CN113703156A - Quasi-optical monopulse antenna based on reflective phase correction mirror - Google Patents

Quasi-optical monopulse antenna based on reflective phase correction mirror Download PDF

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CN113703156A
CN113703156A CN202110969273.7A CN202110969273A CN113703156A CN 113703156 A CN113703156 A CN 113703156A CN 202110969273 A CN202110969273 A CN 202110969273A CN 113703156 A CN113703156 A CN 113703156A
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mirror
field
phase
phase correcting
sum
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胡标
朱国锋
李�浩
汪海洋
李天明
周翼鸿
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
    • G02B26/0816—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements
    • G02B26/0825—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements the reflecting element being a flexible sheet or membrane, e.g. for varying the focus
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0012—Optical design, e.g. procedures, algorithms, optimisation routines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array

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Abstract

The invention discloses a quasi-optical single-pulse antenna based on a reflective phase correcting mirror, and belongs to the field of terahertz quasi-optical single-pulse antennas. The invention adopts two low-loss reflection type phase correcting mirrors to improve the problem of higher sidelobe level in the radiation characteristic of the sum-difference comparator, and provides a method for obtaining the mirror surface shape of the phase correcting mirrors, thereby greatly reducing the problem of medium loss caused by adopting a medium lens or a diffraction lens in the prior art, and finally, also better improving the radiation characteristic of a single pulse antenna.

