CN113699616B - Preparation and application methods of electret material for biodegradable plastic - Google Patents

Preparation and application methods of electret material for biodegradable plastic Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113699616B
CN113699616B CN202111012037.2A CN202111012037A CN113699616B CN 113699616 B CN113699616 B CN 113699616B CN 202111012037 A CN202111012037 A CN 202111012037A CN 113699616 B CN113699616 B CN 113699616B
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carbon nitride
electret
melt
biodegradable plastic
electret material
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CN113699616A (en
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张利刚
田洪池
陈奇
陈军
徐雪梅
杨书海
郝艳平
刘相璞
王凡
刘杨
左振杰
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Kpic Dawn Polymer Shanghai Co ltd
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/88Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
    • D01F6/92Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyesters
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10Other agents for modifying properties
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/542Adhesive fibres
    • D04H1/55Polyesters
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/56Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving in association with fibre formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion of staple fibres

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The preparation of the electret material used for the biodegradable plastic adopts carbon nitride and inorganic acid as raw materials, and the preparation process of the electret material comprises the following steps of A: preparing a carbon nitride material; b: preparing an inorganic acid aqueous solution and a carbon nitride material, stirring, uniformly mixing, transferring into an oven, preserving heat, and cooling to room temperature: c: filtering the reaction liquid of the carbon nitride material, washing for multiple times, and drying to obtain the surface modified carbon nitride electret material. The application method of the electret material used by the biodegradable plastic comprises the following steps of A: preparing surface acidified carbon nitride electret master batches; b: and mixing the electret master batch with biodegradable plastic in proportion to generate melt-blown cloth. The invention prevents the electret material from separating out from the biodegradable plastic during melt blowing, has low cost, can effectively store electrostatic charge, prolongs the charge retention time in the melt blowing cloth, can achieve higher electret effect with less consumption, and can effectively improve the filter effect when being applied to terminals.

Description

Preparation and application methods of electret material for biodegradable plastic
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preparation and application methods of melt-blown cloth production raw materials, in particular to a preparation and application method of a electret material for biodegradable plastics.
Background
The non-woven fiber cloth produced by the melt blowing method is formed by adopting polymer slices such as degradable resin (including biodegradable plastic) with high melt flow rate, heating the polymer slices by an extruder to form flowing polymer high-temperature melt, then spraying the melt from a spinneret orifice of the extruder to form spinning trickles, clamping the high-temperature melt trickles by high-speed hot air flow on two sides of the extruder, drawing and stretching the high-temperature melt trickles to form superfine fiber forms, then gathering the superfine fiber forms on a matched receiving device to form a net-shaped structure, and mutually bonding the fibers into a non-woven fabric state by utilizing waste heat of which the melt is not completely cooled to obtain a finished product. When the melt-blown nonwoven fabric is used in mechanical filtration, the gram weight of the nonwoven fabric (i.e., the weight of the fibers in a unit area) needs to be greatly increased in order to achieve high filtration efficiency, however, an excessive weight of the fibers in a unit area causes large air resistance, and thus the filtration effect is reduced. In order to reduce air resistance, electret materials are generally added to be dispersed into polymer raw materials for non-woven fabric production in a certain mode, the electret materials induce polymer fibers to generate polarization under the action of a high-voltage electric field during production, after the electric field is removed, polarization charges stored in the fibers are not lost, and the melt-blown non-woven fabric can achieve higher filtration effect under the action of static electricity and under the condition of the same gram weight and air resistance.
Electret materials refer to functional materials that can store charge for a long period of time and maintain a polarized state. Common electret materials are classified into inorganic and organic, wherein the inorganic electret materials comprise tourmaline, magnetizer, partial ceramic material, inorganic silicon and the like, and the organic electret materials comprise natural wax, resin, rosin, organic glass and high molecular polymers such as polycarbonate, polytetrafluoroethylene, poly (perfluoroethylene-propylene), polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester and the like. Compared with organic electret materials, the inorganic electret materials are relatively deficient in variety, poor in application effect and high in cost, so that the organic electret materials are mainly adopted in the industry at present. However, the organic electret materials have a serious performance problem, namely serious stored charge decay, which is also a key factor for restricting the development of the melt-blown non-woven fabrics industry.
