CN113699638B - 一种具有集成电子电路功能的智能集成传感织物及其应用 - Google Patents

一种具有集成电子电路功能的智能集成传感织物及其应用 Download PDF

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CN113699638B
CN113699638B CN202110965628.5A CN202110965628A CN113699638B CN 113699638 B CN113699638 B CN 113699638B CN 202110965628 A CN202110965628 A CN 202110965628A CN 113699638 B CN113699638 B CN 113699638B
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intelligent
material layer
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CN113699638A (zh
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范兴
魏小菲
杨玉欣
张楠楠
项思维
骆新鑫
文倩
陶长元
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Chongqing University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种具有集成电子电路功能的智能集成传感织物，该织物由智能纤维Ⅰ、智能纤维Ⅱ、智能纤维Ⅲ和导电纤维经纬交错编织而成，智能纤维Ⅰ包括纤维基底，在纤维基底上间隔涂覆有一段传感功能材料层和一段PEDOT:PSS材料层，在传感功能材料层和PEDOT:PSS材料层之间以及传感功能材料层和PEDOT:PSS材料层的外端的纤维基底上分别涂覆有导电涂料层，导电涂料层与传感功能材料层和PEDOT:PSS材料层联通，智能纤维Ⅱ包括纤维基底，在纤维基底上涂覆一段PEDOT:PSS材料层，在PEDOT:PSS材料层的两端的纤维基底上涂覆导电涂料层；智能纤维Ⅲ包括纤维基底，在纤维基底上涂覆一层活性炭层，在活性炭层两端的纤维基底上涂覆导电涂料层。具有高贴合度、高舒适性、低成本且无需外嵌传感功能模块即可实现实时监测等特点。

Description

一种具有集成电子电路功能的智能集成传感织物及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及传感织物技术领域，具体涉及一种具有集成电子电路功能的智能集成传感织物及其应用。
背景技术
目前，印刷电路板(PCB)已被广泛认为是集成电子产品的构建块，但世界正在转向寻求将集成电子电路与纺织品相结合的新方法，以创建灵活的可穿戴设备。将电子功能材料真正集成到纺织品中，是实现未来可穿戴电子纺织品的必要途径。
织物电路面临的主要挑战之一是缺乏性能稳定、灵活性突出的基本纤维电子元件。目前高导电纤维和织物的弹性和延展性仍远低于可穿戴大规模电子纺织品电路的要求。另一个挑战是电子纺织品部件与其他织物和电子元件的封装、集成和连接问题。这些封装和电气连接应该是柔性的，灵活的，以及结实的，以便于在日常穿戴过程中可以实现耐摩擦，耐变形。电子纺织品希望能提供优异的机械性能和有效的电气连接，从而增强基于纤维电子元件的集成纺织品的整体使用寿命。
因此，研发一种具有高贴合度、高舒适性、低成本且无需外嵌传感功能模块即可实现实时监测等特点的智能集成功能电子织物，并且该集成织物能够通过简单的编织形成是本发明的重要思想。
