CN113704900A - Asynchronous motor rotor vent design method based on magnetic circuit calculation and electromagnetic field check - Google Patents
Asynchronous motor rotor vent design method based on magnetic circuit calculation and electromagnetic field check Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for designing an asynchronous motor rotor vent hole based on magnetic circuit calculation and electromagnetic field check, which comprises the following steps: firstly, calculating the magnetic flux phi of each pole according to the performance index requirement of the motor and a magnetic circuit method; secondly, calculating the magnetic density Bc of a rotor yoke; and thirdly, checking the magnetic density at the narrowest part of the vent hole by using an electromagnetic field calculation method. The invention provides a design method of an asynchronous motor rotor vent hole based on magnetic circuit calculation and electromagnetic field check, which can effectively balance ventilation and keep the magnetic circuit of a rotor smooth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of motor rotor vent hole design.
Background
The large and medium three-phase asynchronous motor has the characteristics of high efficiency, high power factor and the like, and occupies an important position in the industrial and mining industry. In recent years, with the awareness of energy conservation and emission reduction getting into the heart, the trend of the three-phase asynchronous motor towards large and medium-sized development becomes more obvious, but the development of the asynchronous motor is greatly restricted by the motor cooling mode. The motors of middle-large or larger size and cooling type such as IC411 and IC611 are available. The motor has all seted up the ventilation hole in the rotor axial, and wherein the ventilation hole is seted up on the punching sheet and is particularly obvious to rotor cooling effect, nevertheless because of the ventilation hole is located motor rotor magnetic circuit, has increased the magnetic resistance, leads to the increase of motor idle current to increased the loss, how balanced ventilation effect and keep the rotor magnetic circuit unobstructed, do not have unified clear ventilation hole size design method yet in the present trade.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the asynchronous motor rotor ventilation hole design method based on magnetic circuit calculation and electromagnetic field check, which can effectively balance ventilation and keep the magnetic circuit of the rotor smooth.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a design method of an asynchronous motor rotor vent hole based on magnetic circuit calculation and electromagnetic field check comprises the following steps:
firstly, calculating the magnetic flux phi of each pole according to the performance index requirement of the motor and a magnetic circuit method;
secondly, calculating the magnetic density Bc of a rotor yoke;
and thirdly, checking the magnetic density at the narrowest part of the vent hole by using an electromagnetic field calculation method.
Further, the calculation formula of the magnetic flux per pole Φ is as follows:
where Φ: magnetic flux per pole; e: phase electromotive force of the winding; f: the frequency of the current; kNm: the form factor of the air gap field; kdp: the winding factor of the motor; n: the windings are connected in series with each other in turns.
Further, the rotor yoke magnetic density Bc is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula, Bc: the yoke part of the rotor is magnetic dense; p: the number of pole pairs; ac: rotor yoke area;
when the rotating shaft is a ribbed plate shaft or a non-magnetic conductive material,
when the rotating shaft is made of a magnetic conductive material,
in the formula D2: the bottom of the rotor groove is distributed with a circle diameter; d1: the diameter of the rotating shaft; n: the number of the vent holes; a. thei: the area of a single vent;
the maximum area Ai of a single vent can be calculated according to Bc <1.8T in engineering calculation, and then the vent is designed according to the maximum area.
Further, the narrowest part of the vent holes is set as a vent hole distribution circle D3(ii) a In an electromagnetic field, a winding is energized with a three-phase power supply which is piled up into electrical angles with a mutual difference of 120 degrees, and after the motor enters a stable state, a ventilation hole distribution circle D is calculated3The magnetic density amplitude in the circumference is also Bc<And 1.8 is qualified.
Furthermore, a motor rotor punching sheet in the axial direction of the motor is provided with a vent hole which is a through groove; the motor rotor punching sheet comprises a punching sheet body and tooth grooves which are circumferentially arranged at the edge of the punching sheet body and are arranged along the radial direction of the punching sheet body, a shaft hole is formed in the center of the punching sheet body, a toothed plate is formed between any two adjacent tooth grooves, the width of each tooth groove is in a small-to-large transition from an inner ring to an outer ring in the radial direction, and the groove shape of each tooth groove is designed into an inverted pear shape; the punching sheet is characterized in that the interval between the tooth grooves is arranged at the edge of the punching sheet body, and the outer ring of the tooth grooves and the outer edge of the punching sheet body are provided with linear notch-shaped communication ports.