At present, the electret material used for producing the non-woven fabric is realized by preparing an electret master batch. In the preparation of the electret master batch, the dispersion of the electret material and the binding property of the electret material with the raw material resin for preparing the nonwoven fabric become key (determining the subsequent charge storage property). At present, the master batch preparation of the organic electret material has the following defects due to technical limitations: taking polytetrafluoroethylene as an electret of a base resin as an example, adopting a polytetrafluoroethylene coating layer formed by an emulsion impregnation method, wherein the coating fastness is difficult to ensure due to the characteristics of chemical inertness, non-polarity and the like; however, it is difficult to extend the electrostatic decay period of the filter material to a greater extent by virtue of the superhydrophobic property alone. In the prior art, tourmaline is taken as a natural inorganic mineral as an example, and the content of each component in tourmaline in different batches and different production places is greatly different, so that professional detection is required to be carried out on the components before the tourmaline is used, the electret scheme is regulated according to the detection result, the production efficiency is obviously reduced, the detection cost of enterprises is increased, and the difference exists between products in each batch due to the regulation of the electret scheme, so that the quality of the products is unstable.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects that the existing organic electret material used for producing the non-woven fabric is unstable in product quality due to the fact that the material and the preparation process are defective, and the detection cost of enterprises is increased by the inorganic electret material, the invention provides the preparation and application method of the electret material used for the biodegradable plastic, which is based on the powdery carbon nitride material and the inorganic acid as raw materials, can be firmly combined with the reactivity of the biodegradable plastic when the non-woven fabric is produced, can effectively inhibit the phenomenon that the electret material is separated out due to the fact that the electret material is not firmly combined with the resin (the biodegradable plastic), can effectively store electrostatic charges, can prolong the charge retention time in melt-blown fabric, can achieve higher electret effect with little consumption, reduces the air resistance of the same gram weight of the non-woven fabric product, and can achieve higher filtering efficiency.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the preparation of the electret material used for the biodegradable plastic is characterized in that the preparation of the electret material adopts carbon nitride and inorganic acid as raw materials, the preparation process of the electret material is as follows, A: weighing nitrogen-rich precursors, transferring the nitrogen-rich precursors into a crucible, placing the crucible in a muffle furnace for high-temperature calcination, cooling to room temperature, and grinding to obtain a light yellow powdery carbon nitride material, wherein the yield of carbon nitride is 40% -60% according to different calcination temperatures; b: preparing an inorganic acid aqueous solution, transferring the inorganic acid aqueous solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, adding a powdery carbon nitride material, fully stirring and uniformly mixing, transferring into an oven, preserving heat, and cooling to room temperature, wherein the inorganic acid comprises one of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and phosphoric acid which are commonly used inorganic acids, the concentration of the inorganic acid aqueous solution is 0.5mol// L-5 mol/L, the hydrothermal temperature is 50-200 ℃, and the hydrothermal time is 0.5-4 h; c: filtering, washing and drying the powdered carbon nitride material reaction liquid after the hydrothermal reaction for multiple times to obtain the surface modified carbon nitride electret material, wherein the yield of carbon nitride is 20-50% according to the different types of acid and the different hydrothermal temperatures.
Further, the nitrogen-rich precursor includes urea, and the melamine includes cyanamide such as dicyandiamide, dicyandiamide and melamine.
Further, the high-temperature calcination temperature is 400-600 ℃, preferably 550 ℃, the calcination time is 0.5-4 h, preferably 2h, and the gas in the muffle furnace is air.
Further, the weighed nitrogen-rich precursor is preferably 100g dicyandiamide, and about 50g light yellow powdery carbon nitride material is obtained.
Further, the inorganic acid aqueous solution is 1mol// L sulfuric acid aqueous solution, the powdered carbon nitride material is 50g, the temperature is kept in a 100 ℃ oven for 2 hours, and then the carbon nitride material is cooled to room temperature, and the obtained surface modified carbon nitride electret material is 20g, and the yield is about 40%.
A method for applying a electret material used for biodegradable plastic is characterized by comprising the following steps that A, a double-screw extruder is used for mixing the dried biodegradable plastic used as a non-woven fabric production raw material with a surface-modified carbon nitride electret material in proportion and extruding the mixture to obtain surface-acidified carbon nitride electret master batches; b: mixing the surface acidified carbon nitride electret master batch with biodegradable plastic in proportion, and carrying out melt-blown cloth processing forming through melt-blown equipment to obtain a melt-blown cloth finished product containing the carbon nitride electret master batch.
