CN113695537A - Hollow ingot, preparation method thereof and hollow section - Google Patents
Hollow ingot, preparation method thereof and hollow section Download PDFInfo
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- CN113695537A CN113695537A CN202111050942.7A CN202111050942A CN113695537A CN 113695537 A CN113695537 A CN 113695537A CN 202111050942 A CN202111050942 A CN 202111050942A CN 113695537 A CN113695537 A CN 113695537A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/04—Casting hollow ingots
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture
- B22D7/064—Cooling the ingot moulds
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a hollow ingot, a preparation method thereof and a hollow section bar, and relates to the technical field of metal casting. The preparation method of the hollow cast ingot comprises the following steps: injecting the metal melt contained in the annular crucible into an annular area surrounded by a crystallizer and a cooling mould from a porous flow dividing nozzle disc under the action of pressure, and condensing the metal melt into a circular casting blank; the cooling die moves downwards gradually along with the lifting platform, and the annular casting blank is gradually increased to obtain a hollow cast ingot. According to the method, the large-size hollow ingot with free components can be obtained, the ingot is uniform in components and fine in crystal grains, the ingot surface is smooth, the forming precision is high, the ingot can be directly used for subsequent extrusion treatment without processing, the performance of the processed hollow ingot is better, the application of the hollow ingot is widened, and the hollow section can be obtained through simple extrusion operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal casting, in particular to a hollow ingot, a preparation method thereof and a hollow section.
Background
Hollow profiles are generally produced by two methods, one is hollow ingot extrusion and one is solid ingot punch extrusion. Solid ingot through-hole extrusion can have collapsed cavities and is limited in the manner of operation. Therefore, hollow ingot extrusion is generally employed.
The existing preparation method of the hollow ingot is based on semi-continuous casting to manufacture a cast hollow ingot or cast a solid ingot, and then the hollow ingot is processed. The hollow ingot directly produced by semi-continuous casting has poor inner cavity quality, and defects or impurities can be brought into the inner surface of the product; and the semicontinuous casting technology has the problems of coarse structure grains, serious macrosegregation, cracking of large-specification cast ingots during casting and the like. The solid ingot is processed into the hollow ingot, so that the material waste is serious, the processing difficulty is high, and long cast rods are not suitable to be processed. The injection molding has the defects of high production cost, low free design degree of components, air holes, looseness and the like. The above methods all limit the application of hollow ingots.
In view of this, the present application is specifically made.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention includes, for example, providing a hollow ingot, a method for producing the same, and a hollow profile which enable an optimum cast structure to be obtained.
Embodiments of the invention may be implemented as follows:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for producing a hollow ingot, comprising: injecting the metal melt contained in the annular crucible into an annular area surrounded by a crystallizer and a cooling mould from a porous flow dividing nozzle disc under the action of pressure, and condensing the metal melt into a circular casting blank;
the cooling die moves downwards gradually along with the lifting platform, and the annular casting blank is gradually increased to obtain a hollow cast ingot.
In an optional embodiment, the crystallizer comprises an outer crystallizer and an inner crystallizer which are coaxially arranged, the outer crystallizer is arranged at the outer side of the inner crystallizer at intervals, the cooling mold is positioned below the crystallizer, the outer crystallizer, the inner crystallizer and the cooling mold are all provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, and the water outlet temperature of the water outlet is 25-35 ℃;
preferably, the outer crystallizer consists of 3-6 arc-shaped open-petal structures;
preferably, vibrators are mounted on one sides of the outer crystallizer and the inner crystallizer, which are far away from the circular casting blank.
In an optional embodiment, 1 to 3 circles of nozzles are arranged on the porous flow dividing nozzle plate, the number of the nozzles in each circle is 8 to 16, the distance between any two adjacent nozzles in each circle is 10 to 20mm, and the diameter of each nozzle is 2 to 4 mm;
preferably, the porous flow dividing nozzle disc is positioned at the upper part of the crystallizer by 3-5 cm.
