CN113699435A - Wear-resistant high-strength cylinder sleeve and casting process thereof - Google Patents
Wear-resistant high-strength cylinder sleeve and casting process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113699435A CN113699435A CN202110990561.0A CN202110990561A CN113699435A CN 113699435 A CN113699435 A CN 113699435A CN 202110990561 A CN202110990561 A CN 202110990561A CN 113699435 A CN113699435 A CN 113699435A
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HMXCSHJQBPUTDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mo].[Cu].[Ni] Chemical compound [Mo].[Cu].[Ni] HMXCSHJQBPUTDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
- C22C37/08—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium with nickel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
- B22D13/02—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force of elongated solid or hollow bodies, e.g. pipes, in moulds rotating around their longitudinal axis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/004—Cylinder liners
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a wear-resistant high-strength cylinder sleeve and a casting process thereof, belonging to the technical field of manufacturing of automobile parts, wherein the cylinder sleeve comprises the following raw materials in percentage: c: 3.0-3.4%, Si: 1.8-2.4%, Mn: 0.4-0.7%, P: less than or equal to 0.15 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.06 percent, Cr: 0.2-0.4%, Mo: 0.3-0.6%, Ni: 0.4-0.8 percent of Fe, and the balance of Fe, wherein the casting process comprises the working procedures of proportioning, smelting, casting, cooling, heat preservation, detection and machining, the matrix of the cylinder sleeve prepared by the invention mainly comprises A-type graphite and D-type graphite, wherein the D-type graphite is not less than 20 percent, bainite in the structure reaches more than 35 percent, the hardness reaches 350HB, the tensile strength reaches 420MPa, and the cylinder sleeve has excellent wear resistance and higher strength.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of manufacturing of automobile parts, and particularly relates to a wear-resistant high-strength cylinder sleeve and a casting process thereof.
Background
The cylinder jacket is one of the core parts of engine, and present cylinder jacket material is mostly ordinary grey cast iron or low alloy cast iron, and wherein the majority is the pearlite base member, along with the needs of internal-combustion engine development, the requirement to high performance cylinder jacket increases day by day in the trade, and the cylinder jacket that traditional material and production technology produced is difficult to satisfy the market demand, consequently, mainly rely on reducing carbon equivalent and alloy among the prior art and reinforce the requirement of satisfying intensity and wearability, common material of cast iron cylinder jacket in the present market has: medium-phosphorus cast iron, boron cast iron, high-phosphorus cast iron and molybdenum-nickel-copper bainite cast iron, wherein the boron cast iron has good wear resistance, and a cylinder sleeve of a bainite matrix has higher strength but higher cost. The cylinder sleeve which is low in cost and superior to the existing product in wear resistance and strength is urgently needed to meet the development requirement of the internal combustion engine industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical problems mentioned in the background art, the invention aims to provide a wear-resistant high-strength cylinder liner and a casting process thereof.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a wear-resistant high-strength cylinder sleeve comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
c: 3.0-3.4%, Si: 1.8-2.4%, Mn: 0.4-0.7%, P: less than or equal to 0.15 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.06 percent, Cr: 0.2-0.4%, Mo: 0.3-0.6%, Ni: 0.4-0.8% and the balance Fe.
A casting process of a wear-resistant high-strength cylinder sleeve comprises the following steps:
preparing materials: mixing the raw materials according to the weight percentage to prepare a batch mixture;
smelting: putting the batch mixture into a smelting furnace, smelting to 1520-;
casting: coating a coating on the inner wall of the mold, preheating the mold to 220 ℃ for 180-;
and (3) rapid cooling: cooling the casting to below 760 ℃ along with the mold, and blowing air to cool to room temperature after demolding to obtain a blank;
annealing: placing the blank in a heating furnace, heating to 550-580 ℃, preserving heat for 4-6h, and then discharging from the furnace and air-cooling to room temperature to obtain a blank;
and (3) detection: extracting the blank to perform mechanical property test and metallographic structure observation;
machining: and carrying out post-processing treatment on the qualified blank to obtain the cylinder sleeve.
Furthermore, in the smelting process, the inoculant is 75# ferrosilicon, and the addition amount of the inoculant is 0.3-0.6% of the total mass of the batch.
Furthermore, in the casting process, the coating is a quartz powder coating, and the coating thickness of the coating is 0.8-1.2 mm.
Furthermore, in the casting process, a plurality of cooling corrugations are arranged on the outer circular surface of the mold.
Furthermore, in the casting process, the tapping temperature of molten iron is not lower than 1480 ℃ during casting, and the casting time is not longer than 2 min.
Furthermore, in the rapid cooling process, when the casting is cooled along with the mold, the temperature is reduced by spraying, and the solidification speed of the casting is controlled to be 35-55 ℃/s.
