the composite modifier can rapidly remove acid and regulate the pH value of soil, can increase the content of organic matters in the soil and improve the permeability of the soil, and can reduce the content of the effective state of the composite heavy metal, reduce the toxicity, continuously supplement medium and trace elements such as silicon, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and the like by using the active clay mineral substance functional material, so that the soil is rich in active peptide mineral substances, reduce the proportion of acid-producing microorganisms and introduce probiotic microorganism active floras. Therefore, the invention can reconstruct healthy soil in all directions and improve the nutrient function, the structural function and the ecological environment function.
In order to fully exert the function of the activated clay mineral powder for fixing the heavy metal ions, in a preferred embodiment, the activated clay mineral powder comprises 15-35 parts by weight of attapulgite clay powder, 20-40 parts by weight of sepiolite powder and 15-35 parts by weight of activated montmorillonite powder. The attapulgite clay has a pH value of 8-9 and a chemical molecular formula of Mg5Si8O20(OH)2(OH2)4·4H2O, sepiolite powder is a fibrous hydrous magnesium silicate of formula Mg8(H2O)4[Si6O16]2·(OH)4·8H2And O. The three mineral powders are more favorable for exerting the synergistic effect of the three mineral powders, and have better promotion effects on pH value adjustment and heavy metal ion fixation of the extremely acidified mine waste land soil. In practical application, the mineral substances can be crushed, ground and sieved, and mixed according to a given proportion to form uniform fine powder.
In one embodiment, the organic fertilizer includes, but is not limited to, a chicken manure and rice hull decomposed fertilizer and/or a cow manure organic fertilizer. The application amount of the organic fertilizer is different according to different organic fertilizers. Preferably, the organic fertilizer is chicken manure and rice hull decomposed fertilizer, and the weight part of the organic fertilizer is 30-50 parts; or the organic fertilizer is cow dung organic fertilizer, and the weight part of the organic fertilizer is 20-40 parts.
The main functions of the biological bacterium organic material are to introduce probiotics into soil, promote the release and chelation of trace elements in the soil, for example, allow aggregates to form, optimize the soil structure and accelerate soil aging. To further enhance the above effect, in a preferred embodiment, the bio-bacterial organic material comprises probiotics, liquid calcium, nitrogen phosphorus potassium and amino acids, and the probiotics comprise one or more of photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria, and metarhizium anisopliae. Preferably, the number of the probiotics living bacteria is more than or equal to 1 hundred million strains/gram, the liquid calcium is more than or equal to 5 grams/100 grams, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are more than or equal to 3 grams/100 grams, the amino acid is more than or equal to 0.2 grams/100 grams, and the pH value is 6.5-7.2. The biological bacteria organic material can be purchased commercially, such as an ecological restoration biological composite conditioning material specially used for a slope and produced by Beijing Shennong xi Yuan organic agriculture development Limited company. Or self-prepared probiotics, liquid calcium, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, amino acid and the like. For the purpose of further improving the soil improvement effect, in a preferred embodiment, the composite modifier comprises 12-16 parts by weight of slaked lime powder, 28-32 parts by weight of attapulgite clay powder, 25-30 parts by weight of sepiolite powder, 18-22 parts by weight of active montmorillonite powder, 36-40 parts by weight of chicken manure/rice hull organic fertilizer and 12-16 parts by weight of biological bacteria organic material.
The preferred granularity of the slaked lime powder is 200-325 meshes; the granularity of the active clay mineral powder is 200-325 meshes; the biological bacteria organic material is solid particles or liquid agent, and the pH value of the biological bacteria organic material is 6.5-7.2. When the biological bacterium organic material is solid particles, the biological bacterium organic material can be directly matched with other components in a solid particle form for use, or can be diluted by water and then sprinkled.
According to another aspect of the invention, the invention also provides a method for improving the extremely-acidified mine waste land soil, which adopts the composite improver to improve the extremely-acidified mine waste land soil. In metal mine ecological restoration engineering, the application of a soil in-situ matrix improvement technology is common. When the in-situ soil improvement is carried out on the extremely acidic heavy metal contaminated soil in the extremely acidic mining area waste site and other extremely acidic heavy metal contaminated soil, the spreading can be carried out by using the common method in the field, such as bottom spreading, arbor and shrub hole spreading, strip-shaped ditch and strip spreading and the like.