In an alternative embodiment, the metal melt is provided with a pressure of 8-12Pa by means of a gas supply mechanism communicating with the annular crucible.
In optional embodiment, air feed mechanism is provided with the air feed valve, the air feed valve includes disk seat, case and motor, the disk seat cover is located the outside of case, the motor with the case is connected, first pore has been seted up on the disk seat, the second pore has been seted up on the case, the second pore with air feed mechanism communicates, first pore with annular crucible communicates.
In an alternative embodiment, the metal melt is supplied to the annular crucible by a liquid supply mechanism communicated with the annular crucible, and the liquid level height of the metal melt in the annular crucible is 1-1.5 m.
In an alternative embodiment, a heater is disposed within the annular crucible.
In an alternative embodiment, the metal of the metal melt is selected from any one of an aluminum alloy, a magnesium alloy, a titanium alloy and steel.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a hollow ingot produced by the method for producing a hollow ingot according to any one of the above embodiments.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a hollow profile formed by extrusion from a hollow ingot according to any one of the preceding embodiments.
The beneficial effects of the embodiment of the invention include, for example:
according to the preparation method of the hollow ingot, the high-temperature metal melt is sprayed to the annular area surrounded by the crystallizer and the cooling mold through the porous flow-dividing nozzle disc to form the annular casting blank, the method can obtain the large-size hollow ingot with free components, the ingot is uniform in component and fine in grain, the surface of the ingot is smooth, the forming precision is high, the ingot can be directly used for subsequent extrusion treatment without processing, the performance of the processed hollow ingot is better, the application of the hollow ingot is widened, and the hollow section can be obtained through simple extrusion operation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a device for producing a hollow ingot according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a device for manufacturing a hollow ingot provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a porous flow-dividing nozzle plate of the hollow ingot preparation device provided by the embodiment of the application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an air supply valve of the apparatus for manufacturing a hollow ingot according to the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional view of a crystallizer of the apparatus for preparing a hollow ingot provided by the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a top view of a mold of the apparatus for producing a hollow ingot according to the example of the present application.
Icon: 100-a preparation device of hollow ingots; 110-ring crucible; 111-a heater; 112-a multi-hole split nozzle disk; 120-a gas supply mechanism; 121-air supply valve; 122-a valve seat; 123-a valve core; 124-a motor; 125-a first bore; 126-a second porthole; 130-a liquid supply mechanism; 140-a crystallizer; 141-an external crystallizer; 142-an internal crystallizer; 143-an annular region; 144-arc open-petal structure; 146-a buckle; 150-cooling the mold; 160-a lifting platform; 170-vacuum chamber.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that if the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate an orientation or a positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings or that the product of the present invention is used as it is, this is only for convenience of description and simplification of the description, and it does not indicate or imply that the device or the element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the appearances of the terms "first," "second," and the like, if any, are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
It should be noted that the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
The application provides a preparation method of a hollow ingot, and a preparation device 100 of a hollow ingot for realizing the preparation method is shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the preparation device 100 of a hollow ingot provided by the embodiment includes an annular crucible 110, a gas supply mechanism 120, a liquid supply mechanism 130, a crystallizer 140, a cooling mold 150 and a lifting platform 160, and the annular crucible 110, the gas supply mechanism 120, the liquid supply mechanism 130, the crystallizer 140, the cooling mold 150 and the lifting platform 160 are all arranged in a vacuum cavity 170.
The preparation method of the hollow cast ingot comprises the following steps:
and S1, spraying the metal melt contained in the annular crucible 110 into an annular area 143 surrounded by the crystallizer 140 and the cooling die 150 from the porous flow-dividing nozzle plate 112 under the action of pressure, and condensing the metal melt into a circular casting blank.
