CN113705053B - Friction stir welding connection simulation method based on collision resistance of whole vehicle - Google Patents
Friction stir welding connection simulation method based on collision resistance of whole vehicle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of simulation analysis, and particularly discloses a friction stir welding connection simulation method based on the collision resistance of a whole vehicle, which comprises the steps of establishing a finite element model formed by a friction stir welding structure process and extracting a temperature field distribution model in the forming process; dividing a plurality of welding areas based on the temperature field distribution model, respectively determining the boundary of each welding area and establishing a fine simulation model; performing tensile test on the friction stir welding structure real object, respectively extracting material constitutive of each welding area, bringing the material constitutive into a fine simulation model, and correcting each material constitutive until the tensile test result is basically matched with the tensile simulation result; dividing a plurality of welding areas into two components, respectively establishing a combined tensile simulation model, simulating and outputting a stress-strain curve, and processing the stress-strain curve into a combined material constitutive structure; the composite material constitutive is respectively brought into a joint area formed by the two components to obtain a friction stir welding collision-resistant simulation model.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of simulation analysis, in particular to a friction stir welding connection simulation method based on the collision resistance of a whole vehicle.
Background
In the field of automobile manufacturing, a traditional fuel oil automobile body structure is mainly made of steel materials, light materials are less in application, and with the development of new energy automobiles, endurance mileage becomes a main influence factor of use experience of customers. Under the current technical conditions, the improvement of the lightweight level of the automobile is an effective and feasible way for increasing the endurance mileage of the new energy automobile, so that light materials are increasingly applied. The traditional connection process has the problems of unstable quality, poor applicability, short electrode service life, easy occurrence of air holes and cracks, large welding deformation and the like, and is difficult to adapt to new development requirements. Friction stir welding is playing an increasingly important role in the automotive manufacturing process due to the natural advantages in lightweight materials and dissimilar material joining, as well as good overall cost. Compared with the traditional connection mode, the friction stir welding technology has the characteristics of wide application range, high joint quality, low welding cost, environmental protection and the like. However, due to the existence of the heterogeneity of the structure and the mechanical properties of the friction stir welding connection, the failure behavior is closely related to the heterogeneity of the mechanical behavior.
In the prior art, a simplified method for friction stir welding connection simulation is to offset a row of shell units for analysis, the method is high in calculation efficiency, but areas which are not welded need to be independently confirmed in material structure, mechanical properties of different areas of welding connection cannot be accurately represented, so that simulation is greatly different from actual conditions, design risks cannot be identified at the early stage of design, the number of test sample vehicles is increased due to the reasons, and the development cycle and the cost of the collision resistance of the whole vehicle are increased; in addition, the size of the welding area cannot be accurately expressed by the existing simulation method, so that the failure mode of the welding area is greatly different from the actual mode. The other method adopts a refined entity unit for representation, but because the characteristic size is too small, the simulation calculation workload is huge, and the application in the whole vehicle-level collision resistance cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the friction stir welding connection simulation method based on the collision resistance of the whole vehicle is high in calculation efficiency and high in simulation analysis accuracy.
The invention provides a friction stir welding connection simulation method based on the collision resistance of a whole vehicle, which comprises the following steps:
s1: establishing a finite element model formed by a friction stir welding structure process; performing process forming simulation based on the finite element model, and extracting a temperature field distribution model in the forming process of the friction stir welding structure;
s2: dividing a plurality of welding areas based on the temperature field distribution model, wherein the plurality of welding areas are symmetrically distributed to two sides of a welding seam by taking a welding head as a center, and the temperatures of the plurality of welding areas are different; determining the boundary of each welding area respectively; carrying out entity grid division based on the temperature field distribution model, and establishing a fine simulation model;
s3: providing a friction stir welding structure object, performing tensile test on the friction stir welding structure object according to the boundaries of a plurality of welding areas, and respectively extracting the material structure of each welding area; respectively bringing the material textures of the welding areas into the fine simulation model;
s4: carrying out simulation stretching on the fine simulation model, and correcting the material constitutive of the welding areas in the fine simulation model according to the result of the stretching test and the result of the simulation stretching until the coincidence degree of the result of the stretching test and the result of the stretching simulation is not less than a set value;
s5: one part of the welding areas is adjacent in sequence and is a first component, the other part of the welding areas is adjacent in sequence and is a second component, a first combined stretching simulation model of the first component is established, and a second combined stretching simulation model of the second component is established; performing simulation stretching on the first combined stretching simulation model, outputting a first combined stress-strain curve, and processing the first combined stress-strain curve into a first combined effective plastic stress-strain curve to form a first combined material constitutive structure; performing simulation stretching on the second combined stretching simulation model, outputting a second combined stress-strain curve, and processing the second combined stress-strain curve into a second combined effective plastic stress-strain curve to form a second combined material constitutive structure;
s6: on the basis of the fine simulation model, according to the boundaries of a plurality of welding areas, the first components are combined into a first joint area, the second components are combined into a second joint area, the first component material texture is endowed to the first joint area, the second component material texture is endowed to the second joint area, and the friction stir welding collision-resistant simulation model is obtained.