Further, the tooth's socket is for containing big slot portion, transition portion and small circle slot portion, big slot portion, small circle slot portion are the semicircle trough-shaped, the radius of big slot portion is R2, the radius of small circle slot portion is R1, and wherein R2 is greater than R1, big slot portion is close to in the outer fringe towards the piece body, just big slot portion communicate in the intercommunication mouth, small circle slot portion interval is in the outer fringe in shaft hole, transition portion is the isosceles trapezoid structure, just big slot portion switches on through transition portion connection with small circle slot portion.
Furthermore, a plurality of through grooves are formed in the punching sheet body, which is positioned on the inner ring of the tooth grooves, and the structure of each through groove is a circular or special-shaped through hole type structure; a plurality of lead to the groove and distribute in between a plurality of tooth's socket, the one end interval that leads to the groove is in the shaft hole, just the other end that leads to the groove extends to the pinion rack between the tooth's socket.
Furthermore, the cross section of the through groove is arc-shaped, and the through groove is annularly arranged around the shaft hole interval.
Further, the width of the through groove is in a transition from the inner ring to the outer ring from small to large in the radial direction; the structure shape of the through groove is the same as that of the tooth groove, an extending groove is formed in the outer edge of the through groove along the radial direction of the punching sheet body, and the distance between the extending grooves is arranged in the outer edge of the punching sheet body.
Furthermore, the through groove is of a groove body structure with two large ends and a small middle part, the middle slender waist part of the through groove is of a groove neck structure, and the groove neck structure is arranged in the radial direction of the punching sheet body corresponding to the tooth root of the toothed plate, namely the distance from the tooth groove root to the groove neck structure is larger than the distance from the middle section of the tooth groove to the through groove;
the through groove further comprises an outer groove structure and an inner groove structure which are communicated with and arranged at two ends of the groove neck structure, the through groove is of a bowling ball-shaped structure, the outer groove structure is located on the toothed plate, the inner groove structure is close to the shaft hole, and the groove area of the inner groove structure is larger than that of the outer groove structure.
Has the advantages that: the invention utilizes the magnetic circuit of the vent hole of the yoke part of the rotor and the electromagnetic field for calculation, can greatly enhance the ventilation area and the heat dissipation perimeter of the rotor of the motor on the premise of ensuring the smoothness of the magnetic circuit of the motor, reduces the ventilation wind resistance, greatly reduces the temperature rise of the motor while reducing the cooling loss, improves the reliability of the motor, reduces the use of effective materials, greatly improves the performance of the motor and has great enterprise and social significance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a drawing of a structure of a punching sheet body;
FIG. 2 is a view of the tooth space structure;
FIG. 3 is a view of an arc-shaped through groove structure;
FIG. 4 is a view of a transition through groove structure from small to large;
FIG. 5 is a structural view of a through groove with large ends and small middle;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of magnetic force line distribution of the motor during magnetic circuit calculation;
FIG. 7 is a cloud chart of motor flux density distribution after the electromagnetic field is calculated to be in a stable state;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the calculation of the magnetic flux density at the circumference of the narrowest part of the ventilation hole.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figures 1-8: a design method of an asynchronous motor rotor vent hole based on magnetic circuit calculation and electromagnetic field check comprises the following steps:
firstly, calculating the magnetic flux phi of each pole according to the performance index requirement of the motor and a magnetic circuit method;
secondly, calculating the magnetic density Bc of a rotor yoke;
and thirdly, checking the magnetic density at the narrowest part of the vent hole by using an electromagnetic field calculation method. Thereby realizing the balance ventilation effect and the smooth effect of the rotor magnetic circuit.
Calculating the magnetic flux of each pole according to the performance index requirement of the motor by a magnetic circuit method; the calculation formula of each magnetic flux phi is as follows:
where Φ: magnetic flux per pole; e: phase electromotive force of the winding; f: the frequency of the current; kNm: the form factor of the air gap field; kdp: the winding factor of the motor; n: the windings are connected in series with each other in turns.