The liquid supply mechanism 130 is used for supplying molten metal to the annular crucible 110 by the liquid supply mechanism 130 communicated with the annular crucible 110, and the liquid supply mechanism 130 can realize smelting of different metal components, including but not limited to: any one of aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, titanium alloy, and steel. The metal melt after being melted and mixed evenly is introduced into the annular crucible 110 through a pipeline for heat preservation for standby. The liquid supply mechanism 130 can maintain the level of the molten metal in the annular crucible 110 within a certain range, thereby achieving a better melt impact effect. Preferably, the level of the molten metal in the annular crucible 110 is 1 to 1.5 m.
The annular crucible 110 is annular, the annular crucible 110 is used for containing melted metal and preserving heat of the melted metal, and specifically, a heater 111 is arranged in the annular crucible 110. The bottom of the nozzle plate is provided with a multi-hole distribution nozzle plate 112 (see fig. 3), 1-3 circles of nozzles are arranged on the multi-hole distribution nozzle plate 112, the number of the nozzles in each circle is 8-16, the distance between any two adjacent nozzles in each circle is 10-20mm, and the diameter of each nozzle is 2-4 mm.
In the present application, a gas supply mechanism 120 in communication with the annular crucible 110 is used to provide a pressure of 8-12Pa to the metal melt. The gas supply mechanism 120 introduces inert gas into the annular crucible 110, so that the metal solution in the annular crucible 110 is sprayed out from the porous flow distribution nozzle plate 112 under high pressure.
In the present application, referring to fig. 4, the gas supply mechanism 120 is provided with a gas supply valve 121, the gas supply valve 121 includes a valve seat 122, a valve core 123 and a motor 124, the valve seat 122 is sleeved outside the valve core 123, the motor 124 is connected to the valve core 123, a first hole 125 is formed in the valve seat 122, a second hole 126 is formed in the valve core 123, the second hole 126 is communicated with the gas supply mechanism 120, and the first hole 125 is communicated with the annular crucible 110. In the present application, the second channel 126 is L-shaped, the motor 124 drives the valve element 123 to rotate relative to the valve seat 122, and the second channel 126 on the valve element 123 is selectively communicated with the first channel 125 in the rotating process, so as to realize that the gas supply mechanism 120 intermittently supplies pressure to the annular crucible 110, and the valve element 123 periodically rotates, so as to realize that the second channel 126 periodically communicates with the first channel 125, that is, in the process that the valve element 123 is rotationally communicated with the gas supply mechanism 120 and the annular crucible 110, the communication area is gradually increased from zero and then gradually decreased to zero, so as to form a pulse pressure in the annular crucible 110, and further realize that the metal melts with different impact forces are impacted on the cooling mold 150 to form a metal melt pool, and the intermittent injection can make the melts solidify more quickly, which is beneficial to improving the mixing uniformity of the metal melt pool.
Referring to fig. 5 and 6, the mold 140 has an annular structure, specifically, the mold 140 includes an outer mold 141 and an inner mold 142 that are coaxially disposed, the outer mold 141 is disposed at an interval outside the inner mold 142, a cooling mold 150 is disposed below the mold 140, the cooling mold 150 is not connected to the mold 140, and an annular region 143 for molding is defined by the outer mold 141, the inner mold 142, and the cooling mold 150.
In order to enhance the cooling effect, the outer crystallizer 141 in the present application is composed of 3-6 arc-shaped open-petal structures 144; each arc open lamella structure 144 is connected through buckle 146, and each arc open lamella structure 144 all is provided with water inlet and delivery port for the temperature independent control of each arc open lamella structure 144, control effect is better. In addition, in the present application, vibrators (not shown) are installed on the sides of the outer mold 141 and the inner mold 142 away from the ring-shaped cast slab. The vibrator continuously vibrates in the process of impacting the metal melt, so that the mixing uniformity of the metal melt can be enhanced. The vibrator installed on the crystallizer 140 of the present application can cooperate with the air supply valve 121 to achieve better mixing uniformity.