In a preferred embodiment, the above-mentioned improvement method comprises the steps of: the composite modifier is applied to the surface of the soil of the extremely acidified mine wasteland, and the application sequence comprises slaked lime powder, active clay mineral powder, organic fertilizer and biological bacteria organic material in turn; ploughing the extremely acidic heavy metal contaminated soil to a depth of 5-10 cm. The hydrated lime powder, the activated clay mineral powder and the organic fertilizer are directly applied in a powdery or solid granular form, and the biological bacterium organic material can be applied in a solid granular form or a liquid agent form. The solid particles are preferably 60-80 g/m2The liquid can be diluted by 100-200 times and then sprayed, and 5-10 kg of the liquid is sprayed per mu. In the ploughing process, a hoe, a pickaxe, a shovel and the like are used for simple ploughing.
Preferably, the pH value of the soil of the extremely-acidified mine wasteland is less than 4.5, and the application amount of the composite modifier is 100-300 kg/mu.
Through the improvement, the pH value of the extremely-acidified mine waste land soil (the pH value is below 4.5 and even can reach about 2.5) can be adjusted to 6.0-8.5, and the net acid production potential NAG is reduced by more than 40%; the effective state content of main pollution heavy metal elements (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd and the like) in the soil is solidified by more than 60 percent; the soil fertility is obviously improved; the vegetation coverage reaches more than 90.
The improvement method provided by the invention has wide application range, and can be used for in-situ matrix improvement of the soil of the extremely acidic mine waste land, such as a mine waste dump, a tailing pond, a mining pit side slope, a polluted degraded land and the like.
In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the key mineral components contained in the composite modifier are mostly fine particle mineral materials, can fill up short soil mineral boards, supplement trace elements in active mineral substances which can be absorbed and utilized by plants, improve soil hardening, retain water and fertilizer, are green and low-carbon, and have no environmental pollution and low price.
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention as claimed.
Example 1
Extreme acidic heavy metal contaminated soil (the pH value is 2.5-3.5, the average pH value is 3.0) is collected from a certain dumping site belonging to polymetallic mineral products such as lead-zinc ore, iron ore, copper ore and the like and is transported to a local open-air nursery garden and is used as test soil, the physicochemical property indexes of a test soil sample are shown in table 1, and the composite improver is added to perform a soil matrix improvement test in an open-air environment.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003255481630000061
The composite modifier comprises 12 parts by weight of slaked lime powder (granularity of 300 meshes), active clay mineral powder (attapulgite clay 32 parts, sepiolite powder 25 parts, active montmorillonite powder 18 parts and granularity of 325 meshes), 36 parts of chicken manure and rice hull decomposed fertilizer and 12 parts of biological bacterium organic material solid particles (a special ecological restoration biological composite conditioning material for side slopes of Beijing Shennong Royal source organic agriculture development limited company from manufacturers).
The composite modifier is spread on the surface of soil, wherein the spreading sequence comprises hydrated lime powder, activated clay mineral powder, organic fertilizer and biological bacterium organic material, the spreading amount is 200 kg/mu, and then the soil is ploughed to the depth of 5-10 cm. Planting shrub plants including amorpha fruticosa and rhus chinensis, planting herbaceous plants including bermudagrass and paspalum natatum, and sowing the four plants by using plant seeds, wherein the herbaceous plant seeds are sown by about 500 seeds in each pot, and the shrub plant seeds are sown by 20 seeds in each pot, carrying out pot experiment with the period of 3-6 months (wherein the herbaceous plants are 3 months, and the shrub plants are 6 months), collecting soil samples after the experiment is finished, and analyzing the soil pH and the net acid production potential NAG by using soil acidification indexes; the soil fertility index analyzes organic matters, namely quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium; the soil heavy metal indexes analyze 10 indexes in total, namely effective lead, effective copper, effective zinc and effective cadmium.
From soil analysis after potted plant improvement, compared with each index before test soil improvement (the change conditions of each index before and after soil improvement of potted plant test are shown in table 2, wherein the example group is the index average value of the soil corresponding to four potted plants), the pH value of the soil is improved by 4.16 pH units, and the net acid production potential NAG is reduced by 47.19%; the contents of soil organic matters, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium are respectively 63.06, 5.51, 27.07 and 11.31 times of the corresponding indexes of the original tested soil; the contents of heavy metal effective state lead, effective state copper, effective state zinc and effective state cadmium in the soil are respectively reduced by 76.02, 54.15, 67.76 and 57.34 percent.