Description

Quasi-optical monopulse antenna based on reflective phase correction mirror
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of terahertz quasi-optical single-pulse antennas, and particularly relates to a quasi-optical single-pulse antenna based on a reflective phase correction mirror.
Background
As a precise angle measurement technology, the monopulse technology can determine the position information of a target theoretically only by analyzing one echo pulse, and the speed of extracting the position information of the target is greatly increased. For the quasi-optical single pulse antenna of the terahertz frequency band, the sum beam directly radiated from the end face of the quasi-optical sum-difference comparator has the problem of higher side lobe level, because the distance of the beam radiated from the port of the quasi-optical sum-difference comparator is large relative to the wavelength, and therefore, in order to obtain better sum-difference radiation characteristics, the side lobe level must be suppressed by improving the field distribution of the output port surface. At present, the purpose of improving the output end surface field of the sum and difference comparator can be achieved by using some optical elements such as dielectric lens antenna, diffraction lens and the like, so as to obtain the expected directional diagram. Although these optical elements have advantages such as simple structure, small size, and low processing cost, they have a problem of large loss due to dielectric loss, and it is important to find a technical solution with low loss, high efficiency, and easy processing.
Disclosure of Invention
The quasi-optical monopulse antenna based on the reflective phase correcting mirror can improve the field distribution of the output port of the quasi-optical sum-difference comparator and optimize the radiation characteristic, and has the advantages of low loss, high efficiency and easiness in processing.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a quasi-optical single pulse antenna based on a reflection type phase correcting mirror comprises a sum-difference comparator, a second phase correcting mirror and a first phase correcting mirror which are sequentially arranged along the axial direction.
The sum-difference comparator is an optical-alignment difference comparator and comprises a sum input port, an azimuth difference input port, a pitching difference input port and 4 output ports; when a Gaussian beam enters from the input port, 4 beams output by 4 output ports have the same amplitude and the same phase; when a Gaussian beam enters from the pitching difference input port, the amplitudes of 4 beams output by 4 output ports are the same, and the phase difference between the upper two beams and the lower two beams is 180 degrees; when a Gaussian beam enters from the azimuth difference input port, the amplitudes of 4 beams output by the 4 output ports are the same, and the phase difference between the two beams on the left side and the two beams on the right side is 180 degrees.
The first phase correcting mirror is a curved surface reflecting mirror with a round hole output port at the center, and is used for reflecting and converging 4 wave beams output by the sum-difference comparator to the second phase correcting mirror, and correcting and optimizing the phases of the 4 wave beams so that the phases of the 4 wave beams reaching the second phase correcting mirror meet the sum-difference effect.
The second phase correcting mirror is a curved surface reflecting mirror and is used for reflecting 4 wave beams to the round hole output port of the first phase correcting mirror to be synthesized and output, and simultaneously, the phases of the 4 wave beams are corrected for the second time so that the phases reaching the round hole output port meet the sum-difference effect.
Further, the mirror surface shapes of the first phase correction mirror and the second phase correction mirror are obtained by the following steps:
s1: determining an initial field of a phase correcting mirror
Figure BDA0003225337360000021
And a target field
Figure BDA0003225337360000022
Defining the incident field of the phase correcting mirror as the initial field
Figure BDA0003225337360000023
Object field
Figure BDA0003225337360000024
For observing plane S0The desired field distribution. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003225337360000025
is the position vector of the initial plane S,
Figure BDA0003225337360000026
for observing plane S0The position vector of (2).
For the first phase correction mirror: initial field of the first phase correcting mirror
Figure BDA0003225337360000027
The field reaching the initial plane S of the first phase correction mirror is the output field of the preceding stage sum-difference comparator.
Output field distribution and observation plane S according to known preceding stage sum-difference comparator0Determining the shape and position of the initial surface S of the first phase correction mirror according to the expected target field distribution to reflect and converge 4 wave beams output by the preceding stage sum-difference comparator to the observation plane S0。
Further, the shape of the initial surface S is formed by splicing four rectangular plane mirrors with the same size.
For the second phase correction mirror: initial field of the second phase correction mirror
Figure BDA0003225337360000028
The observation field corrected by the first phase correcting mirror; the plane where the second phase correction mirror is located is an observation plane S of the first phase correction mirror0(ii) a An observation plane S of the second phase correction mirror0Is the plane of the circular hole output port.
Further, the initial surface S of the second phase correction mirror is a rectangular plane mirror. S2: calculating the initial field from equation (1)
Figure BDA0003225337360000029
Reflected field after reflection from the initial surface S
Figure BDA00032253373600000210
Figure BDA00032253373600000211
Wherein
Figure BDA00032253373600000212
Is a phase correcting mirrorK is a propagation constant and gamma is an initial field
Figure BDA00032253373600000213
The incident direction and the normal angle of the mirror surface.
S3: calculating the reflected field from a scalar diffraction integral equation
Figure BDA00032253373600000214
To the observation plane S0Observation field distribution of
Figure BDA00032253373600000215
Figure BDA00032253373600000216
Wherein G is a Green function of free space, and the expression is as follows:
Figure BDA00032253373600000217
s4: defining observation field distributions
Figure BDA00032253373600000218
And the target field
Figure BDA00032253373600000219
The difference amounts of (A) and (B) are as follows:
Figure BDA00032253373600000220
s5: carrying out rectangular grid discretization on the initial surface S, wherein the side length of the grid in the x direction is delta x, the number of the grids is V, the side length of the grid in the y direction is delta y, and the number of the grids is W; thus position vector
Figure BDA0003225337360000031
Written in the form of three coordinates:
Figure BDA0003225337360000032
wherein v is the grid serial number in the x direction, and w is the grid serial number in the y direction; so that the mirror surface disturbance amount of the phase correcting mirror
Figure BDA0003225337360000033
Write as:
Figure BDA0003225337360000034
wherein
Figure BDA0003225337360000035
Representing the specular disturbance vector, delta representing the Dirac function, avwRepresentative point
Figure BDA0003225337360000036
The amplitude of the disturbance at (a) is,
Figure BDA0003225337360000037
the position vector of the v-th grid in the x direction and the w-th grid in the y direction is shown.
S6: will observe the plane S0Discretizing a rectangular grid at x0Length of grid side in direction of Deltax0The number of grids is V, at y0Length of grid side in direction of Deltay0The number of grids W; thus position vector
Figure BDA0003225337360000038
Written in the form of three coordinates:
Figure BDA0003225337360000039
wherein v is x0Grid number of direction, w is y0Grid number of direction.
Discretizing the formula (3):
Figure BDA00032253373600000310
wherein
Figure BDA00032253373600000311
Is a discretized field distribution of view.
S7: calculating a target field
Figure BDA00032253373600000312
And observation field