Referring back to fig. 1 and 2, the cooling mold 150 is used for receiving the molten metal ejected from the porous diverging nozzle plate 112, in this embodiment, the cooling mold 150 is plate-shaped and is disposed below the mold 140, and the molten metal is cooled by the cooling mold 150 and the mold 140 to form a ring-shaped cast slab.
In the present application, inert gas is introduced into the annular crucible 110 through the gas supply mechanism 120 to generate a pressure of 8-12Pa, and the porous split nozzle plate 112 is intermittently sprayed into the annular region 143 after being adjusted by the gas supply valve 121. The level of the molten metal in the annular crucible 110 is controlled to 1 to 1.5m by the liquid supply mechanism 130. The porous distribution nozzle plate 112 is located 3-5cm above the crystallizer 140.
S2, the cooling die 150 gradually moves downwards along with the lifting platform 160, and the annular casting blank gradually increases to obtain a hollow casting ingot.
Referring back to fig. 1 and 2, the lifting platform 160 is used to move the cooling mold 150 downward to maintain the distance between the nozzle and the upper surface of the cooling mold 150. The ring-shaped casting blank moves downwards along with the cooling die 150, the crystallizer 140 is fixed, at the moment, the upper surfaces of the crystallizer 140 and the ring-shaped casting blank also form an annular area 143, the metal melt sprayed into the annular area 143 is condensed into the ring-shaped casting blank again, the height of the ring-shaped casting blank is gradually increased, and the operation is repeated for multiple times to obtain the hollow cast ingot.
S3, taking out the hollow ingot and carrying out homogenization heat treatment.
The homogenization heat treatment in the present application needs to be performed according to the material of the ingot (aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, titanium alloy) by referring to the prior art, and the present application is not limited thereto.
The large-size hollow ingot with free component design can be obtained by adopting the preparation method of the hollow ingot, the ingot has uniform components and fine grains, the surface of the ingot is smooth, the forming precision is high, and the ingot can be directly used for subsequent extrusion treatment without processing.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the present embodiment provides an apparatus 100 for preparing a hollow ingot, which includes an annular crucible 110, a gas supply mechanism 120, a liquid supply mechanism 130, a crystallizer 140, a cooling mold 150, and a lifting platform 160.
The annular crucible 110 is annular and is used for containing melted metal and preserving heat of the melted metal, and a heater 111 is arranged in the annular crucible 110. The bottom of the nozzle plate is provided with a porous distribution nozzle plate 112, the porous distribution nozzle plate 112 is provided with 3 circles of nozzles, the number of the nozzles in each circle is 12, the distance between any two adjacent nozzles in each circle is 10-20mm, and the diameter of each nozzle is 3 mm.
The liquid supply mechanism 130 can realize smelting of different metal components, and the liquid supply mechanism 130 is communicated with the top of the annular crucible 110 and is used for supplying liquid to the annular crucible 110. The height of the liquid level of the molten metal in the annular crucible 110 is 1 to 1.5 m.
The gas supply mechanism 120 is communicated with the annular crucible 110 and is used for introducing inert gas into the annular crucible 110 so that the metal solution in the annular crucible 110 is sprayed out of the porous flow distribution nozzle plate 112 under the action of high pressure (10 Pa). In the present application, the gas supply mechanism 120 is provided with a gas supply valve 121, the gas supply valve 121 includes a valve seat 122, a valve core 123 and a motor 124, the valve seat 122 is sleeved on the outer side of the valve core 123, the motor 124 is connected with the valve core 123, a first hole 125 is formed in the valve seat 122, a second hole 126 is formed in the valve core 123, the second hole 126 is communicated with the gas supply mechanism 120, and the first hole 125 is communicated with the annular crucible 110. In the present application, the second duct 126 is L-shaped, the motor 124 drives the valve element 123 to rotate relative to the valve seat 122, and the second duct 126 on the valve element 123 is selectively communicated with the first duct 125 during the rotation process, so that the gas supply mechanism 120 intermittently supplies pressure to the inside of the annular crucible 110, and the valve element 123 periodically rotates, so that the second duct 126 is periodically communicated with the first duct 125.