Further, post-processing treatment comprises boring, turning and honing.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a wear-resistant high-strength cylinder sleeve, which is prepared by reasonable formula design and casting process parameter setting, wherein the prepared cylinder sleeve material mainly comprises A-type graphite and D-type graphite, wherein the D-type graphite is not less than 20%, bainite in the structure reaches more than 35%, the hardness reaches 350HB, the tensile strength reaches 420MPa, and the cylinder sleeve material has excellent strength and wear resistance.
According to the invention, the cooling corrugations are arranged on the outer circular surface of the mold, heat exchange is accelerated in the cooling process, and spray cooling is matched, so that the solidification speed of a casting reaches 35-55 ℃/s, bainite transformation is accelerated, and compared with a bainite cylinder sleeve in the prior art, the consumption of Mo and Ni is reduced and the production cost is reduced under the condition of keeping high wear resistance and high strength.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment prepares a wear-resisting high strength cylinder jacket, and the specific process is as follows:
the wear-resistant high-strength cylinder sleeve comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
c: 3.0%, Si: 2.4%, Mn: 0.4%, P: 0.13%, S: 0.05%, Cr: 0.2%, Mo: 0.3%, Ni: 0.4 percent and the balance of Fe.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
preparing materials: mixing the raw materials according to the weight percentage to prepare a batch mixture;
smelting: putting the batch mixture into a smelting furnace, smelting to 1520 ℃, preserving heat for 5min, adding a 75# ferrosilicon inoculant accounting for 0.3 percent of the total mass of the batch mixture for inoculation treatment, and preparing molten iron;
casting: coating a water quartz powder coating on the inner wall of the mold, setting the coating thickness to be 0.8mm, preheating the mold to 220 ℃ after the coating is completely dried, pouring molten iron into the mold, controlling the casting temperature of the molten iron to be 1480 ℃, and setting the centrifugal rotating speed to be 2000r/min to obtain a casting, wherein the casting time of the molten iron is controlled to be 2 min;
and (3) rapid cooling: spraying and cooling on the surface of the die, wherein the spraying amount is 12L/t (t is the weight of molten iron), detecting that the solidification speed of the casting reaches 35 ℃/s under the cooling condition, cooling the casting to 760 ℃ along with the die, blowing and cooling after demolding, controlling the wind speed to be 1.6m/s, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a blank;
annealing: placing the blank in a heating furnace, heating to 550 ℃, preserving heat for 6h, then discharging from the furnace, and air-cooling to room temperature to obtain a blank;
and (3) detection: extracting the blank to perform mechanical property test and metallographic structure observation;
machining: and carrying out post-processing treatment on the qualified blank to obtain the cylinder sleeve.
Example 2
The embodiment prepares a wear-resisting high strength cylinder jacket, and the specific process is as follows:
the wear-resistant high-strength cylinder sleeve comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
c: 3.2%, Si: 2.0%, Mn: 0.5%, P: 0.14%, S: 0.06%, Cr: 0.3%, Mo: 0.4%, Ni: 0.6 percent and the balance of Fe.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
preparing materials: mixing the raw materials according to the weight percentage to prepare a batch mixture;
smelting: putting the batch mixture into a smelting furnace, smelting to 1530 ℃, preserving heat for 4min, adding a 75# ferrosilicon inoculant accounting for 0.5% of the total mass of the batch mixture for inoculation treatment, and preparing molten iron;
casting: coating a water quartz powder coating on the inner wall of the mold, setting the coating thickness to be 1mm, preheating the mold to 200 ℃, pouring molten iron into the mold, controlling the casting temperature of the molten iron to be 1500 ℃, and setting the centrifugal rotating speed to be 1900r/min to obtain a casting;
and (3) rapid cooling: spraying temperature reduction on the surface of the die, wherein the spraying amount is 15L/t (t is the weight of molten iron), detecting that the solidification speed of the casting reaches 48 ℃/s under the temperature reduction condition, cooling the casting to 700 ℃ along with the die, blowing air for temperature reduction after demolding, controlling the air speed to be 2m/s, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a blank;
annealing: placing the blank in a heating furnace, heating to 570 ℃, preserving heat for 5 hours, taking out of the furnace, and air-cooling to room temperature to obtain a blank;
and (3) detection: extracting the blank to perform mechanical property test and metallographic structure observation;
machining: and (5) turning the surface burrs of the qualified blank and carrying out post-processing treatment to obtain the cylinder sleeve.