发明内容
针对现有技术中所存在的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种具有集成电子电路功能的智能集成传感织物，从单一功能的纤维器件发展到一个完整的纺织系统，该系统可以完成包括信号转导、调节、逻辑判断和无线数据传输等任务。本发明还提供了这种传感织物的应用。
为实现上述第一目的，本发明采用了如下的技术方案：一种具有集成电子电路功能的智能集成传感织物，其特征在于：该织物由智能纤维Ⅰ、智能纤维Ⅱ、智能纤维Ⅲ和导电纤维经纬交错编织而成，
所述智能纤维Ⅰ包括纤维基底，在纤维基底上间隔涂覆有一段传感功能材料层和一段PEDOT:PSS材料层，在传感功能材料层和PEDOT:PSS材料层之间以及传感功能材料层和PEDOT:PSS材料层的外端的纤维基底上分别涂覆有导电涂料层，导电涂料层与传感功能材料层和PEDOT:PSS材料层联通，
所述智能纤维Ⅱ包括纤维基底，在纤维基底上涂覆一段PEDOT:PSS材料层，在PEDOT:PSS材料层的两端的纤维基底上涂覆导电涂料层；
所述智能纤维Ⅲ包括纤维基底，在纤维基底上涂覆一层活性炭层，在活性炭层两端的纤维基底上涂覆导电涂料层；
在编织时，智能纤维I的PEDOT:PSS材料层和智能纤维Ⅱ的PEDOT:PSS材料层的形成交织节点I，并在交织节点I处滴加电解质后封装；智能纤维Ⅲ的其中一端的导电涂料层和智能纤维Ⅰ中传感功能材料层、PEDOT:PSS材料层之间的导电涂料层形成交织节点Ⅱ；智能纤维Ⅲ的另一端导电涂料层和智能纤维Ⅱ其中一端导电涂料层形成交织结点Ⅲ；智能纤维Ⅰ传感功能材料层和智能纤维Ⅱ的另一端导电涂层相连形成交织结点Ⅳ；所述交织结点Ⅲ和交织结点Ⅳ与为传感织物提供电能的电源织物混编。
本发明的织物的纤维基底可以为棉纤维、蚕丝纤维、涤纶纤维等常规用于编织衣物的纤维，在整个织物中，只要纤维上有一段为本发明的智能纤维Ⅰ、智能纤维Ⅱ、智能纤维Ⅲ也就是说整个织物中，只要有一部分是我们的传感织物，其余部分还可采用普通的棉纤维、蚕丝纤维、涤纶纤维等制作。
上述方案中，所述传感功能材料为PANI、AC/PVDF或CNT/PVA中的任意一种复合材料。
上述方案中，所述传感功能材料层、PEDOT:PSS材料层的长度均为1-5cm。导电涂料层的长度没有要求，其长度只要能方便形成交织结点即可。
上述方案中，所述活性炭层的阻值为1kΩ-50KΩ。活性炭可反复涂覆多次，直到阻值为1kΩ-50KΩ即可。
上述方案中，所述导电纤维为金属丝、碳纤维、导电高分子纤维，以及表面包覆金属、导电高分子、导电氧化物、炭黑、碳纳米管或石墨烯的高分子纤维，所述纤维基底为棉纤维、蚕丝纤维、涤纶纤维、PBT导线中的一种。只要能导电即可。
上述方案中，所述导电涂料中含有金属或导电高分子或导电氧化物或炭黑或碳纳米管或石墨烯或石墨炔的颗粒。只要是能导电的涂料即可。
上述方案中，所述电源织物为电池织物或光伏织物。电池织物和光伏织物均为现有技术，与交织结点Ⅲ和交织结点Ⅳ编织后为整个传感织物提供电源。
上述方案中，编织方法为：将智能纤维Ⅰ、智能纤维Ⅱ、智能纤维Ⅲ、导电纤维分别作为经线和纬线固定在梭织机上，其中，经线的一端固定在梭织机的综框上，使所有经线可以交替上下倾斜，形成夹口；纬线的一端固定在梭子上，以便引导穿过经线的夹口，在编织过程中，首先，纬线在梭子牵引下穿过经线的夹口，并确保纬线与经线上的交织节点I、交织节点Ⅱ、交织结点Ⅲ、交织结点Ⅳ对应的位置能一一对齐；然后，经线交替改变倾斜方向，并夹住纬线；重复这一过程直至形成织物；最后，在交织节点I处滴加电解质后封装。纬线通过经线的夹口固定，这样能更好的固定，保证结实。
所述的具有集成电子电路功能的智能集成传感织物在监测佩戴者运动情况、汗液pH、环境湿度上的应用。