Further, the mixing ratio of the biodegradable plastic to the surface modified carbon nitride electret material is 100:2-100:20, preferably 100:12; the mixing ratio of the surface acidified carbon nitride electret master batch and the biodegradable plastic melt-blown is 100:0.05-100:2, preferably 100:1.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention is based on powdery carbon nitride material and inorganic acid as raw materials, adopts inorganic acid activation to increase the number of carboxyl groups on the surface of the carbon nitride material, is favorable for the esterification reaction of modified carbon nitride and hydroxyl groups on the end of degradable resin (biodegradable plastic), promotes the interfacial bonding of the carbon nitride-containing electret master batch electret material and a resin matrix, improves the dispersion and bonding capability of the electret material in the resin, and effectively prevents the deposition from the biodegradable plastic during melt-blowing of the electret material. The invention has low cost, can effectively store electrostatic charge as a electret material, prolongs the retention time of the charge in the melt-blown cloth, reduces the air resistance of the same gram weight of the non-woven fabric product, can achieve higher electret effect with little consumption, and can effectively improve the filtration efficiency when being applied to terminals. Based on the above, the invention has good application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of the preparation of a electret material for use in the biodegradable plastic of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of a micro carbon nitride electret according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the tensile stress-strain force contrast curve of a composite obtained by melt blending a raw material-purified polylactic acid resin produced by a nonwoven fabric of the present invention and a carbon nitride electret prepared by the present application.
Detailed Description
In fig. 1, the preparation of the electret material used in the biodegradable plastic is carried out by taking carbon nitride and inorganic acid as raw materials, and the preparation process of the electret material is as follows, A: and (3) weighing the nitrogen-rich precursor, transferring the nitrogen-rich precursor into a crucible, placing the crucible in a muffle furnace, calcining at high temperature, cooling to room temperature, and grinding to obtain the light yellow powdery carbon nitride material. According to different calcining temperatures, the yield of the carbon nitride is 40% -60%; b: and transferring the prepared inorganic acid aqueous solution into a polytetrafluoroethylene-lined hydrothermal reaction kettle, adding the powdery carbon nitride material, fully stirring, uniformly mixing, transferring into a baking oven, preserving heat, and cooling to room temperature. Wherein the inorganic acid comprises one of common inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, the concentration of the inorganic acid aqueous solution is 0.5 mol/L-5 mol/L, the hydrothermal temperature is 50-200 ℃, and the hydrothermal time is 0.5-4 h; c: filtering the powdered carbon nitride material reaction solution after the hydrothermal reaction, washing for multiple times, and drying to obtain the surface modified carbon nitride electret material. The yield of the carbon nitride is 20-50% according to the different acid types and the different hydrothermal temperatures. Nitrogen-rich precursors include urea, and cyanamides including, for example, mono-cyanamide, dicyandiamide, melamine, and the like. The high-temperature calcination temperature is 400-600 ℃, preferably 550 ℃, the calcination time is 0.5-4 h, preferably 2h, and the gas in the muffle furnace is air. The weighed nitrogen-rich precursor is preferably 100g dicyandiamide, and about 50g light yellow powdery carbon nitride material is obtained. The inorganic acid aqueous solution is 1mol// L sulfuric acid aqueous solution, the powdered carbon nitride material is 50g, the temperature is kept in a 100 ℃ oven for 2 hours, and then the obtained surface modified carbon nitride electret material is 20g, and the yield is about 40%.
The application method of the electret material for the biodegradable plastic shown in the figure 1 comprises the following steps that A, the biodegradable plastic used as the raw material for producing the non-woven fabric and subjected to drying treatment is mixed with the surface modified carbon nitride electret material in proportion by a double-screw extruder, and extruded to obtain the surface acidified carbon nitride electret master batch; b: mixing the surface acidified carbon nitride electret master batch with biodegradable plastic in proportion, and carrying out melt-blown cloth processing forming through melt-blown equipment to obtain a melt-blown cloth finished product containing the carbon nitride electret master batch. The mixing ratio of the biodegradable plastic and the surface modified carbon nitride electret material is 100:2-100:20, preferably 100:12; the mixing ratio of the surface acidified carbon nitride electret master batch and the biodegradable plastic melt-blown is 100:0.05-100:2, preferably 100:1.