Figure BDA00032253373600000313
Finding the minimum value of the difference, i.e. finding the extreme value of the difference, and according to the property of the continuous function, the extreme point of the function can be represented by the first derivative being zero, so that
Figure BDA00032253373600000314
Obtaining an iterative formula (5):
Figure BDA00032253373600000315
wherein
Figure BDA00032253373600000316
k0For the free space wavenumber, the superscript ". sup." represents taking the complex conjugate, and i is the number of iterations. The disturbance amount at any point on the mirror surface of the phase correction mirror is obtained through repeated iteration of the formula (5), so that the optimized phase correction mirror surface shape is obtained.
S8: according to the radius of the final output beam, a round hole output port is arranged at the center of the first phase correction mirror obtained in the step S7; and intercepting the circular mirror surface structure as the second phase correction mirror by taking the center of the second phase correction mirror obtained in the step S7 as the center of a circle, so that the second phase correction mirror meets the requirements of not shielding the output beam of the preceding stage sum-difference comparator and also realizing the phase correction of the beam.
In practical application, the central distance between the four beams radiated by the output ports of the quasi-optical and differential comparators is large relative to the wavelength, and the radius of the emergent beam of the sum and differential comparator is large, so that the output field distribution of the quasi-optical and differential comparators has a certain deviation compared with an ideal output field. Therefore, the invention obtains the mirror surface shape of the first phase correction mirror by setting the target field, thereby realizing the reduction of the beam radius and the phase correction, and ensuring that the energy leakage is little and the phase requirement is basically met when the beam reaches the second phase correction mirror; the second phase correction mirror is mainly used for changing the radiation direction of the wave beams, and simultaneously further performing phase correction on the four wave beams, so that the final target field is guaranteed to be achieved at the output port of the circular hole. Compared with the mainstream method adopting a dielectric lens or a diffraction lens, the method adopts a reflection mode in the transmission process, and has the advantages of low transmission loss and high transmission efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a phase correction mirror.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of radiation characteristics of a terahertz quasi-optical single-pulse antenna based on a phase correction mirror.
Fig. 3 is a sum-difference pattern on the initial azimuth plane.
Fig. 4 is a sum and difference pattern on the initial pitch plane.
Fig. 5 is a sum-difference pattern on the corrected azimuth plane.
Fig. 6 is a sum-difference pattern on the corrected pitch plane.
The reference numbers illustrate: 1 quasi-optical sum-difference comparator, 2 second phase correcting mirror, 3 first phase correcting mirror.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the present embodiment, and as shown in fig. 2, the structure includes: the device comprises a quasi-light sum-difference comparator, a second phase correcting mirror and a first phase correcting mirror which are sequentially arranged along the axial direction.
The first phase correcting mirror is a curved surface reflecting mirror with a round hole output port at the center, and is used for reflecting and converging 4 wave beams output by the sum-difference comparator to the second phase correcting mirror, and correcting and optimizing the phases of the 4 wave beams so that the phases of the 4 wave beams reaching the second phase correcting mirror meet the sum-difference effect.
The second phase correcting mirror is a curved surface reflecting mirror and is used for reflecting 4 wave beams to the round hole output port of the first phase correcting mirror to be synthesized and output, and simultaneously, the phases of the 4 wave beams are corrected for the second time so that the phases reaching the round hole output port meet the sum and difference effect.
The working frequency of the Gaussian beam provided by the front stage quasi-optical sum-difference comparator is 340GHz, and the field distribution provided by the front stage quasi-optical sum-difference comparator is sum beam field distribution, azimuth difference beam field distribution and elevation difference beam field distribution respectively. The neutral beam field distribution is represented by four Gaussian beams with equal amplitude and same direction, the azimuth difference beam field distribution is represented by the fact that the amplitudes of the left two beams are equal to the amplitudes of the right two beams, but the phase difference is 180 degrees, and the elevation difference beam field distribution is represented by the fact that the amplitudes of the upper two beams are equal to the amplitudes of the lower two beams, but the phase difference is 180 degrees.
The method for calculating the mirror surface shape of the first phase correction mirror comprises the following steps: the output field at the output port of the known standard optical sum and difference comparator has a beam radius of about 9.4mm, a distance of 50mm between the centers of the four beams, and center coordinates of (25, 25, 0), (25, -25, 0), (-25, 25, 0), in mm. Fig. 3 and 4 are far field patterns of the azimuth and elevation planes of the quasi-optic sum-difference comparator.
The target field expected by the first phase correction mirror is a Gaussian beam with the beam waist radius of 6mm, so that the initial surface S of the first phase correction mirror is set to be composed of 4 rectangular plane mirrors with 50mm x 50mm, the central coordinates of the plane mirrors are (0, 0, 102), and the unit mm is adopted, so that the 4 beams output by the sum-difference comparator are reflected and converged to an observation plane.
According to the steps recorded in the invention content, the structure of the first phase correction mirror can be calculated through an iterative formula, and the reflection convergence of four paths of wave beams and the phase correction are completed; and then according to the final radius of the output beam, digging a round through hole with the radius of 18mm at the center of the first phase correcting mirror, and ensuring that the corrected beam can radiate sum and difference beams through the round hole.
The mirror surface shape of the second phase correction mirror is calculated similarly: and taking the observation field corrected by the first phase correction mirror as an initial field of a second phase correction mirror, setting a target field of the second phase correction mirror as a Gaussian beam with the beam waist radius of 4mm, setting an initial surface S of the second phase correction mirror as a rectangular plane structure with the beam waist radius of 20mm x 20mm, and setting the central coordinate of the rectangular plane structure as (0, 0, 0) and the unit mm. Finally, in order to prevent the second phase correction mirror from blocking the incident beam, a rectangular structure of 20mm x 20mm is cut into a circular structure with a radius of 20 mm.
In order to verify the accuracy of the result, the obtained phase correction mirror is led into simulation software, and a whole simulation model is built in the simulation software. Fig. 5 shows the sum and difference far-field pattern in the azimuth difference direction, and fig. 6 shows the sum and difference far-field pattern in the elevation difference direction, and it can be seen from the figure that the sum beam side lobe is below-15 dB on average. From the transmission efficiency, the transmission efficiency of the invention is about 85%, and the loss is low.
The result shows that the quasi-optical monopulse antenna based on the reflective phase correcting mirror has the advantages of low loss, high efficiency and easiness in processing. A new method is provided for improving the output port field of the quasi-optical sum-difference comparator and optimizing the radiation characteristic of the quasi-optical sum-difference comparator.