As an optimal technical scheme of the friction stir welding connection simulation method based on the collision resistance of the whole vehicle, in S1, the expression of the material constitutive adopted by the friction stir welding structure process is as follows:
σ ε in order to be the equivalent yield stress,
in order to be equivalent to the plastic strain,
is a dimensionless equivalent strain rate of plastic strain,
for reference strain rate, T *m ＝(T-T r )/(T m -T r ) Dimensionless temperature, T actual test temperature; t is m Is the melting point of the material, T r For reference temperature, A is the material yield stress, B is the strain hardening factor, C is the strain rate sensitivity index, m is the temperature softening index, and n is the work hardening index.
As the preferred technical scheme of the friction stir welding connection simulation method based on the collision resistance of the whole vehicle, the finite element model in the S1 adopts any Lagrange-Euler self-adaptive grid.
As the preferable technical scheme of the friction stir welding connection simulation method based on the collision resistance of the whole vehicle, the Euler boundary is adopted by the finite element model in S1.
As an optimal technical scheme of the friction stir welding connection simulation method based on the whole vehicle collision resistance, the material can freely move in the tangential direction of the slip boundary and synchronously move with the grid point in the normal direction of the slip boundary.
As the preferable technical scheme of the friction stir welding connection simulation method based on the collision resistance of the whole vehicle, the feature size of the grid of the fine simulation model in S2 is 0.5mm on average.
As the preferable technical scheme of the friction stir welding connection simulation method based on the whole vehicle collision resistance, the set value is 85%.
As an optimal technical scheme of the friction stir welding connection simulation method based on the whole vehicle collision resistance, the average characteristic size of the grids of the friction stir welding collision resistance simulation model is 3 mm.
The optimized technical scheme of the friction stir welding connection simulation method based on the whole vehicle collision resistance is that the number of the welding areas is four, and the four welding areas are respectively a third welding area, a second welding area, a first welding area and a heat affected area.
As a preferable technical scheme of the friction stir welding connection simulation method based on the collision resistance of the whole vehicle, the first component comprises the heat affected zone and the first weld zone, and the second component comprises the second weld zone and the third weld zone.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a friction stir welding connection simulation method based on the collision resistance of a whole vehicle, which comprises the steps of establishing a finite element model of friction stir welding structure process molding; performing process forming simulation based on the finite element model, and extracting a temperature field distribution model in the forming process of the friction stir welding structure; dividing a plurality of welding areas based on the temperature field distribution model, and respectively determining the boundary of each welding area; carrying out entity grid division based on the temperature field distribution model, and establishing a fine simulation model; providing a friction stir welding structure object, performing tensile test on the friction stir welding structure object according to the boundaries of a plurality of welding areas, and extracting the material texture of each welding area respectively; respectively bringing the material textures of the welding areas into a fine simulation model; carrying out simulation stretching on the fine simulation model, and correcting the material constitutive of a plurality of welding areas in the fine simulation model according to the result of the stretching test and the result of the simulation stretching until the coincidence degree of the result of the stretching test and the result of the stretching simulation is not less than a set value; establishing a first combined stretching simulation model of the first component, and establishing a second combined stretching simulation model of the second component; carrying out simulation stretching on the first combined stretching simulation model, outputting a first combined stress-strain curve, and processing the first combined stress-strain curve into a first combined effective plastic stress-strain curve to form a first combined material constitutive structure; performing simulation stretching on the second combined stretching simulation model, outputting a second combined stress-strain curve, and processing the second combined stress-strain curve into a second combined effective plastic stress-strain curve to form a second combined material constitutive structure; on the basis of the fine simulation model, according to the boundaries of a plurality of welding areas, combining the first components into a first joint area, combining the second components into a second joint area, endowing the first component material structure to the first joint area, and endowing the second component material structure to the second joint area to obtain the friction stir welding collision-resistant simulation model. According to the friction stir welding connection simulation method based on the collision resistance of the whole vehicle, the process forming process of the friction stir welding structure is simulated, so that the temperature distribution of each welding area can be accurately identified, and a basis is provided for the area division of each welding area; correcting the material constitutive through simulation stretching and stretching tests, and ensuring the precision of the material constitutive brought into a fine model, thereby realizing the high-precision simulation of the mechanical property of the friction stir welding; through equivalent simplification, the characteristic size of the grid meets the requirement of collision resistance modeling of the whole vehicle, the calculation efficiency of a finite element model of the whole vehicle is improved while high-precision simulation is met, and the method has high applicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a friction stir welding connection simulation method based on vehicle crash resistance in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a finite element model formed by a friction stir welding structure process in a friction stir welding connection simulation method based on vehicle collision resistance;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a temperature field distribution model in a friction stir welding connection simulation method based on vehicle crash resistance;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along A-A of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of stress-strain curves of each welding area and a base material area in a friction stir welding connection simulation method based on vehicle collision resistance;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of material structures of each welding area and a base material area in a fine simulation model in a friction stir welding connection simulation method based on the collision resistance of a whole vehicle;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a first combined tensile simulation model and a second combined tensile simulation model in a friction stir welding connection simulation method based on vehicle crash resistance;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a friction stir welding collision resistance simulation model in a friction stir welding connection simulation method based on vehicle collision resistance.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Where the terms "first position" and "second position" are two different positions, and where a first feature is "over", "above" and "on" a second feature, it is intended that the first feature is directly over and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a friction stir welding connection simulation method based on vehicle crash resistance, which includes the following steps.
S1: establishing a finite element model formed by a friction stir welding structure process; and performing process forming simulation based on the finite element model, and extracting a temperature field distribution model in the forming process of the friction stir welding structure.
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a finite element model of a friction stir weld structural process. The friction stir welding uses friction heat and plastic deformation heat as welding heat sources, the head of a stirring head extends into a joint of a workpiece in the welding process, the stirring head is made to rub with two welded substrates through high-speed rotation of the stirring head, so that the temperature of the materials at the connecting part is raised and softened, and meanwhile, the materials are stirred and rubbed to finish welding. The welding head moves along the welding line between the two welding substrates while rotating, and then the two welding substrates can be welded together. The moving direction of the welding head along the welding seam is the welding direction. It is noted that during welding, the axis of rotation of the welding head may be at an angle α with respect to the vertical.
In the embodiment, the material constitutive mode adopted for the friction stir welding structure process forming is a Johnson-Cook model, and the behaviors of high-temperature softening, strain hardening, large plastic deformation and the like in the friction stir welding structure process forming process can be effectively represented. Specifically, the expression of the material constitutive adopted by the friction stir welding structure process is as follows:
σ ε in order to be the equivalent yield stress,
in order to be equivalent to the plastic strain,
is a dimensionless equivalent strain rate of plastic strain,
for reference to strain rate, in this embodiment
T *m ＝(T-T r )/(T m -T r ) Is dimensionless temperature, T is actual test temperature, T m Is the melting point of the material, T r For reference temperature, T in this example r Is room temperature, A is material yield stress, B is strain hardening factor, C is strain rate sensitivity index, m is temperature softening index, and n is work hardening index.
Optionally, the finite element model adopts any lagrangian-euler self-adaptive mesh, so that the problem of serious mesh distortion in the process modeling simulation performed by the finite element model can be solved.
Optionally, the finite element model adopts an euler boundary, and in the process of carrying out process forming simulation through the finite element model, the euler boundary is used for realizing the flowing of the material, and the material can be completely separated from the mesh by equivalently replacing the forward advancing of the stirring head. Preferably, the material is freely movable in a tangential direction of the slip boundary, in a normal direction of the slip boundary in synchronism with the grid points. Therefore, the grid distortion caused by the rotation of the stirring head can be solved.
The temperature field distribution model can extract a temperature distribution cloud picture at the moment with the highest temperature in the simulation process, and the temperature distribution cloud picture is exported and stored into the temperature field distribution model in a universal three-dimensional model format.
S2: dividing a plurality of welding areas based on the temperature field distribution model, wherein the plurality of welding areas are symmetrically distributed to two sides of the welding line by taking the welding head as a center, and the temperatures of the plurality of welding areas are different; determining the boundary of each welding area respectively; and carrying out entity grid division based on the temperature field distribution model, and establishing a fine simulation model.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the number of the plurality of welding zones is four, and the four welding zones are a third weld zone, a second weld zone, a first weld zone, and a heat-affected zone, respectively. The third welding seam area covers the central position of the welding head, and the second welding seam area, the first welding seam area and the heat affected zone are sequentially arranged towards the two sides of the welding seam by taking the third welding seam area as the center. The direction of the two sides of the weld is the mn direction in fig. 3 and 4.