当传感功能材料为AC/PVDF，可用于检测佩戴者的运动情况；当传感功能材料为PANI可用于检测汗液pH,预测人体在运动中的脱水情况；当传感功能材料为CNT/PVA时，可用于监测环境湿度。
当传感功能材料为AC/PVDF，可用于检测佩戴者的运动情况，这是因为随着拉伸率的增大体系的电阻增大，随着拉伸率的增大，活性炭导电网络被分散开来，从而导致导电路径分散，电流减小，电阻增大。从而将电阻的变换转换为电路中的电压信号进行集成。
传感功能材料为PANI可用于检测汗液pH,预测人体在运动中的脱水情况是因为由于PANI有独特的质子酸掺杂机制，对H+有明显的响应，pH越大体系的电阻越大，将电阻的变换转换为电路中的电压信号进行集成。
当传感功能材料为CNT/PVA时，可用于监测环境湿度是因为PVA是吸水溶胀性的亲水聚合物，CNT可以形成导电网络，PVA分子作为相对较低的导电基体包裹在CNT表面。当湿度上升时，PVA将水分子吸附到纤维上，使得PVA分子部分膨胀，间距变大，导电网络被调制，使得整个体系电阻变大。从而将电阻的变换转换为电路中的电压信号进行集成。
使用时，智能传感织物中的交织节点4处可以与不同的无线传输模块相连接，实现无线不间断的信号传输从而对人们进行反馈和提醒，也可以与电脑、手机、警报器、蜂鸣器等信号提醒装置连接进行监测和预报
有益效果：本发明是具有高贴合度、高舒适性、低成本且无需外嵌传感功能模块即可实现实时监测等特点的智能集成功能电子织物，并且该集成织物能够通过简单的编织形成，本发明从单一功能的纤维器件发展到一个完整的纺织系统，该系统可以完成包括信号转导、调节、逻辑判断和无线数据传输等任务。整个系统的制造采用了一种不同的纺织织造策略，与日常穿着的面料几乎相同的外观。
附图说明
图1为三种不同的智能纤维示意图。
图2传感织物织造过程图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明：
实施例1
具有集成电子电路功能的智能集成传感织物由智能纤维Ⅰ、智能纤维Ⅱ、智能纤维Ⅲ和导电纤维经纬交错编织而成，然后与能源织物混编。
智能纤维Ⅰ包括纤维基底，在纤维基底上间隔涂覆有一段传感功能材料层和一段PEDOT:PSS材料层，在传感功能材料层和PEDOT:PSS材料层之间以及传感功能材料层和PEDOT:PSS材料层的外端的纤维基底上分别涂覆有导电涂料层，导电涂料层3与传感功能材料层1和PEDOT:PSS(聚3,4-乙烯二氢噻吩/聚苯乙烯磺酸盐)材料层2联通。所述传感功能材料为PANI(聚苯胺)、AC/PVDF(活性炭聚偏氟乙烯)或CNT/PVA(碳纳米管/聚乙二醇)中的任意一种复合材料。传感功能材料层、PEDOT:PSS材料层的长度均为1-5cm。导电涂料层的长度没有要求，只要在编织时方便形成交织节点即可。CNT/PVA优选为MWCNTs/PVA，即羟基化多壁碳纳米管/聚乙二醇。所述纤维基底为棉纤维、蚕丝纤维、涤纶纤维、PBT导线中的一种。也可以为其它纺织纤维。
智能纤维Ⅱ包括纤维基底，在纤维基底上涂覆一段PEDOT:PSS材料层，在PEDOT:PSS材料层的两端的纤维基底上涂覆导电涂料层，PEDOT:PSS材料层的长度均为1-5cm，导电涂料层的长度没有要求，只要在编织时方便形成交织节点即可。
所述智能纤维Ⅲ包括纤维基底，在纤维基底上涂覆一层活性炭层4，在活性炭层两端的纤维基底上涂覆导电涂料层。活性炭可反复涂覆多次，直到阻值为1kΩ-50KΩ即可。
在编织时，智能纤维I的PEDOT:PSS材料层和智能纤维Ⅱ的PEDOT:PSS材料层的形成交织节点I，并在交织节点I处滴加电解质后封装；智能纤维Ⅲ的其中一端的导电涂料层与智能纤维Ⅰ中传感功能材料层和PEDOT:PSS材料层之间的导电涂料层形成交织节点Ⅱ；智能纤维Ⅲ的另一端导电涂料层和智能纤维Ⅱ其中一端导电涂料层形成交织结点Ⅲ；智能纤维Ⅰ传感功能材料层和智能纤维Ⅱ的另一端导电涂层相连形成交织结点Ⅳ；所述交织结点Ⅲ和交织结点Ⅳ与为传感织物提供电能的电源织物混编。