Claims (4)

1. A quasi-optical monopulse antenna based on a reflective phase correcting mirror is characterized by comprising a sum-difference comparator, a second phase correcting mirror and a first phase correcting mirror which are sequentially arranged along the axial direction;
the sum-difference comparator is an optical-alignment difference comparator and comprises a sum input port, an azimuth difference input port, a pitching difference input port and 4 output ports;
the first phase correcting mirror is a curved surface reflecting mirror with a round hole output port at the center, and is used for reflecting and converging 4 wave beams output by the sum-difference comparator to the second phase correcting mirror, and correcting and optimizing the phases of the 4 wave beams so that the phases of the 4 wave beams reaching the second phase correcting mirror meet the sum-difference effect;
the second phase correcting mirror is a curved surface reflecting mirror and is used for reflecting 4 wave beams to the round hole output port of the first phase correcting mirror to be synthesized and output, and simultaneously, the phases of the 4 wave beams are corrected for the second time so that the phases reaching the round hole output port meet the sum-difference effect.
2. The quasi-optical monopulse antenna based on the reflective phase correcting mirror as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mirror surface shapes of the first phase correcting mirror and the second phase correcting mirror are obtained by:
s1: determining an initial field of a phase correcting mirror
Figure FDA0003225337350000011
And a target field
Figure FDA0003225337350000012
Defining the incident field of the initial surface S of the phase correcting mirror as the initial field
Figure FDA0003225337350000013
Object field
Figure FDA0003225337350000014
For observing plane S0A desired field distribution; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003225337350000015
is the position vector of the initial plane S,
Figure FDA0003225337350000016
for observing plane S0A position vector of (a);
for the first phase correction mirror: initial field of the first phase correcting mirror
Figure FDA0003225337350000017
A field for the output field of the preceding stage sum-difference comparator to reach the initial plane S of the first phase correction mirror;
output field distribution and observation plane S according to known preceding stage sum-difference comparator0Determining the shape and position of the initial surface S of the first phase correction mirror according to the expected target field distribution to reflect and converge 4 wave beams output by the preceding stage sum-difference comparator to the observation plane S0；
For the second phase correction mirror: the second phaseInitial field of the position correcting mirror
Figure FDA0003225337350000018
The observation field corrected by the first phase correcting mirror; the plane where the second phase correction mirror is located is an observation plane S of the first phase correction mirror0(ii) a An observation plane S of the second phase correction mirror0The plane of the circular hole output port is;
s2: calculating the initial field from equation (1)
Figure FDA0003225337350000019
Reflected field after reflection from the initial surface S
Figure FDA00032253373500000110
Figure FDA00032253373500000111
Wherein
Figure FDA00032253373500000112
Is the mirror disturbance of the phase correcting mirror, k is the propagation constant, and gamma is the initial field
Figure FDA00032253373500000113
The included angle between the incident direction and the normal direction of the mirror surface;
s3: calculating the reflected field from a scalar diffraction integral equation
Figure FDA00032253373500000114
To the observation plane S0Observation field distribution of
Figure FDA00032253373500000115
Figure FDA00032253373500000116
Wherein G is a Green function of free space, and the expression is as follows:
Figure FDA0003225337350000021
s4: defining observation field distributions
Figure FDA0003225337350000022
And the target field
Figure FDA0003225337350000023
The difference amounts of (A) and (B) are as follows:
Figure FDA0003225337350000024
s5: carrying out rectangular grid discretization on the initial surface S, wherein the side length of the grid in the x direction is delta x, the number of the grids is V, the side length of the grid in the y direction is delta y, and the number of the grids is W; thus position vector
Figure FDA0003225337350000025
Written in the form of three coordinates:
Figure FDA0003225337350000026
wherein v is the grid serial number in the x direction, and w is the grid serial number in the y direction; so that the mirror surface disturbance amount of the phase correcting mirror
Figure FDA0003225337350000027
Write as:
Figure FDA0003225337350000028
wherein
Figure FDA0003225337350000029
Representing the specular disturbance vector, delta representing the Dirac function, avwRepresentative point
Figure FDA00032253373500000210
The amplitude of the disturbance at (a) is,
Figure FDA00032253373500000211
a position vector representing the v-th grid in the x direction and the w-th grid in the y direction;
s6: will observe the plane S0Discretizing a rectangular grid at x0Length of grid side in direction of Deltax0The number of grids is V, at y0Length of grid side in direction of Deltay0The number of grids W; thus position vector
Figure FDA00032253373500000212
Written in the form of three coordinates:
Figure FDA00032253373500000213
wherein v is x0Grid number of direction, w is y0Grid number of direction;
discretizing the formula (3):
Figure FDA00032253373500000214
wherein
Figure FDA00032253373500000215
Is a discretized observation field distribution;
s7: calculating a target field
Figure FDA00032253373500000216
And observation field
Figure FDA00032253373500000217
The minimum value of the difference value, and the extreme point of the continuous function can be represented by zero of the first derivative according to the property of the function, so that
Figure FDA00032253373500000218
Obtaining an iterative formula (5):
Figure FDA00032253373500000219
wherein
Figure FDA00032253373500000220
k0For the free space wave number, the prime symbol "represents taking the complex conjugate, and i is the number of iterations; obtaining the disturbance quantity of any point on the mirror surface of the phase correcting mirror through repeated iteration of a formula (5), thereby obtaining the optimized mirror surface shape of the phase correcting mirror;
s8: according to the radius of the final output beam, a round hole output port is arranged at the center of the first phase correction mirror obtained in the step S7; and intercepting the circular mirror surface structure as the second phase correction mirror by taking the center of the second phase correction mirror obtained in the step S7 as the center of a circle, so that the second phase correction mirror meets the requirements of not shielding the output beam of the preceding stage sum-difference comparator and also realizing the phase correction of the beam.
3. The quasi-optical monopulse antenna based on a reflective phase correcting mirror as claimed in claim 2, wherein the shape of the initial surface S of the first phase correcting mirror is formed by splicing four rectangular plane mirrors with the same size.
4. The quasi-optical monopulse antenna based on a reflective phase correcting mirror as claimed in claim 2, wherein the initial surface S of the second phase correcting mirror is a rectangular plane mirror.
CN202110969273.7A 2021-08-23 2021-08-23 Quasi-optical monopulse antenna based on reflective phase correction mirror Pending CN113703156A (en)

