CN113708663A - Railway roadbed self-powered sensing network arrangement method based on piezoelectric power generation - Google Patents
Railway roadbed self-powered sensing network arrangement method based on piezoelectric power generation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a railway roadbed self-powered sensing network arrangement method based on piezoelectric power generation, which aims at different train axle weights and speeds to obtain power responses at different roadbed depths; for each roadbed depth, acquiring strain energy under different axle weights and different vehicle speeds based on dynamic response; obtaining dynamic stress amplitude and roadbed natural vibration frequency from dynamic response as external load input of the energy collector to obtain electric energy converted by the energy collector; and comparing the strain energy and the electric energy under the corresponding axle weight and the corresponding vehicle speed, and re-optimizing the structure of the energy collector of the roadbed depth when the difference value exceeds the threshold value. The invention summarizes the distribution characteristics of dynamic stress and vibration frequency in the railway subgrade under different axle weights, different speeds and different subgrade types, and designs the piezoelectric energy collector suitable for the railway subgrade according to the design and the arrangement basis of the piezoelectric energy collector in the subgrade according to the dynamic stress and the subgrade vibration frequency in the subgrade.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sensor networks, in particular to a railway roadbed self-powered sensor network based on piezoelectric power generation and an arrangement method.
Background
The state advocates the adoption of clean energy vigorously and combines the development strategy of intelligent construction, so that the development of the powerful clean energy is continued, and most of the wireless sensor network nodes are still powered by the traditional battery. However, the distribution range of sensor network nodes inside a railway roadbed is wide, the environments of the railway roadbed where the sensor network nodes are located are complex and various, the development requirement of long-term operation of wireless sensor network nodes cannot be met through a traditional battery power supply mode, the battery power inside the railway roadbed is limited, when the battery power is exhausted, batteries inside the roadbed are not easy to replace, a large amount of waste batteries are generated in a huge roadbed system, and the waste batteries cannot be replaced in time to cause serious pollution to the roadbed environment.
At present, a power supply method for a piezoelectric power generation passive sensor network in a railway roadbed, an arrangement mode of piezoelectric energy collectors, a structure type of the piezoelectric energy collectors, a connection mode of piezoelectric stacking structures, a selection of piezoelectric materials, packaging of the piezoelectric energy collectors and the like belong to blanks, so that a specific method for supplying power for the piezoelectric power generation passive sensor network in the railway roadbed needs to be researched and developed urgently.
When the wireless sensor network is arranged aiming at the roadbed in the railway tunnel, the supply of electric energy for the wireless sensor network through photovoltaic power generation and solar power generation is limited by field environmental conditions, so that the piezoelectric power generation based on railway roadbed vibration provides energy, and the method becomes a more ideal power supply method for the wireless sensor network.
Compared with electrostatic, composite and electromagnetic energy collection, the piezoelectric energy collection is more suitable for being applied to power supply of a wireless sensor network of a railway subgrade, and has the advantages of no electromagnetic interference, no need of providing an external power supply as a starting power supply, no environmental pollution, good stability and the like.
At present, no research on the arrangement method of the piezoelectric energy collectors in the railway roadbed exists in China.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a railway roadbed self-powered sensing network arrangement method based on piezoelectric power generation, which summarizes the distribution characteristics of dynamic stress and vibration frequency inside the railway roadbed under different axle weights, different speeds and different roadbed types, and designs a piezoelectric energy collector suitable for the railway roadbed according to the dynamic stress and the roadbed vibration frequency inside the roadbed as the design and arrangement basis of the piezoelectric energy collector inside the roadbed.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a railway roadbed self-powered sensing network arrangement method based on piezoelectric power generation, which comprises the following steps:
determining the depth of each roadbed, the axle weight range of the train and the vehicle speed range where the energy collector is located;
obtaining power responses at different roadbed depths according to different train axle weights and speeds;
for each roadbed depth, obtaining strain energy under different axle weights and different vehicle speeds based on the dynamic response; obtaining dynamic stress amplitude and roadbed natural vibration frequency from the dynamic response, and inputting the dynamic stress amplitude and the roadbed natural vibration frequency as external loads of the energy collector to obtain electric energy converted by the energy collector; comparing the strain energy and the electric energy under the corresponding axle weight and the corresponding vehicle speed, re-optimizing the structure of the energy collector of the roadbed depth when a difference value exceeds a threshold value, and determining the structure of the energy collector of the roadbed depth when the difference value does not exceed the threshold value;
and determining the distribution rule of the energy collectors, and arranging the energy collectors to form the railway roadbed self-powered sensing network.