The base material area is positioned outside the heat affected zone. The base material region is a region where the substrate is to be welded. In other embodiments, the number of pads may be set as desired.
Optionally, the feature size of the mesh of the fine simulation model averages 0.5 mm.
S3: providing a friction stir welding structure object, performing tensile test on the friction stir welding structure object according to the boundaries of a plurality of welding areas, and extracting the material texture of each welding area respectively; and respectively bringing the material textures of the welding areas into the fine simulation model.
When a friction stir welding structure object is subjected to a tensile test, a stress-strain curve of each welding zone can be obtained, as shown in fig. 5, fig. 5 shows stress-strain curves of a third weld zone, a second weld zone, a first weld zone, a heat affected zone, and a base material zone. In extracting the material constitutive of each weld zone, it is necessary to convert the stress-strain curve into an effective plastic stress-strain curve. In this embodiment, the tensile test performed on the friction stir welding structure real object is specifically a notch test performed on the third weld zone, the second weld zone, the first weld zone, and the heat affected zone respectively for performing a mechanical property test, and the notch test is not described herein again for the prior art. Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the material composition of the third weld zone, the second weld zone, the first weld zone, and the heat affected zone after being substituted into the fine simulation model.
S4: and performing simulation stretching on the fine simulation model, and correcting the material constitutive of a plurality of welding areas in the fine simulation model according to the stretching test result and the simulation stretching result until the coincidence degree of the stretching test result and the stretching simulation result is not less than a set value.
Specifically, a tensile test is carried out on a friction stir welding structure real object to obtain an actual stress-strain curve of each welding area, a simulation stress-strain curve of each welding area is obtained by carrying out simulation tensile on a fine simulation model, the goodness of fit of the actual stress-strain curve and the simulation stress-strain curve of each welding area is judged respectively, and when the goodness of fit is smaller than a set value, the material constitutive of the welding area is corrected until the goodness of fit of the actual stress-strain curve and the simulation stress-strain curve of each of the third welding area, the second welding area, the first welding area and the heat affected area is not smaller than the set value.
The correction formula is as follows:
wherein σ m To correct the stress, σ is the original stress, ε is the strain, and K is the correction parameter.
In this embodiment, the set value is 85%, and in other embodiments, the set value may be set as needed.
S5: one part of the welding areas is adjacent in sequence and is a first component, the other part of the welding areas is adjacent in sequence and is a second component, a first combination tensile simulation model of the first component is established, and a second combination tensile simulation model of the second component is established. Carrying out simulation stretching on the first combined stretching simulation model, outputting a first combined stress-strain curve, and processing the first combined stress-strain curve into a first combined effective plastic stress-strain curve to form a first combined material constitutive structure; and performing simulation stretching on the second combined stretching simulation model, outputting a second combined stress-strain curve, and processing the second combined stress-strain curve into a second combined effective plastic stress-strain curve to form a second combined material constitutive structure.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 7, in the present embodiment, the first composition part includes a heat-affected zone and a first weld zone, and the second composition part includes a second weld zone and a third weld zone. In other embodiments, the first component and the second component may be divided as desired.
S6: on the basis of the fine simulation model, according to the boundaries of a plurality of welding areas, combining the first components into a first joint area, combining the second components into a second joint area, endowing the first component material structure to the first joint area, and endowing the second component material structure to the second joint area to obtain the friction stir welding collision-resistant simulation model.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 8, the third weld zone, the second weld zone, the first weld zone and the heat affected zone are arranged from the welding center to both sides at the same time, so that the second component needs to be arranged in the center, both sides of the second component are respectively provided with the first component, and further, in the friction stir welding collision-resistant simulation model, both sides of the second joint zone need to be respectively provided with the first joint zones. In this embodiment, the average characteristic size of the mesh of the friction stir welding collision-resistant simulation model is 3 mm.
