CN113707910A - Novel fuel cell system and control method thereof - Google Patents

Novel fuel cell system and control method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113707910A
CN113707910A CN202110978855.1A CN202110978855A CN113707910A CN 113707910 A CN113707910 A CN 113707910A CN 202110978855 A CN202110978855 A CN 202110978855A CN 113707910 A CN113707910 A CN 113707910A
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China
Prior art keywords
gas
fuel cell
air
oscillator
subsystem
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CN202110978855.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张泽坪
王诚
高帷韬
陈启忠
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Deqing Power Beijing Technology Co ltd
Tsinghua University
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Deqing Power Beijing Technology Co ltd
Tsinghua University
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Priority to CN202110978855.1A priority Critical patent/CN113707910A/en
Publication of CN113707910A publication Critical patent/CN113707910A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04097Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04104Regulation of differential pressures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04156Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04537Electric variables
    • H01M8/04634Other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance
    • H01M8/04649Other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance of fuel cell stacks
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a novel fuel cell system and a control method thereof. The system comprises a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen subsystem, an air subsystem, a cooling subsystem, a load control subsystem, a gas oscillator and a gas oscillator controller, wherein the gas oscillator is arranged at the air inlet part of the hydrogen subsystem and/or the air subsystem to generate oscillation ventilation with different frequencies and amplitudes; the gas oscillator controller is arranged in the power output loop and comprises a stack impedance detection module and a gas oscillator control module, the stack impedance detection module monitors the running impedance of the fuel cell stack on line, the gas oscillator control module is used for controlling the frequency and the amplitude of the gas pressure or the flow of the gas oscillator, the stack impedance detection module, the gas oscillator control module and the gas oscillator form an on-line feedback control loop, the fuel cell stack runs at the minimum impedance, and the gas oscillator runs at the optimum frequency and the optimum amplitude.

Description

Novel fuel cell system and control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a novel fuel cell system and a control method thereof.
Background
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) are clean and environmentally-friendly electrochemical power generation devices, and are generally suitable for portable power sources and transportation vehicles due to their advantages of small size, light weight, mild operating conditions, high energy conversion rate, simple structure, rapid response, and the like. Thus, PEMFCs are considered the first clean, efficient power generation device in the 21 st century. In recent years, fuel cell electric vehicles using a fuel cell stack module as a main power source have been actively developed in various countries around the world.
PEMFC fuel cells are mainly composed of a polymer membrane and two electrodes (anode and cathode) located on both sides of the membrane, each electrode comprising a bipolar plate, a Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL), a micro diffusion layer (MPL) and a Catalytic Layer (CL), respectively. Among them, the Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL), the micro diffusion layer (MPL), and the Catalytic Layer (CL) have complicated microporosities. For a given structure, the microstructure greatly influences the transmission of substances in micropores under the condition of high current density, and simultaneously, the generated liquid water is easy to block the micropores, so that the substance transmission is deteriorated, and the external output power of the galvanic pile is reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a novel fuel cell system and a control method of the fuel cell system, which can improve the microscopic material transfer of the fuel cell system and reduce the material transfer resistance and the occurrence of flooding for a given structure.
In summary, it is a problem to be solved urgently how to improve the material transmission of gas in the microstructure of the membrane electrode, timely open the blockage of pores in the microstructure caused by water production, and reduce the increase of material transmission resistance caused by flooding, thereby improving the working environment of the fuel cell and increasing the external output power.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome a series of defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a novel fuel cell system, which comprises a fuel cell stack 0, a hydrogen subsystem, an air subsystem, a cooling subsystem, a load control subsystem, a gas oscillator 4 and a gas oscillator controller 8, wherein,
the gas oscillator 4 is arranged at the air inlet part of the hydrogen subsystem and/or the air subsystem to generate oscillating ventilation with different frequencies and amplitudes;
the gas oscillator controller 8 is arranged in the power output loop, the gas oscillator controller 8 comprises a stack impedance detection module and a gas oscillator control module, the stack impedance detection module monitors the operation impedance of the fuel cell stack 0 on line, the gas oscillator control module is used for controlling the frequency and amplitude of the gas pressure or flow of the gas oscillator 4, the stack impedance detection module, the gas oscillator control module and the gas oscillator 4 form an on-line feedback control loop, so that the fuel cell stack 0 operates at the minimum impedance, and the gas oscillator 4 operates at the optimum frequency and amplitude.