Further, obtaining power responses at different roadbed depths for different train axle weights and train speeds includes:
carrying out field experiments aiming at different train axle weights and speeds, and testing the change of the dynamic stress amplitude and the natural vibration frequency at different depths to serve as dynamic response;
or finite element modeling is carried out, and the change of the dynamic stress amplitude value and the natural vibration frequency at different depths are calculated according to different train axle weights and train speeds to serve as dynamic response.
Further, obtaining strain energy at different axle weights and different vehicle speeds based on the dynamic response comprises: and obtaining the strain energy under different axle weights and different vehicle speeds by adopting a simulation mode, or obtaining the strain energy under different axle weights and different vehicle speeds by adopting an experiment mode.
Further, obtaining the electric energy converted by the energy harvester comprises: after the voltage output by the energy collector is rectified and filtered, the super capacitor stores energy, and the voltage of the super capacitor is collected to calculate to obtain electric energy.
Further, the structure of the energy harvester for optimizing the roadbed depth comprises: selecting a material with a higher piezoelectric constant, increasing the number of stacked piezoelectric sheets, and/or increasing the aspect ratio of the piezoelectric sheets.
Further, the distribution rule of each depth energy harvester is as follows: the density of the energy collectors below the track > the density of the energy collectors below the track center line > the density of the energy collectors at the shoulder portion. Furthermore, energy collectors are arranged below the track at intervals of 0.5-1 m along the track, energy collectors are arranged below the track central line at intervals of 1-2 m along the track central line, and energy collectors are arranged at intervals of 2-3 m along the track direction on the road shoulder portion.
Further, determining the distribution rule of the energy harvester includes:
according to the obtained energy collectors at different depths, strain energy is obtained under different axle weights and different vehicle speeds; calculating theoretical electric energy which can be obtained by the energy collectors at all depths every day according to the axle weight of the train passing through the railway subgrade every day and the expected speed, summing the theoretical electric energy to obtain the energy expected to be obtained by the self-powered sensing network every day, judging whether the energy is more than 50% of the electric quantity required by the self-powered sensing network, and increasing the number of the energy collectors if the energy is not more than 50%. Further, if the energy is less than 25% of the amount of electricity required by the self-powered sensor network, solar or photovoltaic power generation equipment is added.
Furthermore, each energy collector is arranged to form a railway roadbed self-powered sensing network, and the method comprises the following steps:
positioning the energy collector reserved point;
drilling a core and slotting at a reserved point;
cleaning the interior of the groove;
laying a bonding layer inside the groove;
the energy collectors are respectively arranged on the bonding layers in the grooves for sealing;
performing crack pouring on each slot;
and connecting the bus of each energy collector into the bus of the self-powered sensing network to supply power to the self-powered sensing network.
Furthermore, after the interior of the groove is cleaned, a layer of isolation plate is paved aiming at the arrangement point of each energy collector in advance, the side length of the cross section of each isolation plate is larger than that of each energy collector, and an adhesive layer is paved on each isolation plate.
The slotting of the core at the reserved point comprises forming an accommodating space of the energy collector and slotting the bus slot and each energy collector branch slot.
Furthermore, the energy collector comprises a piezoelectric vibrator, a rectifying circuit, a filter circuit and a super capacitor;
the piezoelectric vibrator generates voltage under the action of load, the voltage is rectified by the rectifying circuit, the filtering circuit performs filtering, electric energy is stored in the super capacitor and is output to the self-powered sensing network through the super capacitor, the self-powered sensing network supplies the collected electric energy to a sensor for monitoring the deformation of the roadbed and transmits the monitored data to the intelligent big data system of the monitoring center, and the intelligent big data system performs data analysis and judges the health state of the roadbed.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) according to the invention, the distribution characteristics of dynamic stress and vibration frequency in the railway subgrade under different axle weights, different speeds and different subgrade types are summarized through research and analysis on a vehicle-track-subgrade coupling dynamic model and the dynamic response conditions in the subgrade by comparison and calculation, and the dynamic stress and the subgrade vibration frequency in the subgrade are used as the design and arrangement basis of a piezoelectric energy collector in the subgrade, so that more sensors can be powered, and the power supply of a wireless passive sensor network in a wider range is realized.
