CN113698094A - Preparation method of high-strength high-toughness high-light transmittance composite material - Google Patents

Preparation method of high-strength high-toughness high-light transmittance composite material Download PDF

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CN113698094A
CN113698094A CN202111008383.3A CN202111008383A CN113698094A CN 113698094 A CN113698094 A CN 113698094A CN 202111008383 A CN202111008383 A CN 202111008383A CN 113698094 A CN113698094 A CN 113698094A
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sio
pva
composite material
white
glass
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CN113698094B (en
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郭林
赵赫威
高名蕊
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Beihang University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/06Glass compositions containing silica with more than 90% silica by weight, e.g. quartz
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03BMANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B19/00Other methods of shaping glass
    • C03B19/06Other methods of shaping glass by sintering, e.g. by cold isostatic pressing of powders and subsequent sintering, by hot pressing of powders, by sintering slurries or dispersions not undergoing a liquid phase reaction
    • C03B19/066Other methods of shaping glass by sintering, e.g. by cold isostatic pressing of powders and subsequent sintering, by hot pressing of powders, by sintering slurries or dispersions not undergoing a liquid phase reaction for the production of quartz or fused silica articles
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/28Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material
    • C03C17/32Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material with synthetic or natural resins
    • C03C17/324Polyesters
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2201/00Glass compositions
    • C03C2201/02Pure silica glass, e.g. pure fused quartz
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2218/00Methods for coating glass
    • C03C2218/10Deposition methods
    • C03C2218/11Deposition methods from solutions or suspensions
    • C03C2218/111Deposition methods from solutions or suspensions by dipping, immersion

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical fields of nano materials, mechanics, optics and the like, and relates to a preparation method of a high-strength high-toughness high-light transmittance composite material. The method uses silicon dioxide (SiO)2) Using a bidirectional ice template method as a raw material to obtain layered SiO2A framework is compounded with organic glass (PMMA) to prepare SiO with good mechanical property and high transmittance2PMMA glass. The specific method is (1) preparing PVA and SiO with certain concentration2Mixing the slurry, stirring, ultrasonically dispersing uniformly, assembling by using an ice template method, and freeze-drying in vacuum to obtain PVA-SiO2A white mass; (2) the obtained PVA-SiO2Laminating the white blocks, and calcining to obtain dense SiO2A white sheet body; (3) mixing Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) and azobisisobutyronitrile (MMA)AIBN) is prepolymerized with dense SiO2Compounding white chips to obtain SiO2PMMA clear glass.