The invention is based on powdered carbon nitride material and inorganic acid as raw materials, as shown in fig. 1. As can be seen from fig. 2, the present invention adopts inorganic acid to activate carbon nitride material to increase the number of carboxyl groups on the surface, and the prepared surface acidified carbon nitride electret master batch is favorable for esterification reaction with hydroxyl groups on the end of degradable resin (degradable plastic) of non-woven fabric production raw material, and promotes interfacial bonding and dispersion capability of the electret material and resin matrix (the carbon nitride material has a two-dimensional layered structure, and the specific surface area of the carbon nitride material can be obviously increased by acid treatment), so that the deposition of the electret material from matrix plastic during melt-blown fabric production can be effectively prevented. The raw materials for preparing the carbon nitride material have wide sources and low cost, reduce the production cost and facilitate the popularization of the technology. According to the surface acidification carbon nitride electret master batch with the two-dimensional layered structure, interlayer stripping of carbon nitride can be achieved under the acid-water heating condition, the increased specific surface area is beneficial to further improving the adsorption effect of the carbon nitride, electrostatic charges can be effectively stored as an electret material used for non-woven fabric production, the retention timeliness of the charges in melt-blown fabric is prolonged, the air resistance of the non-woven fabric product with the same gram weight is reduced, and the effect of high electret effect can be effectively improved by using a small amount of the carbon nitride.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the tensile stress-strain force contrast curve of a composite obtained by melt blending a raw material-purified polylactic acid resin produced by a nonwoven fabric of the present invention and a carbon nitride electret prepared by the present application. As can be seen from fig. 3, after the surface acidified carbon nitride electret material is added, the toughness and ductility of the polylactic acid resin are remarkably improved. In fig. 3, 1 is a pure polylactic acid resin, and 2 is a polylactic acid resin to which surface-acidified carbon nitride master batch is added. The following table is a comparison of the filtration efficiency data of the pure polylactic acid resin and the polylactic acid resin added with 1% of the surface acidified carbon nitride electret master batch of the present application (as can be seen from the table, the filtration efficiency of the composite material after the addition of the surface acidified carbon nitride electret master batch is far greater than that of the pure polylactic acid resin for producing the nonwoven fabric).
Figure BDA0003239316340000051
Test conditions: the air flow rate is 32.1L/min, and the air resistance is 0.2Pa.
While the fundamental and principal features of the invention and advantages of the invention have been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, and that the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, the embodiments do not include only a single embodiment, and this description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should consider the disclosure as a whole, and embodiments may be suitably combined to form other embodiments that will be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims (2)

1. The application method of the electret material used by the biodegradable plastic is characterized in that the preparation process of the electret material comprises the following steps: weighing a nitrogen-rich precursor, transferring the nitrogen-rich precursor into a crucible, placing the crucible in a muffle furnace, calcining at high temperature, cooling to room temperature, and grinding to obtain a yellowish powdery carbon nitride material, wherein the yield of carbon nitride is 40% -60%; the high-temperature calcination temperature is 400-600 ℃, the calcination time is 0.5-4 h, and the gas in the muffle furnace is air;
b: preparing an inorganic acid aqueous solution, transferring the inorganic acid aqueous solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, adding a powdery carbon nitride material, fully stirring and uniformly mixing the mixture, transferring the mixture into an oven, preserving heat, and cooling the mixture to room temperature, wherein the inorganic acid is one of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and phosphoric acid, the concentration of the inorganic acid aqueous solution is 0.5-5 mol/L, the hydrothermal temperature is 50-200 ℃, and the hydrothermal time is 0.5-4 h;
c: filtering, washing and drying the powdered carbon nitride material reaction liquid after the hydrothermal reaction for multiple times to obtain the surface modified carbon nitride electret material, wherein the yield of carbon nitride is 20% -50%; the nitrogen-rich precursor comprises urea and cyanamide substances, wherein the cyanamide substances are cyanamide, dicyandiamide and melamine;
the application method comprises the following steps of (1) blending and extruding the polylactic acid resin subjected to drying treatment with a surface modified carbon nitride electret material by utilizing a double-screw extruder according to a proportion to obtain surface acidified carbon nitride electret master batches, wherein the mixing proportion of the polylactic acid resin and the surface modified carbon nitride electret material is 100:2-100:20;
(2): mixing the surface acidified carbon nitride electret master batch with polylactic acid resin according to a proportion, and carrying out melt-blowing processing molding by using melt-blowing equipment to obtain a melt-blowing finished product containing the carbon nitride electret master batch, wherein the melt-blowing mixing proportion of the surface acidified carbon nitride electret master batch and the polylactic acid resin is 100:1-100:2.
2. The method for applying a electret material for biodegradable plastic according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the mixing ratio of the polylactic acid resin and the surface-modified carbon nitride electret material is 100:12; in the step (2), the melt-blowing mixing ratio of the surface acidified carbon nitride electret master batch and the polylactic acid resin is 100:1, and in the step A, the high-temperature calcination time is 2h, and the high-temperature calcination temperature is 550 ℃.
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