(2) The invention provides a method for implementing and arranging a passive sensor network of a railway subgrade based on piezoelectric power generation, which is characterized in that piezoelectric energy collectors with different numbers and structures are arranged at different depths of the subgrade based on the principle that the maximum energy conversion is the most basic principle, the generated energy of each layer of the subgrade is normalized, an attenuation process of the generated energy at different depths is respectively calculated, multi-factor influence factor analysis is respectively carried out on the dynamic stress amplitude and the subgrade vibration frequency, a multi-factor influence weight table influencing the generated energy of the subgrade is calculated, and the arrangement of piezoelectric energy collectors under different axle weights and train speeds is guided.
(3) The invention designs the piezoelectric energy collectors which are suitable for different depths of the railway subgrade and have different amplification factors based on the attenuation characteristic of the vibration of the railway subgrade, dynamically optimizes a single energy collecting device, takes the maximum output power as an objective function of the optimized energy collector, and takes the material structure strength and the subgrade dynamic stress transfer coefficient of the piezoelectric energy collecting device as optimization conditions to carry out the dynamic optimization process of parameters, thereby designing the piezoelectric energy collector suitable for the railway subgrade.
(4) The output voltage of each piezoelectric energy collector is rectified by a full-wave bridge rectifier circuit connected with each piezoelectric energy collector at different depths of a roadbed respectively, and because the load of a railway train is a random load in the roadbed, the output voltage is also alternating current with the same frequency as the load after the load acts on the piezoelectric energy collectors, the alternating current voltage output after passing through a full-wave rectifier bridge is converted into direct current voltage, and then the electric energy is stored by a super capacitor and finally transmitted to each node of an automatic power supply sensing network.
(5) The invention provides a specific arrangement method of piezoelectric energy collectors in a railway roadbed, and forms a set of complete railway roadbed self-powered sensing network and a method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a railway roadbed passive self-powered sensing network based on piezoelectric power generation;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the energy relationship of a railway roadbed based on piezoelectric power generation;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the lateral distribution of dynamic stress on the surface of the bed along the line;
FIG. 4 is a power output curve of the piezoelectric energy harvester at different frequencies;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a piezoelectric tank circuit;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of an implementation of a piezoelectric power generation railroad bed self-powered sensor network;
fig. 7 is a flow chart for determining the distribution rule of the energy harvester.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following detailed description. It should be understood that the description is intended to be exemplary only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
The railway roadbed self-powered sensing network arrangement method based on piezoelectric power generation comprises the following steps:
(1) and determining the depth of each roadbed, the axle weight range of the train and the vehicle speed range where the energy collector is located.
And determining the roadbed depths h1 and h2 … hi … hn for setting the energy collectors. Determining the axle weight range of the train, and selecting a train axle key Wj every set step length in the axle weight range of the train. And determining the train speed range, and selecting a train speed point Vk every set step length.
Furthermore, the axle weight of the train ranges from 10 tons to 30 tons, and the train speed ranges from 60 km/h to 350 km/h.
(2) And obtaining power response at different roadbed depths according to different train axle weights and speeds.
And determining the power response of the train at different speeds of the train according to the emphasis Wj of each train axle at each roadbed depth hi. The dynamic response comprises basic dynamic stress amplitude and frequency, a dynamic stress amplitude curve can be directly obtained, and the self-vibration frequency corresponding to the dynamic stress amplitude can be obtained through Fourier transform of the curve.
Finite element calculation or field experiments are carried out on the dynamic response of the roadbed at different depths of high-speed railways, common heavy haul railways and road and bridge transition railways under the action of loads of trains with different axle weights and speeds. The self-vibration frequency of the roadbed is different under different axle weights and different train speeds.
The dynamic stress amplitude variation curve can be tested at different depths according to different train axle weights and speeds by adopting a field experiment method and used as dynamic response.
(3) For each roadbed depth, obtaining strain energy under different axle weights and different vehicle speeds based on the dynamic response; obtaining dynamic stress amplitude and roadbed natural vibration frequency from the dynamic response, and inputting the dynamic stress amplitude and the roadbed natural vibration frequency as external loads of the energy collector to obtain electric energy converted by the energy collector; and comparing the strain energy and the electric energy under the corresponding axle weight and the corresponding vehicle speed, re-optimizing the structure of the energy collector with the roadbed depth when a difference value exceeds a threshold value, and determining the structure of the energy collector with the roadbed depth when the difference value does not exist.