Description

Preparation method of high-strength high-toughness high-light transmittance composite material
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical fields of nano-materials science, bionics, mechanics and the like, in particular to a preparation method of a high-strength high-toughness high-light transmittance composite material.
Background
The transparent material is widely applied to various aspects of life, glass is a typical representative of the transparent material, the history of more than four thousand years has been existed so far, and the glass is always used as an important material in the fields of daily life, industrial science and technology and the like from ancient times to present. Glass has good transparency, hardness and durability and is cheap and good, however, the inherent brittleness of the glass material leads to poor impact resistance, and the application of the glass material in real life is severely limited. In addition to tempering to improve strength and impact resistance, laminated glass is currently formed by embedding a soft polymer layer in the glass sheet. However, these methods do not really improve the fracture toughness of glass, so that the scientific attention has been paid to whether the glass material can resist impact and how to improve the strength and toughness of the glass product.
The innermost layer structure of mollusk shell in nature, namely pearl layer, is a typical representation of a multistage composite material with high strength and good toughness, the pearl layer is composed of 95 wt% of brittle calcium carbonate and 5 wt% of flexible organic matter which are arranged in a staggered mode, and a regular and ordered brick-mud type structure is presented, the delicate brick-mud microstructure and the unique sliding mechanism thereof are considered as main reasons for improving the toughness, so that the toughness of the aragonite crystal in the pearl layer is far higher than that of the common aragonite crystal. The tensile strength and Young's modulus are respectively measured in the range of 80-135 MPa and 60-70 GPa, and the fracture toughness of the pearl layer can be up to 1.24 kJ.m except the tensile strength-2(about monolithic CaCO)33000 times higher). The natural pearl layer material is widely concerned with the unique combination of high strength and high toughness, but the manufacturing of the pearl layered composite material in a macroscopic scale is still a great challenge, so the preparation of the pearl layered composite material for solving the brittleness problem of glass has great research value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and adopts a bidirectional ice template method to prepare silicon dioxide (SiO) which is the main component of silicon-based glass2) Provides a preparation method of novel glass imitating a pearl layer structure as a raw material. Which comprises the following steps:
firstly, adding 0.2-2.0g of silicon dioxide powder into 5ml of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 3 wt%, and stirring for 24-36h at room temperature to prepare PVA-SiO2Suspension slurry;
a second step ofPVA-SiO obtained in one step2Ultrasonically treating the mixed slurry for 10-30min, pouring into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold with the inner wall size of 20mm multiplied by 20mm, placing the mold at one end of a copper rod, placing the copper rod on a Dewar flask filled with liquid nitrogen, freezing and assembling the slurry, then placing the frozen slurry in a freeze dryer, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying for 24-36h to obtain the dried PVA-SiO2A white mass;
thirdly, the PVA-SiO obtained in the second step is treated2Applying 1-30MPa pressure to the white block at room temperature, and laminating for 1-120min to obtain regular PVA-SiO2A white sheet body;
step four, laminating the PVA-SiO obtained in the step three2The sheet body is placed in a high-temperature muffle furnace, and the temperature is kept for 4-10h at 800 ℃ to obtain compact SiO2A white sheet body;
in the fifth step, Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) and Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) were mixed in a ratio of 500: 1, stirring for 15-25min in an oil bath at the temperature of 80 ℃ under the atmosphere of nitrogen, and cooling to room temperature to prepare a methyl methacrylate prepolymer;
sixthly, the compact SiO obtained in the fourth step2Vacuum degassing the white sheet body for 15-30min, adding the methyl methacrylate prepolymer prepared in the fifth step, performing vacuum pumping for 0.5-1h, heating at 50 ℃ for 24h, at 70 ℃ for 2h and at 100 ℃ for 2h under nitrogen atmosphere to obtain SiO2PMMA clear glass.
In the present invention, the mode of heating to dissolve the polyvinyl alcohol is water bath heating, preparation of methyl methacrylate prepolymer and final preparation of SiO under heating2The PMMA transparent glass is heated by adopting an oil bath.
In the present invention, the cooling of the methyl methacrylate prepolymer is carried out by cooling in an ice water bath.
In the present invention, if not specifically stated, the employed apparatuses, instruments, devices, materials, processes, methods, steps, preparation conditions, etc. are those conventionally employed in the art or can be easily obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the techniques conventionally employed in the art.
The room temperature means a temperature range of 20 ℃ to 35 ℃.
Further, PVA-SiO obtained in the second step2The white block has good layer structure, layer thickness of 1-10 μm, and controllable layer spacing of 5-50 μm.
Further, the para PVA-SiO of the third step2The direction in which the white mass exerts pressure should be perpendicular to the direction of alignment of the microlayers.
Furthermore, the compact SiO2 white tablet prepared in the fourth step still has a good layered structure, and the interlayer spacing is controllable within the range of 10nm-2 μm.
Further, the SiO prepared in the sixth step2PMMA glass has a micro-layered structure.
Further, the aqueous polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution described in the first step is prepared by mixing water and high molecular weight PVA in a ratio of 100: 3, and the polyvinyl alcohol needs to be stirred for 2 to 3 hours in an aqueous solution at the temperature of 80 ℃.