Preferably, the hydrogen subsystem includes air intake route I and hydrogen recirculation/tail-discharge return circuit, air intake route I includes hydrogen sprayer 3 and relief pressure valve 2, hydrogen recirculation/tail-discharge return circuit includes water knockout drum 6, hydrogen circulating pump 5 and hydrogen tail-discharge valve 7, air intake route I is provided with the hydrogen that contains gas oscillator 4 and vibrates the branch road and makes hydrogen carry out the hydrogen main flow path that lasts the air feed with constant flow and pressure.
Preferably, the hydrogen oscillation branch circuit and the hydrogen flow main circuit are in parallel connection, so that the ventilation under constant flow and pressure is superposed with oscillation ventilation with certain frequency and amplitude, and the hydrogen subsystem forms continuous forward ventilation with controllable frequency and amplitude.
Preferably, the air subsystem system comprises an air inlet passage II and an air outlet circuit, wherein the air inlet passage II comprises an air filter 17, an air compressor 16 and an air bypass valve 11, the air outlet circuit comprises an air back pressure valve 12, a humidifier 13 and a silencer 14, and an air oscillation branch containing a gas oscillator 4 and an air flow main passage enabling air to be continuously supplied at a constant flow and pressure are arranged in the air inlet passage II.
Preferably, the gas oscillation branch is connected in parallel with the main air flow path, so that the constant flow and pressure ventilation is superimposed with the oscillation ventilation with a certain frequency and amplitude, and the air subsystem forms continuous forward ventilation with controllable frequency and amplitude.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel method for controlling a fuel cell system, comprising the steps of:
step 1, controlling the frequency of gas pressure or flow of a gas oscillator 4 through a gas oscillation controller, detecting voltage and current information output by a fuel cell stack 0, and filtering and dq converting signals to obtain an impedance amplitude value and a phase angle under corresponding frequency so as to obtain an impedance real part and an imaginary part of the fuel cell stack 0;
and 2, continuously changing the frequency of the gas pressure or flow of the gas oscillator 4 according to the step 1, obtaining impedance under the corresponding frequency, and enabling the gas oscillation frequency to change towards the oscillation frequency under the minimum impedance through a feedback control algorithm, so that the fuel cell stack 0 operates at the minimum impedance, and the gas oscillator 4 operates at the optimal frequency and amplitude.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention can improve the material transmission of gas in the microstructure of the membrane electrode, and can timely open the blockage of pores in the microstructure caused by water production, reduce the increase of material transmission impedance caused by water flooding, further improve the working environment of the fuel cell and improve the external output power.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a novel fuel cell system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram of the oscillating branch gas and the gas under the main path constant flow \ pressure, and a waveform diagram of the oscillating branch gas and the gas under the main path constant flow \ pressure after being superimposed;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the impedance detection of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating a process of obtaining an optimal gas oscillation frequency.
The reference numbers in the figures are:
0-fuel cell stack, 2-pressure reducing valve, 3-hydrogen injector, 4-gas oscillator, 5-hydrogen circulating pump, 6-water separator, 7-hydrogen tail discharge valve, 8-gas oscillator controller, 11-air bypass valve, 12-air back pressure valve, 13-humidifier, 14-muffler, 16-air compressor, 17-air filter.
Detailed Description
In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention.
All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiments and the directional terms described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be used in the explanation of the invention, and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-4, a novel fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack 0, a hydrogen subsystem, an air subsystem, a cooling subsystem, a load control subsystem, a gas oscillator 4, and a gas oscillator controller 8, wherein,
the gas oscillator 4 is arranged at the air inlet part of the hydrogen subsystem and/or the air subsystem to generate oscillating ventilation with different frequencies and amplitudes;
the gas oscillator controller 8 is arranged in the power output loop, the gas oscillator controller 8 comprises a stack impedance detection module and a gas oscillator control module, the stack impedance detection module monitors the operation impedance of the fuel cell stack 0 on line, the gas oscillator control module is used for controlling the frequency and amplitude of the gas pressure or flow of the gas oscillator 4, the stack impedance detection module, the gas oscillator control module and the gas oscillator 4 form an on-line feedback control loop, so that the fuel cell stack 0 operates at the minimum impedance, and the gas oscillator 4 operates at the optimum frequency and amplitude.