And counting dynamic stress amplitudes of the roadbed at different depths, applying the dynamic stress amplitudes as external dynamic loads of the piezoelectric energy collector to the top of the energy collector, respectively sweeping frequency according to the common vibration frequency of the roadbed, namely 1Hz-40Hz, calculating a time-course curve of voltage change along with time, and integrating the time-course curve to obtain the generated energy. On the surface layer of the heavy haul railway bed with the axle weight of 40t, the vibration frequency of the bed is selected to be 1Hz and 5Hz, and the output voltage of the energy harvester is shown in figure 4.
The generated energy of the energy collector can be calculated through the dynamic amplitude of the roadbed at different depths and the vibration frequency of the railway roadbed. Under the same roadbed condition, the power amplitudes of trains with different axle weights at the same depth are different, so that the relation between the trains with different axle weights and the power amplitudes can be established, and then the relation between the different axle weights and the power generation energy can be established through the relation between the power amplitudes and the output electric quantity of the piezoelectric energy collector.
The relationship between the running speed of the train and the vibration frequency of the roadbed exists, the faster the train speed is, the larger the vibration frequency of the railway roadbed is, and then the relationship between the train speed and the generated energy can be established through the existing piezoelectric energy calculation formula, as shown in a schematic diagram of the relationship between the energy of the railway roadbed based on piezoelectric power generation in fig. 2.
As shown in fig. 1, strain energy at different buried depths in the roadbed can be calculated according to the dynamic response in the roadbed, then converted electric energy can be calculated by inputting the dynamic stress amplitude at the corresponding depth and the roadbed natural vibration frequency as the external load of the piezoelectric energy collector, and then the converted energy can be calculated by the storage circuit, the difference between the strain energy in the roadbed and the converted electric energy is a basis for representing the power generation performance of the piezoelectric energy collector, if the difference is greater than a predetermined value, it is indicated that the design of the piezoelectric energy collector needs to be further optimized, and the direction in which the optimization can be specifically performed is as follows: and (3) optimizing the design of the material of the energy collector, the number of stacked piezoelectric sheets and/or the height-diameter ratio of the piezoelectric sheets. In the piezoelectric parallel stack structure, the number of layers is increased, the open-circuit voltage of the piezoelectric structure is reduced, the electric charge amount is reduced, the total energy is improved to some extent, but the amplification is not large, the cost is improved, and the stability is reduced. The larger the ratio of the height to the cross-sectional area of the piezoelectric structure, the higher the electrical energy generated. I.e., the more slender the piezoelectric structure, the more electrical energy is generated under the same load. Possible optimizations therefore include the selection of materials with higher piezoelectric constants, the increase in the aspect ratio of the piezoelectric sheets, and the increase in the number of stacked piezoelectric sheets. Further, the three schemes can be simulated, and the optimal scheme with the highest performance improvement is selected.
And inputting the external load at the depth of the corresponding railway roadbed through the optimized device, calculating and comparing the generated energy of the optimized energy collector with the strain energy at the depth of the corresponding railway roadbed, and indicating that the optimized piezoelectric energy collector is suitable for the railway roadbed at the corresponding depth after the difference value between the two is smaller than a preset value. After the external structure of the energy acquisition device and the materials, the number, the height-diameter ratio and the like of the piezoelectric sheets are determined, the energy acquisition device can be arranged at the corresponding railway roadbed depth in batches.
(4) And determining the distribution rule of the energy collectors, and arranging the energy collectors to form the railway roadbed self-powered sensing network.
The arrangement principle of the piezoelectric energy collectors at the same depth is that important consideration should be given to points where the dynamic stress in the railway roadbed is larger or the natural frequency of the roadbed is higher, points (shoulders) where the dynamic stress in the railway roadbed and the vibration frequency of the railway roadbed are lower are arranged as few as possible, and the influence of excessive arrangement of the piezoelectric energy collectors on the railway roadbed is reduced. The distribution rule of the dynamic stress amplitude of each measuring point along the transverse direction of the line can be obtained by calculating the dynamic stress of the surface layer of the railway subgrade bed, and 5 measuring points in the graph 3 respectively represent the edge of the base, the center of the subgrade and the lower part of the steel rail. It can be seen from fig. 3 that under the same external load condition, the dynamic stress under the steel rail is the largest, the dynamic stress at the center of the roadbed is the second, and the dynamic stress at the edge of the foundation is the smallest, so that the piezoelectric energy collectors arranged at the corresponding roadbed under the steel rail are the largest, the piezoelectric energy collectors arranged at the center of the roadbed are the second, and the piezoelectric energy collectors are the smallest at the edge of the foundation. One embodiment is: in the direction of the railway route, the steel rails are arranged one by one at intervals of 0.5m, the roadbed center is arranged one at intervals of 1m, and the base edge is arranged one at intervals of 2 m.