具体的将智能纤维Ⅰ、智能纤维Ⅱ、智能纤维Ⅲ、导电纤维分别作为经线和纬线固定在梭织机上，其中，经线的一端固定在梭织机的综框上，使所有经线可以交替上下倾斜，形成夹口；纬线的一端固定在梭子上，以便引导穿过经线的夹口，在编织过程中，首先，纬线在梭子牵引下穿过经线的夹口，并确保纬线与经线上的交织节点I、交织节点Ⅱ、交织结点Ⅲ、交织结点Ⅳ对应的位置能一一对齐；然后，经线交替改变倾斜方向，并夹住纬线；重复这一过程直至形成织物；最后，在交织节点I处滴加电解质后封装。
导电纤维为金属丝、碳纤维、导电高分子纤维，以及表面包覆金属、导电高分子、导电氧化物、炭黑、碳纳米管或石墨烯的高分子纤维，只要能导电均可。所述导电涂料中含有金属或导电高分子或导电氧化物或炭黑或碳纳米管或石墨烯或石墨炔的颗粒。只要该涂料能导电均可。电源织物为电池织物或光伏织物。
应用例1——智能集成传感织物用于监测人体运动
通过监测特殊人群(如老人、康复病人、残疾人等)在运动过程中运动程度的大小，可以及时将信息反馈给医生/家人。智能纤维Ⅰ中传感功能材料层选择AC/PVDF，具体的器件组装方式如下：首先，使用浸涂提拉法在弹性棉线上涂覆AC/PVDF层，然后，PEDOT:PSS层被涂覆在弹性棉线层的另一个位置。第三，在AC/PVDF层、PEDOT:PSS层之间的弹性棉线上涂覆三次MWCNTs(导电涂料)作为导电端。在AC/PVDF层另一端的弹性棉线上涂覆三次MWCNTs(导电涂料)作为导电端。将上述PEDOT:PSS层另一端的弹性棉线上涂覆三次MWCNTs作为导电端。
按照实施例1制作智能纤维Ⅱ和智能纤维Ⅲ。按照实施例1的编织方法编织成织物。电子织物需要将交织节点Ⅲ，Ⅳ与另一块电源织物进行混合编织即可实现对人体运动程度的监测。
实施例2——智能集成传感织物用于监测人体汗液
通过监测汗液中的pH值，可以预测人体在运动中的脱水情况，并将信息传输到终端。智能纤维Ⅰ中传感功能涂层选择PANI，具体的器件组装方式如下：首先，使用溶胶凝胶法在PBT导线上合成聚苯胺层，然后，PEDOT:PSS层被涂覆在PBT导线另一个位置。在聚苯胺层和PEDOT:PSS层之间的PBT导线上涂覆三次MWCNTs作为导电端，在聚苯胺层另一端的弹性棉线上涂覆三次MWCNTs作为导电端。在PEDOT:PSS层另一端的弹性棉线上涂覆三次MWCNTs作为导电端。
按照实施例1制作智能纤维Ⅱ和智能纤维Ⅲ。按照实施例1的编织方法编织成织物。电子织物需要将交织节点Ⅲ，Ⅳ与另一块电源织物进行混合编织即可实现对人体汗液中pH的监测。
实施例3——智能集成传感织物用于监测环境湿度
通过监测环境湿度的变化，可以随时提示人们所处环境的湿度是否正常。智能纤维Ⅰ中传感功能涂层选择PVA/CNT，具体的器件组装方式如下：首先，使用浸涂提拉法在棉线上涂覆PVA/CNT层，然后，PEDOT:PSS层被涂覆在棉线层的另一个位置。在PEDOT:PSS层和PVA/CNT层之间的棉线上涂覆三次MWCNTs作为导电端。在PVA/CNT层另一端的棉线上涂覆三次MWCNTs作为导电端，在PEDOT:PSS层另一端的棉线上涂覆三次MWCNTs作为导电端。
按照实施例1制作智能纤维Ⅱ和智能纤维Ⅲ。按照实施例1的编织方法编织成织物。电子织物需要将交织节点Ⅲ，Ⅳ与另一块电源织物进行混合编织即可实现对环境湿度的监测。
最后说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的宗旨和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (8)