Preferably, the hydrogen subsystem includes air intake route I and hydrogen recirculation/tail-discharge return circuit, air intake route I includes hydrogen sprayer 3 and relief pressure valve 2, hydrogen recirculation/tail-discharge return circuit includes water knockout drum 6, hydrogen circulating pump 5 and hydrogen tail-discharge valve 7, air intake route I is provided with the hydrogen that contains gas oscillator 4 and vibrates the branch road and makes hydrogen carry out the hydrogen main flow path that lasts the air feed with constant flow and pressure.
Preferably, the hydrogen oscillation branch circuit and the hydrogen flow main circuit are in parallel connection, so that the ventilation under constant flow and pressure is superposed with oscillation ventilation with certain frequency and amplitude, and the hydrogen subsystem forms continuous forward ventilation with controllable frequency and amplitude.
Preferably, the air subsystem system comprises an air inlet passage II and an air outlet circuit, wherein the air inlet passage II comprises an air filter 17, an air compressor 16 and an air bypass valve 11, the air outlet circuit comprises an air back pressure valve 12, a humidifier 13 and a silencer 14, and an air oscillation branch containing a gas oscillator 4 and an air flow main passage enabling air to be continuously supplied at a constant flow and pressure are arranged in the air inlet passage II.
Preferably, the gas oscillation branch is connected in parallel with the main air flow path, so that the constant flow and pressure ventilation is superimposed with the oscillation ventilation with a certain frequency and amplitude, and the air subsystem forms continuous forward ventilation with controllable frequency and amplitude.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel method for controlling a fuel cell system, comprising the steps of:
step 1, controlling the frequency of gas pressure or flow of a gas oscillator 4 through a gas oscillation controller, detecting voltage and current information output by a fuel cell stack 0, and filtering and dq converting signals to obtain an impedance amplitude value and a phase angle under corresponding frequency so as to obtain an impedance real part and an imaginary part of the fuel cell stack 0;
and 2, continuously changing the frequency of the gas pressure or flow of the gas oscillator 4 according to the step 1, obtaining impedance under the corresponding frequency, and enabling the gas oscillation frequency to change towards the oscillation frequency under the minimum impedance through a feedback control algorithm, so that the fuel cell stack 0 operates at the minimum impedance, and the gas oscillator 4 operates at the optimal frequency and amplitude.
Finally, it should be pointed out that: the above examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A novel fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack (0), a hydrogen subsystem, an air subsystem, a cooling subsystem, a load control subsystem, a gas oscillator (4) and a gas oscillator controller (8), wherein,
the gas oscillator (4) is arranged at the air inlet part of the hydrogen subsystem and/or the air subsystem to generate oscillating ventilation with different frequencies and amplitudes;
gas oscillator controller (8) set up in the power output return circuit, gas oscillator controller (8) are including galvanic pile impedance detection module and gas oscillator control module, galvanic pile impedance detection module on-line monitoring fuel cell galvanic pile (0) operating impedance, gas oscillator control module is used for controlling the frequency and the amplitude of the gas pressure or the flow of gas oscillator (4), galvanic pile impedance detection module, gas oscillator control module, gas oscillator (4) form an online feedback control loop to realize that fuel cell galvanic pile (0) operates with minimum impedance, gas oscillator (4) carries out the running state of work with optimum frequency and amplitude.
2. The novel fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen subsystem comprises an air inlet path I and a hydrogen gas recirculation/tail discharge loop, the air inlet path I comprises a hydrogen gas injector (3) and a pressure reducing valve (2), the hydrogen gas recirculation/tail discharge loop comprises a water separator (6), a hydrogen gas circulation pump (5) and a hydrogen gas tail discharge valve (7), and the air inlet path I is provided with a hydrogen gas oscillation branch containing a gas oscillator (4) and a hydrogen gas flow main path for continuously supplying hydrogen gas at a constant flow rate and pressure.