The crystallizer 140 is an annular structure, specifically, the crystallizer 140 includes an outer crystallizer 141 and an inner crystallizer 142 which are coaxially arranged, the outer crystallizer 141 is arranged at an interval outside the inner crystallizer 142, the cooling mold 150 is located below the crystallizer 140, the cooling mold 150 is not connected with the crystallizer 140, an annular region 143 for molding is defined by the outer crystallizer 141, the inner crystallizer 142 and the cooling mold 150, and the outer crystallizer 141 in the present application is composed of 4 arc-shaped open-petal structures 144; each arc-shaped flap structure 144 is connected through a buckle 146, and each arc-shaped flap structure 144, the inner crystallizer 142 and the cooling mold 150 are provided with a water inlet and a water outlet. In addition, in the present application, vibrators are mounted on both sides of the outer mold 141 and the inner mold 142 away from the ring-shaped cast slab.
In the embodiment, the cooling mold 150 is plate-shaped and disposed below the mold 140, and the lifting platform 160 is used for driving the cooling mold 150 to move downward to maintain the distance between the nozzle and the upper surface of the cooling mold 150.
Example 2
The present embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a hollow ingot, which is performed by using the apparatus 100 for manufacturing a hollow ingot of embodiment 1, and includes the following steps:
and S1, spraying the metal melt from the porous diversion nozzle disc 112 to an annular area 143 surrounded by the crystallizer 140 and the cooling die 150 under the action of pressure, and condensing the metal melt into a circular casting blank.
In the process of melt impact, the liquid level height of the metal melt is 1.2m, the pressure applied to the metal melt is 10Pa, the porous flow-dividing nozzle plate 112 is positioned at the upper part of the crystallizer 140 by 4cm, the vibrator outside the crystallizer 140 continuously vibrates, and the water outlet temperature of the crystallizer 140 and the water outlet of the cooling die 150 is 30 ℃.
S2, the cooling die 150 gradually moves downwards along with the lifting platform 160, and the annular casting blank gradually increases to obtain a hollow casting ingot.
S3, taking out the hollow ingot and carrying out homogenization heat treatment.
Example 3
The present embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a hollow ingot, which is performed by using the apparatus 100 for manufacturing a hollow ingot of embodiment 1, and includes the following steps:
and S1, spraying the metal melt from the porous diversion nozzle disc 112 to an annular area 143 surrounded by the crystallizer 140 and the cooling die 150 under the action of pressure, and condensing the metal melt into a circular casting blank.
In the process of melt impact, the liquid level height of the metal melt is 1.5m, the pressure applied to the metal melt is 10Pa, the porous flow-dividing nozzle plate 112 is positioned at the upper part of the crystallizer 140 by 5cm, the vibrator outside the crystallizer 140 continuously vibrates, and the water outlet temperature of the crystallizer 140 and the water outlet of the cooling die 150 is 35 ℃.
S2, the cooling die 150 gradually moves downwards along with the lifting platform 160, and the annular casting blank gradually increases to obtain a hollow casting ingot.
S3, taking out the hollow ingot and carrying out homogenization heat treatment.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a hollow ingot, which comprises the following steps:
and S1, spraying the metal melt from the porous diversion nozzle disc 112 to an annular area 143 surrounded by the crystallizer 140 and the cooling die 150 under the action of pressure, and condensing the metal melt into a circular casting blank.
In the process of melt impact, the liquid level height of the metal melt is 1.2m, the pressure applied to the metal melt is pulse pressure, the process is carried out by taking 0-10Pa as a period, the porous flow dividing nozzle disc 112 is positioned at the upper part of the crystallizer 140 by 4cm, the vibrator outside the crystallizer 140 continuously vibrates, and the water outlet temperature of the crystallizer 140 and the water outlet of the cooling mould 150 is 30 ℃.