Under the normal design condition, because the magnetic permeability of the rotor tooth part is much larger than that of the rotor slot part, the magnetic resistance of the tooth part is much smaller than that of the slot part, and the main magnetic flux almost completely penetrates through the rotor tooth part and enters the yoke part of the rotor (as shown in FIG. 6); the calculation formula of the magnetic density Bc of the yoke part of the rotor is as follows:
in the formula, Bc: the yoke part of the rotor is magnetic dense; p: the number of pole pairs; ac: rotor yoke area;
when the rotating shaft is a ribbed plate shaft or a non-magnetic conductive material,
when the rotating shaft is made of a magnetic conductive material,
in the formula D2: the bottom of the rotor groove is distributed with a circle diameter; d1: the diameter of the rotating shaft; n: the number of the vent holes; a. thei: the area of a single vent;
when the magnetic density of most silicon steel sheets is not more than 1.8T, the saturation degree of the silicon steel sheets is not high, the magnetic resistance of a yoke part of the rotor is not large, the maximum area Ai of a single vent hole can be calculated according to Bc <1.8T during engineering calculation, and then the vent hole is designed according to the maximum area.
The total ventilation area is pursued when the rotor ventilation holes are designed, and meanwhile, the perimeter of the total ventilation section is directly related to the heat dissipation effect. In the actual design, the design shape of the vent hole can be diversified, and the calculation of the magnetic circuit is limited at the moment. The magnetic density of the narrowest part of the ventilation hole is calculated by an electromagnetic field (as D in figure 7)3) And (6) checking. The narrowest part of the vent hole is set as a vent hole distribution circle D3(ii) a In an electromagnetic field, a winding is energized with a three-phase power supply which is piled up into electrical angles with a mutual difference of 120 degrees, and after the motor enters a stable state, a ventilation hole distribution circle D is calculated3The magnetic density amplitude in the circumference (see fig. 8), also denoted by Bc<And 1.8 is qualified.
A motor rotor punching sheet in the axial direction of the motor is provided with a vent hole which is a through groove 6; the motor rotor punching sheet comprises a punching sheet body 1 and tooth grooves 3 which are circumferentially arranged at the edge of the punching sheet body 1 and along the radial direction of the punching sheet body, a shaft hole 4 is formed in the center of the punching sheet body 1, a toothed plate 2 is formed between any two adjacent tooth grooves 3, the width of each tooth groove 3 is in a transition from small to large from an inner ring to an outer ring in the radial direction, the groove shape of each tooth groove 3 is designed into an inverted pear shape, and under the condition that the outer diameter size of the punching sheet body is unchanged and the number of the tooth grooves is unchanged, the integral mass center of the motor rotor is axially shifted to reduce the rotation radius of the mass center and reduce the rotational inertia of the motor rotor; the interval between the tooth grooves 3 is arranged at the edge of the punching sheet body 1, and the outer ring of the tooth grooves 3 and the outer edge of the punching sheet body 1 are provided with a linear notch-shaped communication port 5. The punching sheet body is simple in groove type form, and the design of the parameters of the rotor punching sheet is facilitated; the novel rotor punching sheet groove greatly reduces the rotational inertia of the motor rotor, does not reduce the ternary size of the motor, obtains larger torque, greatly reduces the rotational inertia of the motor and improves the performance of the motor.
The tooth groove 3 comprises a large circular groove part 3a, a transition part 3b and a small circular groove part 3c, and the large circular groove part 3a and the small circular groove part 3c are both semicircular groove-shaped, so that the distribution of the magnetic density of the rotor toothed plate 2 can be improved; on the other hand can do benefit to and improve motor efficiency, the radius of big slot portion 3a is R2, the radius of small circle slot portion 3c is R1, and wherein R2 is greater than R1, big slot portion 3a is close to the outer fringe towards piece body 1, just big slot portion 3a communicate in intercommunication mouth 5, small circle slot portion 3c interval is in the outer fringe of shaft hole 4, transition portion 3b is the isosceles trapezoid structure, just big slot portion 3a and small circle slot portion 3c are connected through transition portion 3b and are switched on.