Further, the mass range of adding silica to the aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution described in the first step is preferably 0.2 to 2.0g, for example, if the mass of silica added is less than 0.2g, it may cause discontinuity of the micro layer; if the added mass of the silicon dioxide is higher than 2.0g, the silicon dioxide particles are agglomerated, and the subsequent experimental operation is affected.
Further, the SiO prepared by the method2The PMMA glass has good mechanical property and optical property, the bending strength is more than 100MPa, and the light transmittance is more than 85 percent.
Compared with the preparation of the existing transparent material with high strength and good toughness, the invention has the following advantages:
the raw materials adopted in the preparation process are simple and easy to obtain, the cost is lower, no pollution is caused to the environment, the process is simple, and the operation is simple and convenient;
2, the invention introduces the nacreous layer-like structure into the glass, and improves the toughness of the glass while maintaining the strength of the glass;
3, SiO prepared by the invention2PMMA glass having high strength and high strengthToughness and high transparency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for the ice template method according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a pictorial representation and SEM photograph of a dried white cake obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows PVA-SiO obtained in example 1 of the present invention2A picture of a white sheet and a scanning electron microscope photograph;
FIG. 4 shows a dense SiO obtained in example 1 of the present invention2A picture of a white sheet and a scanning electron microscope photograph;
FIG. 5 shows SiO obtained in example 1 of the present invention2-a physical picture and a scanning electron micrograph of PMMA glass;
FIG. 6 shows SiO obtained in example 1 of the present invention2-results of transmittance tests of PMMA glass;
FIG. 7 shows SiO obtained in example 1 of the present invention2Mechanical test results for PMMA glass.
Detailed Description
The following will specifically describe the preparation method of the high-strength, high-toughness and transparent glass with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that these examples are only illustrative of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way.
Example 1
SiO with low silicon dioxide content2Preparation method of PMMA glass
In the first step, 0.2g of silica powder was added to 5ml of a 3 wt% aqueous polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution and stirred at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain PVA-SiO2Suspension slurry;
the second step is to use the PVA-SiO obtained in the first step2Ultrasonically treating the mixed slurry for 20min, pouring into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold with inner wall size of 20mm × 20mm, placing the mold at one end of a copper rod, placing the copper rod on a Dewar flask filled with liquid nitrogen, freezing and assembling the slurry (figure 1), placing the frozen slurry in a freeze dryer, and vacuum freeze drying for 24h to obtain dried PVA-SiO2White blocks (fig. 2);
thirdly, the PVA-SiO obtained in the second step is treated2Applying 5MPa pressure to the white block at room temperature, and laminating for 30min to obtain regular PVA-SiO2White flakes (fig. 3);
step four, laminating the PVA-SiO obtained in the step three2The sheet body is placed in a high-temperature muffle furnace, and heat preservation is carried out for 6 hours at 800 ℃ to obtain compact SiO2White flakes (fig. 4);
in the fifth step, Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) and Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) were mixed in a ratio of 500: 1, stirring for 15-25min in an oil bath at the temperature of 80 ℃ under the atmosphere of nitrogen, and cooling to room temperature to prepare a methyl methacrylate prepolymer;
sixthly, the compact SiO obtained in the fourth step2Vacuum degassing the white sheet for 20min, adding the methyl methacrylate prepolymer obtained in the fifth step, vacuum-pumping for 0.5h, heating at 50 deg.C for 24h, 70 deg.C for 2h, and 100 deg.C for 2h under nitrogen atmosphere to obtain SiO2PMMA clear glass (FIG. 5). This glass has a transmittance of up to 85% (FIG. 6) and a high bending strength (FIG. 7).
Example 2
SiO with high silicon dioxide content2Preparation method of PMMA glass
In the first step, 2.0g of silica powder was added to 5ml of a 3 wt% aqueous polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution and stirred at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain PVA-SiO2Suspension slurry;
the second step is to use the PVA-SiO obtained in the first step2Ultrasonically treating the mixed slurry for 20min, pouring into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold with the inner wall size of 20mm multiplied by 20mm, placing the mold at one end of a copper rod, placing the copper rod on a Dewar flask filled with liquid nitrogen, freezing and assembling the slurry, then placing the frozen slurry in a freeze dryer, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying for 24h to obtain the dried PVA-SiO2A white mass;
thirdly, the PVA-SiO obtained in the second step is treated2Applying 5MPa pressure to the white block at room temperature, and laminating for 30min to obtain the final productMonolithic PVA-SiO2A white sheet body;
step four, laminating the PVA-SiO obtained in the step three2The sheet body is placed in a high-temperature muffle furnace, and heat preservation is carried out for 6 hours at 800 ℃ to obtain compact SiO2A white sheet body;
in the fifth step, Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) and Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) were mixed in a ratio of 500: 1, stirring for 15-25min in an oil bath at the temperature of 80 ℃ under the atmosphere of nitrogen, and cooling to room temperature to prepare a methyl methacrylate prepolymer;
sixthly, the compact SiO obtained in the fourth step2Vacuum degassing the white sheet for 20min, adding the methyl methacrylate prepolymer obtained in the fifth step, vacuum-pumping for 0.5h, heating at 50 deg.C for 24h, 70 deg.C for 2h, and 100 deg.C for 2h under nitrogen atmosphere to obtain SiO2PMMA clear glass.