Example 3
The embodiment prepares a wear-resisting high strength cylinder jacket, and the specific process is as follows:
the wear-resistant high-strength cylinder sleeve comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
c: 3.4%, Si: 1.8%, Mn: 0.7%, P: 0.15%, S: 0.06%, Cr: 0.4%, Mo: 0.6%, Ni: 0.8 percent and the balance of Fe.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
preparing materials: mixing the raw materials according to the weight percentage to prepare a batch mixture;
smelting: putting the batch mixture into a smelting furnace, smelting to 1550 ℃, adding a 75# ferrosilicon inoculant accounting for 0.6% of the total mass of the batch mixture for inoculation treatment to prepare molten iron;
casting: coating a quartz powder coating on the inner wall of the mold, setting the coating thickness to be 1.2mm, preheating the mold to 220 ℃, pouring molten iron into the mold, controlling the casting temperature of the molten iron to be 1520 ℃, and setting the centrifugal rotating speed to be 1800r/min to obtain a casting;
and (3) rapid cooling: spraying and cooling on the surface of the die, wherein the spraying amount is 17L/t (t is the weight of molten iron), detecting that the solidification speed of the casting reaches 55 ℃/s under the cooling condition, cooling the casting to 700 ℃ along with the die, blowing and cooling after demolding, controlling the wind speed to be 2.5m/s, and cooling to the room temperature to obtain a blank;
annealing: placing the blank in a heating furnace, heating to 580 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours, then discharging from the furnace, and air-cooling to room temperature to obtain a blank;
and (3) detection: extracting the blank to perform mechanical property test and metallographic structure observation;
machining: and carrying out post-processing treatment on the qualified blank to obtain the cylinder sleeve.
Examples 1-3 the assay data are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, the cylinder liners prepared in examples 1 to 3 had a hardness of 350HB and a tensile strength of 420MPa, and exhibited high strength properties, and the material had a high wear resistance, in which graphite was mainly a type a graphite, in which 20 to 25% of a type D graphite had a structure mainly including pearlite and bainite, and had a structure of 35% or more.
Comparative example 1
This comparison example is a ordinary casting cylinder jacket among the prior art, and through the detection and analysis, this kind of ordinary cylinder jacket includes following weight percent raw materials:
c: 3.2-3.7%, Si: 2.0-2.7%, Mn: 0.5-1.0%, P: 0.1-0.2%, S: 0.08-0.12%, Cr: 0.1-0.2 percent, and the balance of Fe.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example is a bainite casting cylinder sleeve in the prior art, and the common cylinder sleeve comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight through detection and analysis:
c: 2.7-3.1%, Si: 1.6-1.8%, Mn: 0.7-1.2%, P: 0.16-0.18%, S: 0.06-0.08%, Cr: 0.2-0.4%, Mo: 0.8-1.5%, Ni: 1.0-2.0 percent, and the balance of Fe.
The comparative examples 1-2 were subjected to mechanical property tests and metallographic structure observation, and the specific data are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2, in comparative examples 1-2, the hardness of comparative example 1 was 195HB at the maximum, and E-type graphite appeared in the structure, which seriously affected the strength of the cylinder liner, and comparative example 2 was similar to examples 1-3 in mechanical properties and microstructure, and its composition contained Mo in an amount of 0.8-1.5% and Ni in an amount of 1.0-1.2%, which are precious metals, and their usage amounts were high and their costs were higher compared to the present invention.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing is illustrative and explanatory only and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments described, and various modifications, additions, and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention or exceeding the scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. The wear-resistant high-strength cylinder liner is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
c: 3.0-3.4%, Si: 1.8-2.4%, Mn: 0.4-0.7%, P: less than or equal to 0.15 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.06 percent, Cr: 0.2-0.4%, Mo: 0.3-0.6%, Ni: 0.4-0.8% and the balance Fe.
2. The casting process of a wear-resistant high-strength cylinder liner according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of:
preparing materials: mixing the raw materials according to the weight percentage to prepare a batch mixture;
smelting: putting the batch mixture into a smelting furnace, smelting to 1520-;
casting: preheating a mold to the temperature of 180-;
and (3) rapid cooling: cooling the casting to below 760 ℃ along with the mold, and blowing air to cool to room temperature after demolding to obtain a blank;
annealing: placing the blank in a heating furnace, heating to 550-580 ℃, preserving heat for 4-6h, and then discharging from the furnace and air-cooling to room temperature to obtain a blank;
and (3) detection: extracting the blank to perform mechanical property test and metallographic structure observation;
machining: and carrying out post-processing treatment on the qualified blank to obtain the cylinder sleeve.
3. The casting process of the wear-resistant high-strength cylinder liner according to claim 2, wherein in the smelting process, the inoculant is No. 75 ferrosilicon, and the addition amount of the inoculant is 0.3-0.6% of the total mass of the batch.
4. The casting process of the wear-resistant high-strength cylinder liner according to claim 2, wherein in the casting process, the coating is a water-based quartz powder coating, and the coating thickness of the coating is 0.8-1.2 mm.
5. The casting process of the wear-resistant high-strength cylinder liner according to claim 2, wherein in the casting process, a plurality of cooling corrugations are arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the mold.
6. The casting process of the wear-resistant high-strength cylinder liner according to claim 2, wherein in the casting process, the tapping temperature of molten iron is not lower than 1480 ℃, and the casting time is not longer than 2 min.
7. The casting process of the wear-resistant high-strength cylinder liner according to claim 2, wherein in the rapid cooling process, when the mold is cooled, the temperature is reduced by spraying, and the solidification speed of the casting is controlled to be 35-55 ℃/s.
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