For a piezoelectric power generation railway roadbed self-powered sensing network, energy collectors are arranged to form a concrete implementation method of the railway roadbed self-powered sensing network, as shown in fig. 6, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) and positioning the energy collector reserved point. After the bottom layer of the foundation bed is constructed and before the surface layer of the foundation bed is constructed, the points where the energy collectors are embedded are positioned and marked. And determining a certain number of arrangement points of the piezoelectric energy collectors, wherein the arrangement points follow the following principle, so that the selected points are horizontally aligned in the transverse and longitudinal directions, the arrangement points right below the steel rail are more than the arrangement points at the center of the roadbed, and the arrangement points at the center of the roadbed are more than the arrangement points at the edge of the base. After the construction of the surface layer of the foundation bed is finished and the requirement of the construction specification of the railway roadbed is met, the reserved point position of the energy collector is accurately positioned through the total station, and the coordinates of the reserved point position are recorded and marked.
(2) And (5) slotting the drill core of the reserved point. The diameter of a rotary drum of a conventional core drilling machine is not consistent with that of the piezoelectric energy harvester, and a core drilling drum with the consistent diameter needs to be processed. And after the grooving is finished, the wire grooves of the piezoelectric energy collectors are required to be cut, the bus grooves and the branch grooves of the piezoelectric energy collectors of the railway roadbed are grooved according to a designed overall circuit layout, and the flatness of each wire groove is ensured in the grooving process.
(3) And cleaning the interior of the groove. After the grooving is finished, particles in the groove pit need to be removed, the bottom of the piezoelectric energy collector is guaranteed to be horizontal, and the piezoelectric energy collector is prevented from being concentrated in stress or slipping to influence the power generation efficiency. And a layer of isolation plate with the thickness of 2mm and the section side length 2cm larger than that of the piezoelectric energy collector is paved in advance for each energy collector arrangement point, so that the upper layer and the lower layer of the points to be arranged are conveniently separated in the later stage.
(4) And a high-strength bonding layer is paved inside the groove. In order to make the piezoelectric energy collector and the surface of the bottom layer of the foundation bed be better bonded, a high-strength bonding layer with the thickness of 0.5mm is laid on the bottom isolation plate of the groove pit, and the flatness of the bonding layer is ensured in the laying process.
(5) The energy collectors are respectively arranged on the bonding layers in the groove for sealing. The railway roadbed piezoelectric energy collectors are respectively arranged on the bonding layers in the pits, after the levels of the railway roadbed piezoelectric energy collectors are measured and guaranteed, the peripheries of the railway roadbed piezoelectric energy collectors are filled with standard fillers, and the peripheries of the railway roadbed piezoelectric energy collectors are guaranteed to be compact. And (3) aligning the preformed holes of the wire grooves of the piezoelectric energy collectors of the railway subgrade with the branch wire grooves, and collecting the wires of the piezoelectric energy collectors of the railway subgrade to the bus grooves.
(6) And (5) performing crack pouring on each slot. The surface layer and the bottom layer of the railway subgrade bed have high requirements on compactness, and the crack filling of each line slot seam is required to prevent the crack from causing the uneven settlement of the railway subgrade bed. And a bonding layer material with good fluidity and higher strength after solidification is adopted during crack pouring treatment, so that the long-term normal work of the cable of the branch line is guaranteed.
(7) And switching in the self-powered sensing network for power supply. And (3) connecting the bus of the railway roadbed piezoelectric energy collector to the bus of the self-sensing network to supply power to the bus.
The energy harvester comprises a piezoelectric vibrator, a rectifying circuit, a filter circuit and a super capacitor, as shown in fig. 5. The method comprises the steps of rectifying and filtering random alternating-current voltages generated at different depths of a railway roadbed, storing the random alternating-current voltages in a super capacitor, connecting the super capacitor with a self-powered sensing network, and outputting electric energy to the self-powered sensing network.