Claims (5)

1. The preparation method of the high-strength high-toughness high-transmittance composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, adding 0.2-2.0g of silicon dioxide powder into 5ml of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 3 wt%, and stirring for 24-36h at room temperature to prepare PVA-SiO2Suspension slurry; the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) aqueous solution is prepared by mixing water and high molecular weight PVA in a ratio of 100: 3, the polyvinyl alcohol is stirred for 2-3 hours in an aqueous solution at the temperature of 80 ℃;
the second step is to use the PVA-SiO obtained in the first step2Ultrasonically treating the mixed slurry for 10-30min, pouring into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold with the inner wall size of 20mm multiplied by 20mm, placing the mold at one end of a copper rod, placing the copper rod on a Dewar flask filled with liquid nitrogen, freezing and assembling the slurry, then placing the frozen slurry in a freeze dryer, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying for 24-36h to obtain the dried PVA-SiO2A white mass;
thirdly, the PVA-SiO obtained in the second step is treated2Applying 1-30MPa pressure to the white block along the direction perpendicular to the arrangement of the microscopic lamellae at room temperature, and laminating for 1-120min to obtain regular PVA-SiO2A white sheet body;
step four, laminating the PVA-SiO obtained in the step three2The sheet body is placed in a high-temperature muffle furnace, and the temperature is kept for 4 to 10 hours at 800 ℃ to obtain compact SiO2A white sheet body;
in the fifth step, Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) and Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) were mixed in a ratio of 500: 1, stirring the mixture in an oil bath at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 15 to 25min under the atmosphere of nitrogen, and cooling the mixture to room temperature in an ice water bath to prepare a methyl methacrylate prepolymer;
sixthly, the compact SiO obtained in the fourth step2Vacuum degassing the white sheet body for 15-30min, adding the methyl methacrylate prepolymer prepared in the fifth step, performing vacuum pumping for 0.5-1h, heating at 50 ℃ for 24h, at 70 ℃ for 2h and at 100 ℃ for 2h under nitrogen atmosphere to obtain SiO2PMMA clear glass.
2. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the composite material has high strength, high toughness and high light transmittance: PVA-SiO prepared in the second step2The white block has good layer structure, layer thickness of 1-10 μm, and controllable layer spacing of 5-50 μm.
3. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the composite material has high strength, high toughness and high light transmittance: the fourth step prepares the dense SiO2The white flakes still have a good lamellar structure with controllable interlayer spacing in the range of 10nm-2 μm.
4. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the composite material has high strength, high toughness and high light transmittance: the sixth step of preparing the obtained SiO2PMMA glass has a micro-layered structure.
5. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the composite material has high strength, high toughness and high light transmittance: the sixth step of preparing the obtained SiO2The PMMA glass has good mechanical property and optical property, the bending strength is more than 100MPa, and the light transmittance is more than 85 percent。
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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WO2014124496A1 (en) * 2013-02-14 2014-08-21 The University Of Sydney Biocompatible material and uses thereof
US20160054492A1 (en) * 2013-03-29 2016-02-25 Konica Minolta, Inc. Laminated glass
US20170100857A1 (en) * 2015-10-13 2017-04-13 The Regents Of The University Of California Bidirectional freeze casting for fabricating lamellar structures
CN107324834A (en) * 2017-04-07 2017-11-07 北京航空航天大学 It is a kind of that there is imitative shell laminar composite of regular bridged linkage and preparation method thereof
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WO2014124496A1 (en) * 2013-02-14 2014-08-21 The University Of Sydney Biocompatible material and uses thereof
US20160054492A1 (en) * 2013-03-29 2016-02-25 Konica Minolta, Inc. Laminated glass
US20170100857A1 (en) * 2015-10-13 2017-04-13 The Regents Of The University Of California Bidirectional freeze casting for fabricating lamellar structures
CN107324834A (en) * 2017-04-07 2017-11-07 北京航空航天大学 It is a kind of that there is imitative shell laminar composite of regular bridged linkage and preparation method thereof
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