3. The novel fuel cell system of claim 2 wherein the hydrogen oscillation branch is in parallel relationship with the main hydrogen flow branch, whereby constant flow and pressure ventilation is superimposed with oscillating ventilation of a certain frequency and amplitude, resulting in a continuous positive ventilation of a controllable frequency and amplitude for the hydrogen subsystem.
4. The novel fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the air subsystem system comprises an air inlet passage II and an air outlet circuit, the air inlet passage II comprises an air filter (17), an air compressor (16) and an air bypass valve (11), the air outlet circuit comprises an air backpressure valve (12), a humidifier (13) and a silencer (14), and an air oscillating branch containing a gas oscillator (4) and an air flow main path enabling air to be continuously supplied at a constant flow and pressure are arranged in the air inlet passage II.
5. The novel fuel cell system of claim 4 wherein the gas oscillation branch is in parallel relationship with the main air flow branch, whereby constant flow and pressure ventilation is superimposed with oscillating ventilation of a controlled frequency and amplitude, resulting in a continuous positive ventilation of controlled frequency and amplitude to the air subsystem.
6. The novel control method of a fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the steps of:
step (1), controlling the frequency of gas pressure or flow of a gas oscillator (4) through a gas oscillation controller, detecting voltage and current information output by a fuel cell stack (0), filtering and dq converting signals to obtain an impedance amplitude and a phase angle under corresponding frequency so as to obtain an impedance real part and an imaginary part of the fuel cell stack (0);
and (2) continuously changing the frequency of the gas pressure or flow of the gas oscillator (4) according to the step (1) and obtaining impedance under corresponding frequency, and changing the gas oscillation frequency towards the oscillation frequency under the minimum impedance through a feedback control algorithm, so that the fuel cell stack (0) runs at the minimum impedance, and the gas oscillator (4) runs at the optimum frequency and amplitude.
CN202110978855.1A 2021-08-25 2021-08-25 Novel fuel cell system and control method thereof Pending CN113707910A (en)

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20090105563A (en) * 2008-04-03 2009-10-07 현대로템 주식회사 Hybrid type hydrogen supply system with hydrogen recirculation system
CN102401883A (en) * 2010-09-15 2012-04-04 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 Method and signal processing algorithm to detect abnormal operation of individual fuel cell in plurality of series connected fuel cells
CN209029485U (en) * 2018-12-11 2019-06-25 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 A kind of commercial vehicle fuel battery engines air supply system
CN109950583A (en) * 2019-03-01 2019-06-28 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 A kind of control method of fuel cell system and fuel cell system hydrogen spraying valve
CN112820912A (en) * 2021-03-16 2021-05-18 中山大洋电机股份有限公司 Fuel cell system and control method thereof
CN213457279U (en) * 2020-10-29 2021-06-15 英飞腾(上海)氢能源发展有限公司 Testing system of fuel cell system
CN213816210U (en) * 2020-10-23 2021-07-27 金华氢途科技有限公司 Fuel cell system

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20090105563A (en) * 2008-04-03 2009-10-07 현대로템 주식회사 Hybrid type hydrogen supply system with hydrogen recirculation system
CN102401883A (en) * 2010-09-15 2012-04-04 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 Method and signal processing algorithm to detect abnormal operation of individual fuel cell in plurality of series connected fuel cells
CN209029485U (en) * 2018-12-11 2019-06-25 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 A kind of commercial vehicle fuel battery engines air supply system
CN109950583A (en) * 2019-03-01 2019-06-28 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 A kind of control method of fuel cell system and fuel cell system hydrogen spraying valve
CN213816210U (en) * 2020-10-23 2021-07-27 金华氢途科技有限公司 Fuel cell system
CN213457279U (en) * 2020-10-29 2021-06-15 英飞腾(上海)氢能源发展有限公司 Testing system of fuel cell system
CN112820912A (en) * 2021-03-16 2021-05-18 中山大洋电机股份有限公司 Fuel cell system and control method thereof

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