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0003255481630000071
From the effect of the pot experiment, the pot plant treated by adding the soil compound modifier grows vigorously, and no phenomena such as withered and yellow plant leaves, plant growth stopping, poisoning and the like occur in the whole growth period (in the figure 1, the No. 1 plant is herbal paspalum natatum, the No. 2 plant is bermuda grass, the growth period is 3 months, in the figure 2, the No. 1 plant is shrub amorpha fruticosa, the No. 2 plant is rhus chinensis, and the growth period is 6 months). The control potting treated without the soil conditioner had no indication of germination throughout the entire process (fig. 3 is a photograph of the control potting treated with the soil conditioner without the soil conditioner, wherein 1, 2, 3 and 4 correspond to paspalum natatum, bermuda grass, amorpha fruticosa and rhus chinensis, respectively).
Example 2
The difference from example 1 is that: the composite modifier comprises 16 parts by weight of slaked lime powder (granularity is 300 meshes), active clay mineral powder (attapulgite clay 28 parts, sepiolite powder 30 parts, active montmorillonite powder 22 parts, granularity is 325 meshes), 40 parts of chicken manure and rice hull decomposed fertilizer and 16 parts of biological bacterium organic material solid particles.
Compared with each index before the test soil is improved (the change conditions of each index before and after the soil is improved in the potting test are shown in table 3, wherein the example group is the index average value of the soil corresponding to four potted plants), the pH value of the soil is improved by 4.52 pH units, and the net acid production potential NAG is reduced by 42.90%; the contents of organic matters, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium in the soil are respectively 44.67, 3.96, 26.27 and 13.71 times of the corresponding indexes of the original tested soil; the contents of heavy metal available state lead, available state copper, available state zinc and available state cadmium in the soil are respectively reduced by 75.33, 45.89, 63.48 and 56.54 percent.
TABLE 3
Figure BDA0003255481630000072
Example 3
The difference from example 1 is that: the composite modifier comprises 12 parts by weight of slaked lime powder (granularity of 300 meshes), active clay mineral powder (attapulgite clay 15 parts, sepiolite powder 40 parts, active montmorillonite powder 35 parts, granularity of 325 meshes), 36 parts of chicken manure and rice hull decomposed fertilizer and 12 parts of biological bacterium organic material solid particles.
Compared with each index before the soil improvement of the test (the change condition of each index before and after the soil improvement of the potted plant test is shown in table 4, wherein the example group is the average value of the indexes of the soil corresponding to the potted plants of four plants), the pH value of the soil is improved by 3.33 pH units, and the net acid production potential NAG is reduced by 36.24 percent; the contents of organic matters, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium in the soil are respectively 42.29, 3.04, 10.34 and 8.91 times of the corresponding indexes of the original soil to be tested; the contents of heavy metal available state lead, available state copper, available state zinc and available state cadmium in the soil are respectively reduced by 64.81, 43.39, 54.91 and 50.10 percent.
TABLE 4
Figure BDA0003255481630000081
Example 4
The difference from example 1 is that: the composite modifier comprises 12 parts by weight of slaked lime powder (granularity of 300 meshes), active clay mineral powder (attapulgite clay 35 parts, sepiolite powder 20 parts, active montmorillonite powder 15 parts, granularity of 325 meshes), 36 parts of chicken manure and rice hull decomposed fertilizer and 12 parts of biological bacterium organic material solid particles.
Compared with each index before the test soil is improved (the change conditions of each index before and after the soil is improved in the potting test are shown in table 5, wherein the example group is the average value of the indexes of the soil corresponding to four potted plants), the pH value of the soil is improved by 4.78 pH units, and the net acid production potential NAG is reduced by 38.54%; the contents of soil organic matter, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium are respectively 42.14 times, 3.50 times, 11.72 times and 12.27 times of the corresponding indexes of the original soil to be tested; the contents of heavy metal available state lead, available state copper, available state zinc and available state cadmium in the soil are respectively reduced by 58.38, 36.43, 51.13 and 45.47 percent.
TABLE 5
Figure BDA0003255481630000091
Example 5
The difference from example 1 is that: the composite modifier comprises 5 parts by weight of slaked lime powder (granularity of 300 meshes), active clay mineral powder (attapulgite clay 10 parts, sepiolite powder 15 parts, active montmorillonite powder 25 parts, granularity of 325 meshes), 20 parts of chicken manure and rice hull decomposed fertilizer and 20 parts of biological bacterium organic material solid particles.