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Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN205752559U (en) * 2016-05-06 2016-11-30 西安恒达微波技术开发有限公司 A kind of for monopulse antenna and poor comparator
CN107464993A (en) * 2017-07-07 2017-12-12 东南大学 Integrated broadband minimizes and the monopulse antenna array of poor phase comparing network
CN109307868A (en) * 2018-09-20 2019-02-05 北京遥感设备研究所 A kind of pulse imaging system and method suitable for terahertz wave band
CN113206387A (en) * 2021-04-22 2021-08-03 电子科技大学 Wide-bandwidth terahertz quasi-optical sum-difference comparator

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN205752559U (en) * 2016-05-06 2016-11-30 西安恒达微波技术开发有限公司 A kind of for monopulse antenna and poor comparator
CN107464993A (en) * 2017-07-07 2017-12-12 东南大学 Integrated broadband minimizes and the monopulse antenna array of poor phase comparing network
CN109307868A (en) * 2018-09-20 2019-02-05 北京遥感设备研究所 A kind of pulse imaging system and method suitable for terahertz wave band
CN113206387A (en) * 2021-04-22 2021-08-03 电子科技大学 Wide-bandwidth terahertz quasi-optical sum-difference comparator

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
张龙: "亚毫米波准光单脉冲天馈的理论技术研究", 《中国优秀博士学位论文全文数据库》 *

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