As shown in fig. 1, a first embodiment comprising a through slot structure: a plurality of through grooves 6 are formed in the punching sheet body 1 at the inner ring of the tooth grooves 3, and the through grooves 6 are in a circular or special-shaped through hole type structure; a plurality of lead to groove 6 distributes between a plurality of tooth's socket 3, the one end interval that leads to groove 6 is in shaft hole 4, just the other end that leads to the groove extends to pinion rack 2 between the tooth's socket 3. Or the section of the through groove can be in a tooth shape, and the inner teeth of the through groove are arranged along the magnetic flux direction; the internal teeth of the through grooves can divide wind flow and conduct magnetism, so that ventilation and smooth magnetic circuit are guaranteed.
FIG. 3 contains a second embodiment of a through slot configuration; the cross section of the through groove 6 is arc-shaped, and the through groove 6 is annularly arranged around the interval of the shaft hole 4.
FIG. 4 contains a third embodiment of a through slot configuration; the width of the through groove 6 is changed from small to large from the inner ring to the outer ring in the radial direction; the punching sheet body 1 can be further reduced in quality while the punching sheet rigidity is ensured; the structure shape of the through groove 6 is the same as that of the tooth groove 3, an extending groove 7 is formed in the outer edge of the through groove 6 along the radial direction of the punching sheet body 1, and the distance between the extending grooves 7 is equal to that of the outer edge of the punching sheet body. The quality of the punching sheet body 1 is further reduced by extending the groove 7.
FIG. 5 contains a fourth embodiment of a through slot configuration; the through groove 6 is of a groove body structure with two large ends and a small middle part, a groove neck structure 8 is arranged at the middle slender waist part of the through groove 6, and the groove neck structure 8 is arranged in the radial direction of the punching sheet body 1 corresponding to the tooth root of the toothed plate 2, namely the distance from the root part of the toothed groove 3 to the groove neck structure 8 is larger than the distance from the middle section of the toothed groove 3 to the through groove 6; the connection rigidity of the tooth lifting plate 2 and the punching sheet body 1 is improved.
Lead to groove 6 and still contain the intercommunication and set up in the outer groove structure 9a and the interior groove structure 9b at groove neck structure 8 both ends, lead to groove 6 and be bowling ball-shaped structure, outer groove structure 9a is located pinion rack 2, interior groove structure 9b is close to in shaft hole 4, just the groove area of interior groove structure 9b is greater than outer groove structure 9 a's area, reduces the quality in the punching sheet body 1 middle yoke portion region.
In view of the foregoing disclosure, it will be seen that the present invention is not limited by the particular embodiments disclosed, but is capable of modifications and variations within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The asynchronous motor rotor vent design method based on magnetic circuit calculation and electromagnetic field check is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, calculating the magnetic flux phi of each pole according to the performance index requirement of the motor and a magnetic circuit method;
secondly, calculating the magnetic density Bc of a rotor yoke;
and thirdly, checking the magnetic density at the narrowest part of the vent hole by using an electromagnetic field calculation method.
2. The asynchronous motor rotor vent design method based on magnetic circuit calculation and electromagnetic field check as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the calculation formula of each magnetic flux phi is as follows:
where Φ: magnetic flux per pole; e: phase electromotive force of the winding; f: the frequency of the current; kNm: the form factor of the air gap field; kdp: the winding factor of the motor; n: the windings are connected in series with each other in turns.
3. The asynchronous motor rotor vent design method based on magnetic circuit calculation and electromagnetic field check as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the calculation formula of the magnetic density Bc of the yoke part of the rotor is as follows:
in the formula, Bc: the yoke part of the rotor is magnetic dense; p: the number of pole pairs; ac: rotor yoke area;
when the rotating shaft is a ribbed plate shaft or a non-magnetic conductive material,
when the rotating shaft is made of a magnetic conductive material,
in the formula D2: the bottom of the rotor groove is distributed with a circle diameter; d1: the diameter of the rotating shaft; n: the number of the vent holes; a. thei: the area of a single vent;
the maximum area Ai of a single vent can be calculated according to Bc <1.8T in engineering calculation, and then the vent is designed according to the maximum area.