S2, the cooling die 150 gradually moves downwards along with the lifting platform 160, and the annular casting blank gradually increases to obtain a hollow casting ingot.
S3, taking out the hollow ingot and carrying out homogenization heat treatment.
Example 5
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 4 except that the vibration of the vibrator in embodiment 4 is omitted.
The hollow ingots obtained in the above examples 2 to 5 were subjected to performance testing, and the test results were as follows:
as can be seen from the table above, the hollow cast ingot prepared by the method has a smooth inner surface and the roughness is below N10 level. The average grain size of the cast ingot is smaller and is less than 50 mu m. The radial segregation of the cast ingot is small and is less than 1.5 percent.
In summary, according to the preparation method of the hollow ingot, the high-temperature metal melt is sprayed to the annular area 143 surrounded by the crystallizer 140 and the cooling mold 150 through the porous flow-dividing nozzle plate 112 to form the annular casting blank, the method can obtain the large-size hollow ingot with freely designed components, the ingot has uniform components and fine grains, the ingot surface is smooth, the forming precision is high, the large-size hollow ingot can be directly used for subsequent extrusion treatment without processing, the performance of the processed hollow ingot is better, the application of the hollow ingot is widened, and the hollow section can be obtained through simple extrusion operation.
The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing a hollow ingot is characterized by comprising the following steps: injecting the metal melt contained in the annular crucible into an annular area surrounded by a crystallizer and a cooling mould from a porous flow dividing nozzle disc under the action of pressure, and condensing the metal melt into a circular casting blank;
the cooling die moves downwards gradually along with the lifting platform, and the annular casting blank is gradually increased to obtain a hollow cast ingot.
2. The preparation method of the hollow ingot according to claim 1, wherein the crystallizer comprises an outer crystallizer and an inner crystallizer which are coaxially arranged, the outer crystallizer is arranged at the outer side of the inner crystallizer at intervals, the cooling mould is positioned below the crystallizer, a water inlet and a water outlet are arranged on the outer crystallizer, the inner crystallizer and the cooling mould, and the water outlet temperature of the water outlet is 25-35 ℃;
preferably, the outer crystallizer consists of 3-6 arc-shaped open-petal structures;
preferably, vibrators are mounted on one sides of the outer crystallizer and the inner crystallizer, which are far away from the circular casting blank.
3. The method for preparing the hollow ingot according to claim 1, wherein 1-3 circles of nozzles are arranged on the porous flow dividing nozzle plate, the number of the nozzles in each circle is 8-16, the distance between any two adjacent nozzles in each circle is 10-20mm, and the diameter of each nozzle is 2-4 mm;
preferably, the porous flow dividing nozzle disc is positioned at the upper part of the crystallizer by 3-5 cm.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein a gas supply mechanism in communication with the annular crucible is used to provide pressure to the metal melt, the pressure being 8-12 Pa.
5. The preparation method of the hollow ingot casting as claimed in claim 4, wherein the gas supply mechanism is provided with a gas supply valve, the gas supply valve comprises a valve seat, a valve core and a motor, the valve seat is sleeved outside the valve core, the motor is connected with the valve core, a first pore passage is formed in the valve seat, a second pore passage is formed in the valve core, the second pore passage is communicated with the gas supply mechanism, and the first pore passage is communicated with the annular crucible.
6. The method of producing a hollow ingot according to claim 1, wherein the molten metal is supplied to the annular crucible by a liquid supply mechanism communicating with the annular crucible, and the liquid level of the molten metal in the annular crucible is 1 to 1.5 m.
7. The method of producing a hollow ingot according to claim 1, wherein a heater is provided in the annular crucible.
8. A method of producing a hollow ingot according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the metal of the metal melt is selected from any one of an aluminum alloy, a magnesium alloy, a titanium alloy and steel.
9. A hollow ingot produced by the method for producing a hollow ingot according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A hollow profile formed by extrusion using the hollow ingot of claim 9.
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