The piezoelectric vibrator generates voltage under the action of load, the voltage is rectified by the rectifying circuit, the filtering circuit performs filtering, electric energy is stored in the super capacitor and is output to the self-powered sensing network through the super capacitor, the self-powered sensing network supplies the collected electric energy to each sensor for monitoring roadbed deformation and transmits the monitored data to the intelligent big data system of the monitoring center, and the intelligent big data system performs data analysis and judges the health state of the roadbed. The sensors for monitoring the deformation of the roadbed comprise a displacement sensor, an acceleration sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor and the like. An energy collector is arranged at a position close to each sensor to supply power to the corresponding sensor, so that energy loss is reduced.
And the intelligent big data system calculates the deformation value of the roadbed based on the roadbed dynamic stress amplitude according to the corresponding relation between the roadbed dynamic stress and the deformation. And obtaining the distribution of the deformation values by the dynamic stress fed back by each energy collector, and outputting an early warning signal when the deformation values exceed a threshold value. And further, fitting the distribution of the deformation values to obtain a deformation curved surface, and outputting an early warning signal if the curvature change of the curved surface exceeds a set threshold value.
Further, determining the distribution rule of the energy harvester, with reference to fig. 7, includes:
designing a distribution rule of the energy collectors to form a self-powered sensor network; according to the corresponding relation between the vehicle speed and the strain energy and the corresponding relation between the train axle weight and the strain energy which are constructed in the step (3), the energy which can be acquired by the energy collectors at all depths every day is obtained according to the corresponding relation between the train axle weight passing through the roadbed and the expected vehicle speed every day, the energy which can be acquired by all the energy collectors every day is summed to obtain the energy which is expected to be acquired by the self-powered sensing network every day, the energy needs to be ensured to be more than 50% of the electric quantity needed by the self-powered sensing network, otherwise, the self-powered sensing network needs to be optimized, and the quantity of the energy collectors is increased.
Further, if a high-power electric device exists, the solar energy or photovoltaic power generation device can be combined to supply power. For example, if the calculated expected daily energy obtained by the self-powered sensor network is less than 25% of the required electricity, solar or photovoltaic power generation equipment is added.
In conclusion, the railway roadbed self-powered sensor network arrangement method based on piezoelectric power generation obtains power responses at different roadbed depths aiming at different train axle weights and speeds; for each roadbed depth, acquiring strain energy under different axle weights and different vehicle speeds based on dynamic response; obtaining dynamic stress amplitude and roadbed natural vibration frequency from dynamic response as external load input of the energy collector to obtain electric energy converted by the energy collector; and comparing the strain energy and the electric energy under the corresponding axle weight and the corresponding vehicle speed, and re-optimizing the structure of the energy collector of the roadbed depth when the difference value exceeds the threshold value. The invention summarizes the distribution characteristics of dynamic stress and vibration frequency in the railway subgrade under different axle weights, different speeds and different subgrade types, and designs the piezoelectric energy collector suitable for the railway subgrade according to the design and the arrangement basis of the piezoelectric energy collector in the subgrade according to the dynamic stress and the subgrade vibration frequency in the subgrade.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or explaining the principles of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Further, it is intended that the appended claims cover all such variations and modifications as fall within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims or the equivalents of such scope and boundaries.
Claims (10)
1. A railway roadbed self-powered sensing network arrangement method based on piezoelectric power generation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining the depth of each roadbed, the axle weight range of the train and the vehicle speed range where the energy collector is located;
obtaining power responses at different roadbed depths according to different train axle weights and speeds;
for each roadbed depth, obtaining strain energy under different axle weights and different vehicle speeds based on the dynamic response; obtaining dynamic stress amplitude and roadbed natural vibration frequency from the dynamic response, and inputting the dynamic stress amplitude and the roadbed natural vibration frequency as external loads of the energy collector to obtain electric energy converted by the energy collector; comparing the strain energy and the electric energy under the corresponding axle weight and the corresponding vehicle speed, re-optimizing the structure of the energy collector of the roadbed depth when a difference value exceeds a threshold value, and determining the structure of the energy collector of the roadbed depth when the difference value does not exceed the threshold value;
and determining the distribution rule of the energy collectors, and arranging the energy collectors to form the railway roadbed self-powered sensing network.