4. The asynchronous motor rotor vent design method based on magnetic circuit calculation and electromagnetic field check of claim 3, characterized in that: the narrowest part of the vent hole is set as a vent hole distribution circle D3(ii) a In an electromagnetic field, a winding is energized with a three-phase power supply which is piled up into electrical angles with a mutual difference of 120 degrees, and after the motor enters a stable state, a ventilation hole distribution circle D is calculated3The magnetic density amplitude in the circumference is also Bc<And 1.8 is qualified.
5. The asynchronous motor rotor vent design method based on magnetic circuit calculation and electromagnetic field check of claim 4, wherein: a motor rotor punching sheet in the axial direction of the motor is provided with a vent hole which is a through groove (6); the motor rotor punching sheet comprises a punching sheet body (1) and tooth grooves (3) which are circumferentially arranged at the edge of the punching sheet body (1) in an array mode and are arranged along the radial direction of the punching sheet body, a shaft hole (4) is formed in the center of the punching sheet body (1), a toothed plate (2) is formed between any two adjacent tooth grooves (3), the width of each tooth groove (3) is in small-to-large transition from an inner ring to an outer ring in the radial direction, and the groove shape of each tooth groove (3) is designed into an inverted pear shape; the interval between the tooth grooves (3) is arranged at the edge of the punching sheet body (1), and the outer ring of the tooth grooves (3) and the outer edge of the punching sheet body (1) are provided with a linear notch-shaped communication opening (5).
6. The asynchronous motor rotor vent design method based on magnetic circuit calculation and electromagnetic field check of claim 5, wherein: tooth's socket (3) are for containing big slot part (3a), transition portion (3b) and small circle slot part (3c), big slot part (3a), small circle slot part (3c) are half circular groove form, the radius of big slot part (3a) is R2, the radius of small circle slot part (3c) is R1, and wherein R2 is greater than R1, big slot part (3a) are close to the outer fringe towards piece body (1), just big slot part (3a) communicate in intercommunication mouth (5), small circle slot part (3c) are apart from the outer fringe in shaft hole (4), transition portion (3b) are the isosceles trapezoid structure, just big slot part (3a) and small circle slot part (3c) are connected through transition portion (3 b).
7. The asynchronous motor rotor vent design method based on magnetic circuit calculation and electromagnetic field check of claim 6, wherein: a plurality of through grooves (6) are formed in the punching sheet body (1) and are positioned on the inner ring of the tooth grooves (3), and the through grooves (6) are of a circular or special-shaped through hole type structure; a plurality of lead to groove (6) and distribute in between a plurality of tooth's socket (3), the one end interval that leads to groove (6) is in shaft hole (4), just the other end that leads to groove (6) extends to pinion rack (2) between tooth's socket (3).
8. The asynchronous motor rotor vent design method based on magnetic circuit calculation and electromagnetic field check of claim 7, wherein: the cross section of the through groove (6) is arc-shaped, and the through groove (6) is annularly arranged around the interval of the shaft hole (4).
9. The asynchronous motor rotor vent design method based on magnetic circuit calculation and electromagnetic field check of claim 7, wherein: the width of the through groove (6) is in a transition from the inner ring to the outer ring from small to large in the radial direction; the structure shape of the through groove (6) is the same as that of the tooth groove (3), an extending groove (7) is formed in the outer edge of the through groove (6) along the radial direction of the punching sheet body (1), and the distance between the extending groove (7) and the outer edge of the punching sheet body is equal to that between the extending groove (7) and the outer edge of the punching sheet body.
10. The asynchronous motor rotor vent design method based on magnetic circuit calculation and electromagnetic field check of claim 7, wherein: the through groove (6) is of a groove body structure with two large ends and a small middle part, a groove neck structure (8) is arranged at the middle slender waist part of the through groove (6), the groove neck structure (8) is arranged corresponding to the tooth root of the toothed plate (2) in the radial direction of the punching sheet body (1), namely the distance from the root part of the toothed groove (3) to the groove neck structure (8) is larger than the distance from the middle groove section of the toothed groove (3) to the through groove (6);
lead to groove (6) and still contain the intercommunication and set up in outer groove structure (9a) and interior groove structure (9b) at groove neck structure (8) both ends, it is bowling ball structure to lead to groove (6), outer groove structure (9a) are located pinion rack (2), interior groove structure (9b) are close to in shaft hole (4), just the groove area of interior groove structure (9b) is greater than the area of outer groove structure (9 a).
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