1.一种具有集成电子电路功能的智能集成传感织物，其特征在于：该织物由智能纤维Ⅰ、智能纤维Ⅱ、智能纤维Ⅲ和导电纤维经纬交错编织而成，
所述智能纤维Ⅰ包括纤维基底，在纤维基底上间隔涂覆有一段传感功能材料层和一段PEDOT:PSS材料层，在传感功能材料层和PEDOT:PSS材料层之间以及传感功能材料层和PEDOT:PSS材料层的外端的纤维基底上分别涂覆有导电涂料层，导电涂料层与传感功能材料层和PEDOT:PSS材料层联通；所述导电涂料中含有导电氧化物或炭黑或碳纳米管或石墨烯或石墨炔的颗粒；
所述智能纤维Ⅱ包括纤维基底，在纤维基底上涂覆一段PEDOT:PSS材料层，在PEDOT:PSS材料层的两端的纤维基底上涂覆导电涂料层；
所述智能纤维Ⅲ包括纤维基底，在纤维基底上涂覆一层活性炭层，在活性炭层两端的纤维基底上涂覆导电涂料层；
在编织时，智能纤维I的PEDOT:PSS材料层和智能纤维Ⅱ的PEDOT: PSS材料层的形成交织节点I，并在交织节点I处滴加电解质后封装；智能纤维Ⅲ的其中一端的导电涂料层与智能纤维Ⅰ中传感功能材料层和PEDOT:PSS材料层之间的导电涂料层形成交织节点Ⅱ；智能纤维Ⅲ的另一端导电涂料层和智能纤维Ⅱ其中一端导电涂料层形成交织结点Ⅲ；智能纤维Ⅰ传感功能材料层和智能纤维Ⅱ的另一端导电涂层相连形成交织结点Ⅳ；所述交织结点Ⅲ和交织结点Ⅳ与为传感织物提供电能的电源织物混编；所述传感功能材料为PANI、AC/PVDF或CNT/PVA中的任意一种复合材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述具有集成电子电路功能的智能集成传感织物，其特征在于：所述传感功能材料层、PEDOT:PSS材料层的长度均为1-5cm。
3.根据权利要求2所述具有集成电子电路功能的智能集成传感织物，其特征在于：所述活性炭层的阻值为1kΩ-50KΩ。
4.根据权利要求3所述具有集成电子电路功能的智能集成传感织物，其特征在于：所述导电纤维为金属丝、碳纤维、导电高分子纤维，以及表面包覆导电高分子、导电氧化物、炭黑、碳纳米管或石墨烯的高分子纤维，所述纤维基底为棉纤维、蚕丝纤维、涤纶纤维、PBT导线中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述具有集成电子电路功能的智能集成传感织物，其特征在于：所述电源织物为电池织物或光伏织物。
6.根据权利要求1所述具有集成电子电路功能的智能集成传感织物，其特征在于，编织方法为：将智能纤维Ⅰ、智能纤维Ⅱ、智能纤维Ⅲ、导电纤维分别作为经线和纬线固定在梭织机上，其中，经线的一端固定在梭织机的综框上，使所有经线可以交替上下倾斜，形成夹口；纬线的一端固定在梭子上，以便引导穿过经线的夹口，在编织过程中，首先，纬线在梭子牵引下穿过经线的夹口，并确保纬线与经线上的交织节点I、交织节点Ⅱ、交织结点Ⅲ、交织结点Ⅳ对应的位置能一一对齐；然后，经线交替改变倾斜方向，并夹住纬线；重复这一过程直至形成织物；最后，在交织节点I处滴加电解质后封装。
7.权利要求1-6任一项所述的具有集成电子电路功能的智能集成传感织物在监测佩戴者运动情况、汗液pH、环境湿度上的应用。
8.根据权利要求7所述具有集成电子电路功能的智能集成传感织物在监测佩戴者运动情况、汗液pH、环境湿度上的应用，当传感功能材料为AC/PVDF，可用于检测佩戴者的运动情况；当传感功能材料为PANI可用于检测汗液pH,预测人体在运动中的脱水情况；当传感功能材料为CNT/PVA时，可用于监测环境湿度。
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