Compared with each index before the soil improvement of the test (the change condition of each index before and after the soil improvement of the potted plant test is shown in table 6, wherein the example group is the average value of the indexes of the soil corresponding to the potted plants of four plants), the pH value of the soil is improved by 4.71 pH units, and the net acid production potential NAG is reduced by 14.39 percent; the contents of organic matters, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium in the soil are respectively 35.92 times, 2.77 times, 7.62 times and 7.47 times of the corresponding indexes of the original soil to be tested; the contents of heavy metal available state lead, available state copper, available state zinc and available state cadmium in the soil are respectively reduced by 48.83, 26.68, 39.29 and 38.63 percent.
TABLE 6
Figure BDA0003255481630000092
Example 6
The composite modifier comprises 20 parts by weight of slaked lime powder (granularity is 300 meshes), active clay mineral powder (attapulgite clay 40 parts, sepiolite powder 15 parts, active montmorillonite powder 55 parts, granularity is 325 meshes), 50 parts of chicken manure and rice hull decomposed fertilizer and 10 parts of biological bacterium organic material solid particles.
Compared with each index before the test soil is improved (the change condition of each index before and after the soil is improved in the potting test is shown in table 7, wherein the example group is the average value of the indexes of the soil corresponding to four potted plants), the pH value of the soil is improved by 5.12 pH units, and the net acid production potential NAG is reduced by 27.74 percent; the contents of soil organic matters, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium are respectively 34.42, 2.64, 9.52 and 6.99 times of the corresponding indexes of the original tested soil; the contents of heavy metal available state lead, available state copper, available state zinc and available state cadmium in the soil are respectively reduced by 54.65%, 37.82%, 37.03% and 44.27%.
TABLE 7
Figure BDA0003255481630000101
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The composite conditioner for the soil of the extremely-acidified mine waste land is characterized by comprising, by weight, 5-20 parts of slaked lime powder, 50-110 parts of activated clay mineral powder, 20-50 parts of organic fertilizer and 10-20 parts of biological bacterium organic material.
2. The compound improver according to claim 1, wherein the activated clay mineral powder comprises, by weight, 15 to 35 parts of attapulgite clay powder, 20 to 40 parts of sepiolite powder and 15 to 35 parts of activated montmorillonite powder.
3. The compound improver according to claim 2, wherein the organic fertilizer is selected from a chicken manure/rice hull decomposed fertilizer and/or a cow manure organic fertilizer.
4. The compound improver according to claim 3, wherein the organic fertilizer is the decomposed fertilizer of the chicken manure and the rice hulls, and the weight part of the organic fertilizer is 30-50 parts; or the organic fertilizer is the cow dung organic fertilizer, and the weight part of the organic fertilizer is 20-40 parts.
5. The compound improver according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the composition of the biological organic material comprises a probiotic, liquid calcium, NPK and an amino acid, and the probiotic comprises one or more of photosynthetic bacteria, Bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria, Metarrhizium anisopliae.
6. The composite improver according to claim 3, wherein the composite improver comprises, by weight, 12 to 16 parts of the slaked lime powder, 28 to 32 parts of the attapulgite clay powder, 25 to 30 parts of the sepiolite powder, 18 to 22 parts of the active montmorillonite powder, 36 to 40 parts of the organic fertilizer of chicken manure and rice hull, and 12 to 16 parts of the organic material of biological bacteria.
7. The composite improver according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the hydrated lime powder has a particle size of 200 to 325 mesh; the granularity of the active clay mineral powder is 200-325 meshes; the biological bacterium organic material is solid particles or a liquid agent, and the pH value of the biological bacterium organic material is 6.5-7.2.
8. A method for improving extremely acidified mine waste land soil, characterized in that the extremely acidified mine waste land soil is improved by using the composite improver as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The improved method of claim 8, wherein the improvement comprises the steps of:
the composite modifier is applied to the surface of the soil of the extremely-acidified mine wasteland, and the application sequence comprises slaked lime powder, activated clay mineral powder, organic fertilizer and biological bacteria organic material in turn;
and ploughing the extremely acidic heavy metal contaminated soil to a depth of 5-10 cm.
10. The improvement method according to claim 9, wherein the pH value of the extremely acidified mine waste land soil is less than 4.5, and the application amount of the composite improver is 100-300 kg/mu.
CN202111058368.XA 2021-09-09 2021-09-09 Composite soil conditioner for extremely-acidified mine waste land and application Pending CN113717013A (en)

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Application publication date: 20211130