2. The piezoelectric power generation based railway roadbed self-powered sensor network arrangement method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining power response at different roadbed depths aiming at different train axle weights and vehicle speeds comprises the following steps:
carrying out field experiments aiming at different train axle weights and speeds, and testing the change of the dynamic stress amplitude and the natural vibration frequency at different depths to serve as dynamic response;
or finite element modeling is carried out, and the change of the dynamic stress amplitude value and the natural vibration frequency at different depths are calculated according to different train axle weights and train speeds to serve as dynamic response.
3. The railway roadbed self-powered sensor network arrangement method based on piezoelectric power generation as claimed in claim 2, wherein the obtaining of the strain energy under different axle weights and different vehicle speeds based on the dynamic response comprises: and obtaining the strain energy under different axle weights and different vehicle speeds by adopting a simulation mode, or obtaining the strain energy under different axle weights and different vehicle speeds by adopting an experiment mode.
4. The arrangement method of the piezoelectric power generation based railway roadbed self-powered sensor network, wherein the step of obtaining the electric energy converted by the energy collector comprises the following steps: after the voltage output by the energy collector is rectified and filtered, the super capacitor stores energy, and the voltage of the super capacitor is collected to calculate to obtain electric energy.
5. The arrangement method of the railway roadbed self-powered sensor network based on piezoelectric power generation as claimed in claim 4, wherein the structure of the energy collector for optimizing the roadbed depth comprises the following steps: selecting a material with a higher piezoelectric constant, increasing the number of stacked piezoelectric sheets, and/or increasing the aspect ratio of the piezoelectric sheets.
6. The arrangement method of the piezoelectric power generation based railway roadbed self-powered sensor network is characterized in that the distribution rule of each deep energy collector is as follows: the density of the energy collectors below the track > the density of the energy collectors below the track center line > the density of the energy collectors at the shoulder portion. Furthermore, energy collectors are arranged below the track at intervals of 0.5-1 m along the track, energy collectors are arranged below the track central line at intervals of 1-2 m along the track central line, and energy collectors are arranged at intervals of 2-3 m along the track direction on the road shoulder portion.
7. The arrangement method of the piezoelectric power generation based railway roadbed self-powered sensor network, according to the claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the step of determining the distribution rule of the energy collectors comprises the following steps:
according to the obtained energy collectors at different depths, strain energy is obtained under different axle weights and different vehicle speeds; calculating theoretical electric energy which can be obtained by the energy collectors at all depths every day according to the axle weight of the train passing through the railway subgrade every day and the expected speed, summing the theoretical electric energy to obtain the energy expected to be obtained by the self-powered sensor network every day, judging whether the energy is more than 50% of the electric quantity required by the self-powered sensor network, and increasing the number of the energy collectors if the energy is not more than 50%. Further, if the energy is less than 25% of the amount of electricity required by the self-powered sensor network, solar or photovoltaic power generation equipment is added.
8. The arrangement method of the railway roadbed self-powered sensor network based on the piezoelectric power generation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the energy collectors are arranged to form the railway roadbed self-powered sensor network, and the method comprises the following steps:
positioning the energy collector reserved point;
drilling a core and slotting at a reserved point;
cleaning the interior of the groove;
laying a bonding layer inside the groove;
the energy collectors are respectively arranged on the bonding layers in the grooves for sealing;
performing crack pouring on each slot;
and connecting the bus of each energy collector into the bus of the self-powered sensing network to supply power to the self-powered sensing network.
9. The arrangement method of the piezoelectric power generation based railway roadbed self-powered sensor network is characterized in that after the interior of the groove is cleaned, a layer of isolation plate is paved in advance for each arrangement point of the energy collectors, the length of the side of the cross section of the isolation plate is larger than that of the energy collectors, and an adhesive layer is paved on the isolation plate.
The slotting of the core at the reserved point comprises forming an accommodating space of the energy collector and slotting the bus slot and each energy collector branch slot.
10. The railway roadbed self-powered sensing network arrangement method based on piezoelectric power generation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the energy collector comprises a piezoelectric vibrator, a rectification circuit, a filter circuit and a super capacitor;
the piezoelectric vibrator generates voltage under the action of load, the voltage is rectified by the rectifying circuit, the filtering circuit performs filtering, electric energy is stored in the super capacitor and is output to the self-powered sensing network through the super capacitor, the self-powered sensing network supplies the collected electric energy to a sensor for monitoring the deformation of the roadbed and transmits the monitored data to the intelligent big data system of the monitoring center, and the intelligent big data system performs data analysis and judges the health state of the roadbed.
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