According to the friction stir welding connection simulation method based on the collision resistance of the whole vehicle, the process forming process of the friction stir welding structure is simulated, so that the temperature distribution of each welding area can be accurately identified, and a basis is provided for the area division of each welding area; correcting the material constitutive through simulation stretching and stretching tests, and ensuring the precision of the material constitutive brought into a fine model, thereby realizing the high-precision simulation of the mechanical property of the friction stir welding; according to the friction stir welding connection simulation method based on the collision resistance of the whole vehicle, through equivalent simplification, the characteristic size of a grid meets the requirement of collision resistance modeling of the whole vehicle, the calculation efficiency of a finite element model of the whole vehicle is improved while high-precision simulation is met, and the method has high applicability.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A friction stir welding connection simulation method based on vehicle collision resistance is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: establishing a finite element model formed by a friction stir welding structure process; performing process forming simulation based on the finite element model, and extracting a temperature field distribution model in the forming process of the friction stir welding structure;
s2: dividing a plurality of welding areas based on the temperature field distribution model, wherein the plurality of welding areas are symmetrically distributed to two sides of a welding seam by taking a welding head as a center, and the temperatures of the plurality of welding areas are different; determining the boundary of each welding area respectively; carrying out entity grid division based on the temperature field distribution model, and establishing a fine simulation model;
s3: providing a friction stir welding structure object, performing tensile test on the friction stir welding structure object according to the boundaries of a plurality of welding areas, and respectively extracting the material structure of each welding area; respectively bringing the material textures of the welding areas into the fine simulation model;
s4: carrying out simulation stretching on the fine simulation model, and correcting the material constitutive of the welding areas in the fine simulation model according to the result of the stretching test and the result of the simulation stretching until the coincidence degree of the result of the stretching test and the result of the stretching simulation is not less than a set value;
s5: one part of the welding areas is adjacent in sequence and is a first component, the other part of the welding areas is adjacent in sequence and is a second component, a first combined stretching simulation model of the first component is established, and a second combined stretching simulation model of the second component is established; performing simulation stretching on the first combined stretching simulation model, outputting a first combined stress-strain curve, and processing the first combined stress-strain curve into a first combined effective plastic stress-strain curve to form a first combined material constitutive structure; performing simulation stretching on the second combined stretching simulation model, outputting a second combined stress-strain curve, and processing the second combined stress-strain curve into a second combined effective plastic stress-strain curve to form a second combined material constitutive structure;
s6: on the basis of the fine simulation model, according to the boundaries of a plurality of welding areas, the first components are combined into a first joint area, the second components are combined into a second joint area, the first component material texture is endowed to the first joint area, the second component material texture is endowed to the second joint area, and the friction stir welding collision-resistant simulation model is obtained.
2. The friction stir welding connection simulation method based on the whole vehicle crash resistance as recited in claim 1, wherein in S1, the expression of the material constitutive adopted by the friction stir welding structure process is as follows:
σ ε in order to be the equivalent yield stress,
to be equivalent to plastic stressIn the process of changing the shape of the pipe,
is a dimensionless equivalent strain rate of plastic strain,
for the purpose of reference to the strain rate,
is dimensionless temperature, T is actual test temperature, T m Is the melting point of the material, T r For reference temperature, A is the material yield stress, B is the strain hardening factor, C is the strain rate sensitivity index, m is the temperature softening index, and n is the work hardening index.
3. The full vehicle crash-based friction stir welding connection simulation method of claim 2, wherein the finite element model in S1 employs an arbitrary lagrangian-euler adaptive mesh.
4. The friction stir welding connection simulation method based on vehicle crash resistance as recited in claim 3, wherein the finite element model in S1 adopts Euler boundaries.
5. The friction stir welding connection simulation method based on vehicle crashworthiness of claim 4, wherein the material can move freely in the tangential direction of the slip boundary and move synchronously with the grid point in the normal direction of the slip boundary.
6. The friction stir welding connection simulation method based on vehicle crash resistance according to claim 1, wherein the feature size of the mesh of the fine simulation model in S2 is 0.5mm on average.
7. The friction stir welding connection simulation method based on the whole vehicle crash resistance as recited in claim 1, wherein the set value is 85%.
8. The friction stir welding connection simulation method based on the whole vehicle crash resistance as recited in claim 1, wherein the average characteristic size of the grid of the friction stir welding crash resistance simulation model is 3 mm.
9. The friction stir welding connection simulation method based on the crash tolerance of the whole vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the number of the plurality of welding areas is four, and the four welding areas are a third weld area, a second weld area, a first weld area and a heat affected area.
10. The full car crash-tolerant friction stir weld connection simulation method of claim 9, wherein the first component comprises the heat-affected zone and the first weld zone, and the second component comprises the second weld zone and the third weld zone.
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Effective date of registration: 20231221 Address after: No.1, xinhongqi street, automobile economic and Technological Development Zone, Changchun, Jilin Province Patentee after: China Faw Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: CHANGCHUN AUTOMOTIVE TEST CENTER Co.,Ltd. Address before: No.1, xinhongqi street, automobile economic and Technological Development Zone, Changchun, Jilin Province Patentee before: China Faw Co.,Ltd. |